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Chen X, Luo Y. Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms with risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:615-621. [PMID: 35730167 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2090009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined to evaluate the association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms, namely, GSTM1 (rs1183423000, presence/absence), GSTT1 (rs1601993659, presence/absence), and GSTP1 Ile105Val (rs1695, A>G) polymorphisms, and AMD risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2021. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used as effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the heterogeneity metric I2. RESULTS Five relevant studies involving 875 patients with AMD and 966 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis, four studies concerning GSTM1 null polymorphism, four studies regarding GSTT1 null polymorphism, and four studies on GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism. The GSTM1 null polymorphism, GSTT1 null polymorphism and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism were not significantly associated with AMD risk (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.73-1.75, p = 0.59; OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.81-1.36, p = 0.69; OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.97-1.47, p = 0.09, respectively). There was no association between the combined GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 null genotype and AMD risk (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.42-3.17, p = 0.77). Subgroup analyses revealed that the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of AMD in the Turkish population (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13-2.47, p = 0.01) and the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a decreased incidence of non-exudative AMD (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-0.99, p = 0.01). There was no obvious risk of publication bias found. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant associations between GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms and AMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Prysyazhnyuk V, Sydorchuk L, Sydorchuk R, Prysiazhniuk I, Bobkovych K, Buzdugan I, Dzuryak V, Prysyazhnyuk P. Glutathione-S-transferases genes-promising predictors of hepatic dysfunction. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:620-633. [PMID: 34239698 PMCID: PMC8239493 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i6.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly known genes involved in chronic diffuse liver diseases pathogenesis are genes that encodes the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), known as the second phase enzyme detoxification system that protects against endogenous oxidative stress and exogenous toxins, through catalisation of glutathione sulfuric groups conjugation and decontamination of lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products. The group of GST enzymes consists of cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Recently, eight classes of soluble cytoplasmic isoforms of GST enzymes are widely known: α-, ζ-, θ-, κ-, μ-, π-, σ-, and ω-. The GSTs gene family in the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee, online database recorded over 20 functional genes. The level of GSTs expression is considered to be a crucial factor in determining the sensitivity of cells to a broad spectrum of toxins. Nevertheless, human GSTs genes have multiple and frequent polymorphisms that include the complete absence of the GSTM1 or the GSTT1 gene. Current review supports the position that genetic polymorphism of GST genes is involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of different etiology and hepatocellular carcinoma. Certain GST allelic variants were proven to be associated with susceptibility to hepatological pathology, and correlations with the natural course of the diseases were subsequently postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Sydorchuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Sydorchuk
- Department of Surgery, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Prysiazhniuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Bobkovych
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Inna Buzdugan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Dzuryak
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Petro Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
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Caramujo-Balseiro S, Faro C, Carvalho L. Metabolic pathways in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis: A new proposal. Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110512. [PMID: 33548761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the reports made about geographical differences in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) occurrence, suggesting a link between dietary habits, genes and cancer risk, we hypothesise that there are four fundamental metabolic pathways involved in diet-genes interactions, directly implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis: folate metabolism; lipid metabolism; oxidative stress response; and inflammatory response. Supporting this hypothesis are the evidence given by the significant associations between several diet-genes polymorphisms and CRC, namely: MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and TS (involved in folate metabolism); NPY, APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, LPL and PON1 (involved in lipid metabolism); MNSOD, SOD3, CAT, GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 (involved in oxidative stress response); and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β (involved in inflammatory response). We also highlight the association between some foods/nutrients/nutraceuticals that are important in CRC prevention or treatment and the four metabolic pathways proposed, and the recent results of genome-wide association studies, both assisting our hypothesis. Finally, we propose a new line of investigation with larger studies, using accurate dietary biomarkers and investigating the four metabolic pathways genes simultaneously. This line of investigation will be essential to understand the full complexity of the association between nature and nurture in CRC and perhaps in other types of cancers. Only with this in-depth knowledge will it be possible to make personalised nutrition recommendations for disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Caramujo-Balseiro
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Faro
- Department of Life Sciences - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Khanam J, Hossain D, Hosen B, Uddin M, Kabir A, Anwarul Bari M. Association of Glutathione S-Transferase theta 1 and mu 1 Genes Polymorphisms with the Susceptibility of Myocardial Infarction in Bangladesh. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:366-372. [PMID: 33649731 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction and Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) act as detoxifying enzymes to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of the GST (T1 & M1) gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of myocardial infarction in the Bangladeshi population. Methods A case-control study on 100 cardiac patients with MI and 150 control subjects was conducted. The genotyping of GST (T1 & M1) gene was done using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results The percentage of GSTM1 genotypes was significantly (p< 0.01) lower in patients compared to control subjects while the GSTT1 genotypes were not significantly different between the study subjects. The individual with GSTM1 null allele was at 2.5-fold increased risk {odds ratio (OR)= 2.5; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI)= 1.4 to 4.3; p< 0.01} of experiencing MI while individual with either GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes was at lower risk. In the case of GST M1 and GST T1 combined genotype, patients having both null genotypes for GST M1 and GST T1 gene showed significantly (p< 0.01) higher risk of experiencing MI when compared to control subjects (OR= 3.5; 95% CI= 1.7-7.2; p< 0.001). Conclusion Thus our recent study suggested that GSTM1 alone and GSTM1 and T1 in combination augments the risk of MI in Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyosna Khanam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Delowar Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bayejid Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,National Forensic DNA Profiling Laboratory, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mesbah Uddin
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asadul Kabir
- Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Benabdelkrim M, Djeffal O, Berredjem H. GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study of the Algerian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2853-2858. [PMID: 30362312 PMCID: PMC6291025 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.10.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality
levels. Advanced age, androgen stimulation, and ethnicity have been reported to be possible risk factors. It has been
suggested that particular genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GST), xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes,
could predispose to prostate cancer through heritable deficiency in detoxification of environmental carcinogens.
Conflicts in the published results and the absence of similar in depth studies in Algeria prompted us to perform the
present case-control study of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and their possible association with PCa in an Algerian
population. Methods: We determined GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes for 49 histologically verified prostate cancer
patients and in 41 age-matched healthy controls by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using peripheral blood
DNA samples. Result: While an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and PCa risk (OR= 3.69, 95% CI=
1.30-10.44; P = 0.01) was evident, the GSTT1 null genotype (OR= 0.92, 95% IC= 0.32-2.62; P = 0.49) appeared without
influence. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences between the double null genotype and PCa is detected,
also no statistically significant differences between smoking status and PCa is detected. Conclusion: The GSTM1 null
genotype may increase individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. On the other hand, the null-activity genotype of
GSTT1 did not appear to contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Benabdelkrim
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Algeria.
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Sweet TJ, Ting AH. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Diverse functions of DNA methylation: implications for prostate cancer and beyond. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T169-T178. [PMID: 27605446 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Current clinical screening ensures that most prostate cancers are diagnosed while still organ confined, but disease outcome is highly variable. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular features contributing to prostate cancer aggressiveness is being sought. For many cancers, aberrant genome-wide patterns of cytosine DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides distinguish tumor from normal tissue and contribute to disease progression by altering the transcriptome. In prostate cancer, recent genomic studies identified cancer and high grade-specific differential DNA methylation in gene promoters, gene bodies, gene 3' ends and at distal regulatory elements. Using examples from developmental and disease systems, we will discuss how DNA methylation in each of these genomic contexts can contribute to transcriptome diversity by modulating transcription initiation, alternative transcription start site selection, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation. Alternative transcripts from the same gene often exhibit altered protein-coding potential, translatability, stability and/or localization. All of these can have functional consequences in cells. In future work, it will be important to determine if DNA methylation abnormalities in prostate cancer modify the transcriptome through some or all of these mechanisms and if these DNA methylation-mediated transcriptome alterations impact prostate tumorigenesis and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sweet
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela H Ting
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abo-Hashem EM, El-Emshaty WM, Farag RES, Zakaria S, Abd El-Aziz M, Ghonaim A. Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Chronic Hepatitis C Patients in Egypt. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:696-713. [PMID: 27271262 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) genes are involved in the metabolism of many carcinogens. Polymorphisms in these genes with altered enzyme activity have been reported. The present study evaluated the synergistic effect between CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and smoking on development of HCV-related liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The patients group comprised 40 patients with HCC and 40 patients with liver cirrhosis. The control group comprised 40 healthy subjects having no history of malignancy. The genetic polymorphisms were studied using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) technique on blood samples. The number of current or former smoker among HCC and cirrhotic patients as well as the median Pack/year of cigarette smoked were significantly higher in HCC and liver cirrhotic patients than in control group. Subjects with CYP1A1 gene variants (m1 and m3) had no significant risk to develop cirrhosis or HCC compared to control group. Individuals carrying the Ile/Val genotype of GSTP1 had a significant increased risk of HCC (OR of 2.2, 95 % CI 1.143-4.261) and had larger tumor size. No significant risk was observed on combining both genes variants or on combining smoking with variants of both genes. In conclusion, the GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype and Val allele are associated with an increased risk of HCC. CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genes variants interaction did not increase the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekbal M Abo-Hashem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M El-Emshaty
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Sahar Zakaria
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Azza Ghonaim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura New General Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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8
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Bhat MA, Gandhi G. Association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in North Indian Punjabi population: a case-control study. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:701-706. [PMID: 27215231 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases are metabolic enzymes which are responsible for detoxification of endogenous (products of oxidative stress) as well as exogenous (drugs, pesticides, herbicides, environmental pollutants and carcinogens) products. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for the production of oxidative stress; a major contributor to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES The present case-control study aimed to investigate the association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with CAD. METHODS In the present study, 200 patients diagnosed with CAD and 200 age, sex and population subgroup matched healthy controls were enrolled. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms were examined using multiplex PCR. RESULTS The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.038) lower in patients with CAD (6.00%) than in controls (12.50%). The GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92, p=0.028). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.004) higher in patients (31%) compared with controls (18%). The GSTM1 null genotype conferred twofold increased risk of developing CAD (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.27, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that the GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD while the GSTM1 null genotype might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akbar Bhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gursatej Gandhi
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Hollman AL, Tchounwou PB, Huang HC. The Association between Gene-Environment Interactions and Diseases Involving the Human GST Superfamily with SNP Variants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:379. [PMID: 27043589 PMCID: PMC4847041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental hazards has been associated with diseases in humans. The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human populations exposed to different environmental hazards, is vital for detecting the genetic risks of some important human diseases. Several studies in this field have been conducted on glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a phase II detoxification superfamily, to investigate its role in the occurrence of diseases. Human GSTs consist of cytosolic and microsomal superfamilies that are further divided into subfamilies. Based on scientific search engines and a review of the literature, we have found a large amount of published articles on human GST super- and subfamilies that have greatly assisted in our efforts to examine their role in health and disease. Because of its polymorphic variations in relation to environmental hazards such as air pollutants, cigarette smoke, pesticides, heavy metals, carcinogens, pharmaceutical drugs, and xenobiotics, GST is considered as a significant biomarker. This review examines the studies on gene-environment interactions related to various diseases with respect to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the GST superfamily. Overall, it can be concluded that interactions between GST genes and environmental factors play an important role in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinesha L Hollman
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Heath, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology (CSET), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Heath, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology (CSET), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Department of Biology, CSET, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Hung-Chung Huang
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Heath, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology (CSET), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Department of Biology, CSET, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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10
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Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype related to poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10229-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Influence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Sensorimotor Peripheral Neuropathy Risk. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:638693. [PMID: 26435566 PMCID: PMC4578743 DOI: 10.1155/2015/638693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic susceptibility and oxidative stress may play a role in the appearance of T2DM and diabetic neuropathy. We investigated the relation between polymorphism in genes related to oxidative stress such as GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 and the presence of T2DM and diabetic neuropathy (DN). METHODS Samples were collected from 84 patients with T2DM (42 patients with DN and 42 patients without DN) and 98 healthy controls and genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was associated with the risk of developing T2DM (p = 0.05) but not with the risk of developing DN in diabetic cases. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were associated with neither the risk of developing T2DM nor the risk of DN occurrence in diabetic patients. No association was observed between the patients with T2DM and DSPN (diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy) and T2DM without DSPN regarding investigated polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that GSTP1 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the development of T2DM in Romanian population. GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility of developing diabetic neuropathy in T2DM patients.
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Zhou CF, Ma T, Zhou DC, Shen T, Zhu QX. Association of glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) Ile105Val polymorphism with the risk of skin cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:505-13. [PMID: 26044055 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association of Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val polymorphism with the risk of skin cancer. However, the results remain inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and skin cancer risk, a meta-analysis was performed. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify the eligible studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism with skin cancer risk. Thirteen case-control studies in nine articles, which included a total of 1504 cases and 2243 controls. Overall, we found that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was not associated with skin cancer risk. Furthermore, subgroup analysis by histological types showed that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was associated with risks of malignant melanoma under the dominant model (Val/Val + Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: OR 1.230, 95 % CI 1.017-1.488, P = 0.033). However, lack of association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and BCC and SCC risk in all genetic models. Our meta-analysis suggested that the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of malignant melanoma in Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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Beyerle J, Frei E, Stiborova M, Habermann N, Ulrich CM. Biotransformation of xenobiotics in the human colon and rectum and its association with colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:199-221. [PMID: 25686853 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.996649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the liver is generally considered to be the major organ contributing to drug metabolism, but studies during the last years have suggested an important role of the extra-hepatic drug metabolism. The gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) is the major path of entry for a wide variety of compounds including food, and orally administered drugs, but also compounds - with neither nutrient nor other functional value - such as carcinogens. These compounds are metabolized by a large number of enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP), the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, the uridine 5'-diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase - UGT) superfamily, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, sulfotransferases, etc. These enzymes can either inactivate carcinogens or, in some cases, generate reactive species with higher reactivity compared to the original compound. Most data in this field of research originate from animal or in vitro studies, wherein human studies are limited. Here, we review the human studies, in particular the studies on the phenotypic expression of these enzymes in the colon and rectum to get an impression of the actual enzyme levels in this primary organ of exposure. The aim of this review is to give a summary of currently available data on the relation between the CYP, the GST and the UGT biotransformation system and colorectal cancer obtained from clinical and epidemiological studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolantha Beyerle
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , Heidelberg , Germany
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Roco A, Cayún J, Contreras S, Stojanova J, Quiñones L. Can pharmacogenetics explain efficacy and safety of cisplatin pharmacotherapy? Front Genet 2014; 5:391. [PMID: 25452763 PMCID: PMC4231946 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent pharmacogenetic studies have investigated the variability in both outcome and toxicity in cisplatin-based therapies. These studies have focused on the genetic variability of therapeutic targets that could affect cisplatin response and toxicity in diverse type of cancer including lung, gastric, ovarian, testicular, and esophageal cancer. In this review, we seek to update the reader in this area of investigation, focusing primarily on DNA reparation enzymes and cisplatin metabolism through Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs). Current evidence indicates a potential application of pharmacogenetics in therapeutic schemes in which cisplatin is the cornerstone of these treatments. Therefore, a collaborative effort is required to study these molecular characteristics in order to generate a genetic panel with clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Roco
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente Santiago, Chile ; Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM - Insituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Cayún
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM - Insituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephania Contreras
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM - Insituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM - Insituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM - Insituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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15
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Zhou TB, Drummen GPC, Jiang ZP, Qin YH. GSTT1 polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:1-10. [PMID: 24907267 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible association between glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer is currently hotly debated, but evidence from various epidemiologic studies remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess whether an association between GSTT1 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, as well as to identify patterns in various studies. The association reports were identified from the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library on March 1, 2013, and data from eligible studies (from 1999-2012) were synthesized. Thirty-eight reports were included in this meta-analysis on the association of the null genotype of GSTT1 with prostate cancer risk. No solid association between the GSTT1 null genotype and prostate cancer risk could be established for the overall population (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.27; P = 0.13). However, the GSTT1 null genotype was distinctly associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.48, P = 0.02). In conclusion, the GSTT1 null genotype is associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians, but not in the overall population.
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16
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Sharma A, Pandey A, Sharma S, Chatterjee I, Mehrotra R, Sehgal A, Sharma JK. Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in Delhi population and comparison with other global populations. Meta Gene 2014; 2:134-42. [PMID: 25606397 PMCID: PMC4287809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to a super family of phase II detoxification enzymes, which play an important role in protecting cells from damage caused by endogenous and exogenous compounds by conjugating reactive intermediates with glutathione to produce less reactive water-soluble compounds. In the present study, we determined the frequencies of two polymorphisms in exon 5 and exon 6 of GSTP1 gene in 500 normal individuals from Delhi. GSTP1 polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay. Two polymorphic sites in GSTP1 (Ile105 → Val105; Ala114 → Val114) have been analysed simultaneously, which results in four alleles: GSTP1*A (wild-type Ile105; Ala114), GSTP1*B (Val105; Ala114), GSTP1*C (Val105; Val114) and GSTP1*D (Ile105; Val114). The GSTP1 allele frequency in Delhi population was 0.663, 0.248, 0.069, and 0.020 for GSTP1*A, GSTP1*B, GSTP1*C, and GSTP1*D respectively. The frequency of Ile105 and Val105 allele was 0.683 and 0.317 respectively and it was calculated for the purpose of comparison with published data where all the four alleles were not analysed. GSTP1 alleles from Delhi population were compared with reported frequencies from all over India, and from other ethnic groups worldwide. This study would provide a basic database for future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sharma
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, sector 39, NOIDA-201301, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad- 211001, India ; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, NOIDA, India
| | | | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur-610101, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, NOIDA-201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Sehgal
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, India
| | - Joginder K Sharma
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, sector 39, NOIDA-201301, India
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17
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Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Lash LH, Kromhout H, Hansen J, Guyton KZ. Trichloroethylene: Mechanistic, epidemiologic and other supporting evidence of carcinogenic hazard. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:55-68. [PMID: 23973663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The chlorinated solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. The carcinogenic hazard of TCE was the subject of a 2012 evaluation by a Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Information on exposures, relevant data from epidemiologic studies, bioassays in experimental animals, and toxicity and mechanism of action studies was used to conclude that TCE is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). This article summarizes the key evidence forming the scientific bases for the IARC classification. Exposure to TCE from environmental sources (including hazardous waste sites and contaminated water) is common throughout the world. While workplace use of TCE has been declining, occupational exposures remain of concern, especially in developing countries. The strongest human evidence is from studies of occupational TCE exposure and kidney cancer. Positive, although less consistent, associations were reported for liver cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. TCE is carcinogenic at multiple sites in multiple species and strains of experimental animals. The mechanistic evidence includes extensive data on the toxicokinetics and genotoxicity of TCE and its metabolites. Together, available evidence provided a cohesive database supporting the human cancer hazard of TCE, particularly in the kidney. For other target sites of carcinogenicity, mechanistic and other data were found to be more limited. Important sources of susceptibility to TCE toxicity and carcinogenicity were also reviewed by the Working Group. In all, consideration of the multiple evidence streams presented herein informed the IARC conclusions regarding the carcinogenicity of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rusyn
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wei B, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Ruan J, Cheng H, Zhu M, Hu Q, Jin K, Yan Z, Zhou D, Xuan F, Zhou H, Wang Z, Huang X, Wang Q. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71640. [PMID: 23977100 PMCID: PMC3747220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is thought to be involved in the detoxification of reactive carcinogen metabolites. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism with the risk of prostate cancer. However, the results remain inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify the eligible studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the relationship. The overall association was not significant (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.90-1.25, P = 0.50; Val/Val vs. Val/Ile+Ile/Ile: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.91-1.25, P = 0.44). In subgroup analyses by ethnicity and prostate cancer grade, the similar results were observed. However, in stratified analysis by clinical stage, we found a significant association with low-stage prostate cancer (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.73-4.22, P<0.001; Val/Val vs. Val/Ile+Ile/Ile: OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.38-3.33, P = 0.001). Moreover, there was no statistically significant evidence of multiplicative interactions neither between the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and GSTM1, nor between smoking status and GSTP1 on prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism might not be significantly associated with overall prostate cancer risk. Further stratified analyses showed a significant association with low-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhuoqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (JR)
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (JR)
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Deqi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Xuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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19
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Yang Q, Du J, Yao X. Significant association of Glutathione S-transferase T1 null genotype with prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 26,393 subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53700. [PMID: 23365641 PMCID: PMC3554715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies on the association between Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods Data were collected from the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. We summarized the data on the association between GSTT1 null genotype and risk of prostate cancer in the overall population, and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity, adjusted ORs, and types of controls. Results Ultimately, a total of 43 studies with a total of 26,393 subjects (9,934 cases and 16,459 controls) were eligible for meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.14, 95%CI 1.01–1.29, P = 0.034). Meta-analysis of adjusted ORs also showed a significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.09–1.64, P = 0.006). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and types of controls. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that GSTT1 null genotype is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, and GSTT1 null genotype contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Li T, Zhao XP, Wang LY, Gao S, Zhao J, Fan YC, Wang K. Glutathione S-transferase P1 correlated with oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:683-90. [PMID: 23569432 PMCID: PMC3619117 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is an important phase II enzyme that can protect cells from oxidative stress in various human cancers. However, few clinical studies were undertaken on the relationship between GSTP1 and oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate the potential associations between GSTP1 and oxidative stress in HCC patients. METHODS The GSTP1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined by flow cytometry from 38 HCC patients and 38 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The GSTP1 mRNA level in PBMCs was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the oxidative stress status, including plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST). RESULTS Significantly decreased GSTP1 protein expression was found in HCC patients than in CHB patients (P<0.05). The GSTP1 mRNA expression of HCC patients was also decreased compared with CHB patients (P<0.05). MDA and XOD levels were significantly higher in HCC patients than in CHB patients, while plasma GSH and GST levels were statistically lower in HCC patients than in CHB patients. GSTP1 expression level was correlated with plasma levels of MDA (P<0.01), XOD (P = 0.01) and GSH (P< 0.01), GST (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the reduced GSTP1 expression might contribute to oxidative stress in the development of HCC from CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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21
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Hassan M, Andersson BS. Role of pharmacogenetics in busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:75-87. [PMID: 23252950 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for several malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) are the most commonly used alkylators in high-dose pretransplant conditioning for HSCT; a treatment that is correlated with drug-related toxicity and relapse. Pharmacogenetic investigations have shown that CYP450, as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase, are clearly involved with Cy metabolism and are associated with altered treatment response, Cy metabolism and the unique stem-cell sparing capacity. Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase isoenzymes have been associated with cellular outward transport of various alkylating agents, including Cy metabolites, melphalan, Bu and chlorambucil. A shift from genetic-based studies to whole-genome-based investigations of Cy- and Bu-associated markers may contribute to personalizing the conditioning therapy and enhancing the clinical outcome of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Cai Y, Wang J. Significant association of glutathione S-transferase T1 null genotype with esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2397-403. [PMID: 23238916 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the association between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and risk of esophageal cancer showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Data were collected from the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). The odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was used to assess the strength of this association. We summarized the data on the association between GSTT1 null genotype and risk of esophageal cancer in the overall population, and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity. Finally, a total of 24 independent studies including a total of 7,801 subjects (2,965 cases and 4,836 controls) were eligible for meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, there was no significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and esophageal cancer risk (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI 0.99-1.33, P = 0.067). However, meta-analysis of adjusted ORs showed a significant association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.08-1.56, P = 0.005). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed there was an obvious association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of esophageal cancer in East Asians (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI 1.10-1.39, P < 0.001), but not in Caucasians (OR = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.71-1.11, P = 0.300). There was no obvious risk of publication bias in this meta-analysis (Egger's test, P = 0.784). This meta-analysis demonstrates that GSTT1 null genotype is independently associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer, and a race-specific effect may exist in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Wei B, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Ruan J, Cheng H, Xi B, Zhu M, Jin K, Zhou D, Hu Q, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yan Z, Xuan F, Huang X, Zhang J, Zhou H. Association of GSTM1 null allele with prostate cancer risk: evidence from 36 case-control studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46982. [PMID: 23071687 PMCID: PMC3468624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is thought to be involved in detoxifying several carcinogens and may play a vital role in tumorigenesis. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between GSTM1 null/present polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the results remain inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible case-control studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The overall association was significant (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48, P = 0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses showed GSTM1 null genotype significantly associated with PCa risk among Asians (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78, P = 0.03) but not among Caucasians (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.96-1.31, P = 0.16). In addition, we did not find that smoking modified the genotype effect on the risk of PCa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present meta-analysis suggested that GSTM1 null allele was a low-penetrant risk factor for PCa among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuoqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - You Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Deqi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Xuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Barbosa AM, Frare AB, Costa NB, Silva RE, Moura KKVO. GSTM1 polymorphism in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:3256-62. [PMID: 23079819 DOI: 10.4238/2012.september.12.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve damage and irreversible loss of visual field. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. It was estimated that in 2010 there were about 60.5 million glaucoma cases worldwide; among these patients, 4.5 million will become bilaterally blind. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes of phase-II that act in the detoxification of xenobiotics and inactivate end-products formed as secondary metabolites during oxidative stress. Through PCR amplification, we analyzed the GSTM1 gene in DNA samples from 25 patients with POAG and 25 controls; 14 of the patients presented the GSTM1 gene null polymorphism while only eight of the control group had this gene.Although the POAG patients had a higher frequency of GSTM1, the difference was not significant (P = 0.0874); this lack of significance could be due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Barbosa
- Curso de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
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25
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Marcos M, Pastor I, Chamorro AJ, Ciria-Abad S, González-Sarmiento R, Laso FJ. Meta-analysis: glutathione-S-transferase allelic variants are associated with alcoholic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:1159-72. [PMID: 21967547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of alcoholics develop alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and allelic variants within genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases (GST) have been associated with ALD vulnerability with controversial results. AIM To assess the effects of GST polymorphisms on ALD by means of a genetic association study and meta-analysis. METHODS We retrieved published studies on the relationship between allelic variants within GST genes and ALD by means of electronic database search. A meta-analysis was conducted in a fixed or random effects model. Calculations of odds ratios (OR) and their confidence intervals (CI), tests for heterogeneity of the results and sensitivity analysis, have been performed. A genetic association study comparing GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotype distribution among 279 alcoholics with or without ALD and 144 controls was also performed. Results Fifteen previous studies were identified analysing the association of ALD with polymorphisms within GST genes. After meta-analysis, we found a significant association between the possession of the GSTM1 null allele and the presence of ALD (OR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.78; P=0.002) among alcoholic patients. A significant association was also found for the possession of the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype and the presence of ALD (OR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.80; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, among alcoholics, carriers of GSTM1 null genetic variant or Val/Val genotype of Ile/Val GSTP1 polymorphism have an increased risk to suffer from alcoholic liver disease. The role of glutathione-S-transferase as a potential therapeutic target in alcoholic liver disease is reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alcoholism Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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26
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Zhang B, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Lu W, Cai Q, Xiang YB, Zheng Y, Long J, Ye C, Gu K, Shu XO, Gao Y, Zheng W. Evaluation of functional genetic variants for breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1159-70. [PMID: 21454829 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies among 1,144 cases and 1,256 controls recruited in stage 1 of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study (SBCS I; 1996-1998), 18 known or potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 genes were found to be associated with breast cancer risk. The authors evaluated these associations among 1,918 cases and 1,819 controls recruited in stage 2 of the SBCS (SBCS II; 2002-2005) using genetic effect models and subgroup analyses predetermined from SBCS I results. Five SNPs (AHR rs2066853, ATM rs1003623, ESR1 rs2234693, GSTP1 rs1695, and SHBG rs6259) showed generally consistent results in SBCS I and SBCS II and statistically significant associations with breast cancer risk in combined analyses, mostly in subgroups defined by age or menopausal status. Further, the relation between breast cancer risk and SHBG rs6259 was found to vary by body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) (P for interaction = 0.003). The strongest reduction in risk associated with SHBG rs6259 was found for lean (body mass index <23) postmenopausal minor allele carriers (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.8; P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). This biologically plausible and highly significant finding provides strong evidence for a true association among Asian women. This study also highlights the value of gene-environment interaction analyses in evaluating genetic factors for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Ashtiani ZO, Hasheminasab SM, Ayati M, Goulian BS, Modarressi MH. Are GSTM1, GSTT1 and CAG repeat length of androgen receptor gene polymorphisms associated with risk of prostate cancer in Iranian patients? Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:269-75. [PMID: 21089003 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted this study to investigate whether CAG repeat length in androgen receptor gene and GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms influence prostate cancer risk in Iranian newly diagnosed cancer patients compared to age-matched BPH group and healthy individuals. DNA from 110 pathologically-confirmed prostate cancer patients, 99 age-matched men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and 100 healthy individuals were extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were examined by electrophoresis and sequencing. The mean number of CAG repeat in prostate cancer patients was significantly smaller than normal (19.9 vs 22.8; p < 0.0001) and BPH groups (19.9 vs 21.9; P < 0.0001) The mean difference between normal individuals and BPH group was also significant (21.9 vs. 22.8; P = 0.003). Presence of GSTM1 null genotype were significantly higher in cancer and BPH group vs. normal individuals (both P values < 0.0001). there was not seen association between GSTT1 null or positive genotype with cancer risk, but analysis of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 positive in combination was statistically associated with Prostate cancer risk (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.53-46.73). Our results showed that CAG repeat polymorphism in AR gene may act as a risk modifier and GSTM1 null genotypes also may be contributed to prostate cancer susceptibility in Iranian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ousati Ashtiani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Thakur H, Gupta L, Sobti RC, Janmeja AK, Seth A, Singh SK. Association of GSTM1T1 genes with COPD and prostate cancer in north Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1733-9. [PMID: 20842440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of enzymes is known to play a pivotal role in phase II of biotransformation of xenobiotics, environmental carcinogens and pharmacological drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes as risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and prostate cancer. The subjects appraised were 200 COPD cases, 150 prostate cancer cases, 150 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases, 200 age matched controls for COPD and 172 age matched controls for prostate cancer. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype was found to confer 2.5 (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.56-3.82; P value = 0.00008) and 2.4-fold (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.36-4.20; P value = 0.002) significant higher risk for prostate cancer. Smoking imparted a 2.2-fold significant risk of prostate cancer cases (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.36-3.65 P value = 0.001) and twofold risk in BPH (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.26-3.46; P value = 0.005). In case of COPD only null genotype of GSTT1 has shown 2.1-fold (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.22-3.62; P value = 0.007) significant increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitender Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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29
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Thoudam RD, Yadav DS, Mishra AK, Kaushal M, Ihsan R, Chattopadhyay I, Chauhan PS, Sarma J, Zomawia E, Verma Y, Nandkumar A, Mahanta J, Phukan R, Kapur S, Saxena S. Distribution of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 genes polymorphisms in North East Indians: a potential report. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:163-9. [PMID: 20073549 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detoxifying glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms show variation in different ethnic populations. GST detoxifies and metabolizes carcinogens, including oxygen free radicals. GST polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to different diseases. In the current study, allelic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analyzed in three ethnic groups of North East (NE) India where a high prevalence of various cancers and other diseases such as hypertension, tuberculosis, and asthma have been reported. METHODS We compared the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion genotypes, which were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in 422 voluntary, healthy NE Indians with those of other populations. The data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS The GSTT1-null genotype was found in 51%, 34.3%, and 15.7% of individuals (from Mizoram, Sikkim, and Assam regions of NE India, respectively), whereas the GSTM1-null genotype was found in 46.9%, 46%, and 35% of individuals from the same areas. CONCLUSIONS The NE Indians differ from the rest of the Indian population with reference to genotypic distribution of GST polymorphisms but the frequency was found to be similar to that which has been reported from China. This may explain the hypothesis of the common ancestral origin of both the NE Indians and the Chinese and a higher frequency of cancers such as gastric, esophageal, and oral cancers, which has been reported from these regions. This study establishes baseline frequency data for GST polymorphisms for future case control studies on the role these polymorphisms play with regard to diseases. The results presented here provide the first report on GST polymorphisms in the NE Indian population.
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30
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Gaedigk A, Gaedigk R, Leeder JS. UGT2B17 and SULT1A1 gene copy number variation (CNV) detection by LabChip microfluidic technology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:627-33. [PMID: 20192879 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene copy number variations (CNVs) are increasingly recognized to play important roles in the expression of genes and hence on their respective enzymatic activities. This has been demonstrated for a number of drug metabolizing genes, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 2B17 (UGT2B17) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), which are subject to genetic heterogeneity, including CNV. Quantitative assays to assess gene copy number are therefore becoming an integral part of accurate genotype assessment and phenotype prediction. METHODS In this study, we evaluated a microfluidics-based system, the Bio-Rad Experion system, to determine the power and utility of this platform to detect UGT2B17 and SULT1A1 CNV in DNA samples derived from blood and tissue. UGT2B17 is known to present with 0, 1 or 2 and SULT1A1 with up to 5 gene copies. RESULTS Distinct clustering (p<0.001) into copy number groups was achieved for both genes. DNA samples derived from blood exhibited less inter-run variability compared to DNA samples obtained from liver tissue. This variability may be caused by tissue-specific PCR inhibitors as it could be overcome by using DNA from another tissue, or after the DNA had undergone whole genome amplification. CONCLUSIONS This method produced results comparable to those reported for other quantitative test platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaedigk
- Section of Developmental Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108 , USA.
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31
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Nørskov MS, Frikke-Schmidt R, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Loft S, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Copy number variation in glutathione-S-transferase T1 and M1 predicts incidence and 5-year survival from prostate and bladder cancer, and incidence of corpus uteri cancer in the general population. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:292-9. [PMID: 20514077 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) and GSTM1 detoxify carcinogens and thus potentially contribute to inter-individual susceptibility to cancer. We determined the ability of GST copy number variation (CNV) to predict the risk of cancer in the general population. Exact copy numbers of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were measured by real-time PCR in 10 247 individuals, of whom 2090 had cancer. In men, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer increased and the cumulative 5-year survival decreased with decreasing GSTT1 copy numbers (trends=0.02). The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for prostate cancer and for death after prostate cancer diagnosis were, respectively, 1.2 (0.8-1.8) and 1.2 (0.6-2.1) for GSTT1*1/0, and 1.8 (1.1-3.0) and 2.2 (1.1-4.4) for GSTT1*0/0 versus GSTT1*1/1. In women, the cumulative incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased with decreasing GSTT1 copy numbers (trend=0.04). The HRs for corpus uteri cancer were, respectively, 1.8 (1.0-3.2) and 2.2 (1.0-4.6) for GSTT1*1/0 and GSTT1*0/0 versus GSTT1*1/1. Finally, the cumulative incidence of bladder cancer increased, and the cumulative 5-year survival decreased, with decreasing GSTM1 copy numbers (P=0.03-0.05). The HRs for bladder cancer were, respectively, 1.5 (0.7-3.2) and 2.0 (0.9-4.3) for GSTM1*1/0 and GSTM1*0/0 versus GSTM1*1/1. The HR for death after bladder cancer diagnosis was 1.9 (1.0-3.7) for GSTM1*0/0 versus GSTM1*1/0. In conclusion, exact CNV in GSTT1 and GSTM1 predict incidence and 5-year survival from prostate and bladder cancer, and incidence of corpus uteri cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nørskov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Mo Z, Gao Y, Cao Y, Gao F, Jian L. An updating meta-analysis of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer: a HuGE review. Prostate 2009; 69:662-88. [PMID: 19143011 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been postulated that individuals with GSTM1, GSTT1 deficiency and, GSTP1 (105Ile/Val transition) have increased susceptibility to carcinogens and are more likely to develop prostate cancer. In recent years, GST status has been extensively studied as a prostate cancer risk factor; however, the results are inconsistent. To re-examine this controversy, we have undertaken an updating meta-analysis of 29 studies with GSTM1 genotyping (4,564 prostate cancer cases and 5,464 controls), 22 studies with GSTT1 genotyping (3,837 cases and 4,552 controls), and 24 studies with GSTP1 genotyping (5,301 cases and 5,621 controls). The random effects odds ratio was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.15, 1.55; I(2) = 68.9%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00] for the GSTM1 null versus present genotype and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.27; I(2) = 68.2%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00) for the GSTT1 null versus present genotype, and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.24; I(2) = 71.5%, P for heterogeneity = 0.00) for the GSTP1-Val versus GSTP1-Ile allele. For GSTM1 polymorphism, similar results reached in Caucasians and Asians, with exception for Africans. No association between GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk was detected in different racial. In conclusion, the major finding of our study suggested that GSTM1 polymorphism conferred an increasing risk of prostate cancer on a wide population basis, however, no relationship was found between GSTT1 and GSTP1 status and the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Abstract
The human GSTM gene family is composed of five gene members, GSTM1-5, and plays an important role in detoxification. In this study, the human GSTM5 gene was found to have a long inverted repeat (LIR) in intron 5. The LIR is able to form a stem-loop structure with a 31-bp stem and a 9-nt loop. The intronic LIR was also identified in other primates but not in non-primates. The human and chimpanzee LIRs had undergone compensating mutations that make the stem loop more stable, suggesting a functional role for the LIR. Sequence homology showed that the LIR was actually a part of inverted exons acquired by the intron. Results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that the inverted exons were derived from exon 5 of GSTM4 and exon 5 of GSTM1. The intronic LIR and inverted GSTM exons can probably introduce complexity in the expression of GSTM gene family.
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35
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Sivonová M, Waczulíková I, Dobrota D, Matáková T, Hatok J, Racay P, Kliment J. Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase M1, T1, P1 and the risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:32. [PMID: 19265530 PMCID: PMC2654432 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferases (GST) could predispose to prostate cancer through a heritable deficiency in detoxification pathways for environmental carcinogens. Yet, studies linking GST polymorphism and prostate cancer have so far failed to unambiguously establish this relation in patients. A retrospective study on healthy, unrelated subjects was conducted in order to estimate the population GST genotype frequencies in the Slovak population of men and compare our results with already published data (GSEC project-Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens). A further aim of the study was to evaluate polymorphisms in GST also in patients with prostate cancer in order to compare the evaluated proportions with those found in the control subjects. Methods We determined the GST genotypes in 228 healthy, unrelated subjects who attended regular prostate cancer screening between May 2005 and June 2007 and in 129 histologically verified prostate cancer patients. Analysis for the GST gene polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. Results We found that the GST frequencies are not significantly different from those estimated in a European multicentre study or from the results published by another group in Slovakia. Our results suggest that Val/Val genotype of GSTP1 gene could modulate the risk of prostate cancer, even if this association did not reach statistical significance. We did not observe significantly different crude rates of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in the men diagnosed with prostate cancer and those in the control group. Conclusion Understanding the contribution of GST gene polymorphisms and their interactions with other relevant factors may improve screening diagnostic assays for prostate cancer. We therefore discuss issues of study feasibility, study design, and statistical power, which should be taken into account in planning further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sivonová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University, Jessenius School of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia.
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36
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Huang RS, Chen P, Wisel S, Duan S, Zhang W, Cook EH, Das S, Cox NJ, Dolan ME. Population-specific GSTM1 copy number variation. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:366-72. [PMID: 18948376 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the major glutathione conjugation enzymes, GSTM1 detoxifies a number of drugs and xenobiotics. Its expression and activity have been shown to correlate both with cancer risks and drug resistance. Through a genome-wide association study, we identified a significant association between HapMap SNP rs366631 and GSTM1 expression. In this study, utilizing lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from International HapMap Consortium CEU and YRI populations, we designed and performed site-specific genotyping assays for both rs366631 and a highly homologous GSTM1 upstream site. Copy number variation (CNV) assays were performed for three different regions of the GSTM1 gene. We demonstrated that HapMap SNP rs366631 is a non-polymorphic site. The false genotyping call arises from sequence homology, a common GSTM1 region deletion and a non-specific genotyping platform used to identify the SNP. However, the HapMap call for rs366631 genotype is an indicator of GSTM1 upstream region deletion. Furthermore, this upstream deletion can be used as a marker of GSTM1 gene deletion. Using a novel GSTM1 CNV assay, we showed a population-specific CNV in this region upstream of the gene. More than 75% of the Caucasian (CEU) samples exhibit GSTM1 deletion and none contain two copies of GSTM1. In contrast, up to 25% of African (YRI) samples were found to have two copies of GSTM1. In conclusion, HapMap rs366631 is a pseudo-SNP that can be used as a GSTM1 deletion marker. Both the pseudo-SNP allele frequency and GSTM1 upstream region CNV show population-specific patterns between CEU and YRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stephanie Huang
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., PB Box MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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