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Ren DW, Hsu HK, Brook J, D'Souza G, Rao JY, Brown T, Moran M, Jenkins FJ, Rodriguez E, Elashoff D, Young S, Joste N, Bolan RK, Kim S, Reddy S, Chiao E, Stier E, Wiley D. EPR24-116: Improving Anal Cancer Screening: A Comparative Analysis of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Tests, Alone or in Combination With Anal Cytology Assays, to Predict High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:EPR24-116. [PMID: 38579779 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Ren
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hilary K Hsu
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jenny Brook
- 2David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jian Yu Rao
- 2David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- 4UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Todd Brown
- 3Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matt Moran
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Frank J Jenkins
- 5University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ernesto Rodriguez
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- 6UCLA Health Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Nancy Joste
- 8University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Seongmeen Kim
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susheel Reddy
- 10Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Elizabeth Stier
- 12Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dorothy Wiley
- 1University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Cuzick J, Du R, Adcock R, Kinney W, Joste N, McDonald RM, English K, Torres SM, Saslow D, Wheeler CM. Uptake of co-testing with HPV and cytology for cervical screening: A population-based evaluation in the United States. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:555-559. [PMID: 34253387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening has been shown to increase the yield of precancerous disease and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer more than cytology alone. Here we document the state-wide uptake of co-testing with HPV and cytology in women aged 30-64 years as recommended by national and international bodies. METHODS Registry-based study of all screening cytology and HPV tests in New Mexico from 2008 to 2019 among women aged 21-64 years, with a focus on cytology negative tests to distinguish co-testing from reflex HPV testing to triage equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology. RESULTS A total of 1,704,055 cervical screening tests from 681,440 women aged 21-64 years in the state of New Mexico were identified. The proportion of screening tests which were co-tests rose from 5.6% in 2008 to 84.3% in 2019 among women aged 30-64 years with a marked change from the near exclusive use of the Hybrid Capture II HPV test, (a signal amplified test method) to the use of target amplified HPV tests. The largest increases were seen between 2013 and 2015, reflecting the introduction and adoption of new clinical guidelines. Increases in co-testing were also seen in younger women. CONCLUSIONS Co-testing is now well established in women aged 30-64 years, but smaller increases have also been seen at younger ages, although this is not currently recommended. The impact of co-testing on cervical disease outcomes and number of colposcopies and biopsies in routine population settings remain important, especially in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruofei Du
- University of New Mexico (UNM) Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachael Adcock
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Nancy Joste
- UNM Health Sciences Center (HSC), Department of Pathology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ruth M McDonald
- UNM Health Sciences Center (HSC), Department of Pathology, Albuquerque, NM, USA; UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for HPV Prevention, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Cosette M Wheeler
- UNM Health Sciences Center (HSC), Department of Pathology, Albuquerque, NM, USA; UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for HPV Prevention, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Yilmaz E, Gan GN, Schroeder TM, Cowan A, Joste N. Role of molecular signature to differentiate second primary lung cancer from metastasis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1363. [PMID: 34161676 PMCID: PMC8388157 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung is the most common site of distant metastasis for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, differentiating second primary lung cancers from metastasis may be difficult for p16 negative HNSCC. Case We describe a case of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who was found to have lung nodule and hilar lymphadenopathy (LAD) after surgery and radiation therapy. Hilar node was consistent with SCC however, it was difficult to differentiate second primary lung cancer and metastasis from oral cavity SCC. Next‐generation sequencing was done for the primary oral cavity and the hilar node. Both samples had the same type of TP53 mutation and variants of unknown significance suggesting metastatic HNSCC. He was treated with a chemotherapy regimen for metastatic HNSCC. Conclusion Molecular studies can help to differentiate metastasis from second primary lung cancers for p16 negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrullah Yilmaz
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Thomas M Schroeder
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew Cowan
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Lipscomb MF, Bailey DN, Howell LP, Johnson R, Joste N, Leonard DGB, Markwood P, Pinn VW, Powell D, Thornburg M, Zander DS. Women in Academic Pathology: Pathways to Department Chair. Acad Pathol 2021; 8:23742895211010322. [PMID: 35155746 PMCID: PMC8819823 DOI: 10.1177/23742895211010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Association of Pathology Chairs, an organization of American and Canadian
academic pathology departments, has a record percent of women department chairs
in its ranks (31%), although still not representative of the percent of women
pathology faculty (43%). These women chairs were surveyed to determine what had
impeded and what had facilitated their academic advancement before becoming
chairs. The 2 most frequently identified impediments to their career advancement
were heavy clinical loads and the lack of time, training, and/or funding to
pursue research. Related to the second impediment, only one respondent became
chair of a department which was in a top 25 National Institutes of
Health–sponsored research medical school. Eighty-nine percent of respondents
said that they had experienced gender bias during their careers in pathology,
and 31% identified gender bias as an important impediment to advancement. The
top facilitator of career advancement before becoming chairs was a supportive
family. Strikingly, 98% of respondents have a spouse or partner, 75% have
children, and 38% had children younger than 18 when becoming chairs. Additional
top facilitators were opportunities to attend national meetings and
opportunities to participate in leadership. Previous leadership experiences
included directing a clinical service, a residency training program, and/or a
medical student education program. These results suggest important ways to
increase the success of women in academic pathology and increasing the percent
of women department chairs, including supporting a family life and providing
time, encouragement and resources for research, attending national meetings, and
taking on departmental leadership positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. Lipscomb
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David N. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lydia P. Howell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Debra G. B. Leonard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Vivian W. Pinn
- National Institutes of Health (retired), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deborah Powell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Dani S. Zander
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Wiley DJ, Hsu HK, Jasuja R, Brown TT, Lawney B, Guo R, Elashoff D, Young S, Joste N, Bhasin S, Whitford S, Cranston R, Moran M, Rodriguez E, D'Souza G, Reddy S. Serum testosterone and estradiol modify risk of anal HPV16/18 infections but only estradiol influences risk for histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Papillomavirus Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Robbins HA, Wiley DJ, Ho K, Plankey M, Reddy S, Joste N, Darragh TM, Breen EC, Young S, D'Souza G. Patterns of repeated anal cytology results among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Papillomavirus Res 2018; 5:143-149. [PMID: 29626643 PMCID: PMC5909063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for anal cancer. In cervical cancer screening, patterns of repeated cytology results are used to identify low- and high-risk women, but little is known about these patterns for anal cytology among MSM. Methods We analyzed Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) data for MSM who were offered anal cytology testing annually (HIV-positive) or every 2 years (HIV-negative) for 4 years. Results Following an initial negative (normal) cytology, the frequency of a second negative cytology was lower among HIV-positive MSM with CD4 ≥ 500 (74%) or CD4 < 500 (68%) than HIV-negative MSM (83%) (p < 0.001). After an initial abnormal cytology, the frequency of a second abnormal cytology was highest among HIV-positive MSM with CD4 < 500 (70%) compared to CD4 ≥ 500 (53%) or HIV-negative MSM (46%) (p = 0.003). Among HIV-positive MSM with at least three results, 37% had 3 consecutive negative results; 3 consecutive abnormal results were more frequent among CD4 < 500 (22%) than CD4 ≥ 500 (10%) (p = 0.008). Conclusions More than one-third of HIV-positive MSM have consistently negative anal cytology over three years. Following abnormal anal cytology, a repeated cytology is commonly negative in HIV-negative or immunocompetent HIV-positive men, while persistent cytological abnormality is more likely among HIV-positive men with CD4 < 500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Robbins
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E6132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dorothy J Wiley
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ken Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susheel Reddy
- Department of Infectious Disease, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM and Tricore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Young
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM and Tricore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E6132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Leyba K, Swaminathan R, Jones A, Russell J, Joste N, Bisoffi M, Trujillo K. Combining the sick lobe theory with markers of field cancerization for refinement of a personalized surgical margin. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:956-957. [PMID: 28695575 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Leyba
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Radha Swaminathan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Anna Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - John Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Marco Bisoffi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | - Kristina Trujillo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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8
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Lebya K, Garcia‐Smith R, Swaminathan R, Jones A, Russell J, Joste N, Bisoffi M, Trujillo K. Towards a personalized surgical margin for breast conserving surgery—Implications of field cancerization in local recurrence. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:109-115. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lebya
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Randi Garcia‐Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | | | - Anna Jones
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Science CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - John Russell
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of New Mexico Health Science CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of PathologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Science CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Marco Bisoffi
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchmid College of Science and Technology Chapman UniversityOrangeCalifornia
| | - Kristina Trujillo
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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Gage JC, Joste N, Ronnett BM, Stoler M, Hunt WC, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM. Corrigendum to "A comparison of cervical histopathology variability using whole slide digitized images versus glass slides: experience with a statewide registry" [HumAN PatholOGY 2013;44:2542-2548]. Hum Pathol 2016; 52:201. [PMID: 27141825 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, Center for HPV Prevention, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Brigitte M Ronnett
- Departments of Pathology and Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark Stoler
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - William C Hunt
- Department of Pathology, Center for HPV Prevention, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Cosette M Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Center for HPV Prevention, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Qualls C, Kornfeld M, Joste N, Ali AM, Appenzeller O. MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MPV17-NNH) revisited. eNeurologicalSci 2016; 2:8-13. [PMID: 29473055 PMCID: PMC5818138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (previously known as Navajo neurohepatopathy) was discovered in children in the Four Corner's region of New Mexico approximately 40 years ago. This disease is associated with a single missense mutation in exon 2 in the MPV17 gene. The syndrome has now been recognized world-wide. We find that huge quantities of neurotoxins were present in archived nervous tissues from such patients. Arsenic was increased 18 ×, cadmium ~ 10 ×, cobalt 2.5 × and manganese 2.3 ×; the largest increase was in mercury content 16,000 × compared to contemporaneous fresh-frozen normal nervous tissues. In the Four Corner's region of NM the life span is reduced compared to other parts of the United States and in our patients with MPV17-NNH the average life span was 5.4 years ± 2.7 (SE) years. We now live in the Anthropocene an epoch characterized by large additions to the biosphere of neurotoxins. The effects of such toxic loads on human health and disease remain to be assessed. We speculate how such high neurotoxin content in tissues, which is likely to increase during the Anthropocene, may have influenced MPV17-NNH and similar phenotypes in different parts of the world. Our results imply that selenium supplementation to the diet in the Four Corner's region of NM might be beneficial to normal people and in the management of patients with MPV17-NNH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Qualls
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, United States
| | - Mario Kornfeld
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, United States
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, United States
| | - Abdul-Mehdi Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, United States
| | - Otto Appenzeller
- Department of Neurology, NMHEMC Research Foundation, Albuquerque, NM 87122, United States
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Gage JC, Joste N, Ronnett BM, Stoler M, Hunt WC, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM. A comparison of cervical histopathology variability using whole slide digitized images versus glass slides: experience with a statewide registry. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2542-8. [PMID: 24075599 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Whole slide imaging is increasingly used for primary and consultative diagnoses, teaching, telepathology, slide sharing, and archiving. We compared pathologist evaluations of glass slides and corresponding digitized images within the context of a statewide surveillance effort. Cervical specimens collected by the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry research program targeted cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. Two samples of 250 slides each were digitized with the ScanScope XT (Aperio, Vista, CA) microscope and reviewed with Aperio ImageScope reader. (1) A "random set" had a distribution of community diagnoses: 70% from cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher, 20% from cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 and 10% from negative cases. (2) A "discrepant set" was represented by difficult cases where 2 study pathologists initially disagreed. Within the regular workflow of the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry, 3 pathologists read the slides 2 to 3 times each without knowledge of clinical history, previous readings or sampling scheme. Pathologists also read each corresponding image twice. For within- and between-reader comparisons we calculated unweighted κ statistics and asymmetry χ(2) tests. Across all comparisons, slides and images yielded similar results. For the random set, almost all within-reader and between-reader Kappa values ranged between 0.7 and 0.8 and 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. For the discrepant set, most within- and between-reader κ values were 0.4 to 0.6. As cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnostic terminology changes, pathologists may need to re-read histopathology slides to compare disease trends over time, eg, before/after introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination. Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia differed little between slides and corresponding digitized images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
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13
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Gage JC, Schiffman M, Hunt WC, Joste N, Ghosh A, Wentzensen N, Wheeler CM. Cervical histopathology variability among laboratories: a population-based statewide investigation. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 139:330-5. [PMID: 23429369 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpsd3zxjxp7nnb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To inform the proposed systematic adjudicative staining of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) and equivocal diagnoses, we characterized diagnostic heterogeneity across 15 laboratories. Laboratory-specific distributions of 37,486 biopsy specimen diagnoses were compared after adjusting for preceding cytology. In a subset of preceding cytology specimens, HPV16 genotyping was considered an indicator of lesion severity. Distributions of normal and CIN1 diagnoses varied widely, with laboratories favoring either normal (5.5%-57.7%) or CIN1 diagnoses (23.3%-86.7%; P < .001 for normal:CIN1 variability). Excluding extreme values, 6.2% to 14.4% of diagnoses were CIN2 (P < .001). For CIN2 diagnoses, HPV16 positivity in the preceding cytology varied between 39.0% in the largest laboratory and 57.4% in others (P < .001), suggesting differential interpretation, not population differences, as a cause of variability. In conclusion, the frequency of diagnoses requiring special staining (p16(INK4a) immunostaining) to adjudicate equivocal CIN2 will be sizable and vary between laboratories, especially if extended to a fraction of CIN1 lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Gage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD
| | - William C. Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD
| | - Cosette M. Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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Tessema M, Yingling CM, Grimes MJ, Thomas CL, Liu Y, Leng S, Joste N, Belinsky S. Abstract 3147: Differential epigenetic regulation of TOX subfamily high mobility group box genes in lung and breast cancers. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aberrant cytosine methylation affects regulation of hundreds of genes during cancer development. In this study, a novel aberrantly hypermethylated CpG island in cancer was discovered within the TOX2 promoter. TOX2 was unmethylated in normal cells but 28% lung (n = 190) and 23% breast (n = 80) tumors were methylated. Expression of two novel TOX2 transcripts identified was significantly reduced in primary lung tumors than distant normal lung (p < 0.05). These transcripts were silenced in methylated lung and breast cancer cells and 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment re-expressed both. Extension of these assays to TOX, TOX3, and TOX4 genes that share similar genomic structure and protein homology with TOX2 revealed distinct methylation profiles by smoking status, histology, and cancer type. TOX was almost exclusively methylated in breast (43%) than lung (5%) cancer, whereas TOX3 was frequently methylated in lung (58%) than breast (30%) tumors. TOX4 was unmethylated in all samples and showed the highest expression in normal lung. Compared to TOX4, expression of TOX, TOX2 and TOX3 in normal lung was 25, 44, and 88% lower, respectively, supporting the premise that reduced promoter activity confers increased susceptibility to methylation during lung carcinogenesis. Genome-wide assays revealed that siRNA-mediated TOX2 knockdown modulated multiple pathways while TOX3 inactivation targeted neuronal development and function. Although these knockdowns did not result in further phenotypic changes of lung cancer cells in vitro, the impact on tissue remodeling, inflammatory response, and cell differentiation pathways suggest a potential role for TOX2 in modulating tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3147. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3147
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yushi Liu
- 1Lovelace Respiratory Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
| | - Shuguang Leng
- 1Lovelace Respiratory Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
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Tessema M, Yingling CM, Grimes MJ, Thomas CL, Liu Y, Leng S, Joste N, Belinsky SA. Differential epigenetic regulation of TOX subfamily high mobility group box genes in lung and breast cancers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34850. [PMID: 22496870 PMCID: PMC3319602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cytosine methylation affects regulation of hundreds of genes during cancer development. In this study, a novel aberrantly hypermethylated CpG island in cancer was discovered within the TOX2 promoter. TOX2 was unmethylated in normal cells but 28% lung (n = 190) and 23% breast (n = 80) tumors were methylated. Expression of two novel TOX2 transcripts identified was significantly reduced in primary lung tumors than distant normal lung (p<0.05). These transcripts were silenced in methylated lung and breast cancer cells and 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment re-expressed both. Extension of these assays to TOX, TOX3, and TOX4 genes that share similar genomic structure and protein homology with TOX2 revealed distinct methylation profiles by smoking status, histology, and cancer type. TOX was almost exclusively methylated in breast (43%) than lung (5%) cancer, whereas TOX3 was frequently methylated in lung (58%) than breast (30%) tumors. TOX4 was unmethylated in all samples and showed the highest expression in normal lung. Compared to TOX4, expression of TOX, TOX2 and TOX3 in normal lung was 25, 44, and 88% lower, respectively, supporting the premise that reduced promoter activity confers increased susceptibility to methylation during lung carcinogenesis. Genome-wide assays revealed that siRNA-mediated TOX2 knockdown modulated multiple pathways while TOX3 inactivation targeted neuronal development and function. Although these knockdowns did not result in further phenotypic changes of lung cancer cells in vitro, the impact on tissue remodeling, inflammatory response, and cell differentiation pathways suggest a potential role for TOX2 in modulating tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Tessema
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christin M. Yingling
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Marcie J. Grimes
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Thomas
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Yushi Liu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Nancy Joste
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tessema MZ, Yingling CM, Thomas CL, Klinge DM, Bernauer AM, Stidley C, Joste N, Dahlberg S, Schiller J, Belinsky SA. Abstract 87: SULF2 methylation is a prognostic biomarker for lung cancer survival and increases sensitivity to camptothecin analogues via expression of ISG15. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) serve as co-receptors for numerous signaling molecules including growth factors and cytokines. The sulfation pattern on the heparan sulfate (HS) motif is central to the interaction between HSPGs and the myriads of molecules including interferon (INF). SULF2 encodes for HS 6-O-endosulfatase enzyme that removes the 6-O-sulfate moieties from HS and regulates the specificity of this interaction. Increased expression of SULF2 promotes angiogenic and oncogenic signaling. In hepatocellular carcinoma higher expression of SULF2 is associated with worse prognosis after resection. Conversely, we recently reported that methylation-mediated SULF2 silencing is associated better survival of resected lung cancer patients. Here we show that SULF2 methylation is also a favorable survival marker in unresectable lung cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic silencing of SULF2 suppresses cell migration and induces the expression of multiple INF-inducible genes. Knocking down 80% of SULF2 expression in Calu-3 cells using siRNA resulted in 7-fold increase in the expression of INF-inducible regulator of ubiquitination, ISG15. Similarly, lung cancer cell lines with methylated SULF2 (SULF2M) on average express 60-fold higher ISG15 than cell lines with unmethylated SULF2 (SULF2U). ISG15 is a key marker for increased sensitivity of cancer cells to topoisomerase-1 inhibitors such as camptothecin and topotecan. In vitro treatment of lung cancer cell lines with camptothecin revealed a 65-fold higher sensitivity in cell lines with SULF2M and ISG15 high (ISG15H) phenotype compared to SULF2U and ISG15 low (ISG15L) cell lines. In nude mice, 10mg/kg/week topotecan treatment dramatically arrested the growth of SULF2M and ISG15H lung cancer xenografts but had no effect on SULF2U and ISG15L xenografts. Heterogeneity for ISG15 expression was also seen in primary tumors. One third of primary lung tumors have ISG15H phenotype with an average of 5-fold higher expression than the remaining 2/3rd tumors in which the ISG15 level is comparable to normal lung. Taken together these results indicate SULF2 methylation is not only a favorable prognostic marker for lung cancer, but through its association with increased expression of ISG15 could indicate a higher sensitivity to topoisomerase-1 inhibitors.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 87. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-87
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Soonthornthum T, Arias-Pulido H, Joste N, Lomo L, Muller C, Rutledge T, Verschraegen C. Epidermal growth factor receptor as a biomarker for cervical cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2166-78. [PMID: 21325449 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the different modes of expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). All methods used to assess EGFR expression are critically analyzed and insights into the use of inhibitors of EGFR for treatment of cervical cancer are discussed. Currently, expression of EGFR as a biomarker for prognosis or for treatment of cervical cancer is not defined for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soonthornthum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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18
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Chand HS, Schuyler M, Joste N, Hensler C, Tesfaigzi Y, Masten B, Schrader R, Lipscomb MF. Anti-IgE therapy results in decreased myeloid dendritic cells in asthmatic airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1157-1158.e5. [PMID: 20304471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Arias-Pulido H, Joste N, Lomo L, Chaher N, Lee S, Verschraegen C, Meisner A, Martinez C, Prossnitz E, Royce M. GPR30 and HER-2 Expression in Invasive and Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: GPR30 expression, a new estrogen receptor, has been previously associated with HER-2, tumor size and metastasis in invasive breast cancer (BC) but its role in paired normal (N), invasive (I), and metastatic (M), samples is unknown. We described GPR30 and HER-2 expression in a collection of paired N/I/M samples, derived from the same individual.Materials and Methods: GPR30 and HER-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays, containing paraffin-embedded cores from 100 patients diagnosed with invasive BC. N and M samples were also available from the same patient. GPR30 expression was evaluated by an H-score (Intensity (0, negative; 1+, weak; 2+, moderate; 3+, strong) x Percentage of stained epithelial cells). HER-2 expression was evaluated per standard criteria. Log rank tests and Wald tests were employed to assess the clinical impact of these molecular targets on patient outcome based on Kaplan-Meier Product estimator and Cox Proportional Hazard Regression.Results: GPR30 was expressed in 50%, 76%, and 72% of N, I and M, respectively, samples. HER-2 (3+) was found in 14% and 18% of I and M samples, respectively. GPR30 expression in I cases correlated with expression in M cases, and HER-2 expression in I but not M cases. GPR30 expression in M cases correlated with expression in HER-2 expression in M cases. HER-2 expression in I cases correlated with expression in M samples (P<0.05 for all comparisons). GPR30 and HER-2 expression were not associated with grade or stage (P>0.05). GPR30 expression in I or M samples was not associated with either overall survival (OS) or BC-specific survival (BCSS)(P>0.5). HER-2 expression was marginally associated with OS in I (P=0.06; Hazard Ratios (HR): 1.91; 95%CI: 0.956, 3.83) but not in M (P=0.23) cases. HER-2 was significantly associated with BCSS in I cases (P=0.03; HR: 2.39; 95%CI: 1.07, 5.32) and marginally in M (P=0.08) cases.Discussion: A previous study suggested that GPR30 expression predicted the development of metastasis. We found high GPR30 expression in both the primary and metastatic sample but the difference was not significant. While GPR30 expression was not associated with OS or BCSS, HER-2 expression was marginally associated with OS and significantly associated with BCSS in invasive cases.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4158.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Joste
- 2University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
| | - L. Lomo
- 2University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
| | - N. Chaher
- 3University Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, Algeria
| | - S. Lee
- 4University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
| | | | - A. Meisner
- 4University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
| | - C. Martinez
- 4University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
| | | | - M. Royce
- 1University of New Mexico Cancer Center, NM,
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Arias-Pulido H, Royce M, Gong Y, Joste N, Lomo L, Lee SJ, Chaher N, Verschraegen C, Lara J, Prossnitz ER, Cristofanilli M. GPR30 and estrogen receptor expression: new insights into hormone dependence of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 123:51-8. [PMID: 19902352 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
GPR30 is a novel G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (ER) associated with metastases in breast cancer (BC) and poor survival in endometrial and ovarian tumors. The association of GPR30 expression with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive and commonly hormone-independent form of BC, has not been studied. GPR30, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HER-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry (and FISH for HER-2) in 88 primary IBCs. GPR30 expression was correlated with patient overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathologic variables, and other biomarkers. GPR30 expression was found in 69% of IBC cases. ER, PR, HER-2, and EGFR were found in 43, 35, 39, and 34% of IBC cases, respectively. GPR30 expression correlated inversely with ER expression (P = 0.02). Co-expression of ER and GPR30 was found in 24% of IBC samples; 19% expressed only ER and 46% expressed only GPR30. Univariate analysis showed no association between GPR30 expression and OS or DFS. However, co-expression of ER and GPR30 was associated with improved OS (P < 0.03) and marginally with DFS (P < 0.06); the absence of both ER and GPR30 was associated with worse OS and DFS (P = 0.03 for both). Multivariate analysis identified ER as an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.008) and DFS (P = 0.02). The majority of IBC tumors are GPR30-positive, suggesting that estrogen signaling may be active in ER-negative IBC patients. These findings suggest potential new therapeutic targets for IBC such as novel endocrine agents or direct modulation of GPR30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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21
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Movva S, Arias-Pulido H, Chavez A, Joste N, Lomo L, Lee SJ, Verschraegen CF. Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in cervical cancer (CC) patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5519 Background: EGFR, a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor that regulates multiple functions such as cell growth, differentiation, gene expression and development through at least 3 pathways, is overexpressed in a wide variety of solid tumors, including CC. The downstream activation of the EGFR pathways has not been studied extensively. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between EGFR-HER-2-HER-3-HER-4 status, downstream pathways (STAT 3, survivin, RAS) with pt characteristics, overall survival and recurrence free survival in pts diagnosed with invasive CC. Methods: Receptor expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry on 80 pts from our clinic. Tumors were scored by percentage of cells stained multiplied by intensity for a score range of 0–300 by two pathologists. Median EGFR score was 140. Pts were categorized as low expressor (EGFR score lower than 140) or as high expressor (EGFR score greater than 140). Differences in receptor expression were compared using the Log-rank test for overall (OS) and recurrence-free survivals (RFS) and by Chi-square analyses for the clinical parameters (age, stage, histology, and grade). Results: A total of 80 pts data was analyzed. Mean age of the sample was 48 years. 23% of pts had well differentiated tumors. 80% had squamous histology. 39% had stage IIB or higher. 25% died of cancer. By Log-rank test, standard prognostic factors (age, stage, grade, and histology) showed the expected differences in survival, confirming the validity of the sample. However there were no correlations between the clinical parameters, OS, or RFS with EGFR expression. Data on HER-2–3-4, STAT3, survivin and RAS will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Although no correlation has been found between clinical outcome and EGFR expression, EGFR inhibitors of the extracellular domain are expected to be useful for the treatment of CC that overexpress this receptor. These results will serve as baseline data needed to test cetuximab and other EGFR inhibitors in pts with CC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Movva
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - A. Chavez
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - N. Joste
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - L. Lomo
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - S. J. Lee
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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Abstract
Screening for cervical cancer by the Papanicolaou or Pap test is a complex and multistep process. From the clinician's examination room to the cytology laboratory, the Pap test involves numerous laboratory personnel, different test types, and the possibility of computer-assisted screening and ancillary testing. The laboratory has in place well-defined procedures to ensure both error reduction and specimen quality to produce reliable Pap test results. The Bethesda System 2001 provides guidance and criteria for both specimen adequacy and diagnostic criteria. Understanding laboratory procedures in Pap testing aids in clinical understanding of tests and results and contributes to effective communication between the pathologist and those involved in patient management of women with cervical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Joste
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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Ferris DG, Park I, Waxman A, Joste N, Magaril RA, Greenspan D, Santos C, Galdos O, Velarde C, Bautista F, Salazar R, Tatti SA. Initiating the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Humanitarian Program: Peru 2005. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2005; 10:58-62. [PMID: 16378034 DOI: 10.1097/01.lgt.0000192699.16044.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daron G Ferris
- Gynecologic Cancer Prevention Center, Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, 30912, USA.
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24
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Arias-Pulido H, Joste N, Wheeler CM. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 6 in HPV-16 positive cervical carcinomas carrying the DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 40:277-84. [PMID: 15188450 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), specifically HPV-16 and -18, have been associated with the development of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and of invasive cervical cancer (CC). However, only a small fraction of HPV-infected women will show signs of disease progression, suggesting that other factors in the carcinogenic pathway are needed. We previously demonstrated that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 (high risk) was associated with the development of CIS and CC tumors in HPV-16-positive patients. To characterize the molecular changes that could be relevant to tumor progression, we compared the extent of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 6 in HPV-16-positive CIS patients who were carriers of high-risk and neutral HLA haplotypes. CIS and CC cases demonstrated similar LOH patterns. A wide range of LOH frequencies was found at 6p (10-53%) and 6q (5-28%) in CIS cases, suggesting that LOH is an early event in the carcinogenic process. A comparative analysis of LOH frequencies in the high-risk versus the neutral HLA haplotypes showed a statistically significant difference in the extent of LOH at 6p24-p25 (58.6% versus 25.8%; P = 0.018) and at 6p21.3 (79.3% versus 35.5%; P = 0.001), a region that contains the HLA complex. LOH at this region could affect genes encoding HLA class I-II molecules, as well as factors responsible for the assembly, transport, and stable expression of HLA molecules. These losses may be a reflection of both an abnormal immune response and a general genome-wide instability resulting from virus persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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25
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Palmisano WA, Crume KP, Grimes MJ, Winters SA, Toyota M, Esteller M, Joste N, Baylin SB, Belinsky SA. Aberrant promoter methylation of the transcription factor genes PAX5 alpha and beta in human cancers. Cancer Res 2003; 63:4620-5. [PMID: 12907641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant methylation of 5'CpG islands is a key epigenetic event in many human cancers. A PCR-based technique of methylated CpG island amplification followed by representational difference analysis was used to identify genes methylated in cancer. Two of the CpG islands identified mapped to the 5' untranslated region of the PAX5 alpha and beta genes. These genes, located on chromosome 9p13, are transcribed from two distinct promoters and form two alternative first exons that are subsequently spliced to the common exons 2-10. The resulting splice variants encode two distinct transcription factors important in cell differentiation and embryonic development. Examination of the methylation status of each gene using methylation-specific PCR revealed that both genes are methylated in approximately 65% of breast and lung tumors. Bisulfite sequencing revealed dense methylation patterns within each 5'CpG island, strongly correlating with transcriptional silencing. Expression in cell lines with dense methylation of either the PAX5 alpha or beta promoter region was restored after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The PAX5 beta gene encodes for the transcription factor B cell-specific activating protein that, in turn, directly regulates CD19, a gene shown to negatively control cell growth. A strong association was observed between PAX5 beta methylation and loss of expression of the CD19 gene demonstrating that inactivation of the PAX5 beta gene likely contributes to neoplastic development by inhibiting growth regulation through effects on CD19 gene expression. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of PAX5 gene alterations in human cancer. Our results are the first to identify aberrant promoter methylation as a common mechanism for dysregulation of these genes in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Palmisano
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Lung Cancer Program, 2425 Ridgecrest Avenue S.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA
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Gaffney R, Chakerian A, O'Connell JX, Mathers J, Garner K, Joste N, Viswanatha DS. Novel fluorescent ligase detection reaction and flow cytometric analysis of SYT-SSX fusions in synovial sarcoma. J Mol Diagn 2003; 5:127-35. [PMID: 12707378 PMCID: PMC1907321 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas (SS) are characterized by the t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation and its resultant fusion gene, SYT-SSX. Two homologues of the SSX gene (ie, SSX1 and SSX2) are involved in the vast majority of SS and the SYT-SSX1 type of fusion has been associated with inferior clinical outcome. Thus, detection of the presence and type of SYT-SSX fusion is critical for diagnosis and prognosis in SS. Identification of SYT-SSX fusion type is typically accomplished by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by a post-PCR analytic method. As mRNA nucleotide sequences of the SSX1 and SSX2 segments involved in the SYT-SSX fusion are nearly identical, post-PCR methods must be highly discriminatory. We describe a novel method to identify and differentiate these two chimeric transcripts using RT-PCR followed by fluorescent thermostable ligase detection reaction (f-LDR), microparticle bead capture and flow cytometric detection. Evaluation of this unique approach in 11 cases of SS without prior knowledge of SYT-SSX status, six cases of control sarcomas (CS) and three hematopoietic cell lines, revealed that the f-LDR technique was rapid, unambiguous, and highly specific. The f-LDR results were compared to XmnI enzyme digestion patterns and sequencing of PCR products, revealing a 100% concordance for all cases of SS with regards to SYT-SSX transcript type. In addition, there was a strong association of transcript type detected by f-LDR and morphological subclassification of SS, as previously reported. We conclude that this f-LDR method with flow-based detection is a robust approach to post-PCR detection of specific nucleotide sequences in SS and may be more broadly applicable in molecular oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Gaffney
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Chao A, Gilliland F, Willman C, Joste N, Chen IM, Stone N, Ruschulte J, Viswanatha D, Duncan P, Ming R, Hoffman R, Foucar E, Key C. Patient and tumor characteristics of colon cancers with microsatellite instability: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:539-44. [PMID: 10868685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular screening for microsatellite instability (MSI) in colon cancers has been proposed to identify individuals with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. To date, most reports of MSI in colorectal cancer have been based on studies of clinical case series or high-risk families. We examined the proportion of incident colon cancers in the general population that exhibit MSI by patient and tumor characteristics. We interviewed 201 colon cancer cases ascertained by the New Mexico Tumor Registry in the metropolitan Albuquerque area for demographic information, lifestyle factors, medical history, and family cancer history. Paired normal and tumor tissue specimens were obtained for each case. Three microsatellite markers were used; instability was defined as observed alteration at two or more loci. Overall, 37 of 201 (18%) colon cancers exhibited instability. MSI was more common among cases >70 years (26%) and most common among cases >80 years (38%). MSI was significantly associated with tumors in the proximal colon and with later stage and poor differentiation among cases >70 years. MSI was not associated with a history of polyps. Family history of colorectal cancer was associated with MSI only among cases <50 years. When all factors were analyzed jointly in a regression model, proximal subsite and poor differentiation remained significantly associated with MSI. One patient, whose tumor exhibited MSI, fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Our study provides a population-based estimate of MSI in colon tumors and a representative estimate of the proportion of colorectal cancer patients in the general population who consent to be interviewed for family cancer history and to have biological samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chao
- New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
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28
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Gilliland FD, Joste N, Stauber PM, Hunt WC, Rosenberg R, Redlich G, Key CR. Biologic characteristics of interval and screen-detected breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:743-9. [PMID: 10793111 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.9.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interval breast cancer is defined as a cancer that is detected within 12 months after a negative mammogram. The failure of mammography to detect breast cancer depends on testing procedures, radiologist interpretation, patient characteristics, and tumor properties. Although errors by radiologists explain some interval cancers, another explanation is that the tumor is rapidly growing and was too small to be detected on the last mammogram. To determine whether markers of tumor growth rate are associated with risk of an interval cancer, we conducted a population-based study with the use of data collected statewide by the New Mexico Mammography Project. METHODS Among women who received a mammographic examination from 1991 throughout 1993, we ascertained records of all patients with breast cancer diagnosed within 12 months of a negative screening mammographic examination (interval cancers) and corresponding tumor samples, when available. We selected an age- and ethnicity-matched comparison group of control patients with screen-detected breast cancers diagnosed during the same period. In tumor samples, p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were examined immunologically and the apoptotic index was assessed histologically. We used logistic regression to determine whether interval cancers were associated with selected demographic, radiologic, and biologic characteristics. RESULTS It is more likely that mammography did not detect tumors with a high proportion of proliferating cells (>20%) than tumors with a low proportion of proliferating cells (<5%) (odds ratio [OR] = 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-14.65). The OR for mammographic failure was 2.96 (95% CI = 1.07-8.20) among cancers that expressed p53 compared with cancers that did not. Interval cancers also had fewer apoptotic cells. Approximately 75% of interval cancers appear to have tumors with 5% proliferating cells or more. Younger women had a higher proportion of rapidly proliferating and aggressive cancers. CONCLUSION Rapidly growing and aggressive tumors account for a substantial proportion of mammographic failure to detect breast cancer, especially among younger women, who have a high proportion of aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
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Donaldson L, Fordyce C, Gilliland F, Smith A, Feddersen R, Joste N, Moyzis R, Griffith J. Association between outcome and telomere DNA content in prostate cancer. J Urol 1999. [PMID: 10524936 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform an initial retrospective investigation of the relationship between outcome in patients with organ confined prostate adenocarcinoma and the tumor cells' content of telomere DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The case-controlled study group was composed of eighteen men diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma prior to 1993. The group was selected so that approximately one half died within ten years of diagnosis and one half survived ten years or longer. Archival, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was recovered for each patient. DNA was extracted from newly cut sections, fixed to nylon membranes and hybridized with P32-labeled centromere- and telomere-specific probes. Telomere DNA contents were quantitated from the hybridized radioactivities. The relationships between telomere DNA content and survival, and telomere DNA content and disease recurrence in men receiving prostatectomies were determined. RESULTS Death and disease recurrence were associated with reduced telomere DNA content (p <0.0001, p <0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Telomere DNA content may differentiate high-risk patients with metastatic prostate cancer from men with indolent disease who can be spared the unnecessary side effects and expense of treatment by management with "watchful waiting."
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Affiliation(s)
- L Donaldson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-5221, USA
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Donaldson L, Fordyce C, Gilliland F, Smith A, Feddersen R, Joste N, Moyzis R, Griffith J. Association between outcome and telomere DNA content in prostate cancer. J Urol 1999; 162:1788-92. [PMID: 10524936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform an initial retrospective investigation of the relationship between outcome in patients with organ confined prostate adenocarcinoma and the tumor cells' content of telomere DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The case-controlled study group was composed of eighteen men diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma prior to 1993. The group was selected so that approximately one half died within ten years of diagnosis and one half survived ten years or longer. Archival, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was recovered for each patient. DNA was extracted from newly cut sections, fixed to nylon membranes and hybridized with P32-labeled centromere- and telomere-specific probes. Telomere DNA contents were quantitated from the hybridized radioactivities. The relationships between telomere DNA content and survival, and telomere DNA content and disease recurrence in men receiving prostatectomies were determined. RESULTS Death and disease recurrence were associated with reduced telomere DNA content (p <0.0001, p <0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Telomere DNA content may differentiate high-risk patients with metastatic prostate cancer from men with indolent disease who can be spared the unnecessary side effects and expense of treatment by management with "watchful waiting."
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Affiliation(s)
- L Donaldson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-5221, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumors are rare lesions of proposed myofibroblastic origin occurring primarily in infants and children. While the histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings have been well described, cytologic description has been limited. CASE An 8-month-old, male infant presented with a posterior chest wall mass and decreased use of his left arm. Fine needle aspiration biopsy showed a spectrum of plump fibroblastic spindle cells and histiocytelike cells within a finely granular myxoid background. Osteoclastlike giant cells were also noted. CONCLUSION We report here the cytologic findings of a plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor from fine needle aspiration biopsy studied using Papanicolaou, Ultrafast Papanicolaou and Diff-Quik stain, with the cytologic differential diagnosis of other spindled and histiocytelike tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Redlich
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA
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Abstract
We report the ultrastructure and immunohistochemical profile of seven juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the infantile testis. The infants' ages ranged from 1 day to 11 months. All tumors had characteristics ultrastructure with a mixture of spindle smooth-muscle and theca cells and polygonal granulosa cells. Clusters of polygonal granulosa cells were invested by a continuous basal lamina and contained bundles of distinct cytoplasmic filaments with evenly distributed dense bodies resembling smooth muscle. These filaments were occasionally attached to well-developed, prominent desmosomes. Tumor cells had a conspicuous rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and occasional neutral fat droplets. In all tumors, mitochondria had laminated cristae and only rarely were there cristae with a tubulovesicular pattern characteristic of steroid secreting cells. Tumor cells stained focally with low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (8,18, and 19), smooth-muscle-specific actin, desmin, and more noticeably with vimentin. These ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of dual epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation and distinct muscle-like filaments with dense bodies are characteristic of the juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the infantile testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Gilmore RD, Joste N, McDonald GA. Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the 120 kDa surface-exposed protein of Rickettsia rickettsii. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5:3089. [PMID: 1809847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R D Gilmore
- Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840
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Gilmore RD, Joste N, McDonald GA. Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the 120 kD surface-exposed protein of Rickettsia rickettsii. Mol Microbiol 1989; 3:1579-86. [PMID: 2515418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia rickettsii (R strain) genomic DNA was partially digested and cloned into the lambda expression vector gt11 generating a genomic clone bank. Transformant plaques were screened with antisera generated against the 120 kiloDalton protein of R. rickettsii to detect those phage expressing the recombinant protein. The gene encoding the 120 kD protein was localized to a 4.3 kilobase SphI-BamHI fragment from the recombinant phage and subcloned into pUC18 and pUC19. Full-length expression of the recombinant protein was achieved with both orientations. The gene and flanking regions were sequenced. The p120 gene consists of 3900 base pairs coding for 1300 amino acids. A distinguishable promoter region was not identified, although there are several 5' sequences that resemble classical prokaryotic promoters. Downstream of the termination codon for this gene lies a 726 base pair open reading frame on the opposite strand with the potential to encode a protein of approximately 27 kD. The identity of this putative gene product is unknown. The two open reading frames are separated by a 106 base pair intergenic region that consists of a stretch of dyad symmetry resembling rho-independent transcriptional terminators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Gilmore
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840
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Stacey PB, Arrigo RD, Edwards TC, Joste N. Northeastern Extension of the Breeding Range of the Elf Owl in New Mexico. SOUTHWEST NAT 1983. [DOI: 10.2307/3670600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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