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Mouloud Y, Staubach S, Stambouli O, Mokhtari S, Kutzner TJ, Zwanziger D, Hemeda H, Giebel B. Calcium chloride declotted human platelet lysate promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and allows manufacturing of immunomodulatory active extracellular vesicle products. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00679-0. [PMID: 38819364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects, primarily through released extracellular vesicles (EVs). For the clinical-grade manufacturing of MSC-EV products culture conditions need to support MSC expansion and allow the manufacturing of potent MSC-EV products. Traditionally, MSCs are expanded in fetal bovine serum-supplemented media. However, according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines the use of animal sera should be avoided. To this end, human platelet lysate (hPL) has been qualified as an animal serum replacement. Although hPL outcompetes animal sera in promoting MSC expansion, hPL typically contains components of the coagulation system that need to be inhibited or removed to avoid coagulation reactions in the cell culture. Commonly, heparin is utilized as an anticoagulant; however, higher concentrations of heparin can negatively impact MSC viability, and conventional concentrations alone do not sufficiently prevent clot formation in prepared media. METHODS To circumvent unwanted coagulation processes, this study compared various clotting prevention strategies, including different anticoagulants and calcium chloride (CaCl2)-mediated declotting methods, which in combination with heparin addition was found effective. We evaluated the influence of the differently treated hPLs on the proliferation and phenotype of primary bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified the CaCl2-mediated declotting method as the most effective option. To determine whether CaCl2 declotted hPL allows the manufacturing of immunomodulatory MSC-EV products, EVs were prepared from conditioned media of MSCs expanded with either conventional or CaCl2 declotted hPL. In addition to metric analyses, the immunomodulatory potential of resulting MSC-EV products was assessed in a recently established multi-donor mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings conclusively show that CaCl2-declotted hPLs support the production of immunomodulatory-active MSC-EV products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Staubach
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oumaima Stambouli
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shakiba Mokhtari
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry - Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hatim Hemeda
- PL BioScience GmbH, Technology Centre Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Afzal E, Pakzad M, Nouri M, Moghadasali R, Zarrabi M. Human umbilical cord serum as an alternative to fetal bovine serum for in vitro expansion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:59-66. [PMID: 35635634 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the use of bovine fetal serum (FBS) there is concern about the possibility of disease transmission from animal to human. Therefore, it seems necessary to create culture conditions free of animal serum, especially in cell therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing human umbilical cord serum (hUCS) with FBS for in vitro expansion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UC-MSCs). Here, UC-MSCs were cultured for five days in media supplemented either by hUCS or commercial FBS (Gibco and HyClone) to compare their viability, proliferation, morphology, Immunophenotype and differentiation potential. Our data shows that use of 5% and/or 10% hUCS, resulted in a tenfold increase in the number of MSCs; While in the presence of commercial FBS, this figure reached a maximum of five times. Notably, the rate of cell proliferation in the group containing 2% hUCS was the same as the groups containing 10% commercial FBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of viability, surface markers, and multilineage differentiation potential. These results demonstrated that hUCS can efficiently replace FBS for the routine culture of MSCs and can be used ideally in manufacturing process of UC-MSCs in cell therapy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Afzal
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pakzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nouri
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zarrabi
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
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Hansen SB, Højgaard LD, Kastrup J, Ekblond A, Follin B, Juhl M. Optimizing an immunomodulatory potency assay for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1085312. [PMID: 36578497 PMCID: PMC9791065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expeditious progress of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) for therapeutic intervention calls for means to compare differences in potency of cell products. The differences may be attributed to innumerable sources including tissue origin, production methods, or even between batches. While the immunomodulatory potential of MSC is recognized and well-documented by an expansive body of evidence, the methodologies and findings vary markedly. In this study, we utilized flowcytometric analysis of lymphocyte proliferation based on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells for quantification of the inhibitory effect of MSC. Technical aspects of fluorescent staining and cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated to obtain optimal results and increase feasibility. A range of common specific and unspecific mitogens was titrated to identify the conditions, in which the effects of Adipose tissue-derived Stromal Cells (ASC; a type of MSC) were most pronounced. Specific stimulation by antibody-mediated activation of CD3 and CD28 via TransAct and Dynabeads lead to substantial proliferation of lymphocytes, which was inhibited by ASC. These results were closely mirrored when applying unspecific stimulation in form of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), but not concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen. The mixed lymphocyte reaction is a common assay which exploits alloreactivity between donors. While arguably more physiologic, the output of the assay often varies substantially, and the extent of proliferation is limited since the frequency of alloreactive cells is low, as opposed to the mitogens. To heighten the proliferative response and robustness, combinations of 2-5 donors were tested. Maximum proliferation was observed when combining 4 or more donors, which was efficiently suppressed by ASC. Several desirable and unfavorable traits can be attributed to the tested stimuli in the form of keywords. The importance of these traits should be scored on a laboratory-level to identify the ideal mitogen. In our case the ranking listed PHA as the most suited candidate. Developing robust assays is no trivial feat. By disclosing the full methodological framework in the present study, we hope to aid others in establishing functional metrics on the road to potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Bangsgaard Hansen
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Drozd Højgaard
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell2Cure, Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Annette Ekblond
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell2Cure, Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Juhl
- Cell2Cure, Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Extra-hematopoietic immunomodulatory role of the guanine-exchange factor DOCK2. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1246. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStromal cells interact with immune cells during initiation and resolution of immune responses, though the precise underlying mechanisms remain to be resolved. Lessons learned from stromal cell-based therapies indicate that environmental signals instruct their immunomodulatory action contributing to immune response control. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we show a novel function for the guanine-exchange factor DOCK2 in regulating immunosuppressive function in three human stromal cell models and by siRNA-mediated DOCK2 knockdown. To identify immune function-related stromal cell molecular signatures, we first reprogrammed mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) before differentiating these iPSCs in a back-loop into MSPCs. The iPSCs and immature iPS-MSPCs lacked immunosuppressive potential. Successive maturation facilitated immunomodulation, while maintaining clonogenicity, comparable to their parental MSPCs. Sequential transcriptomics and methylomics displayed time-dependent immune-related gene expression trajectories, including DOCK2, eventually resembling parental MSPCs. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient-derived fibroblasts harboring bi-allelic DOCK2 mutations showed significantly reduced immunomodulatory capacity compared to non-mutated fibroblasts. Conditional DOCK2 siRNA knockdown in iPS-MSPCs and fibroblasts also immediately reduced immunomodulatory capacity. Conclusively, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DOCK2 knockout in iPS-MSPCs also resulted in significantly reduced immunomodulation, reduced CDC42 Rho family GTPase activation and blunted filopodia formation. These data identify G protein signaling as key element devising stromal cell immunomodulation.
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Walzer SM, Toegel S, Chiari C, Farr S, Rinner B, Weinberg AM, Weinmann D, Fischer MB, Windhager R. A 3-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Zonally Organized Extracellular Matrix. Cartilage 2021; 13:336S-345S. [PMID: 31370667 PMCID: PMC8804753 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519865320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional cartilage repair requires the new formation of organized hyaline cartilaginous matrix to avoid the generation of fibrous repair tissue. The potential of mesenchymal progenitors was used to assemble a 3-dimensional structure in vitro, reflecting the zonation of collagen matrix in hyaline articular cartilage. DESIGN The 3-dimensional architecture of collagen alignment in pellet cultures of chondroprogenitors (CPs) was assessed with Picrosirius red staining analyzed under polarized light. In parallel assays, the trilineage capability was confirmed by calcium deposition during osteogenesis by alizarin S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), mRNA levels of ALP, RUNX2, and BGLAP were assessed after 21 days of osteoinduction. Lipid droplets were stained with oil red O and adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis of PPARG and LPL gene expression. RESULTS Under conditions promoting the chondrogenic signature in self-assembling constructs, CPs formed an aligned extracellular matrix, positive for glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II, showing developing zonation of birefringent collagen fibers along the cross section of pellets, which reflect the distribution of collagen fibers in hyaline cartilage. Induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation confirmed the trilineage potential of CPs. CONCLUSION This model promotes the differentiation and self-organization of postnatal chondroprogenitors, resulting in the formation of zonally organized engineered hyaline cartilage comparable to the 3 zones of native cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria,Sonja M. Walzer, Karl Chiari Lab for
Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical
University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | - Catharina Chiari
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | | | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical
University of Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria
| | - Annelie-Martina Weinberg
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma
Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria
| | - Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube
University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria,Clinic for Bloodgroup Serology and
Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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6
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Wang M, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zheng Z, Xie H. Current therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:351-380. [PMID: 34766151 PMCID: PMC8554668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi-directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs-based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs-based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs-based therapies and prospects for their optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ting‐yue Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hao‐yang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐yao Zheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hui‐qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
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7
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Narasimhan B, Narasimhan H, Lorente-Ros M, Romeo FJ, Bhatia K, Aronow WS. Therapeutic angiogenesis in coronary artery disease: a review of mechanisms and current approaches. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:947-963. [PMID: 34346802 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1964471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite tremendous advances, the shortcomings of current therapies for coronary disease are evidenced by the fact that it remains the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. There is hence a drive to develop novel therapies to tackle this disease. Therapeutic approaches to coronary angiogenesis have long been an area of interest in lieu of its incredible, albeit unrealized potential. AREAS COVERED This paper offers an overview of mechanisms of native angiogenesis and a description of angiogenic growth factors. It progresses to outline the advances in gene and stem cell therapy and provides a brief description of other investigational approaches to promote angiogenesis. Finally, the hurdles and limitations unique to this particular area of study are discussed. EXPERT OPINION An effective, sustained, and safe therapeutic option for angiogenesis truly could be the paradigm shift for cardiovascular medicine. Unfortunately, clinically meaningful therapeutic options remain elusive because promising animal studies have not been replicated in human trials. The sheer complexity of this process means that numerous major hurdles remain before therapeutic angiogenesis truly makes its way from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Narasimhan
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marta Lorente-Ros
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Jose Romeo
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirtipal Bhatia
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Ebner-Peking P, Krisch L, Wolf M, Hochmann S, Hoog A, Vári B, Muigg K, Poupardin R, Scharler C, Schmidhuber S, Russe E, Stachelscheid H, Schneeberger A, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Self-assembly of differentiated progenitor cells facilitates spheroid human skin organoid formation and planar skin regeneration. Theranostics 2021; 11:8430-8447. [PMID: 34373751 PMCID: PMC8344006 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of solid organs from single cells would greatly expand applicability of regenerative medicine. Stem/progenitor cells can self-organize into micro-sized organ units, termed organoids, partially modelling tissue function and regeneration. Here we demonstrated 3D self-assembly of adult and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitors into both, planar human skin in vivo and a novel type of spheroid-shaped skin organoids in vitro, under the aegis of human platelet lysate. Methods: Primary endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), skin fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were isolated from human tissues and polyclonally propagated under 2D xeno-free conditions. Human tissue-derived iPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), fibroblasts (hiPSC-FBs) and keratinocytes (hiPSC-KCs) according to efficiency-optimized protocols. Cell identity and purity were confirmed by flow cytometry and clonogenicity indicated their stem/progenitor potential. Triple cell type floating spheroids formation was promoted by human platelet-derived growth factors containing culture conditions, using nanoparticle cell labelling for monitoring the organization process. Planar human skin regeneration was assessed in full-thickness wounds of immune-deficient mice upon transplantation of hiPSC-derived single cell suspensions. Results: Organoids displayed a distinct architecture with surface-anchored keratinocytes surrounding a stromal core, and specific signaling patterns in response to inflammatory stimuli. FGF-7 mRNA transfection was required to accelerate keratinocyte long-term fitness. Stratified human skin also self-assembled within two weeks after either adult- or iPSC-derived skin cell-suspension liquid-transplantation, healing deep wounds of mice. Transplant vascularization significantly accelerated in the presence of co-transplanted endothelial progenitors. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles mediated the multifactorial platelet-derived trophic effects. No tumorigenesis occurred upon xenografting. Conclusion: This illustrates the superordinate progenitor self-organization principle and permits novel rapid 3D skin-related pharmaceutical high-content testing opportunities with floating spheroid skin organoids. Multi-cell transplant self-organization facilitates development of iPSC-based organ regeneration strategies using cell suspension transplantation supported by human platelet factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Linda Krisch
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Hoog
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Balázs Vári
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Muigg
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Russe
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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9
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Towards Physiologic Culture Approaches to Improve Standard Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040886. [PMID: 33924517 PMCID: PMC8069108 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest for their use in cell-based therapies due to their multipotent differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities. In consequence of limited numbers following their isolation from the donor tissue, MSCs require extensive expansion performed in traditional 2D cell culture setups to reach adequate amounts for therapeutic use. However, prolonged culture of MSCs in vitro has been shown to decrease their differentiation potential and alter their immunomodulatory properties. For that reason, preservation of these physiological characteristics of MSCs throughout their in vitro culture is essential for improving the efficiency of therapeutic and in vitro modeling applications. With this objective in mind, many studies already investigated certain parameters for enhancing current standard MSC culture protocols with regard to the effects of specific culture media components or culture conditions. Although there is a lot of diversity in the final therapeutic uses of the cells, the primary stage of standard isolation and expansion is imperative. Therefore, we want to review on approaches for optimizing standard MSC culture protocols during this essential primary step of in vitro expansion. The reviewed studies investigate and suggest improvements focused on culture media components (amino acids, ascorbic acid, glucose level, growth factors, lipids, platelet lysate, trace elements, serum, and xenogeneic components) as well as culture conditions and processes (hypoxia, cell seeding, and dissociation during passaging), in order to preserve the MSC phenotype and functionality during the primary phase of in vitro culture.
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10
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Guiotto M, Raffoul W, Hart AM, Riehle MO, di Summa PG. Human platelet lysate to substitute fetal bovine serum in hMSC expansion for translational applications: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2020; 18:351. [PMID: 32933520 PMCID: PMC7493356 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foetal bovine serum (FBS), is the most commonly used culture medium additive for in vitro cultures, despite its undefined composition, its potential immunogenicity and possible prion/zoonotic transmission. For these reasons, significant efforts have been targeted at finding a substitute, such as serum free-media or human platelet-lysates (hPL). Our aim is to critically appraise the state-of-art for hPL in the published literature, comparing its impact with FBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In June 2019 a systematic search of the entire Web of Science, Medline and PubMed database was performed with the following search terms: (mesenchymal stem cells) AND (fetal bovine serum OR fetal bovine calf) AND (human platelet lysate). Excluded from this search were review articles that were published before 2005, manuscripts in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were not from human sources, and when the FBS controls were missing. RESULTS Based on our search algorithm, 56 papers were selected. A review of these papers indicated that hMSCs cultured with hPL showed a spindle-shaped elongated morphology, had higher proliferation indexes, similar cluster of differentiation (CD) markers and no significant variation in differentiation lineage (osteocyte, adipocyte, and chondrocyte) compared to those cultured with FBS. Main sources of primary hMSCs were either fat tissue or bone marrow; in a few studies cells isolated from alternative sources showed no relevant difference in their response. CONCLUSION Despite the difference in medium choice and a lack of standardization of hPL manufacturing, the majority of publications support that hPL was at least as effective as FBS in promoting adhesion, survival and proliferation of hMSCs. We conclude that hPL should be considered a viable alternative to FBS in hMSCs culture-especially with a view for their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guiotto
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - W Raffoul
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A M Hart
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M O Riehle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P G di Summa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Olm F, Lim HC, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Laurell T, Scheding S. Acoustophoresis Enables the Label‐Free Separation of Functionally Different Subsets of Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:476-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Olm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Haematology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
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12
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Allan DS. Using umbilical cord blood for regenerative therapy: Proof or promise? Stem Cells 2020; 38:590-595. [PMID: 31995251 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of nonhematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood has spawned great interest in using cord blood cells for new indications in regenerative therapy. Many preclinical studies demonstrated improvement in reperfusion and markers of organ recovery using cord blood-derived cells in a range of animal models. Initial results heralded increasing clinical interest regarding the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy. Initial clinical studies were largely uncontrolled feasibility studies that were case series and reported on small numbers of patients. The emergence of controlled studies has been slower, although multiple controlled studies have been conducted in patients with cerebral palsy and type I diabetes. Heterogeneity in the cellular product, patients, study design, and the timing of outcome measurements remains barriers to meta-analysis and a clearer understanding of efficacy. Controlled studies of modest size have been reported for a range of additional conditions. The conduct of controlled clinical trials to evaluate potential new uses of cord blood for regenerative therapy remains essential. None of the indications studied to date can be regarded as proven. Moreover, consistency in outcome reporting in terms of the instruments used and the time points for assessment after therapy are needed, including longer follow-up of study participants. Frequent and careful evaluation of the evidence will allow cord blood banks, health care providers, and patients to assess potential new options in the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Allan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa and Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
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13
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Marcon AR, Allan D, Barber M, Murdoch B, Caulfield T. Portrayal of umbilical cord blood research in the North American popular press: promise or hype? Regen Med 2020; 15:1228-1237. [PMID: 32101099 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examined how umbilical cord blood (UCB) use was portrayed in the English language North American popular press. Methods: Directed content analysis was conducted on 400 articles from 2007 to 2017 containing 'cord blood,' published by the most read Canadian and American news sources. Results: A total of 86.3% of the articles detailed UCB treatments and therapies, the majority of which align with clinical evidence. Some articles portrayed speculative/experimental therapies as efficacious. Public and private banking initiatives received substantial attention, and were portrayed diversely. Promotional narrative messaging was evident around private banking. Conclusion: Findings demonstrate the need for continual monitoring of the media portrayals of UCB as stem cell and transplantation research develops and as clinics continue to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro R Marcon
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H5
| | - David Allan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canadian Blood Services, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada, K1Y 4E9
| | - Morgan Barber
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Law, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H5
| | - Blake Murdoch
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H5
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H5
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
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14
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Laner-Plamberger S, Oeller M, Mrazek C, Hartl A, Sonderegger A, Rohde E, Strunk D, Schallmoser K. Upregulation of mitotic bookmarking factors during enhanced proliferation of human stromal cells in human platelet lysate. J Transl Med 2019; 17:432. [PMID: 31888679 PMCID: PMC6936143 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative human stromal cell therapeutics require xeno-free culture conditions. Various formulations of human platelet lysate (HPL) are efficient alternatives for fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, a consistent lack of standardized manufacturing protocols and quality criteria hampers comparability of HPL-products. Aim of this study was to compare the biochemical composition of three differential HPL-preparations with FBS and to investigate their impact on stromal cell biology. METHODS Stromal cells were isolated from bone marrow (BM), white adipose tissue (WAT) and umbilical cord (UC) and cultured in medium supplemented with pooled HPL (pHPL), fibrinogen-depleted serum-converted pHPL (pHPLS), mechanically fibrinogen-depleted pHPL (mcpHPL) and FBS. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in comparison to standard values in whole blood. Distinct growth factors and cytokines were measured by bead-based multiplex technology. Flow cytometry of stromal cell immunophenotype, in vitro differentiation, and mRNA expression analysis of transcription factors SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, OCT4 and NANOG were performed. RESULTS Biochemical parameters were comparable in all pHPL preparations, but to some extent different to FBS. Total protein, glucose, cholesterol and Na+ were elevated in pHPL preparations, K+ and Fe3+ levels were higher in FBS. Compared to FBS, pHPL-based media significantly enhanced stromal cell propagation. Characteristic immunophenotype and in vitro differentiation potential were maintained in all four culture conditions. The analysis of growth factors and cytokines revealed distinct levels depending on the pre-existence in pHPL, consumption or secretion by the stromal cells. Interestingly, mRNA expression of the transcription and mitotic bookmarking factors cMYC and KLF4 was significantly enhanced in a source dependent manner in stromal cells cultured in pHPL- compared to FBS-supplemented media. SOX2 mRNA expression of all stromal cell types was increased in all pHPL culture conditions. CONCLUSION All pHPL-supplemented media equally supported proliferation of WAT- and UC-derived stromal cells significantly better than FBS. Mitotic bookmarking factors, known to enable a quick re-entry to the cell cycle, were significantly enhanced in pHPL-expanded cells. Our results support a better characterization and standardization of humanized culture media for stromal cell-based medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Mrazek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arnulf Hartl
- Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alina Sonderegger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. .,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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15
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Jia Z, Wang S, Liu Q. Identification of differentially expressed genes by single-cell transcriptional profiling of umbilical cord and synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1945-1957. [PMID: 31845522 PMCID: PMC6991657 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the heterogeneity in human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) and human synovial fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hSF‐MSCs) by single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Using Chromium™ technology, scRNA‐seq was performed on hUC‐MSCs and hSF‐MSCs from samples that passed our quality control checks. In order to identify subgroups and activated pathways, several bioinformatics tools were used to analyse the transcriptomic profiles, including clustering, principle components analysis (PCA), t‐Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t‐SNE), gene set enrichment analysis, as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. scRNA‐seq was performed on the two sample sets. In total, there were 104 761 163 reads for the hUC‐MSCs and 6 577 715 for the hSF‐MSCs, with >60% mapping rate. Based on PCA and t‐SNE analyses, we identified 11 subsets within hUC‐MSCs and seven subsets within hSF‐MSCs. Gene set enrichment analysis determined that there were 533, 57, 32, 44, 10, 319, 731, 1037, 90, 25 and 230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 11 subsets of hUC‐MSCs and 204, 577, 30, 577, 16, 57 and 35 DEGs in the seven subsets of hSF‐MSCs. scRNA‐seq was not only able to identify subpopulations of hUC‐MSCs and hSF‐MSCs within the sample sets, but also provided a digital transcript count of hUC‐MSCs and hSF‐MSCs within a single patient. scRNA‐seq analysis may elucidate some of the biological characteristics of MSCs and allow for a better understanding of the multi‐directional differentiation, immunomodulatory properties and tissue repair capabilities of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Jia
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Institute of Orthopedic Research, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qisong Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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16
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Khiatah B, Qi M, Du W, T-Chen K, van Megen KM, Perez RG, Isenberg JS, Kandeel F, Roep BO, Ku HT, Al-Abdullah IH. Intra-pancreatic tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a promising therapeutic potential with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic profiles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:322. [PMID: 31730488 PMCID: PMC6858763 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pancreata contain many types of cells, such as endocrine islets, acinar, ductal, fat, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are important and shown to have a promising therapeutic potential to treat various disease conditions. Methods We investigated intra-pancreatic tissue-derived (IPTD) MSCs isolated from tissue fractions that are routinely discarded during pancreatic islet isolation of human cadaveric donors. Furthermore, whether pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of these cells could be enhanced was investigated. Results IPTD-MSCs were expanded in GMP-compatible CMRL-1066 medium supplemented with 5% human platelet lysate (hPL). IPTD-MSCs were found to be highly pure, with > 95% positive for CD90, CD105, and CD73, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, and HLA-DR. Immunofluorescence staining of pancreas tissue demonstrated the presence of CD105+ cells in the vicinity of islets. IPTD-MSCs were capable of differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in vitro, underscoring their multipotent features. When these cells were cultured in the presence of a low dose of TNF-α, gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was significantly increased, compared to control. In contrast, treating cells with dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) (a prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor) enhanced mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Interestingly, a combination of TNF-α and DMOG stimulated the optimal expression of all three genes in IPTD-MSCs. Conditioned medium of IPTD-MSCs treated with a combination of DMOG and TNF-α contained higher levels of pro-angiogenic (VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8) compared to controls, promoting angiogenesis of human endothelial cells in vitro. In contrast, levels of MCP-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, were reduced in the conditioned medium of IPTD-MSCs treated with a combination of DMOG and TNF-α. Conclusions The results demonstrate that IPTD-MSCs reside within the pancreas and can be separated as part of a standard islet-isolation protocol. These IPTD-MSCs can be expanded and potentiated ex vivo to enhance their anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic profiles. The fact that IPTD-MSCs are generated in a GMP-compatible procedure implicates a direct clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Khiatah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Weiting Du
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kuan T-Chen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kayleigh M van Megen
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rachel G Perez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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17
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Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Laner-Plamberger S, Oeller M, Poupardin R, Krisch L, Hochmann S, Kalathur R, Pachler K, Kreutzer C, Erdmann G, Rohde E, Strunk D, Schallmoser K. Heparin Differentially Impacts Gene Expression of Stromal Cells from Various Tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7258. [PMID: 31076619 PMCID: PMC6510770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) is increasingly used as replacement of animal serum for manufacturing of stromal cell therapeutics. Porcine heparin is commonly applied to avoid clotting of pHPL-supplemented medium but the influence of heparin on cell behavior is still unclear. Aim of this study was to investigate cellular uptake of heparin by fluoresceinamine-labeling and its impact on expression of genes, proteins and function of human stromal cells derived from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Cells were isolated and propagated using various pHPL-supplemented media with or without heparin. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry showed differential cellular internalization and lysosomal accumulation of heparin. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation of distinct gene sets by heparin including signaling cascades involved in proliferation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis, depending on stromal cell origin. The influence of heparin on the WNT, PDGF, NOTCH and TGFbeta signaling pathways was further analyzed by a bead-based western blot revealing most alterations in BM-derived stromal cells. Despite these observations heparin had no substantial effect on long-term proliferation and in vitro tri-lineage differentiation of stromal cells, indicating compatibility for clinically applied cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Linda Krisch
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ravi Kalathur
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Pachler
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute for Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. .,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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19
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Gupta P, Hall GN, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Human Platelet Lysate Improves Bone Forming Potential of Human Progenitor Cells Expanded in Microcarrier-Based Dynamic Culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:810-821. [PMID: 31038850 PMCID: PMC6646698 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic‐free media are required for translating advanced therapeutic medicinal products to the clinics. In addition, process efficiency is crucial for ensuring cost efficiency, especially when considering large‐scale production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human platelet lysate (HPL) has been increasingly adopted as an alternative for fetal bovine serum (FBS) for MSCs. However, its therapeutic and regenerative potential in vivo is largely unexplored. Herein, we compare the effects of FBS and HPL supplementation for a scalable, microcarrier‐based dynamic expansion of human periosteum‐derived cells (hPDCs) while assessing their bone forming capacity by subcutaneous implantation in small animal model. We observed that HPL resulted in faster cell proliferation with a total fold increase of 5.2 ± 0.61 in comparison to 2.7 ± 02.22‐fold in FBS. Cell viability and trilineage differentiation capability were maintained by HPL, although a suppression of adipogenic differentiation potential was observed. Differences in mRNA expression profiles were also observed between the two on several markers. When implanted, we observed a significant difference between the bone forming capacity of cells expanded in FBS and HPL, with HPL supplementation resulting in almost three times more mineralized tissue within calcium phosphate scaffolds. FBS‐expanded cells resulted in a fibrous tissue structure, whereas HPL resulted in mineralized tissue formation, which can be classified as newly formed bone, verified by μCT and histological analysis. We also observed the presence of blood vessels in our explants. In conclusion, we suggest that replacing FBS with HPL in bioreactor‐based expansion of hPDCs is an optimal solution that increases expansion efficiency along with promoting bone forming capacity of these cells. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:810&821
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA-R In Silico Medicine, Université de Liege, Liège, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Wang K, Li Z, Li J, Liao W, Qin Y, Zhang N, Huo X, Mao N, Zhu H. Optimization of the Platelet-Rich Plasma Concentration for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:333-351. [PMID: 30234444 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In the current study, we screened the effects of different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and differentiation. Our data demonstrated that concentrated PRP exerted different effects on cell proliferation and on the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Meanwhile, we optimized PRP concentrations for each of these lineage differentiation and MSC expansion and, thus, suggested several promising clinical strategies for different kinds of diseases. These findings may help explain the controversial effects of PRP on MSCs and improve the progress in precise applications of PRP-based regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Li
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Li
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiong Liao
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- 2 Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulin Huo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Center of Sport Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Mao
- 3 Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- 3 Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang B, Li P, Shangguan L, Ma J, Mao K, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Z, Mao K. A novel bacterial cellulose membrane immobilized with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome prevents epidural fibrosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5257-5273. [PMID: 30237713 PMCID: PMC6136916 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Failed back surgery syndrome is a situation where there is failure after lumbar surgery aimed at correcting lumbar disease that is characterized by continuous back and/or leg pain. Epidural fibrosis and adhesions are among the major causes of failed back surgery syndrome. In recent years, several biomaterials have been applied as barriers or deterrents to prevent the compression of neural structures by postsurgical fibrosis. Methods In this study, a new bacterial cellulose (BC) anti-adhesion membrane, composed of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, was developed. Its structure and morphology, water content, thickness, and mechanical properties of elasticity were analyzed and characterized. The degradation of the BC+exosomes (BC+Exos) membrane in vitro was evaluated, and its in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility were tested. The prevention effect of BC+Exos membrane on epidural fibrosis post-laminectomy in a rabbit model was investigated. Results The BC+Exos membrane showed a three-dimensional network structure constituted of high-purity cellulose and moderate mechanical properties. No degeneration was observed. The BC+Exos membrane showed no cytotoxicity and displayed biocompatibility in vivo. The BC+Exos film was able to inhibit epidural fibrosis and peridural adhesions. Conclusion Based on the current findings, the BC+Exos membrane is a promising material to prevent postoperative epidural fibrosis and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China, ,
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China, ,
| | - Lei Shangguan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China,
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Kezheng Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China, , .,Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China,
| | - Keya Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China, ,
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22
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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23
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Bauman E, Granja PL, Barrias CC. Fetal bovine serum-free culture of endothelial progenitor cells-progress and challenges. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1567-1578. [PMID: 29701896 DOI: 10.1002/term.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two decades after the first report on endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), their key role in postnatal vasculogenesis and vascular repair is well established. The therapeutic potential of EPC and their growing use in clinical trials calls for the development of more robust, reproducible, and safer methods for the in vitro expansion and maintenance of these cells. Despite many limitations associated with its usage, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is still widely applied as a cell culture supplement. Although different approaches aiming at establishing FBS-free culture have been developed for many cell types, adequate solutions for endothelial cells, and for EPC in particular, are still scarce, possibly due to the multiple challenges that have to be faced when culturing these cells. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the therapeutic relevance of EPC and critically analyse the available literature on FBS-free endothelial cell culture methods, including xeno-free, serum-free, and chemically defined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bauman
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - P L Granja
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Barrias
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: From Discovery to Manufacturing and Commercialization. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4083921. [PMID: 30057622 PMCID: PMC6051015 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4083921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been the focus of intense research by academia and industry due to their unique features. MSC can be easily isolated and expanded through in vitro culture by taking full advantage of their self-renewing capacity. In addition, MSC exert immunomodulatory effects and can be differentiated into various lineages, which makes them highly attractive for clinical applications in cell-based therapies. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief historical overview of MSC discovery, characterization, and the first clinical studies conducted. The current MSC manufacturing platforms are reviewed with special attention regarding the use of bioreactors for the production of GMP-compliant clinically relevant cell numbers. The first commercial MSC-based products are also addressed, as well as the remaining challenges to the widespread use of MSC-derived products.
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25
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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26
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Centeno C, Markle J, Dodson E, Stemper I, Hyzy M, Williams C, Freeman M. The use of lumbar epidural injection of platelet lysate for treatment of radicular pain. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:38. [PMID: 29177632 PMCID: PMC5701904 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are the most common pain management procedure performed in the US, however evidence of efficacy is limited. In addition, there is early evidence that the high dose of corticosteroids used can have systemic side effects. We describe the results of a case series evaluating the use of platelet lysate (PL) epidural injections for the treatment of lumbar radicular pain as an alternative to corticosteroids. Methods Registry data was obtained for patients (N = 470) treated with PL epidural injections presenting with symptoms of lumbar radicular pain and MRI findings that were consistent with symptoms. Collected outcomes included numeric pain score (NPS), functional rating index (FRI), and a modified single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) rating. Results Patients treated with PL epidurals reported significantly lower (p < .0001) NPS and FRI change scores at all time points compared to baseline. Post-treatment FRI change score means exceeded the minimal clinically important difference beyond 1 month. Average modified SANE ratings showed 49.7% improvement at 24 months post-treatment. Twenty-nine (6.3%) patients reported mild adverse events related to treatment. Conclusion Patients treated with PL epidurals reported significant improvements in pain, exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for FRI, and reported subjective improvement through 2-year follow-up. PL may be a promising substitute for corticosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Centeno
- Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA.,Regenexx, LLC, Des Moines, IA, 50321, USA
| | - Jason Markle
- Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA
| | - Ehren Dodson
- Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA. .,Regenexx, LLC, Des Moines, IA, 50321, USA.
| | | | - Matthew Hyzy
- Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA
| | | | - Michael Freeman
- CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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27
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Reinisch A, Hernandez DC, Schallmoser K, Majeti R. Generation and use of a humanized bone-marrow-ossicle niche for hematopoietic xenotransplantation into mice. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2169-2188. [PMID: 28933777 PMCID: PMC5898606 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is frequently used to study normal and malignant hematopoiesis of human cells. However, conventional mouse xenotransplantation models lack essential human-specific bone-marrow (BM)-microenvironment-derived survival, proliferation, and self-renewal signals for engraftment of normal and malignant blood cells. As a consequence, many human leukemias and other hematologic disorders do not robustly engraft in these conventional models. Here, we describe a complete workflow for the generation of humanized ossicles with an accessible BM microenvironment that faithfully recapitulates normal BM niche morphology and function. The ossicles, therefore, allow for accelerated and superior engraftment of primary patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hematologic malignancies such as myelofibrosis (MF) in mice. The humanized ossicles are formed by in situ differentiation of BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Human hematopoietic cells can subsequently be transplanted directly into the ossicle marrow space or by intravenous injection. Using this method, a humanized engraftable BM microenvironment can be formed within 6-10 weeks. Engraftment of human hematopoietic cells can be evaluated by flow cytometry 8-16 weeks after transplantation. This protocol describes a robust and reproducible in vivo methodology for the study of normal and malignant human hematopoiesis in a more physiologic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reinisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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28
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Padilla S, Orive G, Anitua E. Shedding light on biosafety of platelet rich plasma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1047-1048. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1349487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Padilla
- Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - G Orive
- Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - E Anitua
- Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
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29
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Rohban R, Prietl B, Pieber TR. Crosstalk between Stem and Progenitor Cellular Mediators with Special Emphasis on Vasculogenesis. Transfus Med Hemother 2017. [PMID: 28626368 DOI: 10.1159/000477677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular components and molecular processes of signaling during vasculogenesis have been investigated for decades. Considerable efforts have been made to unravel regulatory mechanisms of vasculogenesis through crosstalk between vasculogenic playmakers located in the vascular niche, namely hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Recent studies have increased the knowledge about signaling events within vascular microenvironment that leads to vasculogenesis. Findings from these recent studies indicate the impact of cellular crosstalk through signaling pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, wingless and Notch signaling in vasculogenesis and vascular development. In this review, we highlight the signaling signature between stem and progenitor cellular mediators during vasculogenesis. We further focus on hematopoietic stem cell-endothelial progenitor cell crosstalk during vasculogenesis and discuss their potential implications and benefits for therapeutic interventions and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Rohban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Competence Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Competence Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, Graz, Austria.,HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
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30
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Araújo AB, Salton GD, Furlan JM, Schneider N, Angeli MH, Laureano ÁM, Silla L, Passos EP, Paz AH. Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:577-585. [PMID: 28343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a potential alternative for cellular therapy. This study was designed to compare the biological characteristics of MSCs isolated from amniotic membrane (A-MSCs), chorionic membrane (C-MSCs), placental decidua (D-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) to ascertain whether any one of these sources is superior to the others for cellular therapy purposes. METHODS MSCs were isolated from amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, umbilical cord and placental decidua. Immunophenotype, differentiation ability, cell size, cell complexity, polarity index and growth kinetics of MSCs isolated from these four sources were analyzed. RESULTS MSCs were successfully isolated from all four sources. Surface marker profile and differentiation ability were consistent with human MSCs. C-MSCs in suspension were the smallest cells, whereas UC-MSCs presented the greatest length and least width. A-MSCs had the lowest polarity index and UC-MSCs, as more elongated cells, the highest. C-MSCs, D-MSCs and UC-MSCs exhibited similar growth capacity until passage 8 (P8); C-MSCs presented better lifespan, whereas insignificant proliferation was observed in A-MSCs. DISCUSSION Neonatal and maternal tissues can serve as sources of multipotent stem cells. Some characteristics of MSCs obtained from four neonatal tissues were compared and differences were observed. Amniotic membrane was the least useful source of MSCs, whereas chorionic membrane and umbilical cord were considered good options for future use in cell therapy because of the known advantages of immature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Dias Salton
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Monteiro Furlan
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Melissa Helena Angeli
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Macedo Laureano
- Cellular Technology and Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Silla
- Cellular Technology and Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Helena Paz
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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31
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Bernardi M, Agostini F, Chieregato K, Amati E, Durante C, Rassu M, Ruggeri M, Sella S, Lombardi E, Mazzucato M, Astori G. The production method affects the efficacy of platelet derivatives to expand mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. J Transl Med 2017; 15:90. [PMID: 28460641 PMCID: PMC5412035 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a media supplement for the ex vivo expansion of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) has been discouraged by regulatory agencies, due to the risk of transmitting zoonoses and to elicit immune reactions in the host once transplanted. Platelet derivatives are valid FBS substitutes due to their content of growth factors that can be released disrupting the platelets by physical methods or physiological stimuli. We compared platelet derivatives produced by freezing/thawing (platelet lysates, PL) or after CaCl2 activation (platelet releasate surnatant rich in growth factors, PR-SRGF) for their content in growth factors and their ability to support the ex vivo expansion of BM-MSC. Methods The cytokine content in the two platelet derivatives was evaluated. BM-MSC were expanded in complete medium containing 10, 7.5 and 5% PL or PR-SRGF and the cell phenotype, clonogenic capacity, immunomodulation properties and tri-lineage differentiation potential of the expanded cells in both media were investigated. Results The concentration of PDGF-AB, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB in PR-SRGF resulted to be respectively 5.7×, 1.7× and 2.3× higher compared to PL. PR-SRGF promoted a higher BM-MSC proliferation rate compared to PL not altering BM-MSC phenotype. Colony forming efficiency of BM-MSC expanded in PR-SRGF showed a frequency of colonies significantly higher than cells expanded in PL. BM-MSC expanded in PL or PR-SRGF maintained their immunomodulatory properties against activated lymphocytes even if BM-MSC expanded in FBS performed significantly better. Conclusions The method used to release platelet factors significantly affects the enrichment in growth factors and overall product performance. The standardization of the production process of platelet derivatives and the definition of their release criteria requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Collection and Processing Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Collection and Processing Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mario Rassu
- Department of Microbiology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lombardi
- Stem Cell Collection and Processing Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Collection and Processing Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
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32
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Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Regeneration: Tissue Specificity and Regenerative Potential. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5173732. [PMID: 28286525 PMCID: PMC5327785 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5173732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has always been an ambitious goal in medicine to repair or replace morbid tissues for regaining the organ functionality. This challenge has recently gained momentum through considerable progress in understanding the biological concept of the regenerative potential of stem cells. Routine therapeutic procedures are about to shift towards the use of biological and molecular armamentarium. The potential use of embryonic stem cells and invention of induced pluripotent stem cells raised hope for clinical regenerative purposes; however, the use of these interventions for regenerative therapy showed its dark side, as many health concerns and ethical issues arose in terms of using these cells in clinical applications. In this regard, adult stem cells climbed up to the top list of regenerative tools and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed promise for regenerative cell therapy with a rather limited level of risk. MSC have been successfully isolated from various human tissues and they have been shown to offer the possibility to establish novel therapeutic interventions for a variety of hard-to-noncurable diseases. There have been many elegant studies investigating the impact of MSC in regenerative medicine. This review provides compact information on the role of stem cells, in particular, MSC in regeneration.
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33
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Amati E, Sella S, Perbellini O, Alghisi A, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Lievore C, Peserico D, Rigno M, Zilio A, Ruggeri M, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from cord blood: evaluation of in vitro quality parameters prior to clinical use. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:14. [PMID: 28115021 PMCID: PMC5260040 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as advanced therapy medicinal products because of their immunomodulatory properties and supportive role in hematopoiesis. Although bone marrow remains the most common source for obtaining off-the-shelf MSC, cord blood (CB) represents an alternative source, which can be collected noninvasively and without major ethical concerns. However, the low estimated frequency and inconsistency of successful isolation represent open challenges for the use of CB-derived MSC in clinical trials. This study explores whether CB may represent a suitable source of MSC for clinical use and analyzes several in vitro parameters useful to better define the quality of CB-derived MSC prior to clinical application. METHODS CB units (n = 50) selected according to quality criteria (CB volume ≥ 20 ml, time from collection ≤ 24 h) were cultured using a standardized procedure for CB-MSC generation. MSC were analyzed for their growth potential and secondary colony-forming capacity. Immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential of culture-expanded CB-MSC were assessed to verify MSC identity. The immunomodulatory activity at resting conditions and after inflammatory priming (IFN-γ-1b and TNF-α for 48 hours) was explored to assess the in vitro potency of CB-MSC prior to clinical application. Molecular karyotyping was used to assess the genetic stability after prolonged MSC expansion. RESULTS We were able to isolate MSC colonies from 44% of the processed units. Our results do not support a role of CB volume in determining the outcome of the cultures, in terms of both isolation and proliferative capacity of CB-MSC. Particularly, we have confirmed the existence of two different CB-MSC populations named short- and long-living (SL- and LL-) CBMSC, clearly diverging in their growth capacity and secondary colony-forming efficiency. Only LL-CBMSC were able to expand consistently and to survive for longer periods in vitro, while preserving genetic stability. Therefore, they may represent interesting candidates for therapeutic applications. We have also observed that LL-CBMSC were not equally immunosuppressive, particularly after inflammatory priming and despite upregulating priming-inducible markers. CONCLUSIONS This work supports the use of CB as a potential MSC source for clinical applications, remaining more readily available compared to conventional sources. We have provided evidence that not all LL-CBMSC are equally immunosuppressive in an inflammatory environment, suggesting the need to include the assessment of potency among the release criteria for each CB-MSC batch intended for clinical use, at least for the treatment of immune disorders as GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Lievore
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Denise Peserico
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Manuela Rigno
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Zilio
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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Rogulska O, Petrenko Y, Petrenko A. DMSO-free cryopreservation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: expansion medium affects post-thaw survival. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:265-276. [PMID: 28013442 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-the-shelf availability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) for regenerative medicine application requires the development of nontoxic, safe, and efficient protocols for cryopreservation. Favorably, such cell processing protocols should not contain xenogeneic or toxic components, such as fetal bovine serum (FS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity of ASCs to DMSO-free cryopreservation protocol depending on their expansion conditions: conventional, based on the application of FS or xeno-free, using PL as a medium supplement. ASCs expansion was carried out in α-MEM supplemented either with FS or PL. For DMSO- and xeno-free cryopreservation ASCs were pretreated with different concentrations of sucrose during 24 h of culture. Pretreated ASCs were cryopreserved in α-MEM containing 100-300 mM of sucrose with the cooling rate of 1 degree/min. ASCs were tested for survival (Trypan Blue test), viability (MTT test), recovery (Alamar Blue test), proliferation and ability to multilineage differentiation. The optimal concentrations of sucrose for ASCs pretreatment and as an additive in cryoprotective solution, which provided highest cell survival, comprised 100 and 200 mM, correspondingly. Survival and recovery rates of platelet lysate (PL)-expanded ASCs after DMSO-free cryopreservation comprised 59 and 51%, and were higher than in FS-cultured cells. After DMSO-free cryopreservation PL-processed ASCs had a shorter population doubling time and higher capacity for osteogenic differentiation than FS-processed cultures. The described DMSO- and xeno-free processing may form the basis for the development of safe and efficient protocols for manufacturing and banking of ASCs, providing their off-the-shelf availability for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rogulska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine.
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine.,Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Petrenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
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Lambrechts T, Sonnaert M, Schrooten J, Luyten FP, Aerts JM, Papantoniou I. Large-Scale Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Expansion: A Visualization Tool for Bioprocess Comparison. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:485-498. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toon Lambrechts
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model and Manage Bioresponses, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Sonnaert
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Schrooten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Antleron, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model and Manage Bioresponses, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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The effects of culture conditions on the functionality of efficiently obtained mesenchymal stromal cells from human cord blood. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:423-37. [PMID: 26857232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cord blood (CB) is an attractive source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) because of its abundant availability and ease of collection. However, the success rate of generating CB-MSCs is low. In this study, our aim was to demonstrate the efficiency of our previously described method to obtain MSCs from CB and further characterize them and to study the effects of different culture conditions on MSCs. METHODS CB-MSC cultures were established in low oxygen (3%) conditions on fibronectin in 10% fetal bovine serum containing culture medium supplemented with combinations of growth factors. Cells were characterized for their adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity; phenotype; and HOX gene expression profile. The functionality of the cells cultured in different media was tested in vitro with angiogenesis and T-cell proliferation assays. RESULTS We demonstrate 87% efficacy in generating MSCs from CB. The established cells had typical MSC characteristics with reduced adipogenic differentiation potential and a unique HOX gene fingerprint. Growth factor-rich medium and a 3% oxygen condition enhanced cell proliferation; however, the growth factor-rich medium had a negative effect on the expression of CD90. Dexamethasone-containing medium improved the capacity of the cells to suppress T-cell proliferation, whereas the cells grown without dexamethasone were more able to support angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the composition of expansion medium is critical for the functionality of MSCs and should always be appropriately defined for each purpose.
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Ashour RH, Saad MA, Sobh MA, Al-Husseiny F, Abouelkheir M, Awad A, Elghannam D, Abdel-Ghaffar H, Sobh M. Comparative study of allogenic and xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:126. [PMID: 27585525 PMCID: PMC5009659 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The paracrine and regenerative activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may vary with different stem cell sources. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of MSCs from different sources on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin and their influence on renal regeneration. Methods A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was used to induce AKI in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with either rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs), human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), or human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs). 5 × 106 MSCs of different sources were administered through rat tail vein in a single dose, 24 hours after cisplatin injection. Within each group, rats were sacrificed at the 4th, 7th, 11th, and 30th day after cisplatin injection. Serum creatinine, BUN, and renal tissue oxidative stress parameters were measured. Renal tissue was scored histopathologically for evidence of injury, regeneration, and chronicity. Immunohistochemistry was also done using Ki67 for renal proliferative activity evaluation. Results MSCs of the three sources were able to ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal function deterioration and tissue damage. The rat BMSCs-treated group had the lowest serum creatinine by day 30 (0.52 ± 0.06) compared to hADSCs and hAFSCs. All MSC-treated groups had nearly equal antioxidant activity as indicated by the decreased renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at different time intervals. Additionally, all MSCs improved injury and regenerative scores. Rat BMSCs had the highest count and earliest proliferative activity in the renal cortex by day 7 as identified by Ki67; while, hAFSCs seem to have the greatest improvement in the regenerative and proliferative activities with a higher count of renal cortex Ki67-positive cells at day 11 and with the least necrotic lesions. Conclusions Rat BMSCs, hADSCs, and hAFSCs, in early single IV dose, had a renoprotective effect against cisplatin-induced AKI, and were able to reduce oxidative stress markers. Rat BMSCs had the earliest proliferative activity by day 7; however, hAFSCs seemed to have the greatest improvement in the regenerative activities. Human ADSCs were the least effective in the terms of proliferative and regenerative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Ashour
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed-Ahdy Saad
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Ahmed Sobh
- Zoology Unit-Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Elghannam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abdel-Ghaffar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobh
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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38
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Electric pulses: a flexible tool to manipulate cytosolic calcium concentrations and generate spontaneous-like calcium oscillations in mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32331. [PMID: 27561994 PMCID: PMC4999807 DOI: 10.1038/srep32331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells of great interest in regenerative medicine or oncology. They present spontaneous calcium oscillations related to cell cycle progression or differentiation but the correlation between these events is still unclear. Indeed, it is difficult to mimic haMSCs spontaneous calcium oscillations with chemical means. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) can permeabilise plasma and/or organelles membranes depending on the applied pulses and therefore generate cytosolic calcium peaks by recruiting calcium from the external medium or from internal stores. We show that it is possible to mimic haMSCs spontaneous calcium oscillations (same amplitude, duration and shape) using 100 μs PEFs or 10 ns PEFs. We propose a model that explains the experimental situations reported. PEFs can therefore be a flexible tool to manipulate cytosolic calcium concentrations. This tool, that can be switched on and off instantaneously, contrary to chemicals agents, can be very useful to investigate the role of calcium oscillations in cell physiology and/or to manipulate cell fate.
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39
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Astori G, Amati E, Bambi F, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Schäfer R, Sella S, Rodeghiero F. Platelet lysate as a substitute for animal serum for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: present and future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:93. [PMID: 27411942 PMCID: PMC4944312 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture supplement is discouraged by regulatory authorities to limit the risk of zoonoses and xenogeneic immune reactions in the transplanted host. Additionally, FBS production came under scrutiny due to animal welfare concerns. Platelet derivatives have been proposed as FBS substitutes for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) since platelet-derived growth factors can promote MSC ex-vivo expansion. Platelet-derived growth factors are present in platelet lysate (PL) obtained after repeated freezing–thawing cycles of the platelet-rich plasma or by applying physiological stimuli such as thrombin or CaCl2. PL-expanded MSCs have been used already in the clinic, taking advantage of their faster proliferation compared with FBS-expanded preparations. Should PL be applied to other biopharmaceutical products, its demand is likely to increase dramatically. The use of fresh platelet units for the production of PL raises concerns due to limited availability of platelet donors. Expired units might represent an alternative, but further data are needed to define safety, including pathogen reduction, and functionality of the obtained PL. In addition, relevant questions concerning the definition of PL release criteria, including concentration ranges of specific growth factors in PL batches for various clinical indications, also need to be addressed. We are still far from a common definition of PL and standardized PL manufacture due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate PL-promoting cell growth. Here, we concisely discuss aspects of PL as MSC culture supplement as a preliminary step towards an agreed definition of the required characteristics of PL for the requirements of manufacturers and users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Department of Cell Therapeutics & Cell Processing, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Rodeghiero
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
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40
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Allen AB, Butts EB, Copland IB, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE. Human platelet lysate supplementation of mesenchymal stromal cell delivery: issues of xenogenicity and species variability. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2876-2884. [PMID: 27339032 DOI: 10.1002/term.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of fetal bovine serum (FBS) poses a problem for its use in the propagation of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy. Human platelet lysate (hPL), an enriched growth factor solution containing mitogenic and angiogenic cues, has potential utility in replacing FBS for human MSC (hMSC) delivery strategies. Despite its potentiation of hMSC number in vitro, little is known concerning its capacity to supplement implanted hMSC-seeded constructs and promote tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, we tested the effects of incorporating hPL in cell-seeded constructs implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised rats, investigated in vitro interactions between hPL and rat MSCs (rMSCs) and determined interspecies variability in the PL product [hPL vs rat PL (rPL)] and its effect on cultured MSCs (hPL/hMSCs vs rPL/rMSCs). The overarching aim was to determine the utility of hPL to foster MSC survival in preclinical rodent models. Exposure to hPL-supplemented media resulted in rMSC death, by a process attributable to heat-labile proteins, but not membrane attack complex formation. In the in vitro syngeneic model, the rodent product proved fundamentally distinct from the human product, with rPL having substantially lower growth factor content than hPL. Moreover, contrary to the positive effects of hPL on hMSC expansion, rPL did not reduce rMSC doubling time for the serum concentrations examined. When tested in vivo, hPL did not improve cell survival within hydrogel constructs through 2 weeks postimplantation. In summary, this study highlights the many facets of xenogenicity and interspecies variability that must be considered in the preclinical evaluation of hPL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Allen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily B Butts
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian B Copland
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wuchter P, Vetter M, Saffrich R, Diehlmann A, Bieback K, Ho AD, Horn P. Evaluation of GMP-compliant culture media for in vitro expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:508-18. [PMID: 26911671 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from human bone marrow serve as a resource for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. Clinical applications require standardized protocols according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. Donor variability as well as the intrinsic heterogeneity of MSC populations must be taken into consideration. The composition of the culture medium is a key factor in successful MSC expansion. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess the efficiency of xeno-free human platelet lysate (HPL)-based cell expansion with two commercially available media-StemPro MSC SFM CTS (for human ex vivo tissue and cell culture processing applications) and MSCGM (non-GMP-compliant, for research only)-in an academic setting as the first optimization step toward GMP-compliant manufacturing. We report the feasibility of MSC expansion up to the yielded cell number with all three media. MSCs exhibited the typical fibroblastoid morphology, with distinct differences in cell size depending on the medium. The differentiation capacity and characteristic immunophenotype were confirmed for all MSC populations. Proliferation was highest using StemPro MSC SFM CTS, whereas HPL medium was more cost-effective and its composition could be adjusted individually according to the respective needs. In summary, we present a comprehensive evaluation of GMP-compatible culture media for MSC expansion. Both StemPro and HPL medium proved to be suitable for clinical application and allowed sufficient cell proliferation. Specific differences were observed and should be considered according to the intended use. This study provides a detailed cost analysis and tools that may be helpful for the establishment of GMP-compliant MSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Vetter
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke Diehlmann
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wu RX, Yu Y, Yin Y, Zhang XY, Gao LN, Chen FM. Platelet lysate supports the in vitro expansion of human periodontal ligament stem cells for cytotherapeutic use. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2261-2275. [PMID: 26833905 DOI: 10.1002/term.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (PL) produced under optimal conditions of standardization and safety has been increasingly suggested as the future 'gold standard' supplement to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) for the ex vivo propagation of mesenchymal stem cells for translational medicine and cell therapy applications. However, the multifaceted effects of PL on tissue-specific stem cells remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the stem cell behaviours of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in media with or without PL. Our data indicate that human PL, either as an adjuvant for culture media or as a substitute for FBS, supports the proliferation and expansion of human PDLSCs derived from either 'young' or 'old' donors to the same extent as FBS, without interfering with their immunomodulatory capacities. Although PL appears to inhibit the in vitro differentiation of 'young' or 'old' PDLSCs, their decreased osteogenic potential may be restored to similar or higher levels compared with FBS-expanded cells. PL- and FBS-expanded PDLSCs exhibited a similar potential to form mineralized nodules and expressed similar levels of osteogenic genes. Our data indicate that large clinically relevant quantities of PDLSCs may be yielded by the use of human PL; however, further analysis of its precise composition and function will pave the way for determining optimized, defined culture conditions. In addition to the potential increase in patient safety, our findings highlight the need for further research to develop the potential of PL-expanded PDLSCs for clinical use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Biomaterials Unit, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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43
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Castro-Silva II, Castro LDO, Machado JJDS, Nicola MHA, Granjeiro JM. Isolation of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells: a promising candidate for cell-based therapy for bone repair. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 9:449-55. [PMID: 26761244 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082011ao2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells and to prove its applicability as a promising candidate for cell-based therapeutics for bone repair. METHODS Primary cultures of human umbilical blood cord adherent cells were expanded in vitro until passage 2 and seeded for osteodifferentiation study. Morphological (light microscopy), cytochemical (Von Kossa's method), and functional analyses (calcium level, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein content in cell culture) were carried out 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the osteoinduction protocol. RESULTS The proliferative step showed colony-forming units in 7 days. After osteoinduction, cuboidal cellular morphology similar to osteoblasts at 14 days and mineralization nodules and biochemical changes (increased alkaline phosphatase level and calcium deposits) at 21 days confirmed the osteodifferentiation process. CONCLUSION Cell culture of human umbilical blood cord is a reliable technique, constituting itself as an alternative source of osteoprogenitor cells for experimental needs. More animal tests and clinical trials must be carried out to validate its use and to establish quality control of future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapy aimed at bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Iuco Castro-Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | | | | | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Padronização e Qualidade Industrial - DIPRO-INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, BR
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Bieback K, Netsch P. Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1416:245-58. [PMID: 27236676 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB) is considered one of the youngest available sources of adult stem cells. Besides hematopoietic stem cells, CB has been shown to contain endothelial progenitor cells as well as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC). To isolate MSC from cord blood, CB is collected into a sterile bag containing the anticoagulant citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD). The CB is then processed by density-gradient centrifugation to obtain mononuclear cells (MNC). These are cultured until the outgrowth of fibroblastoid cell colonies appears. After reaching a subconfluent stage, cells are harvested, expanded, and characterized as cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSC) according to standard criteria: plastic adherence, fibroblast morphology, CFU-f assay, proliferation potential, immune phenotype, and differentiation potential.Apparently, the frequency of MSC in CB is extremely low. Thus, not every CB unit will provide adequate MSC isolation yields. Different strategies have been proposed aiming to optimize the isolation success by selecting CB units of optimal quality. It is commonly agreed on that a high CB volume, a high cellular content, and a short time frame between birth and MSC isolation are criteria that will enhance the MSC isolation success.The procedures in this chapter are standardized protocols that were established and optimized in the authors' research laboratory; however, various modifications of the protocols are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.
| | - Philipp Netsch
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany
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Ketterl N, Brachtl G, Schuh C, Bieback K, Schallmoser K, Reinisch A, Strunk D. A robust potency assay highlights significant donor variation of human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell immune modulatory capacity and extended radio-resistance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:236. [PMID: 26620155 PMCID: PMC4666276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherent immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) encouraged initiation of multiple clinical trials. Release criteria for therapeutic MSPCs cover identity, purity and safety but appropriate potency assessment is often missing. Reports on functional heterogeneity of MSPCs created additional uncertainty regarding donor and organ/source selection. We established a robust immunomodulation potency assay based on pooling responder leukocytes to minimize individual immune response variability. Comparing various MSPCs revealed significant potency inconsistency and generally diminished allo-immunosuppression compared to dose-dependent inhibition of mitogenesis. Gamma-irradiation to block unintended MSPC proliferation did not prohibit chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo, indicating the need for alternative safety strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ketterl
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Cornelia Schuh
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Panchalingam KM, Jung S, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26597928 PMCID: PMC4657237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Burnouf T, Strunk D, Koh MBC, Schallmoser K. Human platelet lysate: Replacing fetal bovine serum as a gold standard for human cell propagation? Biomaterials 2015; 76:371-87. [PMID: 26561934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The essential physiological role of platelets in wound healing and tissue repair builds the rationale for the use of human platelet derivatives in regenerative medicine. Abundant growth factors and cytokines stored in platelet granules can be naturally released by thrombin activation and clotting or artificially by freeze/thaw-mediated platelet lysis, sonication or chemical treatment. Human platelet lysate prepared by the various release strategies has been established as a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum as culture medium supplement, enabling efficient propagation of human cells under animal serum-free conditions for a multiplicity of applications in advanced somatic cell therapy and tissue engineering. The rapidly increasing number of studies using platelet derived products for inducing human cell proliferation and differentiation has also uncovered a considerable variability of human platelet lysate preparations which limits comparability of results. The main variations discussed herein encompass aspects of donor selection, preparation of the starting material, the possibility for pooling in plasma or additive solution, the implementation of pathogen inactivation and consideration of ABO blood groups, all of which can influence applicability. This review outlines the current knowledge about human platelet lysate as a powerful additive for human cell propagation and highlights its role as a prevailing supplement for human cell culture capable to replace animal serum in a growing spectrum of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Experimental & Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Mickey B C Koh
- Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore; Department for Hematology, St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Antoninus AA, Widowati W, Wijaya L, Agustina D, Puradisastra S, Sumitro SB, Widodo M, Bachtiar I. Human platelet lysate enhances the proliferation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Effect of serum choice on replicative senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:874-84. [PMID: 25800776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for innovative cell therapeutic applications. Before their use, however, they usually need to be expanded in vitro with serum-supplemented media. MSCs can undergo replicative senescence during in vitro expansion, but it is not yet clear how serum supplements influence this process. METHODS In the present study, we compared how media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or calf serum (CS) affected morphology, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and other functional characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). RESULTS UC-MSCs cultured in both FBS- and CS-containing media were able to differentiate along osteogenic and adipogenic lineages but ultimately reached proliferation arrest. However, senescence-associated characteristics, such as β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, proliferation rate and gene expression, demonstrate that UC-MSCs grown with FBS have better proliferation potential and differentiation capacity. In contrast, UC-MSCs grown with CS have a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and senescent characteristics. Possible mechanisms for the observed phenotypes include changes in gene expression (Bax, p16, p21 and p53) and cytokine production (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FBS-supplemented media provides a better microenvironment for the expansion of UC-MSCs in vitro than CS-supplemented media. This work provides insight into MSCs generation practices for use in basic research and clinical therapies.
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