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Arias-Pulido H, Cimino-Mathews AM, Chaher N, Qualls CR, Joste N, Colpaert C, Marotti JD, Chamberlin MD, Foisey MG, Prossnitz ER, Emens LA, Fiering S. Differential effects of CD20+ B cells and PD-L1+ immune cells on pathologic complete response and outcome: comparison between inflammatory breast cancer and locally advanced breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:477-489. [PMID: 34542773 PMCID: PMC8603784 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated epidemiologic and immune factors associated with pathologic complete response (pCR), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes in inflammatory (IBC) and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. METHODS Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD20+ B-cell frequencies (CD20+), and PD-L1 expression on tumor (PD-L1+carcinoma cells) and immune (PD-L1+TILs) cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry along with clinicopathologic factors as modifiers of pCR and outcomes in 221 IBC and 162 LABC patients. Analysis included Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS IBC and LABC display similar levels of TILs, CD20+, and combined CD20+ and PD-L1+TILs (CD20+PD-L1+TILs), while LABC contained more PD-L1+TILs and PD-L1+ carcinoma cells. Absence of lymphovascular involvement, high TILs, PD-L1+ carcinoma cells, and combined CD20+ and PD-L1+ carcinoma cells correlated with pCR in IBC and LABC patients. High PD-L1+TILs correlated with pCR only in LABC; less lymph node involvement at diagnosis, CD20+ and CD20+PD-L1+TILs correlated with pCR only in IBC (P < 0.04, all comparisons). Achievement of pCR in IBC and LABC patients correlated with BCSS and DFS (P < 0.02). In multivariate analyses, pCR remained an independent prognostic factor of improved DFS in IBC and LABC patients, but of BCSS in only LABC. CD20+PD-L1+TILs remained an independent prognostic factor of improved DFS and BCSS only in IBC. CONCLUSION CD20+PD-L1+TILs are an independent prognostic biomarker of improved outcomes in IBC, but not LABC. Selecting IBC patients by CD20 and PD-L1 status could stratify patients and potentially identify those in whom activating CD20 agents and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 621 Rubin Building-HB7936, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | | | - Nabila Chaher
- Department of Pathology, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, EHS Salim Zemirli et Faculté de Médecine d'Alger, Université Alger 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Clifford Ray Qualls
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Douglas Marotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Mary Dickinson Chamberlin
- Department of Medical Oncology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maxwell Gabriel Foisey
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 621 Rubin Building-HB7936, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Eric Robert Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Leisha Ann Emens
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 621 Rubin Building-HB7936, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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