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Liu T, Liu CA, Wei YP, Song MM, Zhang Q, Song Y, Chen P, Liu LS, Wang BY, Shi HP. Deciphering the folate puzzle: Unraveling the impact of genetic variations and metabolites on cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1225-1236. [PMID: 38783579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and its role in folate metabolism, impacting serum folate metabolites like THF and 5-MTHF, is a critical but underexplored area in cancer research. This nested case-control study utilized data from CHHRS, involving 87,492 hypertensive adults without prior cancer. During a median of 2.02 years, we identified 1332 cancer cases and matched controls based on age, sex, and residency. Serum levels of folate, THF, and 5-MTHF were measured, and the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was considered. Statistical analyses included restricted cubic spline regression and conditional logistic regression models. Serum THF levels were inversely associated with overall cancer risk (ORper SD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82-0.99), while 5-MTHF levels showed a negative association in the general cohort (ORQ3 vs. Q1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.96; ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58-0.98) and in individuals with MTHFR C677T (CC + CT) polymorphism (ORper SD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61-0.98), but a positive association in the MTHFR C677T (TT) subgroup (ORper SD = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02-3.72; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06-8.21). The impact of folate, THF, and 5-MTHF on cancer risk varied significantly across different cancer types and MTHFR C677T genotypes. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of folate and its metabolites on cancer risk, influenced by genetic factors like the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-An Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wei
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yun Song
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Shun Liu
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin-Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Maslarinou A, Manolopoulos VG, Ragia G. Pharmacogenomic-guided dosing of fluoropyrimidines beyond DPYD: time for a polygenic algorithm? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184523. [PMID: 37256234 PMCID: PMC10226670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines are chemotherapeutic agents widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Commonly prescribed FPs include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrugs capecitabine (CAP) and tegafur. Bioconversion of 5-FU prodrugs to 5-FU and subsequent metabolic activation of 5-FU are required for the formation of fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP) and fluorouridine triphosphate, the active nucleotides through which 5-FU exerts its antimetabolite actions. A significant proportion of FP-treated patients develop severe or life-threatening, even fatal, toxicity. It is well known that FP-induced toxicity is governed by genetic factors, with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), the rate limiting enzyme in 5-FU catabolism, being currently the cornerstone of FP pharmacogenomics. DPYD-based dosing guidelines exist to guide FP chemotherapy suggesting significant dose reductions in DPYD defective patients. Accumulated evidence shows that additional variations in other genes implicated in FP pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics increase risk for FP toxicity, therefore taking into account more gene variations in FP dosing guidelines holds promise to improve FP pharmacotherapy. In this review we describe the current knowledge on pharmacogenomics of FP-related genes, beyond DPYD, focusing on FP toxicity risk and genetic effects on FP dose reductions. We propose that in the future, FP dosing guidelines may be expanded to include a broader ethnicity-based genetic panel as well as gene*gene and gender*gene interactions towards safer FP prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Maslarinou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine and Pharmacological Research Solutions Center, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Kobylarek D, Szymanowicz O, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Selected Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disorders in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4132-4149. [PMID: 37039942 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases can be broadly divided according to causal factors into circulatory system disorders leading to ischemic stroke; degeneration of the nerve cells leading to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, and immune system disorders; bioelectric activity (epileptic) problems; and genetically determined conditions as well as viral and bacterial infections developing inflammation. Regardless of the cause of neurological diseases, they are usually accompanied by disturbances of the central energy in a completely unexplained mechanism. The brain makes up only 2% of the human body's weight; however, while working, it uses as much as 20% of the energy obtained by the body. The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and regulatory mechanisms in the brain operate to ensure adequate neuronal activity. Therefore, an understanding of neuroenergetics is rapidly evolving from a "neurocentric" view to a more integrated picture involving cooperativity between structural and molecular factors in the central nervous system. This article reviewed selected molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and energy metabolism disorders such as homocysteine, DNA damage such as 8-oxo2dG, genetic variants, and antioxidants such as glutathione in selected neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and epilepsy. This review summarizes our and others' recent research on oxidative stress in neurological disorders. In the future, the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases may be substantially improved by identifying specific early markers of metabolic and energy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
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Cevik M, Namal E, Sener ND, Koksal UI, Cagatay P, Deliorman G, Ciftci C, Karaalp A, Susleyici B. Investigation of DPYD, MTHFR and TYMS polymorphisms on 5-fluorouracil related toxicities in colorectal cancer. Per Med 2022; 19:435-444. [PMID: 35880438 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association of DPYD, MTHFR and TYMS polymorphisms on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) related toxicities and patient survival. Materials & methods: A total of 103 colorectal cancer patients prescribed 5-FU were included in the study. Genotyping was conducted for several DPYD, MTHFR and TYMS polymorphisms using a microarray analyzer. Results: DPYD 496A>G polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with 5-FU related grade 0-2, but not severe toxicities (p = 0.02). Furthermore, patients with DPYD 85TC and CC genotypes had longer progression and overall survival times compared to TT genotypes in our study group (log rank = 6.60, p = 0.01 and log rank = 4.40, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: According to our results, DPYD 496AG and GG genotypes might be protective against severe adverse events compared to the AA genotype. Another DPYD polymorphism, 85T>C, may be useful in colorectal cancer prognosis. Further studies for both polymorphisms should be conducted in larger populations to achieve accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Cevik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Marmara University Faculty of Arts and Science, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Esat Namal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Demiroglu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34394, Turkey
| | - Nur Dinc Sener
- Department of Medical Oncology, Demiroglu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34394, Turkey
| | | | - Penbe Cagatay
- Department of Medical Services & Technics, Vocational School of Health Service, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
| | - Gokce Deliorman
- Department of Software Engineering, Beykoz University Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Cavlan Ciftci
- Department of Cardiology, Demiroglu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34394, Turkey
| | - Atila Karaalp
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Belgin Susleyici
- Department of Molecular Biology, Marmara University Faculty of Arts and Science, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
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Ioannou C, Ragia G, Balgkouranidou I, Xenidis N, Amarantidis K, Koukaki T, Biziota E, Kakolyris S, Manolopoulos VG. MTHFR c.665C>T guided fluoropyrimidine therapy in cancer: gender-dependent effect on dose requirements. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022; 37:323-327. [PMID: 35272420 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fluoropyrimidine derivatives 5-Fluorouracil and Capecitabine are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. Fluoropyrimidine metabolism involves a cascade of different enzymes, including MTHFR enzyme. MTHFR c.665C>T polymorphism, leading to decreased MTHFR activity, is a potential pharmacogenomic marker for fluoropyrimidine drug response. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of MTHFR c.665C>T polymorphism with fluoropyrimidine response in terms of therapy induced adverse events (AEs), requirement of dose reduction and delayed drug administration or therapy discontinuation. METHODS The study group consisted of 313 fluoropyrimidine-treated cancer patients. PCR-RFLP was used to analyze MTHFR c.665C>T polymorphism. RESULTS In female patients, MTHFR c.665 CT and TT genotypes were associated with dose reduction (p=0.029). In gender stratification, regression analysis adjusted for age of disease onset, body surface area and AE incidence, showed that MTHFR CT and TT genotypes increased both need for fluoropyrimidine dose reduction (OR 5.050, 95% CI 1.346-18.948, p=0.016) and percentage of dose reduction (β=3.318, 95% C.I. 1.056-5.580, p=0.004) in female patients. Such differences were not present in male patients. No other associations were found. CONCLUSIONS MTHFR c.665C>T polymorphism was associated with fluoropyrimidine dose reduction in female cancer patients. This gender*MTHFR interaction merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampia Ioannou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Balgkouranidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xenidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Amarantidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koukaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Biziota
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kakolyris
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Tabatabaei-Panah PS, Moravvej H, Hajihasani M, Mousavi M, Ludwig RJ, Akbarzadeh R. The MCP-1 rs1024611 and MTHFR rs1801133 gene variations and expressions in alopecia areata: A pilot study. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:209-217. [PMID: 34752683 PMCID: PMC8767509 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is highly expressed by lymphocytes at skin sites affected by alopecia areata (AA). Variations in MCP‐1 as well as in methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a key enzyme related to many inflammatory pathologies, have been associated with several autoimmune disorders. This study was designed to test a possible association between MCP‐1 and MTHFR variations and altered expression of their genes and the risk of AA. Methods Blood samples of patients (60) suffering from AA as well as healthy subjects (60) were collected. Gene expression levels of MCP‐1 and MTHFR were evaluated by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, MCP‐1 rs1024611 (A‐2518G) and MTHFR rs1801133 (C677T) polymorphisms were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. Results In contrast to MCP‐1, the MTHFR gene expression was found to be significantly higher in patients than in controls. Further stratification of the patients revealed that polymorphic genotypes in MCP‐1 (AG + GG) and MTHFR (CT + TT) could significantly alter gene expression levels. Elevation of MCP‐1 expression was significantly associated with the total number of variant MCP‐1 and MTHFR alleles. However, no statistically significant difference was noticed in the genotypic distribution of MCP‐1 and MTHFR variations between patients and controls. Conclusion In summary, despite MCP‐1 rs1024611 and MTHFR rs1801133 variations are not associated with AA risk, they may implicate the disease pathogenesis by influencing MCP‐1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Moravvej
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajihasani
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mousavi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dong X, Wang J, Wang G, Wang J, Wang L, Du Y. MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism on stroke risk: an updated meta-analysis. Genes Environ 2021; 43:40. [PMID: 34563265 PMCID: PMC8467014 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the effect of MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism on stroke risk. But the results of published studies remained inconclusive and controversial. So we conducted a meta-analysis to accurately estimate the potential association between MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism and stroke susceptibility. Methods A systematic literature search on Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang electronic database identified 40 articles including 5725 cases and 8655 controls. Strength of association was evaluated by pooled odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value. Funnel plots and Begger’s regression test were applied for testing the publication bias. Statistical analysis of all data was performed by Stata 12.0. Results The meta-analysis results indicated a significant relationship between MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphisms and stoke risk under the C allelic genetic model (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.07–1.32, p = 0.001), dominant genetic model (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.06–1.33, p = 0.004) and recessive genetic model (OR = 1.43, 95%CI =1.15–1.77, p = 0.001). In subgroup analysis, we discovered obvious correlation in three genetic model of Asian, stroke type, adult by ethnicity, population, stroke type, source of control and case size. Additionally, in studies of control from hospital and case size equal 100, obvious correlation was also found in the three genetic model. Conclusions Our meta-analysis results indicated that there was evidence to support the correlation between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and stroke susceptibility, especially in adults and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Dong
- The Third department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Area 1, Fangxing Garden Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gesheng Wang
- The Third department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Area 1, Fangxing Garden Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Jiayue Wang
- The Third department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Area 1, Fangxing Garden Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Third department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Area 1, Fangxing Garden Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Yong Du
- The Third department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Area 1, Fangxing Garden Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
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Petrone I, Bernardo PS, dos Santos EC, Abdelhay E. MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer, Gliomas and Gastric Cancer: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:587. [PMID: 33920562 PMCID: PMC8073588 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is found in some water-soluble foods or as a synthetic form of folic acid and is involved in many essential biochemical processes. Dietary folate is converted into tetrahydrofolate, a vital methyl donor for most methylation reactions, including DNA methylation. 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in the folate metabolism pathway that converts 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which produces a methyl donor for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. MTHFR polymorphisms result in reduced enzyme activity and altered levels of DNA methylation and synthesis. MTHFR polymorphisms have been linked to increased risks of several pathologies, including cancer. Breast cancer, gliomas and gastric cancer are highly heterogeneous and aggressive diseases associated with high mortality rates. The impact of MTHFR polymorphisms on these tumors remains controversial in the literature. This review discusses the relationship between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and the increased risk of breast cancer, gliomas, and gastric cancer. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of ethnic and dietary aspects of population-based studies and histological stratification of highly heterogeneous tumors. Finally, this review discusses these aspects as potential factors responsible for the controversial literature concerning MTHFR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Petrone
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.); (E.A.)
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Oncology, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil;
| | - Paula Sabbo Bernardo
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Oncology, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Molecular Hemato-Oncology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil
| | - Everton Cruz dos Santos
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.); (E.A.)
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Oncology, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil;
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants, Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil; (E.C.d.S.); (E.A.)
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Oncology, INCA, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil;
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9
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Conti V, De Bellis E, Manzo V, Sabbatino F, Iannello F, Dal Piaz F, Izzo V, Charlier B, Stefanelli B, Torsiello M, Iannaccone T, Coglianese A, Colucci F, Pepe S, Filippelli A. A Genotyping/Phenotyping Approach with Careful Clinical Monitoring to Manage the Fluoropyrimidines-Based Therapy: Clinical Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030113. [PMID: 32899374 PMCID: PMC7564232 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines (FP) are mainly metabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), encoded by the DPYD gene. FP pharmacogenetics, including four DPYD polymorphisms (DPYD-PGx), is recommended to tailor the FP-based chemotherapy. These polymorphisms increase the risk of severe toxicity; thus, the DPYD-PGx should be performed prior to starting FP. Other factors influence FP safety, therefore phenotyping methods, such as the measurement of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) clearance and DPD activity, could complement the DPYD-PGx. We describe a case series of patients in whom we performed DPYD-PGx (by real-time PCR), 5-FU clearance and a dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (as the phenotyping analysis) and a continuous clinical monitoring. Patients who had already experienced severe toxicity were then identified as carriers of DPYD variants. The plasmatic dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)) ranged between 1.77 and 7.38. 5-FU clearance (by ultra-HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry) was measured in 3/11 patients. In one of them, it reduced after the 5-FU dosage was halved; in the other case, it remained high despite a drastic dosage reduction. Moreover, we performed a systematic review on genotyping/phenotyping combinations used as predictive factors of FP safety. Measuring the plasmatic 5-FU clearance and/or dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/U) ratio could improve the predictive potential of DPYD-PGx. The upfront DPYD-PGx combined with clinical monitoring and feasible phenotyping method is essential to optimising FP-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Bellis
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.D.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.D.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-672-424
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannello
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Bruno Charlier
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Berenice Stefanelli
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.D.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Martina Torsiello
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.D.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Teresa Iannaccone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Albino Coglianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesca Colucci
- Postgraduate School in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.D.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (F.S.); (F.D.P.); (V.I.); (B.C.); (T.I.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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Ullah N, Mansoor A, Micheal S, Mirza B, Qamar R, Mazhar K, Siddiqi S. MTHFR polymorphisms as risk for male infertility in Pakistan and its comparison with socioeconomic status in the world. Per Med 2019; 16:35-49. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: 5,10-MTHFR-single nucleotide polymorphisms are important for normal functioning of the enzyme that plays a key role in DNA synthesis, folate metabolism and methylation reactions. Methodology & results: Male infertility association of C665T and A1298C polymorphisms was explored, this topic is still debatable. Infertile men (232) and controls (114) were genotyped and statistically analyzed. Comparison of patients (6180) and controls (5744) of Caucasian populations was performed by meta-analysis. Pooled results showed A1298C minor allele and homozygous genotype to be of a significantly higher frequency in the low-income group. Increase in per capita income has shown an increasing trend in the minor allele frequency in various world populations, potentially due to dietry-folate compensation. Conclusion: A1298C seems more relevant marker than C665T for infertility association in Caucasian populations and may be addressed by improving dietary folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ullah
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB & GE), 24 Mauve Area, G9/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Atika Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB & GE), 24 Mauve Area, G9/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Micheal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Mazhar
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB & GE), 24 Mauve Area, G9/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB & GE), 24 Mauve Area, G9/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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11
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Elwasify M, Elwasify M, Mostafa M, Saleh E, Hamdey I, Barakat D. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and executive functions in a sample of Egyptian children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000542437.67434.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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13
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DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T predict toxicity and efficacy, respectively, in patients on chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil for colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 81:119-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism in endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 54:546-50. [PMID: 26522108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis of case-controlled prospective or retrospective studies to assess the effect of MTHFR polymorphisms on the risk of developing endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched (up to March 2014) for prospective or retrospective case-controlled studies that investigated the association of three MTHFR polymorphisms (rs180113 [C677T], rs1801131 [A1289C], and rs2274976 [G1793A]) with endometrial cancer. RESULTS The patient population included subjects from three separate countries: China, Spain, and the USA. Only one study reported quantitative findings for MTHFR G1793A and, consequently, this polymorphism was not evaluated in our analysis. There were no significant associations of any MTHFR C677T or MTHFR A1298C alleles or genotypes with endometrial cancer (all p > 0.300). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis does not support the association of endometrial cancer with two common MTHFR polymorphisms from this patient population.
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15
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The role of pharmacogenetics in capecitabine efficacy and toxicity. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 50:9-22. [PMID: 27569869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and approved for treatment of various malignancies. Hereditary genetic variants may affect a drug's pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics and account for differences in treatment response and adverse events among patients. In this review we present the current knowledge on genetic variants, commonly single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), tested in cohorts of cancer patients and possibly useful for prediction of capecitabine efficacy or toxicity. Capecitabine is activated to 5-FU by CES, CDA and TYMP, of which SNPs in CDA and CES2 were found to be associated with efficacy and toxicity. In addition, variants in genes of the 5-FU metabolic pathway, including TYMS, MTHFR and DPYD also influenced capecitabine efficacy and toxicity. In particular, well-known SNPs in TYMS and DPYD as well as putative DPYD SNPs had an association with clinical outcome as well as adverse events. Inconsistent findings may be attributable to factors related to ethnic differences, sample size, study design, study endpoints, dosing schedule and the use of multiple agents. Of the SNPs described in this review, dose reduction of fluoropyrimidines based on the presence of DPYD variants *2A (rs3918290), *13 (rs55886062), -2846A>T (rs67376798) and -1236G>A/HapB3 (rs56038477) has already been recommended. Other variants merit further validation to establish their definite role in explanation of interindividual differences in the outcome of capecitabine-based therapy.
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Nikzad H, Karimian M, Sareban K, Khoshsokhan M, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A. MTHFR-Ala222Val and male infertility: a study in Iranian men, an updated meta-analysis and an in silico-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:668-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Liu R, Zhao X, Liu X, Chen Z, Qiu L, Geng R, Guo W, He G, Yin J, Li J, Zhu X. Influences of ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and MTHFR polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients treated with EOF chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1753-62. [PMID: 26314858 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between genetic polymorphisms of six genes involved in DNA repair, detoxification pathways, and fluoropyrimidine metabolism and clinical outcomes in MGC patients receiving EOF treatment. This retrospective study included 108 Chinese MGC patients receiving EOF as first-line chemotherapy. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of six genes (ERCC1 rs2298881, ERCC2 rs13181 and rs1799793, XRCC1 rs25487 and rs25489, GSTP1 rs1695, GSTT1 rs2266637, and MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131) were genotyped, and the associations between each SNP and clinical outcome were analyzed. XRCC1 rs25487 A allele was significantly associated with progression disease (PD) to EOF (p = 0.002), and patients with AA genotype had significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.041) compared with patients with the G allele (GG + GA). ERCC2 rs13181 G allele was significantly associated with PD (p = 0.026), and G carriers (GG + GT) tended to have poorer PFS (p = 0.092) than TT homozygotes. ERCC2 rs1799793 GA genotype was associated with unfavorable PFS (p = 0.034) and a tendency toward poorer OS (p = 0.090) compared with GG homozygotes. Patients were categorized as either good (0 risk factors) or poor risk (≥1 unfavorable SNPs) using a prognostic index based on XRCC1 rs25487 AA, ERCC2 rs13181 (GG + GT), and ERCC2 rs1799793 GA genotypes, with median OS and PFS of 534 days, 281 days (p = 0.009) and 206 days, and 123 days (p < 0.001), respectively. These results suggest that the prognostic index comprising XRCC1 rs25487, ERCC2 rs13181, and rs1799793 polymorphisms may be a useful predictor of clinical outcomes in MGC treated with EOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiliang Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Moya P, Corominas H, Salazar J, Baiget M. Consensus on the use of methotrexate beyond the clinical recommendation: Adjusted dose and pharmacogenetics. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2015; 11:261-262. [PMID: 25622544 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moya
- Unitat de Reumatologia, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
| | - Hèctor Corominas
- Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
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Zhuo X, Song J, Li D, Wu Y, Zhou Q. MTHFR C677T polymorphism interaction with heavy alcohol consumption increases head and neck carcinoma risk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10671. [PMID: 26035704 PMCID: PMC4451849 DOI: 10.1038/srep10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MTHFR C677T polymorphism has been indicated to be a risk factor for cancers, but its association with head and neck cancer (HNC) risk remains inconclusive. In the present study, we aimed to get a more precise estimation by performing a quantitative meta-analysis. Published papers up to Jun 2014 was searched and screened. Necessary information was rigorously extracted for data pooling and analyzing, and then, subgroup analyses on ethnicity, source of controls, sample size, tumor type, smoking and drinking status were also carried out. As a result, twenty-three case-control studies including 14298 subjects were included. The overall data failed to reveal a significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and HNC risk (homozygote comparison model: OR = 1.16; 95%CI = 0.93-1.45; dominant model: OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.90-1.21; recessive model: OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.93-1.38). However, in the subgroup analysis about drinking status, increase risk was shown in the heavy drinking subgroup (TT vs CC: OR = 3.11; 95%CI = 1.52-3.02). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Homozygous TT alleles of MTHFR C677T polymorphism might be a risk factor for HNC among individuals who have a heavy drinking history. Further studies are needed to get a more definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jue Song
- Physical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
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20
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Superior vena cava syndrome and colon carcinoma: a report of a multifactorial association. Case Rep Oncol Med 2015; 2015:345804. [PMID: 25810936 PMCID: PMC4355600 DOI: 10.1155/2015/345804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome results from the obstruction of blood flow through the SVC, having distinct pathophysiological underlying mechanisms. Cancer is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism that varies according to patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. An individualized clinical approach is important to pursue the accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathology causing thromboembolism in cancer patients. Case Presentation. The authors present a case of a 58-year-old male with an infrequent presentation of an unknown colon carcinoma, who has never had any symptom until he was hospitalized with the diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome and pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient had an advanced disease by the time of diagnosis and molecular alterations contributing to abnormal hemostasis. He presented venous and arterial thromboembolism and developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy after surgery, anticoagulant and transfusion therapy, dying 40 days after the hospitalization. Conclusion. The authors discuss thromboembolic disease and tumor metastasis roles in a cancer patient with SVC syndrome. Thromboembolism in a malignancy context is a challenging clinical entity. A multifactorial perspective of the thrombotic disease is warranted to approach thromboembolism risk and stratify patients suitable to receive adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis and targeted therapies, aiming to improve clinical prognosis.
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Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms in three folate-related enzyme genes and male infertility in the Chinese population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:369-74. [PMID: 25578539 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the possible association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the three folate-related enzyme genes: MTHFR C677T and A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G, with male infertility in the Chinese population. METHODS The polymorphic distributions of the four SNPs (MTHFR C677T and A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G) were investigated by the method of SNaPshot in a Chinese cohort including 296 idiopathic infertile males with azoospermia or oligozoospermia and 204 fertile males. RESULTS We found no evidence for an association between any of these variants (MTHFR C677T and A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G) and male infertility. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence for an association between male infertility and polymorphism of the three folate-related enzyme genes in the Chinese population.
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MTHFR-1298 A>C (rs1801131) is a predictor of survival in two cohorts of stage II/III colorectal cancer patients treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy with or without oxaliplatin. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:219-25. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stevens A, De Leonibus C, Hanson D, Whatmore A, Murray P, Donn R, Meyer S, Chatelain P, Clayton P. Pediatric perspective on pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:1889-905. [PMID: 24236488 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in high-throughput genomic technologies have improved the understanding of disease pathophysiology and have allowed a better characterization of drug response and toxicity based on individual genetic make up. Pharmacogenomics is being recognized as a valid approach used to identify patients who are more likely to respond to medication, or those in whom there is a high probability of developing severe adverse drug reactions. An increasing number of pharmacogenomic studies are being published, most include only adults. A few studies have shown the impact of pharmacogenomics in pediatrics, highlighting a key difference between children and adults, which is the contribution of developmental changes to therapeutic responses across different age groups. This review focuses on pharmacogenomic research in pediatrics, providing examples from common pediatric conditions and emphasizing their developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stevens
- Institute of Human Development, Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester & Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 5th Floor Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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A retrospective comparative exploratory study on two methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms in esophagogastric cancer: the A1298C MTHFR polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor only in neoadjuvantly treated gastric cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:58. [PMID: 24490800 PMCID: PMC3922603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a major role in folate metabolism and consequently could be an important factor for the efficacy of a treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of two well characterized constitutional MTHFR gene polymorphisms for primarily resected and neoadjuvantly treated esophagogastric adenocarcinomas. Methods 569 patients from two centers were analyzed (gastric cancer: 218, carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG II, III): 208 and esophagus (AEG I): 143). 369 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, 200 patients were resected without preoperative treatment. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were determined in DNA from peripheral blood lymphozytes. Associations with prognosis, response and clinicopathological factors were analyzed retrospectively within a prospective database (chi-square, log-rank, cox regression). Results Only the MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms had prognostic relevance in neoadjuvantly treated patients but it was not a predictor for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The AC genotype of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms was significantly associated with worse outcome (p = 0.02, HR 1.47 (1.06-2.04). If neoadjuvantly treated patients were analyzed based on their tumor localization, the AC genotype of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms was a significant negative prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer according to UICC 6th edition (gastric cancer including AEG type II, III: HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-2.0, p = 0.001) and 7th edition (gastric cancer without AEG II, III: HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.7, p = 0.003), not for AEG I. For both definitions of gastric cancer the AC genotype was confirmed as an independent negative prognostic factor in cox regression analysis. In primarily resected patients neither the MTHFR A1298C nor the MTHFR C677T polymorphisms had prognostic impact. Conclusions The MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms was an independent prognostic factor in patients with neoadjuvantly treated gastric adenocarcinomas (according to both UICC 6th or 7th definitions for gastric cancer) but not in AEG I nor in primarily resected patients, which confirms the impact of this enzyme on chemotherapy associated outcome.
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Settin A, El-Baz R, Ismaeel A, Tolba W, Allah WA. Association of ACE and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Susceptibility and complications. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:838-43. [PMID: 24452036 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313516172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS/INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes have been proposed to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with conflicting results. This work was planned in order to check for the association of these polymorphisms with the susceptibility for and complications of T2DM among Egyptian cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a case controlled study involving 203 patients with T2DM and 311 healthy controls. Polymorphic variants of ACE I>D and MTHFR (677 C>T and 1298 A>C) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction analysis technique. RESULTS The susceptibility to T2DM was higher among subjects having the MTHFR 677TT (odds ratio (OR)=2.2, p=0.01), MTHFR 1298 AA (OR=1.84, p=0.001) and ACE (ID+II) (OR=2.0, p=0.0007) genotypes. Logistic regression analysis showed that MTHFR 677T allele was a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR=3.47, p<0.001), diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) (OR=5.2, p<0.0001) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR=2.9, p<0.05), while MTHFR 1298 C allele was a risk factor for DR (OR=4.2, p<0.001) and the ACE DD genotype was a risk factor for DPN (OR=3.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The MTHFR 677 TT genotype was associated with T2DM susceptibility and complications (DR, DPN and IHD). The MTHFR 1298 CC, AC and ACE DD genotypes were associated with DR and DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wafaa Tolba
- Zoology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt
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An importance of identification of double variant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T and A1298C in cis configuration for pharmacogenetic studies. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013; 24:784-6. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e3283642d5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dogan M, Karabulut HG, Tukun A, Demirkazik A, Utkan G, Yalcin B, Dincol D, Akbulut H, Icli F. Relationship between antimetabolite toxicity and pharmacogenetics in Turkish cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1553-6. [PMID: 22799365 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimetabolites may cause severe toxicity and even toxic death in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between antimetabolite toxicity and pharmacogenetics in patients with severe clinical toxicity or alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation after fluorouracil (5FU), capecitabine or methotrexate administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cancer patients with severe antimetabolite toxicity were evaluated for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C667T, thymidilate synthase (TS) gene 5' UTR variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), dihydroprymidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene IVS14+1G/A, Xeroderma pigmentosum (XPD) gene Lys751Gln and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene Arg399Gln polymorphisms. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled, with a male/female ratio of 0.8. They had osteosarcoma in methotrexate group (n=7), gastrointestinal malignancies in 5FU group (n=9) and breast cancer in the capecitabine group (n=2). Mucositis and dermatitis occurred in all groups, together with ALT elevation in the methotrexate group and 2 toxic deaths were encountered. DPYD, TS, MTHFR, XPD and XRCC1 gene polymorphism rare allele frequencies were observed to be higher than in the general population. CONCLUSION Pharmacogenetics might contribute to tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Dogan
- Dept of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chellat D, Rezgoune ML, Hamane D, Semmame O, Benlatrèche C, Abadi N, Satta D. Influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphisms in Algerian infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 16:874-8. [PMID: 22928696 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The C677T allele of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been suggested to represent a risk factor for male infertility. To confirm this association, the distribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism C677T was investigated in idiopathic infertile Algerian patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) or severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). A case-control study was carried out, including 74 idiopathic infertile Algerian patients with NOA (n=46) or severe OAT (n=28) and 84 fertile men as controls. Polymorphism C677T was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The frequency of genotypes MTHFR 677CC, 677CT, and 677TT in idiopathic infertile men with NOA was 43.48%, 41.30%, and 15.22%; 39.29%, 50%, and 10.71% regarding the severe oligozoospermic men; and 42.86%, 45.24%, and 11.90% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the C677T MTHFR polymorphism is not a risk factor for idiopathic male subfertility in an Algerian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalila Chellat
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Mentouri Constantine, Constantine, Algeria.
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El-Baz R, Settin A, Ismaeel A, Khaleel AA, Abbas T, Tolba W, Abd Allah W, Sobh MAEK. MTHFR C677T, A1298C and ACE I/D polymorphisms as risk factors for diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:472-477. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312444651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azza Ismaeel
- Zoology Department, Faculty Of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Tarek Abbas
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Tolba
- Zoology Department, Faculty Of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Abd Allah
- Zoology Department, Faculty Of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Deepika Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Plaza-Plaza JC, Aguilera M, Cañadas-Garre M, Chemello C, González-Utrilla A, Faus Dader MJ, Calleja MA. Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms contributing to toxicity induced by methotrexate in the southern Spanish population with rheumatoid arthritis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:589-95. [PMID: 23095111 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common illness of global significance for public health. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most broadly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for the treatment of RA, but it displays marked person-to-person variation in its propensity for toxicity. Several studies have suggested that polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, reduced folate carrier (RFC1) G80A, and ABCB1 C3435T, could be related to methotrexate toxicity. This prospective study examined the different frequencies of MTHFR, RFC1, and ABCB1 pharmacogenetic variations between patients who have RA and those without RA. We also sought to assess the association between these polymorphisms and MTX toxicity. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped: C677T and A1298C from MTHFR, G80A from RFC1, and C3435T from ABCB1. The efficacy and toxicity of MTX were evaluated through clinical follow-up during 1 year of treatment. RA patients showed a higher frequency of the T allele at MTHFR C677T than patients without RA (p=0.049). There was a significant association between the presence of both the T allele at MTHFR C677T (p=0.006), and the C allele at ABCB1 C3435T (p=0.046), with toxicity development after 12 months of MTX treatment. However, there was no correlation between MTX toxicity and either the A allele at MTHFR A1298C or the G allele at RFC1 A80G. These data suggest that the presence of the MTHFR C677T and ABCB1 C3435T SNPs contribute to MTX toxicity in patients with RA. These observations contribute to a rapidly-growing knowledge base on the pharmacogenetics of RA and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cristian Plaza-Plaza
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain. ,
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MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and cervical carcinoma susceptibility: meta-analyses based on 4421 individuals. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8723-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ruan J, He XJ, Du WD, Chen G, Zhou Y, Xu S, Zuo XB, Fang LB, Cao YX, Zhang XJ. Genetic variants in TEX15 gene conferred susceptibility to spermatogenic failure in the Chinese Han population. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:1190-6. [PMID: 22581801 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112446076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of testis-expressed 15 (TEX15) gene in the Chinese Han infertile men and fertile men. This case-control study comprised 309 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA, n = 199) or severe oligozoospermia (SO, n = 110) and 377 fertile controls. Six SNPs were genotyped by Sequenom iplex technology. The results showed that the variants rs323346 and rs323347 contributed to the increasing risk of SO (P = .041, odds ratio [OR] = 1.635, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.018-2.628 and P = .046, OR = 1.616, 95% CI = 1.006-2.597). The haplotype AT of the SNPs rs323347 and rs323346 could reduce risk in the patients with SO (P = .040, OR = 0.616, and 95% CI = 0.383-0.990). The haplotype GC of the variants rs323347 and rs323346 conferred a significantly increased risk of SO (P = .040, OR = 1.624, 95% CI = 1.010-2.610). Thus, the polymorphisms rs323346 and rs323347 of the TEX15 gene could be considered the genetic risk factors for spermatogenic failure in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ruan
- Key Lab of Genome Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Zhuo X, Ling J, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Song Y, Tan Y. Polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Association With Oral Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:447-52. [PMID: 22536935 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.681820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University,
Chongqing, China,1
- Affiliated hospital of Guiyang Medical College,
Guiyang, China,2
| | - Junjun Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University,
Chongqing, China3
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University,
Chongqing, China,1
| | - Houyu Zhao
- Affiliated hospital of Guiyang Medical College,
Guiyang, China,2
| | - Yufeng Song
- Affiliated hospital of Guiyang Medical College,
Guiyang, China,2
| | - Yinghui Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University,
Chongqing, China,1
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Yang L, Hu X, Xu L. Impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms on methotrexate-induced toxicities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1445-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
DNA hypomethylation was the initial epigenetic abnormality recognized in human tumors. However, for several decades after its independent discovery by two laboratories in 1983, it was often ignored as an unwelcome complication, with almost all of the attention on the hypermethylation of promoters of genes that are silenced in cancers (e.g., tumor-suppressor genes). Because it was subsequently shown that global hypomethylation of DNA in cancer was most closely associated with repeated DNA elements, cancer linked-DNA hypomethylation continued to receive rather little attention. DNA hypomethylation in cancer can no longer be considered an oddity, because recent high-resolution genome-wide studies confirm that DNA hypomethylation is the almost constant companion to hypermethylation of the genome in cancer, just usually (but not always) in different sequences. Methylation changes at individual CpG dyads in cancer can have a high degree of dependence not only on the regional context, but also on neighboring sites. DNA demethylation during carcinogenesis may involve hemimethylated dyads as intermediates, followed by spreading of the loss of methylation on both strands. In this review, active demethylation of DNA and the relationship of cancer-associated DNA hypomethylation to cancer stem cells are discussed. Evidence is accumulating for the biological significance and clinical relevance of DNA hypomethylation in cancer, and for cancer-linked demethylation and de novo methylation being highly dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ehrlich
- Hayward Genetics Program, Department of Biochemistry, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Medical School, 1430 TulaneAvenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Stamp LK, Roberts RL. Effect of genetic polymorphisms in the folate pathway on methotrexate therapy in rheumatic diseases. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 12:1449-63. [PMID: 22008049 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and is frequently used in the management of other forms of inflammatory arthritis. It is currently challenging to predict which patients will achieve adequate disease control and which patients will develop adverse effects while taking MTX. As an analog of dihydrofolic acid, MTX enters cells through the reduced folate carrier-1 protein, and is polyglutamated. MTX polyglutamates inhibit key enzymes in the folate pathway to produce an anti-inflammatory effect. It has been suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the folate pathway may influence intracellular folate and MTX polyglutamates pools, and thus MTX response. However, studies to identify genetic predictors have yielded inconclusive results. Nonreplication across studies has been attributed to insufficient statistical power as well as pharmacological and clinical confounders. Prospective studies, standardizing the definitions of response and toxicity, and application of genome-wide approaches may advance the search for genetic predictors of MTX response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Nagele P. Perioperative genomics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2012; 25:549-55. [PMID: 22099920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project 10 years ago, the world has witnessed an incredible progress in human genetics and genomics.(1) This progress was largely driven by the availability of better, faster and cheaper sequencing technology.(2) While it took more than 10 years and more than 1 billion dollars to complete the Human Genome Project,(3-5) an individual in the year 2011 can have his whole genome sequenced within a week for less than $30,000. With cheaper and faster sequencing came a wealth of novel discoveries which makes it timely to review how these newly found insights into the human genome are relevant for perioperative medicine. This article summarises the basics of genetic inheritance, the human genome and modern sequencing methods, as well as genetic variation and how this knowledge may be applied to patient care and research in the perioperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nagele
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Bochud M, Burnier M, Guessous I. Top Three Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Applications at the Nexus of Renal Pathophysiology and Cardiovascular Medicine. CURRENT PHARMACOGENOMICS AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2011; 9:299-322. [PMID: 23049672 PMCID: PMC3460365 DOI: 10.2174/187569211798377135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is a field with origins in the study of monogenic variations in drug metabolism in the 1950s. Perhaps because of these historical underpinnings, there has been an intensive investigation of 'hepatic pharmacogenes' such as CYP450s and liver drug metabolism using pharmacogenomics approaches over the past five decades. Surprisingly, kidney pathophysiology, attendant diseases and treatment outcomes have been vastly under-studied and under-theorized despite their central importance in maintenance of health, susceptibility to disease and rational personalized therapeutics. Indeed, chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an increasing public health burden worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. Patients with CKD suffer from high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which is mainly attributable to cardiovascular events before reaching end-stage renal disease. In this paper, we focus our analyses on renal function before end-stage renal disease, as seen through the lens of pharmacogenomics and human genomic variation. We herein synthesize the recent evidence linking selected Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIP) to renal function, blood pressure and salt-sensitivity in humans, and ways in which these insights might inform rational personalized therapeutics. Notably, we highlight and present the rationale for three applications that we consider as important and actionable therapeutic and preventive focus areas in renal pharmacogenomics: 1) ACE inhibitors, as a confirmed application, 2) VDR agonists, as a promising application, and 3) moderate dietary salt intake, as a suggested novel application. Additionally, we emphasize the putative contributions of gene-environment interactions, discuss the implications of these findings to treat and prevent hypertension and CKD. Finally, we conclude with a strategic agenda and vision required to accelerate advances in this under-studied field of renal pharmacogenomics with vast significance for global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Genetic and environmental determinants of plasma total homocysteine levels: impact of population-wide folate fortification. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:426-31. [PMID: 21597397 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834741ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folate metabolism is an important target for drug therapy. Drug-induced inhibition of folate metabolism often causes an elevation of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Plasma tHcy levels are influenced by several nongenetic (e.g. folate intake, age, smoking) as well as genetic factors. Over the last decade, several countries have implemented a nationwide folate fortification program of all grain products. This investigation sought to determine the impact of folate fortification on the relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors to the variability of plasma tHcy. METHODS Two cohorts were compared in this study, one from the United States (with folate fortification, n=281) and one from Austria (without folate fortification, n=139). Several environmental factors as well as previously identified gene variants important for tHcy levels (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTRR A66G) were examined for their ability to predict plasma tHcy in a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS Nongenetic, environmental factors had a comparable influence on plasma tHcy between the two cohorts (R: approximately 0.19). However, after adjusting for other covariates, the tested gene variants had a substantially smaller impact among patients from the folate-fortified cohort (R=0.021) compared with the nonfolate-fortified cohort (R=0.095). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was the single most important genetic factor. Male sex, smoking, and folate levels were important predictors for nonfolate-fortified patients; age was for folate-fortified patients. CONCLUSION Population wide folate fortification had a significant effect on the variability of plasma tHcy and reduced the influence of genetic factors, most importantly the MTHFR 677TT genotype, and may be an important confounder for a personalized drug therapy.
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Hinks A, Moncrieffe H, Martin P, Ursu S, Lal S, Kassoumeri L, Weiler T, Glass DN, Thompson SD, Wedderburn LR, Thomson W. Association of the 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase gene with response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1395-400. [PMID: 21515602 PMCID: PMC3128324 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.146191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methotrexate (MTX) is the mainstay treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), however approximately 30% of children will fail to respond to the drug. Identification of genetic predictors of response to MTX would be invaluable in developing optimal treatment strategies for JIA. Using a candidate gene approach, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes in the metabolic pathway of MTX, were investigated for association with response to treatment in JIA cases. METHODS Tagging SNPs were selected across 13 MTX metabolic pathway genes and were genotyped using Sequenom genotyping technology in subjects recruited from the Sparks Childhood Arthritis Response to Medication Study. Response to MTX was defined using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) paediatric response criteria and SNP genotype frequencies were compared between the worst and best responders (ACR-Ped70) to MTX. An independent cohort of US JIA cases was available for validation of initial findings. RESULTS One SNP within the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene (ITPA) and two SNPs within 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase gene (ATIC) were significantly associated with a poor response to MTX. One of the ATIC SNPs showed a trend towards association with MTX response in an independent cohort of US JIA cases. Meta-analysis of the two studies strengthened this association (combined p value=0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study presents association of a SNP in the ATIC gene with response to MTX in JIA. There is now growing evidence to support a role of the ATIC gene with response to MTX treatment. These results could contribute towards a better understanding of and ability to predict MTX response in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hinks
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Gava MM, Kayaki EA, Bianco B, Teles JS, Christofolini DM, Pompeo ACL, Glina S, Barbosa CP. Polymorphisms in folate-related enzyme genes in idiopathic infertile Brazilian men. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:1267-72. [PMID: 21775772 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111411729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and methionine synthase (MTR) polymorphisms in idiopathic infertile Brazilian men and fertile men. Case-control study comprising 133 idiopathic infertile Brazilian men with nonobstructive azoospermia ([NOA] n = 55) or severe oligozoospermia ([SO] n = 78) and 173 fertile men as controls. MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and G1793A; MTRR A66G; and MTR A2756G polymorphisms were studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results were analyzed statistically and a P value <.05 was considered significant. Single-marker analysis revealed a significant association among MTHFR C677T polymorphism and both NOA group (P = .018) and SO group (P < .001). Considering the MTHFR A1298C, MTHFR G1793A, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms, no difference was found between NOA group and SO group. Regarding the MTR A2756G polymorphism, a significant difference was found between NOA and controls, P = .017. However, statistical analysis revealed no association between SO group and controls. Combined genotypes of 3 MTHFR polymorphisms did not identify a haplotype associated with idiopathic infertility. The combinatory analysis of the 3 polymorphisms MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR did not show difference between cases and controls. The findings suggest the MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms could be an important genetic factor predisposing to idiopathic infertility in Brazilian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello M Gava
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Human Reproduction and Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Froklage FEAM, Reijneveld JC, Heimans JJ. Central neurotoxicity in cancer chemotherapy: pharmacogenetic insights. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:379-95. [PMID: 21449677 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neurotoxicity of chemotherapy is likely to be multifactorial. There are two hypotheses regarding endogenous mechanisms that may be involved, namely the target and the blood-brain barrier transporter hypotheses. Here, we will review candidate genetic determinants for the risk of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, such as polymorphisms involved in the target mechanism. These include polymorphisms in folate metabolizing enzymes and apolipoprotein E, as well as those in blood-brain barrier transporter genes. Currently, the exact role of pharmacogenetics in mechanisms that lead to central neurotoxicity of chemotherapy has not been fully unraveled. Larger, prospective, longitudinal and more uniform studies are needed, with prechemotherapy and follow-up measurements of neuropsychological performance, MRI, PET, genetic profiles and biomarkers relevant for the proposed target and transporter mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke E A M Froklage
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cheng HL, Chiou SS, Liao YM, Chen YL, Wu SM. Genotyping of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yanagimachi M, Naruto T, Hara T, Kikuchi M, Hara R, Miyamae T, Imagawa T, Mori M, Kaneko T, Morita S, Goto H, Yokota S. Influence of polymorphisms within the methotrexate pathway genes on the toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:237-43. [PMID: 21219404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether several polymorphisms within the methotrexate (MTX) pathway genes were related to the toxicity and efficacy of MTX in 92 Japanese patients with articular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Eight gene polymorphisms within the MTX pathway genes, namely, RFC, BCRP, MTHFR (two), FPGS, γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH; two) and ATIC, were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Liver dysfunction was defined as an increase in alanine transaminase to five times the normal upper limit. Non-responders to MTX were defined as patients refractory to MTX and were therefore treated with biologics. RESULTS The non-TT genotype at GGH T16C was associated with a high risk of liver dysfunction (P=0.028, odds ratio=6.90, 95% confidence interval 1.38-34.5), even after adjustment for the duration of MTX treatment. A longer interval from disease onset to treatment (8.5 and 21.3 months, P=0.029) and rheumatoid factor positivity (P=0.026, odds ratio=2.87, 95% confidence interval 1.11-7.39) were associated with lower efficacy of MTX. CONCLUSIONS The non-TT genotype at GGH T16C was associated with a high risk of liver dysfunction, presumably because the C allele of GGH C16T may reduce the activity of GGH. The time interval before MTX treatment and rheumatoid factor positivity were associated with the efficacy of MTX treatment. The pharmacogenetics of the MTX pathway genes affects the toxicity and efficacy of MTX in Japanese JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Yanagimachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Gava MM, de Oliveira Chagas E, Bianco B, Christofolini DM, Pompeo ACL, Glina S, Barbosa CP. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms Are Related to Male Infertility in Brazilian Men. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:153-7. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Machado Gava
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisangela de Oliveira Chagas
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Glina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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Polymorphisms in MTHFR and MTRR genes associated with blood plasma homocysteine concentration and sperm counts. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:635-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ramos MA, Mares RE, Avalos ED, Hernández A, Hernández R, Lameda R, Malváez AE, Rodríguez CA, Rodríguez R. Pharmacogenetic screening of N-acetyltransferase 2, thiopurine s-methyltransferase, and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in Northwestern Mexicans. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:351-5. [PMID: 21254844 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific information about the population pharmacogenetics can be the starting point to study the inheritance of these traits, to design individual drug therapy, and to develop new drugs rationally. Pharmacogenetic studies have been performed in some regions of Mexico, such as Central and Northeast, but this kind of study has not been conducted in the Northwest region so far. Here, we report the distribution of NAT2, TPMT, and MTHFR gene polymorphisms in Baja California, Mexico. We found that our population sample exhibits allele and genotype frequencies that are highly similar to those observed in Caucasian populations, although it should be noted that there are slight similarities with those determined in other populations. As allelic variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes are prevalent in our population, it is important to consider pharmacogenetic testing as part of the standard diagnostic protocols before medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, México.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two common neurodegenerative diseases that result in the progressive damage or death of neurons. Environmental agents have the potential to damage the developing and mature nervous system, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. Heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve coding sequence modifications are referred to as ‘epigenetic’. These modifications include DNA methylation and downstream modification of histones. Environmental factors, including heavy metals and dietary folate intake, perturb neurodegenerative genes by epigenetic means, leading to altered gene expression and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Research into the genetic control of DNA methylation indicates an allelic skewing in a significant proportion of genes. This phenomenon may determine how an individual’s genetic makeup can alter the effect an environmental factor has on their risk of developing neurodegeneration. Finally, preliminary evidence using cell culture and transgenic animal models suggests that whole classes of pan-epigenetic modifiers will have significant protective effects against common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John BJ Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia and University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms in enzymes associated with folate metabolism and unexplained reduced sperm counts. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6540. [PMID: 19657388 PMCID: PMC2717325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic pathway of folate is thought to influence DNA stability either by inducing single/double stranded breaks or by producing low levels of S-adenosyl-methionine leading to abnormal gene expression and chromosome segregation. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding enzymes in the folate metabolism pathway show distinct geographic and/or ethnic variations and in some cases have been linked to disease. Notably, the gene Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in which the homozygous (TT) state of the polymorphism c.665C>T (p.A222V) is associated with reduced specific activity and increased thermolability of the enzyme causing mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Recently several studies have suggested that men carrying this polymorphism may be at increased risk to develop infertility. Methodology/Principal Findings We have tested this hypothesis in a case/control study of ethnic French individuals. We examined the incidence of polymorphisms in the genes MTHFR (R68Q, A222V and E429A), Methionine synthase reductase MTRR; (I22M and S175L) and Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS; G307S). The case population consisted of DNA samples from men with unexplained azoospermia (n = 70) or oligozoospermia (n = 182) and the control population consisted of normospermic and fertile men (n = 114). We found no evidence of an association between the incidence of any of these variants and reduced sperm counts. In addition haplotype analysis did not reveal differences between the case and control populations. Conclusions/Significance We could find no evidence for an association between reduced sperm counts and polymorphisms in enzymes involved in folate metabolism in the French population.
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