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Kreft K, Fanous M, Möckel V. The potential of three-dimensional printing for pediatric oral solid dosage forms. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:229-248. [PMID: 38815205 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric patients often require individualized dosing of medicine due to their unique pharmacokinetic and developmental characteristics. Current methods for tailoring the dose of pediatric medications, such as tablet splitting or compounding liquid formulations, have limitations in terms of dosing accuracy and palatability. This paper explores the potential of 3D printing as a solution to address the challenges and provide tailored doses of medication for each pediatric patient. The technological overview of 3D printing is discussed, highlighting various 3D printing technologies and their suitability for pharmaceutical applications. Several individualization options with the potential to improve adherence are discussed, such as individualized dosage, custom release kinetics, tablet shape, and palatability. To integrate the preparation of 3D printed medication at the point of care, a decentralized manufacturing model is proposed. In this setup, pharmaceutical companies would routinely provide materials and instructions for 3D printing, while specialized compounding centers or hospital pharmacies perform the printing of medication. In addition, clinical opportunities of 3D printing for dose-finding trials are emphasized. On the other hand, current challenges in adequate dosing, regulatory compliance, adherence to quality standards, and maintenance of intellectual property need to be addressed for 3D printing to close the gap in personalized oral medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Kreft
- 1Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., a Sandoz Company, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Santitewagun S, Thakkar R, Zeitler JA, Maniruzzaman M. Detecting Crystallinity Using Terahertz Spectroscopy in 3D Printed Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2380-2389. [PMID: 35670498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the applicability of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in evaluating the solid-state of the drug in selective laser sintering-based 3D printed dosage forms. Selective laser sintering is a powder bed-based 3D printing platform, which has recently demonstrated applicability in manufacturing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) through a layer-by-layer fusion process. When formulating ASDs, it is critical to confirm the final solid state of the drug as residual crystallinity can alter the performance of the formulation. Moreover, SLS 3D printing does not involve the mixing of the components during the process, which can lead to partially amorphous systems causing reproducibility and storage stability problems along with possibilities of unwanted polymorphism. In this study, a previously investigated SLS 3D printed ASD was characterized using THz-TDS and compared with traditionally used solid-state characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (pXRD). THz-TDS provided deeper insights into the solid state of the dosage forms and their properties. Moreover, THz-TDS was able to detect residual crystallinity in granules prepared using twin-screw granulation for the 3D printing process, which was undetectable by the DSC and XRD. THz-TDS can prove to be a useful tool in gaining deeper insights into the solid-state properties and further aid in predicting the stability of amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawan Santitewagun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Eleftheriadis GK, Genina N, Boetker J, Rantanen J. Modular design principle based on compartmental drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113921. [PMID: 34390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current manufacturing solutions for oral solid dosage forms are fundamentally based on technologies from the 19th century. This approach is well suited for mass production of one-size-fits-all products; however, it does not allow for a straight-forward personalization and mass customization of the pharmaceutical end-product. In order to provide better therapies to the patients, a need for innovative manufacturing concepts and product design principles has been rising. Additive manufacturing opens up a possibility for compartmentalization of drug products, including design of spatially separated multidrug and functional excipient compartments. This compartmentalized solution can be further expanded to modular design thinking. Modular design is referring to combination of building blocks containing a given amount of drug compound(s) and related functional excipients into a larger final product. Implementation of modular design principles is paving the way for implementing the emerging personalization potential within health sciences by designing compartmental and reactive product structures that can be manufactured based on the individual needs of each patient. This review will introduce the existing compartmentalized product design principles and discuss the integration of these into edible electronics allowing for innovative control of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A review of three-dimensional printing for pharmaceutical applications: Quality control, risk assessment and future perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Melocchi A, Uboldi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, Moutaharrik S, Cerea M, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Palugan L, Zema L, Gazzaniga A. The Chronotopic™ System for Pulsatile and Colonic Delivery of Active Molecules in the Era of Precision Medicine: Feasibility by 3D Printing via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050759. [PMID: 34065414 PMCID: PMC8161275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile-release Chronotopic™ system was conceived of as a drug-containing core surrounded by a coat made of swellable/soluble hydrophilic polymers, the latter being able to provide a programmable lag phase prior to drug liberation. This system was also proposed in a colon-targeting configuration, entailing a gastroresistant film to prevent early interaction of the inner coat with gastric fluids and enabling the attainment of a lag phase matching the small intestinal transit time. Over the years, various multiple-step manufacturing processes have been tested for the fabrication of the Chronotopic™ system in both its configurations. This work focused on the evaluation of 3D printing by fused deposition modeling in view of its potential towards product personalization, on demand one-step manufacturing and efficient scale down of batches. The feasibility of each part of the Chronotopic™ system was independently investigated starting from in-house made filaments, characterizing the resulting specimens for physico-technological and performance characteristics. The printing parameters identified as suitable during the set-up phase were then used to fabricate prototypes either in a single step for the pulsatile configuration or following two different fabrication approaches for the colon-targeting one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Melocchi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Uboldi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Saliha Moutaharrik
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Cerea
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anastasia Foppoli
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca Palugan
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Zema
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-032-4654
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
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Melocchi A, Uboldi M, Cerea M, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Moutaharrik S, Palugan L, Zema L, Gazzaniga A. A Graphical Review on the Escalation of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printing in the Pharmaceutical Field. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2943-2957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3D printing by fused deposition modeling of single- and multi-compartment hollow systems for oral delivery – A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Govender R, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Larsson A, Folestad S. Therapy for the individual: Towards patient integration into the manufacturing and provision of pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:58-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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