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Soni SS, D'Elia AM, Rodell CB. Control of the post-infarct immune microenvironment through biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1983-2014. [PMID: 36763330 PMCID: PMC9913034 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which heart transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. IHF manifests from myocardial infarction (MI) that initiates tissue remodeling processes, mediated by mechanical changes in the tissue (loss of contractility, softening of the myocardium) that are interdependent with cellular mechanisms (cardiomyocyte death, inflammatory response). The early remodeling phase is characterized by robust inflammation that is necessary for tissue debridement and the initiation of repair processes. While later transition toward an immunoregenerative function is desirable, functional reorientation from an inflammatory to reparatory environment is often lacking, trapping the heart in a chronically inflamed state that perpetuates cardiomyocyte death, ventricular dilatation, excess fibrosis, and progressive IHF. Therapies can redirect the immune microenvironment, including biotherapeutic and biomaterial-based approaches. In this review, we outline these existing approaches, with a particular focus on the immunomodulatory effects of therapeutics (small molecule drugs, biomolecules, and cell or cell-derived products). Cardioprotective strategies, often focusing on immunosuppression, have shown promise in pre-clinical and clinical trials. However, immunoregenerative therapies are emerging that often benefit from exacerbating early inflammation. Biomaterials can be used to enhance these therapies as a result of their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, parallel mechanisms of action (e.g., mechanical restraint), or by enabling cell or tissue-targeted delivery. We further discuss translatability and the continued progress of technologies and procedures that contribute to the bench-to-bedside development of these critically needed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Chua A, Thomas P, Fenech M. Telomere Length in Healthy Adults Is Positively Associated With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Including Arachidonic Acid, and Negatively With Saturated Fatty Acids. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:3-6. [PMID: 32894749 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of aging that may be modified by dietary factors including fat. Red blood cell fatty acid status is a well-validated indicator of long-term dietary intake of fat from various sources. Recent findings from epidemiological studies of LTL in relation to fatty acids in red blood cells are not conclusive. The present study was carried out to investigate if red blood cell fatty acid status in 174 healthy older South Australians is associated with LTL. Lymphocyte telomere length was measured by real-time qPCR and fatty acid content in red blood cells was measured by gas chromatography. Our results indicate that the majority of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are negatively associated with LTL, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids are positively associated with LTL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) is significantly, independently, positively correlated with LTL (β = 0.262; p = .000). The significant association of fatty acids, particularly C20:4n-6, with telomere length warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ann Chua
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phil Thomas
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, Australia
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3
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Das U. Bioactive lipids in intervertebral disc degeneration and its therapeutic implications. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20192117. [PMID: 31533969 PMCID: PMC6822496 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is not uncommon. It is estimated that approximately >60% of individuals above the age of 40 years suffer from IVD degeneration. Shan et al. showed that hyperglycemia can enhance apoptosis of anulus fibrosis cells in a JNK pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway dependent fashion. Recent studies showed that IVD degeneration could be an inflammatory condition characterized by increased production of matrix metalloproteinases, TNF-α, nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-17, IL-9, and prostaglandin E2, and decreased formation of anti-inflammatory molecules such as lipoxin A4. This imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules seem to activate JNK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis of anulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus cells. The activation of production of PGE2 (due to activation of COX-2 pathway) seems to be dependent on p38/c-Fos and JNK/c-Jun activation in an AP-1-dependent manner. These results imply that suppressing pro-inflammatory events in the disc by either augmenting anti-inflammatory events or suppressing production of pro-inflammatory molecules or both may form a logical step in the prevention and management of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA and BioScience Research Center and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India
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4
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Das UN. Can Bioactive Lipids Augment Anti-cancer Action of Immunotherapy and Prevent Cytokine Storm? Arch Med Res 2019; 50:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Videla LA, Vargas R, Valenzuela R, Muñoz P, Corbari A, Hernandez-Rodas MC. Combined administration of docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone synergistically enhances rat liver levels of resolvins RvD1 and RvD2. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:42-46. [PMID: 30553402 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids or thyroid hormone (T3) exhibit negative effects on inflammatory reactions in experimental animals. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothesis that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus T3 co-administration enhances liver resolvin (Rv) levels as inflammation resolution mediators. Combined DHA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days)-T3 (0.05 mg/kg at the fourth day) administration significantly increased the content of hepatic RvD1 and RvD2, without changes in that of RvE1 and RvE2, an effect that exhibits synergy when compared to the separate DHA and T3 treatments. Under these conditions, liver DHA levels increased by DHA administration were diminished when combined with T3 (p < 0.05), suggesting enhancement in resolvin D biosynthesis in extrahepatic tissues. It is concluded that co-administration of DHA and T3 rises the capacity of the liver for inflammation resolution by augmenting RvD1(2) availability, which represents an important protocol in hepatoprotection in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Muñoz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Corbari
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ding Y, Mullapudi B, Torres C, Mascariñas E, Mancinelli G, Diaz AM, McKinney R, Barron M, Schultz M, Heiferman M, Wojtanek M, Adrian K, DeCant B, Rao S, Ouellette M, Tsao MS, Bentrem DJ, Grippo PJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis via Repression of the AKT Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091289. [PMID: 30213082 PMCID: PMC6163264 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a daunting foe despite a vast number of accumulating molecular analyses regarding the mutation and expression status of a variety of genes. Indeed, most pancreatic cancer cases uniformly present with a mutation in the KRAS allele leading to enhanced RAS activation. Yet our understanding of the many epigenetic/environmental factors contributing to disease incidence and progression is waning. Epidemiologic data suggest that diet may be a key factor in pancreatic cancer development and potentially a means of chemoprevention at earlier stages. While diets high in ω3 fatty acids are typically associated with tumor suppression, diets high in ω6 fatty acids have been linked to increased tumor development. Thus, to better understand the contribution of these polyunsaturated fatty acids to pancreatic carcinogenesis, we modeled early stage disease by targeting mutant KRAS to the exocrine pancreas and administered diets rich in these fatty acids to assess tumor formation and altered cell-signaling pathways. We discovered that, consistent with previous reports, the ω3-enriched diet led to reduced lesion penetrance via repression of proliferation associated with reduced phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), whereas the ω6-enriched diet accelerated tumor formation. These data provide a plausible mechanism underlying previously observed effects of fatty acids and suggest that administration of ω3 fatty acids can reduce the pro-survival, pro-growth functions of pAKT. Indeed, counseling subjects at risk to increase their intake of foods containing higher amounts of ω3 fatty acids could aid in the prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzeng Ding
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Bhargava Mullapudi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Emman Mascariñas
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Georgina Mancinelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Andrew M Diaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ronald McKinney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Morgan Barron
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Michelle Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michael Heiferman
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Mireille Wojtanek
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kevin Adrian
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Brian DeCant
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sambasiva Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michel Ouellette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Polavarapu S, Dwarakanath BS, Das UN. Arachidonic acid activates extrinsic apoptotic pathway to enhance tumoricidal action of bleomycin against IMR-32 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 132:16-22. [PMID: 29735018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin is a commonly used anti-cancer drug in the management of a variety of cancers. Previously, we showed that arachidonic acid (AA) augmented the growth inhibitory action of bleomycin on IMR-32 (human neuroblastoma cells) in vitro by enhancing oxidative stress. Despite these results, the exact molecular mechanism of cytotoxic action of bleomycin and its augmentation by AA is not known. Our current study revealed that a combination of bleomycin and AA significantly enhanced the expression of FAS gene, which is involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and caspases 3 and 8 compared to either bleomycin or AA alone implying that activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway plays a major role in their (bleomycin + AA) tumoricidal action. It is interesting to note that AA by itself enhanced the expression of FAS and caspases 3 and 8 compared to control. Since caspases have a role in inflammation, cell proliferation, tumour suppression, cell differentiation, neural development and axon guidance and ageing, this may explain pleiotropic actions of AA and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Polavarapu
- BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 048, India
| | | | - Undurti N Das
- BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 048, India; UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA.
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8
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Das UN. Ageing: Is there a role for arachidonic acid and other bioactive lipids? A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:67-79. [PMID: 30034877 PMCID: PMC6052661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is inevitable. Recent studies suggest that it could be delayed. Low-grade systemic inflammation is seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction that are common with increasing age. In all these conditions, an alteration in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is seen in the form of increased formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and decreased production of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins and decreased activity of desaturases. Calorie restriction, exercise and parabiosis delay age-related changes that could be related to enhanced proliferation of stem cells, decrease in inflammation and transfer of GDF-11 (growth differentiation factor-11) and other related molecules from the young to the old, increase in the formation of lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO); inhibition of ageing-related hypothalamic or brain IKK-β and NF-kB activation, decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release resulting in increased neurogenesis and consequent decelerated ageing. This suggests that hypothalamus participates in ageing process. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and lipid-derived signalling molecules can be tuned favorably under dietary restriction to extend lifespan and/or prevent advanced age associated diseases in an mTOR dependent pathway manner. Sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production and protected tissues from hypoxia and tissue damage. Anti-inflammatory metabolites formed from AA such as LXA4, resolvins, protectins and maresins enhance production of NO, CO, H2S; suppress NF-kB expression and alter mTOR expression and thus, may aid in delaying ageing process. Dietary restriction and exercise enhance AA metabolism to form LXA4, resolvins, protectins and maresins that have anti-inflammatory actions. AA and their metabolites also influence stem cell biology, enhance neurogenesis to improve memory and augment autophagy to prolong life span. Thus, AA and other PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory metabolites inhibit inflammation, augment stem cell proliferation, restore to normal lipid-derived signaling molecules and NO and H2S production, enhance autophagy and prolong life span.
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9
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Das UN. Arachidonic acid in health and disease with focus on hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:43-55. [PMID: 30034875 PMCID: PMC6052660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA 20:4n-6) is an essential component of cell membranes and modulates cell membrane fluidity. AA is metabolized by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 enzymes to form several metabolites that have important biological actions. Of all the actions, role of AA in the regulation of blood pressure and its ability to prevent both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus seems to be interesting. Studies showed that AA and its metabolites especially, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), potent anti-inflammatory metabolites, have a crucial role in the pathobiology of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. AA, LXA4 and EETs regulate smooth muscle function and proliferation, voltage gated ion channels, cell membrane fluidity, membrane receptors, G-coupled receptors, PPARs, free radical generation, nitric oxide formation, inflammation, and immune responses that, in turn, participate in the regulation blood pressure and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this review, role of AA and its metabolites LXA4 and EETs in the pathobiology of hypertension, pre-eclampsia and diabetes mellitus are discussed. Based on several lines of evidences, it is proposed that a combination of aspirin and AA could be of benefit in the prevention and management of hypertension, pre-eclampsia and diabetes mellitus.
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VanderSluis L, Mazurak VC, Damaraju S, Field CJ. Determination of the Relative Efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid for Anti-Cancer Effects in Human Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2607. [PMID: 29207553 PMCID: PMC5751210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated high fish oil consumption with decreased risk of breast cancer (BC). n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in fish and fish oils exert anti-cancer effects. However, few studies have examined the relative efficacy of EPA and DHA alone and in mixtures on BC subtypes. This was the objective of the present review, as this research is a necessity for the translation of findings to human health and disease. The literature suggests that DHA has a greater anti-cancer effect in triple negative BC (TNBC). In estrogen positive (ER+) BC, DHA has a greater effect on cell viability, while both fatty acids have similar effects on apoptosis and proliferation. These effects are associated with preferential uptake of DHA into TNBC lipid rafts and EPA in ER+ BC. EPA:DHA mixtures have anti-cancer activity; however, the ratio of EPA:DHA does not predict the relative incorporation of these two fatty acids into membrane lipids as EPA appears to be preferentially incorporated. In summary, DHA and EPA should be considered separately in the context of BC prevention. The elucidation of optimal EPA:DHA ratios will be important for designing targeted n-3 LCPUFA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura VanderSluis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Morin C, Rodríguez E, Blier PU, Fortin S. Potential Application of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Monoacylglyceride in the Management of Colorectal Cancer. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090283. [PMID: 28869531 PMCID: PMC5618422 DOI: 10.3390/md15090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that marine omega-3 oils are involved in the reduction of cancer risk and progression. However, the anticancer effect of omega-3 monoglyceride on colorectal cancer has yet to be assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods: The effect of MAG-EPA was evaluated in vitro on HCT116 cells and in vivo on mouse model of HCT116 xenograft. Results: Our data reveal that MAG-EPA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells. In a xenograft mouse model, daily per os administration of MAG-EPA reduced tumor growth. Furthermore, MAG-EPA treatments decreased EGFR, VEGFR, and AKT activation pathways and reduced VEGF and HIF1α expression levels in tumors. Conclusion: MAG-EPA may promote apoptosis and inhibit growth of tumors by suppressing EGFR and VEGFR activation pathways. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-EPA in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, QC G0K 1P0, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory condition, triggered by the local accumulation of macrophages, oxidative stress and damage to the aortic wall. Pro-inflammatory eicosanoids seem to play a significant role in AAA. The pro-inflammatory events seen in AAA could be due to a deficiency of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvins, protectins and maresins as a result of reduced tissue concentrations of their precursors: arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thus, an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids may underlie AAA. Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), a pro-inflammatory molecule, seems to have a role in AAA. I propose that AAA is due to the local (abdominal aortic wall) deficiency of AA and other PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory metabolites especially LXA4. The beneficial action of EPA and DHA reported in the animal experimental models of AAA induced by Ang-II infusion can be attributed to their (EPA and DHA) ability to enhance the formation of not only resolvins, protectins and maresins but also LXA4. It is likely that abdominal aortic tissue (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and other cells) may be deficient in AA, EPA and DHA, and have defective activity of 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase, especially COX-2 resulting in decreased formation of LXA4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. Thus, methods designed to enhance the formation of LXA4 and other anti-inflammatory eicosanoids may form a new approach to prevent and manage AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221, NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA
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13
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Dain A, Repossi G, Diaz-Gerevini GT, Vanamala J, Das UN, Eynard AR. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) modulate metabolic and inflammatory markers in a spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus model (Stillman Salgado rats). Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:205. [PMID: 27884155 PMCID: PMC5123226 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alterations in metabolic and inflammatory markers. Stillman Salgado rats (eSS) spontaneously develop type 2 DM by middle age showing progressive impairment of glucose tolerance with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia. We analyzed the effects of supplementation of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with or without nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) added, an antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitor, on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in eSS rats to evaluate whether they can delay development and/or prevent progression of DM. METHODS After weaning, eSS rats received, intraperitoneally, once a month ω-3 (EPA 35% and DHA 40%-6.25 mg/Kg) or ω-6 (90% arachidonic acid- 6. 25 mg/Kg) for twelve months. Two additional groups of rats received 1.9 mg/kg NDGA added to ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. Blood samples were collected at day 40, and at the end of the 6th month and 12th month of age to determine plasma triglycerides (TGs), total plasma fatty acids (FA), A1C hemoglobin (HbA1C), C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lipo and hydro peroxides, nitrites and IL-6 (in plasma and liver, kidney, and pancreas) and underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well. Wistar and eSS rats that received saline solution were used as controls. RESULTS Plasma lipids profile, TG, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, and glycosylated HbA1C showed significant improvements in ω-3 and ω-3 + NDGA treated animals compared to eSS control group. ω-3 and ω-3 + NDGA groups showed an inverse correlation with fasting blood glucose and showed lower plasma levels of GGT, TG, and CRP. eSS rats treated with ω-3 LCPUFAs showed reduced level of inflammatory and oxidative indices in plasma and liver, kidney and pancreas tissues in comparison with eSS control (non-treated) and ω-6 treated groups. CONCLUSIONS eSS rats are a useful model to study type 2 DM pathophysiology and related inflammatory indices. ω-3 + NDGA supplementation, at the doses tested, ameliorated inflammatory, metabolic and oxidative stress markers studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Dain
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gaston Repossi
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Histología, Embriología y Genética, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
- CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo T Diaz-Gerevini
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, 326 Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA.
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India.
| | - Aldo R Eynard
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Arachidonic acid and lipoxinA4 attenuate streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5 F cells in vitro and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in vivo. Nutrition 2016; 35:61-80. [PMID: 28241993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to observe whether polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can protect rat insulinoma (RIN5 F) cells against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apoptosis in vitro and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) in vivo and if so, what would be the mechanism of this action. METHODS RIN5 F cells were used for the in vitro study, whereas the in vivo study was performed in Wistar rats. STZ was used to induce apoptosis of RIN5 F cells in vitro and T1- and T2DM in vivo. The effect of PUFAs: γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (AA) of ω-6 series, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of ω-3 series; cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors and antiinflammatory metabolite of AA and DHA, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and resolvin D2 and protectin, respectively against STZ-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5 F cells in vitro and LXA4 against T1- and T2DM in vivo was studied. Changes in the antioxidant content, lipid peroxides, nitric oxide, and expression of PDX1, P65, nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb), and IKB genes in STZ-treated RIN5 F cells in vitro and Nrf2, GLUT2, COX2, iNOS protein levels in the pancreatic tissue of T1- and T2DM and LPCLN2 (lipocalin 2), NF-κb, IKB I in adipose tissue of T2DM after LXA4 treatment were studied. Plasma glucose, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels also were measured in STZ-induced T1- and T2DM Wistar rats. RESULTS Among all PUFAs tested, AA and EPA are the most effective against STZ-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5 F cells in vitro. Neither COX nor LOX inhibitors blocked the cytoprotective action of AA in vitro and T1- and T2DM by STZ. LXA4 production by RIN5 F cells in vitro and plasma LXA4 levels in STZ-induced T1- and T2DM animals were decreased by STZ that reverted to normal after AA treatment. AA prevented both T1- and T2DM induced by STZ. Antiinflammatory metabolite of AA and LXA4 prevented both T1- and T2DM induced by STZ. The expression of Pdx1, NF-κb, IKB genes in the pancreas and plasma TNF-α levels in T1- and T2DM; Nrf2, Glut2, COX2, and iNOS proteins in pancreatic tissue of T1DM and LPCLN2, NF-κb, IKB I in adipose tissue of T2DM reverted to normal in LXA4-treated animals. CONCLUSION Both AA and LXA4 prevented STZ-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5 F cells in vitro and T1- and T2DM in vivo, suggesting that these two bioactive lipids may function as antidiabetic molecules. AA is beneficial against STZ-induced cytotoxicity and T1- and T2DM by enhancing the production of LXA4.
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15
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COX-2, aspirin and metabolism of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their physiological and clinical significance. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhang C, Yu H, Ni X, Shen S, Das UN. Growth inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colon cancer cells via their growth inhibitory metabolites and fatty acid composition changes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123256. [PMID: 25886460 PMCID: PMC4401647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is common. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects on colon cancer cells. Metabolites of PUFAs such as prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs) play a significant role in colon cancer. Methods Human colon cancer LoVo and RKO cells were cultured with different concentration of PUFAs and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Cell morphological changes, fatty acid composition, formation of PGE2, LTB4 and LXA4 and expression of COX-2, ALOX5, PGD synthase (PGDS), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) were assessed in LoVo and RKO cells when supplemented with PUFAs and 5-FU. Results PUFAs and 5-FU inhibited growth of LoVo and RKO cells to the same extent at the doses used and produced significant alterations in their shape. As expected, higher concentrations of supplemented PUFAs were noted in the cells compared to control. LA, GLA, AA, ALA and EPA supplementation to LoVo cells suppressed production of PGE2, LTB4,and ALOX5, mPGES expression, but enhanced that of LXA4; whereas DHA enhanced PGE2 and LXA4 synthesis but decreased LTB4 formation and COX-2, ALOX5, mPGES expression. In contrast, 5-FU enhanced formation of PGE2, LTB4 and mPGES expression, but suppressed LXA4 synthesis and COX-2 expression. PGE2, LTB4 synthesis and ALOX5 expression was suppressed by LA, GLA, ALA and DHA; whereas AA, EPA and 5-FU enhanced PGE2 but paradoxically AA decreased and EPA and 5-FU enhanced LTB4 synthesis in RKO cells. All the PUFAs tested enhanced, while 5-FU decreased LXA4 formation in RKO cells; whereas GLA, AA, and 5-FU augmented while LA, ALA, EPA and DHA enhanced COX-2 expression in RKO cells. Conclusions Tumoricidal action of PUFAs on colorectal LoVo and RKO cancer cells in vitro was associated with increased formation of LXA4, decreased synthesis of PGE2 and LTB4 and suppressed expression of COX-2, ALOX5, mPGES, whereas 5-FU produced contrasting actions on these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ni
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shengrong Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- * E-mail: (SS);
| | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360 St, #K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and BioScience Research Centre, GVP Hospital, GVP College of Engineering campus, Visakhapatnam-530 048, India
- * E-mail: (SS);
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Telomere length and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrition 2014; 30:1218-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Regarding the article: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is diminished by atorvastatin in Wistar rats. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:439-40. [PMID: 24937175 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Das >UN. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids, and their clinical implications with specific reference to diabetes mellitus and other diseases: part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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