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Greither T, Wedler A, Rot S, Keßler J, Kehlen A, Holzhausen HJ, Bache M, Würl P, Taubert H, Kappler M. CMG2 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122648. [PMID: 29215551 PMCID: PMC5751250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), also known as the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), is a transmembrane protein putatively involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and tissue remodeling. CMG2 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and exhibits angiogenic properties. Its downregulation is associated with a worsened survival of breast carcinoma patients. Aim of this study was to analyze the CMG2 mRNA and protein expression in soft tissue sarcoma and their association with patient outcome. CMG2 mRNA was measured in 121 tumor samples of soft tissue sarcoma patients using quantitative real-time PCR. CMG2 protein was evaluated in 52 tumor samples by ELISA. CMG2 mRNA was significantly correlated with the corresponding CMG2 protein expression (rs = 0.31; p = 0.027). CMG2 mRNA expression was associated with the mRNA expressions of several ECM and tissue remodeling enzymes, among them CD26 and components of the uPA system. Low CMG2 mRNA expression was correlated with a worsened patients’ disease-specific survival in Kaplan-Meier analyses (mean patient survival was 25 vs. 96 months; p = 0.013), especially in high-stage tumors. A decreased CMG2 expression is a negative prognostic factor for soft tissue sarcoma patients. CMG2 may be an interesting candidate gene for the further exploration of soft tissue sarcoma genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alice Wedler
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Jacqueline Keßler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Astrid Kehlen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holzhausen
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Peter Würl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Dessau, 06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, FA University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Zhao S, Dorn J, Napieralski R, Walch A, Diersch S, Kotzsch M, Ahmed N, Hooper JD, Kiechle M, Schmitt M, Magdolen V. Plasmin(ogen) serves as a favorable biomarker for prediction of survival in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Biol Chem 2017; 398:765-773. [PMID: 27935848 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In serous ovarian cancer, the clinical relevance of tumor cell-expressed plasmin(ogen) (PLG) has not yet been evaluated. Due to its proteolytic activity, plasmin supports tumorigenesis, however, angiostatin(-like) fragments, derived from PLG, can also function as potent anti-tumorigenic factors. In the present study, we assessed PLG protein expression in 103 cases of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (FIGO III/IV) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In 70/103 cases, positive staining of tumor cells was observed. In univariate Cox regression analysis, PLG staining was positively associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR)=0.59, p=0.026] of the patients. In multivariable analysis, PLG, together with residual tumor mass, remained a statistically significant independent prognostic marker (HR=0.49, p=0.009). In another small patient cohort (n=29), we assessed mRNA expression levels of PLG by quantitative PCR. Here, elevated PLG mRNA levels were also significantly associated with prolonged OS of patients (Kaplan-Meier analysis; p=0.001). This finding was validated by in silico analysis of a microarray data set (n=398) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (Kaplan-Meier analysis; p=0.031). In summary, these data indicate that elevated PLG expression represents a favorable prognostic biomarker in advanced (FIGO III/IV) high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Buchta CM, Boi SK, Miller BJ, Milhem MM, Norian LA. Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Protumorigenic Systemic Environment in Sarcoma Subjects. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:20-28. [PMID: 29202127 PMCID: PMC5711445 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare but fatal tumor type that accounts for <1% of adult solid malignancies and ~15% of childhood malignancies. Although the use of immunotherapy is being actively investigated for other solid tumors, advances in immunotherapy for sarcoma patients are lacking. To better understand the systemic immune environment in sarcoma patients, we performed a detailed multiplex analysis of serum cytokines, chemokines, and protumorigenic factors from treatment-naive subjects with localized, high-grade sarcoma. Because obesity is a major healthcare issue in the United States, we additionally examined the effects of obesity on serum protein profiles in our sarcoma subject cohort. We found that the systemic host environment is profoundly altered to favor tumor progression, with epidermal growth factor, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor A, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1β all increased relative to tumor-free controls (all p < 0.05). Surprisingly, we found that obesity did not exacerbate this protumorigenic profile, as epidermal growth factor and IL-8 decreased with increasing subject body mass index (both p < 0.05 versus normal or overweight subjects). The Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were also decreased in the presence of obesity. Thus, although the systemic environment in sarcoma subjects favors tumor progression, obesity does not further aggravate the production of protumorigenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Buchta
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Shannon K Boi
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Immunology Theme, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Benjamin J Miller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mohammed M Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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Al Maamari E, Al Ameri M, Al Mansouri S, Bahi A. Inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator "uPA" activity alters ethanol consumption and conditioned place preference in mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1391-403. [PMID: 25258509 PMCID: PMC4172050 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s68636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA, is a serine protease implicated in addiction to drugs of abuse. Using its specific inhibitor, B428, we and others have characterized the role of uPA in the rewarding properties of psychostimulants, including cocaine and amphetamine, but none have examined the role of uPA in ethanol use disorders. Therefore, in the current study, we extended our observations to the role of uPA in ethanol consumption and ethanol-induced conditioned place preference. The general aim of the present series of experiments was to investigate the effects of the administration of the B428 on voluntary alcohol intake and ethanol conditioned reward. A two-bottle choice, unlimited-access paradigm was used to compare ethanol intake between vehicle- and 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg B428-administered mice. For this purpose, the mice were presented with an ethanol solution (2.5%-20%) and water, at each concentration for 4 days, and their consumption was measured daily. Consumption of saccharin and quinine solutions was also measured. Systemic administration of B428 dose-dependently decreased ethanol intake and preference. Additionally, B428 mice did not differ from vehicle mice in their intake of graded solutions of tastants, suggesting that the uPA inhibition did not alter taste function. Also, ethanol metabolism was not affected following B428 injection. More importantly, 1.5 g/kg ethanol-induced conditioned place preference acquisition was blocked following B428 administration. Taken together, our results are the first to implicate uPA inhibition in the regulation of ethanol consumption and preference, and suggest that uPA may be considered as a possible therapeutic drug target for alcoholism and abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyazia Al Maamari
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mouza Al Ameri
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamma Al Mansouri
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amine Bahi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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New Medical/Biologic Paradigms in the Treatment of Bone Tumors. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang HT, Guo HF, Tan XD, Zhang J, Li HS, Yang YF, Wang ZP, Sun Y, Zhang XB. Involvement of plasminogen cascade proteins in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2258-2266. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i23.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To discuss the potential role of plasminogen cascade proteins in the dissociation and subsequent invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
METHODS: The expression of plasminogen, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of pancreatic cancer. The correlation between expression of plasminogen cascade proteins and cell dissociation and invasion was analyzed.
RESULTS: Plasminogen, uPA and uPAR were strongly expressed in conditioned medium of dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1.0), but weakly expressed in conditioned medium of non-dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1). uPA treatment significantly induced the expression of plasminogen and uPAR in conditioned medium of non-dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1). Stronger expression of plasminogen and uPAR was observed at the invasive front end than at the center of human pancreatic cancer tissue. Plasmin treatment induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression in PC-1 cells. Treatment with plasmin or uPA obviously induced invasiveness and dissociation of cell colonies in PC-1 cells.
CONCLUSION: The plasminogen cascade is involved in cell dissociation in the early stage of invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The plasminogen cascade may be a potential molecular target for anti-invasion and anti-metastasis therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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