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Huang Z, Lin K, Huang J, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Luo W, Xu Z. Characteristics and outcomes associated with sarcomere mutations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 409:132213. [PMID: 38801835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart disease that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Impact of genetic testing for the prognosis and treatment of patients with HCM needs to be improved. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the characteristics and outcomes associated with sarcomere genotypes in index patients with HCM. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to Dec 31, 2023. Data on clinical characteristics, morphological and imaging features, outcomes and interventions were collected from published studies and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 studies with 10,825 HCM index patients were included in the pooled analyses. The frequency of sarcomere genes in HCM patients was 41%. Sarcomere mutations were more frequent in women (p < 0.00001), and were associated with lower body mass index (26.1 ± 4.7 versus 27.5 ± 4.3; p = 0.003) and left ventricular ejection fraction (65.7% ± 10.1% vs. 67.1% ± 8.6%; p = 0.03), less apical hypertrophy (6.5% vs. 20.1%; p < 0.0001) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (29.1% vs. 33.2%; p = 0.03), greater left atrial volume index (43.6 ± 21.1 ml/m2 vs. 37.3 ± 13.0 ml/m2; p = 0.02). Higher risks of ventricular tachycardia (23.4% vs. 14.1%; p < 0.0001), syncope (18.3% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.01) and heart failure (17.3% vs. 14.6%; p = 0.002) were also associated with sarcomere mutations. CONCLUSIONS Sarcomere mutations are more frequent in women, and are associated with worse clinical characteristics and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Huang
- Department of General Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Konglan Lin
- Second Clinical College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Second Clinical College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjia Luo
- Second Clinical College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Health Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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Mably JD, Wang DZ. Long non-coding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: functions, mechanisms and clinical prospects. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:326-345. [PMID: 37985696 PMCID: PMC11031336 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The surge in reports describing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has focused attention on their possible biological roles and effects on development and disease. ncRNAs have been touted as previously uncharacterized regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, possibly working to fine-tune these functions. The sheer number of ncRNAs identified has outpaced the capacity to characterize each molecule thoroughly and to reliably establish its clinical relevance; it has, nonetheless, created excitement about their potential as molecular targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat human disease. In this Review, we focus on one category of ncRNAs - long non-coding RNAs - and their expression, functions and molecular mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We further discuss the prospects for this specific class of ncRNAs as novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mably
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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3
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Bink DI, Pauli J, Maegdefessel L, Boon RA. Endothelial microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular ageing. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:99-106. [PMID: 37059656 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and numerous other cardiovascular diseases develop in an age-dependent manner. The endothelial cells that line the vessel walls play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Non-coding RNA like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are known to play an important role in endothelial function and are implicated in the disease progression. Here, we summarize several microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that are known to have an altered expression with endothelial aging and discuss their role in endothelial cell function and senescence. These processes contribute to aging-induced atherosclerosis development and by targeting the non-coding RNAs controlling endothelial cell function and senescence, atherosclerosis can potentially be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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4
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Shirvaliloo M. LncRNA H19 promotes tumor angiogenesis in smokers by targeting anti-angiogenic miRNAs. Epigenomics 2023; 15:61-73. [PMID: 36802727 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A key concept in drug discovery is the identification of candidate therapeutic targets such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) because of their extensive involvement in neoplasms, and impressionability by smoking. Induced by exposure to cigarette smoke, lncRNA H19 targets and inactivates miR-29, miR-30a, miR-107, miR-140, miR-148b, miR-199a and miR-200, which control the rate of angiogenesis by inhibiting BiP, DLL4, FGF7, HIF1A, HIF1B, HIF2A, PDGFB, PDGFRA, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. Nevertheless, these miRNAs are often dysregulated in bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, gastric adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, meningioma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. As such, the present perspective article seeks to establish an evidence-based hypothetical model of how a smoking-related lncRNA known as H19 might aggravate angiogenesis by interfering with miRNAs that would otherwise regulate angiogenesis in a nonsmoking individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious & Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran.,Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
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5
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Ji H, Qu J, Peng W, Yang L. Downregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Hypertrophic Effects of Cardiomyocytes by Regulating SIRT4 via miR-93-5p. Int Heart J 2022; 63:602-611. [PMID: 35650160 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a leading risk for heart failure and sudden death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy. We aimed to investigate the potential role and functional mechanism of lncRNA metastasis-associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in cardiac hypertrophy. C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. The expression of MALAT1, miR-93-5p, and sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) mRNA was detected using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of cardiac hypertrophy-related markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and SIRT4 were measured via western blotting. The putative interaction between miR-93-5p and MALAT1 or SIRT4 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, or pull-down assay. Consequently, the expression of MALAT1 and SIRT4 was increased in TAC-treated mouse heart and angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced cardiomyocytes, whereas the expression of miR-93-5p was decreased. Ang-II promoted the expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC and the surface area of cardiomyocytes, whereas MALAT1 downregulation impaired their expression and cell area. MiR-93-5p was a target of MALAT1, and its inhibition reversed the effects of MALAT1 downregulation. More importantly, MALAT1 modulated SIRT4 expression by degrading miR-93-5p. The expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC suppressed by miR-93-5p restoration was recovered by SIRT4 promotion. Overall, MALAT1 knockdown ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy partly by regulating the miR-93-5p/SIRT4 network, indicating that MALAT1 was a substantial indicator of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Jingxian Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
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Cuesta-Llavona E, Lorca R, Rolle V, Alonso B, Iglesias S, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Duarte-Herrera ID, Pérez-Oliveira S, Junco-Vicente A, Lago CG, Coto E, Gómez J. Association of the Genetic Variation in the Long Non-Coding RNA FENDRR with the Risk of Developing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060818. [PMID: 35743849 PMCID: PMC9225451 DOI: 10.3390/life12060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In around 40−60% of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) cases pathogenic variants are not identified. Our aim was to evaluate the possible association of lncRNAs with the risk of developing HCM. Methods: We sequenced 10 lncRNAs coding genes that have been associated with cardiovascular disease in a discovery cohort (238 HCM patients and 212 controls) by NGS, and genotyped rs74035787 G>A and rs1424019 A>G polymorphism in a validation cohort (962 HCM patients and 923 controls). Finally, we sequenced the FENDRR promoter by Sanger sequencing. Results: We observed by NGS that FENDRR rs39527, rs39529 and rs40384 polymorphisms were significantly associated with HCM in our cohort (p = 0.0284; OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.07−0.86). NGS results were confirmed by genotyping rs74035787 polymorphism (p = 0.001; OR:0.38, 95%CI: 0.21−0.66). Moreover, it is also associated when stratification by sex (p = 0.003; OR:0.20, 95%CI: 0.06−0.53), and age (≥50 years old p = 0.001, OR:0.33, 95%CI: 0.16−0.63) Moreover, the risk of HCM in the carriers of the GG genotype of the rs1424019 polymorphism was significantly higher than that of the AA/AG genotypes carriers in the elderly subjects (p = 0.045, OR:1.24, 95%CI: 1.01−1.53). On the other hand, we observed significant differences in the rs74035787 A/rs1424019 G haplotype frequency (p = 0.0035; OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.07−0.59). Conclusions: Our study suggested a significant association between FENDRR gene variants and HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultadosen Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lorca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultadosen Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares del HUCA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Valeria Rolle
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Belén Alonso
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
| | - Sara Iglesias
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
| | - Julian Rodríguez-Reguero
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares del HUCA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Israel David Duarte-Herrera
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
| | - Sergio Pérez-Oliveira
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
| | - Alejandro Junco-Vicente
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
| | - Claudia García Lago
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultadosen Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares del HUCA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Medicicine Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.G.); Tel.: +34-985-10-80-00 (ext. 37484) (J.G.)
| | - Juan Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (R.L.); (B.A.); (S.I.); (J.R.-R.); (I.D.D.-H.); (S.P.-O.); (A.J.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.R.); (C.G.L.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultadosen Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares del HUCA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.G.); Tel.: +34-985-10-80-00 (ext. 37484) (J.G.)
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Wang Y, Sun X, Sun X. The Functions of LncRNA H19 in the Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:341-349. [PMID: 34840062 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Great effort has been put into exploring early diagnostic biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies for preventing CVD progression over the last two decades. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as novel regulators in cardiac development and cardiac pathogenesis. For example, lncRNA H19 (H19), also known as a fetal gene abundant in adult heart and skeletal muscles and evolutionarily conserved in humans and mice, has a regulatory role in aortic aneurysm, myocardial hypertrophy, extracellular matrix reconstitution, and coronary artery diseases. Yet, the exact function of H19 in the heart remains unknown. This review summarises the functions of H19 in the heart and discusses the challenges and possible strategies of H19 research for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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8
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Shahzadi SK, Naidoo N, Alsheikh-Ali A, Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Santos RD, Banerjee Y. Reconnoitering the Role of Long-Noncoding RNAs in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Descriptive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179378. [PMID: 34502285 PMCID: PMC8430576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of hereditary cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by an unexplained non-dilated hypertrophy of the left ventricle with a conserved or elevated ejection fraction. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease largely caused by variants of genes encoding for cardiac sarcomere proteins, including MYH7, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TPM1, MYL2, MYL3, TNNI3, and TNNT23. Preclinical evidence indicates that the enhanced calcium sensitivity of the myofilaments plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HCM. Notably, this is not always a direct consequence of sarcomeric variations but may also result from secondary mutation-driven alterations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of transcripts ≥200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins. Compared to coding mRNAs, most lncRNAs are not as well-annotated and their functions are greatly unexplored. Nevertheless, increasing evidence shows that lncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes and diseases including HCM. Accumulating evidence has indicated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in HCM, and closely related to sarcomere construction, calcium channeling and homeostasis of mitochondria. In this review, we have summarized the known regulatory and functional roles of lncRNAs in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda K. Shahzadi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
| | - Nerissa Naidoo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +971-4383-8728 (N.N.); +971-4383-8710 (Y.B.)
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 66566, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Raul D. Santos
- The Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000, Brazil;
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Centre of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +971-4383-8728 (N.N.); +971-4383-8710 (Y.B.)
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9
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Pagiatakis C, Di Mauro V. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Therapeutic Targeting of Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168721. [PMID: 34445422 PMCID: PMC8395924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases accountable for the majority of cases of heart failure (HF) and/or sudden cardiac death (SCD) worldwide. With the recent advances in genomics, the original classification of CMPs on the basis of morphological and functional criteria (dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM), restrictive (RCM), and arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC)) was further refined into genetic (inherited or familial) and acquired (non-inherited or secondary) forms. Despite substantial progress in the identification of novel CMP-associated genetic variations, as well as improved clinical recognition diagnoses, the functional consequences of these mutations and the exact details of the signaling pathways leading to hypertrophy, dilation, and/or contractile impairment remain elusive. To date, global research has mainly focused on the genetic factors underlying CMP pathogenesis. However, growing evidence shows that alterations in molecular mediators associated with the diagnosis of CMPs are not always correlated with genetic mutations, suggesting that additional mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may play a role in the onset or progression of CMPs. This review summarizes published findings of inherited CMPs with a specific focus on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating these cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pagiatakis
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan Unit, National Research Council, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.D.M.)
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10
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Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, is initially an adaptive response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Decompensated cardiac hypertrophy is related to fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine, maladaptive remodeling, and heart failure. Although pathological myocardial hypertrophy is the main cause of hypertrophy-related morbidity and mortality, our understanding of its mechanism is still poor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate various physiological and pathological processes through multiple molecular mechanisms. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that lncRNA-H19 is a potent regulator of the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. For the first time, this review summarizes the current studies about the role of lncRNA-H19 in cardiac hypertrophy, including its pathophysiological processes and underlying pathological mechanism, including calcium regulation, fibrosis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and methylation. The context within which lncRNA-H19 might be developed as a target for cardiac hypertrophy treatment is then discussed to gain better insight into the possible biological functions of lncRNA-H19 in cardiac hypertrophy.
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11
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Martens L, Rühle F, Witten A, Meder B, Katus HA, Arbustini E, Hasenfuß G, Sinner MF, Kääb S, Pankuweit S, Angermann C, Bornberg-Bauer E, Stoll M. A genetic variant alters the secondary structure of the lncRNA H19 and is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. RNA Biol 2021; 18:409-415. [PMID: 34313541 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1952756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs are at the core of many regulatory processes and have also been recognized to be involved in various complex diseases. They affect gene regulation through direct interactions with RNA, DNA or proteins. Accordingly, lncRNA structure is likely to be essential for their regulatory function. Point mutations, which manifest as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in genome screens, can substantially alter their function and, subsequently, the expression of their downstream regulated genes. To test the effect of SNPs on structure, we investigated lncRNAs associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Among 322 human candidate lncRNAs, we demonstrate first the significant association of an SNP located in lncRNA H19 using data from 1084 diseased and 751 control patients. H19 is generally highly expressed in the heart, with a complex expression pattern during heart development. Next, we used MFE (minimum free energy) folding to demonstrate a significant refolding in the secondary structure of this 861 nt long lncRNA. Since MFE folding may overlook the importance of sub-optimal structures, we showed that this refolding also manifests in the overall Boltzmann structure ensemble. There, the composition of structures is tremendously affected in their thermodynamic probabilities through the genetic variant. Finally, we confirmed these results experimentally, using SHAPE-Seq, corroborating that SNPs affecting such structures may explain hidden genetic variance not accounted for through genome wide association studies. Our results suggest that structural changes in lncRNAs, and lncRNA H19 in particular, affect regulatory processes and represent optimal targets for further in-depth studies probing their molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Martens
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Genome Technology Center Stanford, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Hugo A Katus
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Angermann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Insights into how H19 works in glioma cells. A review article. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100411. [PMID: 34107413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor and considered to be the most common primary one. Recurrence after treatment is a significant problem, with a survival rate after one year of about 39.7%. The recurrence of GBM is linked to different cellular pathways and molecular signaling. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) comprises more than 200 nucleotides and is suggested to play a role in controlling genes that regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis and cellular growth in various tissues. Little is known about LncRNA compared to microRNAs, which are extensively studied in the literature. H19 is one of the most plentiful and conserved transcripts suggested to be involved in mammalian development and tumorigenesis. H19 is one of the LncRNA members transcribed by RNA polymerase II, spliced and polyadenylated, and the product is transferred to the cytoplasm without translation. HI9 maps to 1lp15, a region thought to be relevant to some childhood tumors as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilm's Tumor. In these tumors, the analysis of the 11p15 locus showed loss of heterozygosity which is a feature associated with the tumor-suppressing activity. However, the role played by H19 in GBM is still enigmatic and needs further extensive evaluation. Uncovering the hidden role of such molecules in the pathogenesis in glioma will help tailor new targeted therapies that may affect the prognosis and survival of GBM.
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13
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Sun C, Ni M, Song B, Cao L. Circulating Circular RNAs: Novel Biomarkers for Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:560537. [PMID: 33281603 PMCID: PMC7691568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.560537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious, chronic disease, causing significant ill health and high mortality worldwide. The current clinical strategies emphasize reducing the transition from a healthy to a failing heart despite the shift in the clinical goal from healing to disease prevention. Recent research advancements on noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are significant therapeutic targets in HF. Previous studies have highlighted the potential applicability of circRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, less is known regarding the potential benefits of circRNAs as novel diagnostic and treatment biomarkers for HF. In the present study, we summarize the current developments and achievements associated with the use of circRNAs as HF biomarkers. We also discuss future research directions regarding HF diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Genetic variations associated with long noncoding RNAs. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:867-873. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variations, are widely distributed in the genome, including the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regions. The changes at locus might produce numerous effects in a variety of aspects. Multiple bioinformatics resources and tools were also developed for systematically dealing with genetic variations associated with lncRNAs. Moreover, correlation of the genetic variations in lncRNAs with immune disease, cancers, and other disease as well as development process were all included for discussion. In this essay, we summarized how and in what aspects these changes would affect lncRNA functions.
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15
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Guo Q, Wang J, Sun R, Gu W, He Z, Chen Q, Liu W, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Identification of circulating hub long noncoding RNAs associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using weighted correlation network analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4637-4644. [PMID: 33174017 PMCID: PMC7646839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most commonly inherited heart diseases and the leading cause of sudden cardiac death among adolescents and young adults. Circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in several cardiovascular diseases. However, the circulating extracellular lncRNA expression profile of patients with HCM remains unclear. Plasma lncRNA expression was evaluated in patients with HCM and healthy controls using a human lncRNA microarray. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and linear models for microarray data (Limma) were used. GSE68316 data from cardiac tissue in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analysed for further validation. Using WGCNA, two modules (referred to as the magenta and the light-yellow module) were identified that were positively associated with HCM. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that lncRNAs in the magenta module targeted ‘heart growth’. Using Limma, a total of 290 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (210 upregulated and 80 downregulated) in the plasma of HCM patients, compared with controls. Moreover, combined WGCNA and Limma analysis demonstrated that 27 hub lncRNAs in the magenta module and 13 hub lncRNAs in the light-yellow module were significantly upregulated, compared with the controls. Moreover, of the 40 differentially expressed hub lncRNAs identified in the two modules, three circulating lncRNAs (lnc-P2RY6-1:1, ENST00000488040 and ENST00000588047) were also significantly upregulated in the HCM cardiac tissue validation dataset. These lncRNAs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precise diagnosis and treatment of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Runlu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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16
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Tao L, Shi J, Huang X, Hua F, Yang L. Identification of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA theory reveals functional lncRNAs in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1176-1190. [PMID: 32742356 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects 1 in every 200 people in the general population, leading to cardiac ischemia, heart failure and increased risk of sudden death. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve specific roles in various biological processes and participate in the pathology of various diseases, including HCM. Although a large number of lncRNAs have been detected, the functions of lncRNAs in HCM are still unknown. In the present study, a global triple network based on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory was constructed using data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of mRNAs in the lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA network were performed using the Cytoscape plugins, BiNGO and Database. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was composed of 30 lncRNA nodes, 94 mRNA nodes and 8 miRNA nodes. Subsequently, hub nodes and the number of relationship pairs were analyzed and showed that 5 lncRNAs (ENST00000597346.1, ENST00000458178.1, ENST00000544461.1, ENST00000567093.1 and ENST00000571219.1) were closely related to HCM. Cluster module analysis and Random Walk with Restart of the ceRNA network further confirmed the potential role of two lncRNAs (ENST00000458178.1 and ENST00000567093.1) in HCM. The present study provides a new strategy for identifying potential pathways associated with HCM or other diseases. Furthermore, lncRNA-miRNA pairs may be regarded as candidate diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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17
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MALAT1: a therapeutic candidate for a broad spectrum of vascular and cardiorenal complications. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:372-379. [PMID: 31853043 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and renal complications cover a wide array of diseases. The most commonly known overlapping complications include cardiac and renal fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, and cardiorenal failure. The known or reported causes for the abovementioned complications include injury, ischemia, infection, and metabolic stress. To date, various targets have been reported and investigated in detail that are considered to be the cause of these complications. In the past 5 years, the role of noncoding RNAs has emerged in the area of cardiovascular and renal research, especially in relation to metabolic stress. The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) has shown immense promise among the long noncoding RNA targets for treating cardiorenal complications. In this review, we shed light on the role of MALAT1 as a primary and novel target in treating cardiovascular and renal diseases as a whole.
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18
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Harati-Sadegh M, Kohan L, Teimoori B, Mehrabani M, Salimi S. The effects of placental long noncoding RNA H19 polymorphisms and promoter methylation on H19 expression in association with preeclampsia susceptibility. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:413-425. [PMID: 31769935 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of DNA methylation on gene expression triggered it as a susceptibility factor in various diseases including preeclampsia (PE). The pathogenesis of PE is closely associated with the methylation status and genetic variants of relevant genes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the possible impacts of the placental DNA methylation and rs3741219, rs217727, and rs2107425 polymorphisms of the H19 gene on the PE susceptibility as well as the its mRNA expression. Moreover, eight haplotypes of three loci in the H19 gene were analyzed. In this case-control study, the placentas of 107 preeclamptic and 113 non-preeclamptic women were collected after delivery. The methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The H19 polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction methods. The quantitative real time PCR was used for mRNA expression assay. The placental H19 rs3741219 and rs2107425 polymorphisms were not associated with PE. However, H19 rs217727CT and TT genotypes might be associated with a 9.2- and 17.7-fold increased risk of PE, respectively. The Trs3741219 Crs217727 Crs2107425 and Trs3741219 Crs217727 Trs2107425 haplotypes were significantly lower, whereas the Trs3741219 Trs217727 Crs2107425 and Crs3741219 Trs217727 Crs2107425 haplotypes were significantly higher in PE women. Promoter but not upstream region hypermethylation of H19 gene could be led to decreased risk of PE (MM vs. UM + UU). No significant difference was observed in the placental mRNA expression between two groups. The H19 expression was significantly higher in women with unmethylated (UU), compared to methylated promoter (MM). The H19 expression was 17- and 15-fold higher in H19-rs2107425 CC and CT genotypes in PE women. In conclusion, the H19 rs2107425 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of PE and increased H19 mRNA expression. The promoter hypermethylation of H19 gene was associated with a lower risk of PE and decreased H19 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Harati-Sadegh
- Genetic of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leila Kohan
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Batool Teimoori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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19
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20
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Wang J, Sun J, Yang F. The role of long non-coding RNA H19 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:7-16. [PMID: 31897110 PMCID: PMC6924119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women in the majority of countries, such as China, Britain and Australia, and its morbidity and mortality rates remain very high. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) >200 nucleotides in length that lack open reading frames. LncRNA H19 is a transcription product of the H19 gene, and the aberrant expression of H19 can be demonstrated in various types of tumor cell. The purpose of the present review was to elaborate the role of H19 in breast cancer. H19 can regulate gene expression in breast cancer at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional. The abnormal expression of H19 is closely associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer via different underlying molecular mechanisms, such as encoding microRNA-675, competing endogenous RNA regulation and interacting with MYC. A large number of clinical studies have suggested that H19 can serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. High expression levels of H19 increases the drug resistance of breast cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis within patients with breast cancer. Therefore, serum H19 levels may have momentous significance in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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21
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Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Paulin R, Wu D, Hindmarch CCT, Archer SL, Song R, Moore JB, Provencher S, Zhang L, Uchida S. Clinical value of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C1-C28. [PMID: 31483703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed to RNA, mounting evidence indicates that only a minor proportion of these transcriptional products are actually translated into proteins. Since the discovery of the first non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the 1980s, the field has gone on to recognize ncRNAs as important molecular regulators of RNA activity and protein function, knowledge of which has stimulated the expansion of a scientific field that quests to understand the role of ncRNAs in cellular physiology, tissue homeostasis, and human disease. Although our knowledge of these molecules has significantly improved over the years, we have limited understanding of their precise functions, protein interacting partners, and tissue-specific activities. Adding to this complexity, it remains unknown exactly how many ncRNAs there are in existence. The increased use of high-throughput transcriptomics techniques has rapidly expanded the list of ncRNAs, which now includes classical ncRNAs (e.g., ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs), microRNAs, and long ncRNAs. In addition, splicing by-products of protein-coding genes and ncRNAs, so-called circular RNAs, are now being investigated. Because there is substantial heterogeneity in the functions of ncRNAs, we have summarized the present state of knowledge regarding the functions of ncRNAs in heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. This review highlights the pathophysiologic relevance of these ncRNAs in the context of human cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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22
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Choong OK, Chen CY, Zhang J, Lin JH, Lin PJ, Ruan SC, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PC. Hypoxia-induced H19/YB-1 cascade modulates cardiac remodeling after infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6550-6567. [PMID: 31588235 PMCID: PMC6771230 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) has been identified as a pivotal novel regulators in cardiac development as well as cardiac pathogenesis. lncRNA H19 is known as a fetal gene but it is exclusively abundant in the heart and skeletal muscles in adulthood, and is evolutionarily conserved in humans and mice. It has been reported to possess a significant correlation with the risk of coronary artery diseases. However, the function of H19 is not well characterized in heart. Methods: Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models with left anterior descending coronary artery-ligation surgery were utilized to evaluate the functionality of H19 in vivo. For mechanistic studies, hypoxia condition were exerted in in vitro models to mimic cardiac ischemic injury. Chromatin isolation by RNA immunoprecipitation (ChIRP) was performed to reveal the interacting protein of lncRNA H19. Results: lncRNA H19 was significantly upregulated in the infarct area post-surgery day 4 in mouse model. Ectopic expression of H19 in the mouse heart resulted in severe cardiac dilation and fibrosis. Several extracellular matrix (ECM) genes were significantly upregulated. While genetic ablation of H19 by CRISPR-Cas9 ameliorated post-MI cardiac remodeling with reduced expression in ECM genes. Through chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP), we identified Y-box-binding protein (YB)-1, a suppressor of Collagen 1A1, as an interacting protein of H19. Furthermore, H19 acted to antagonize YB-1 through direct interaction under hypoxia, which resulted in de-repression of Collagen 1A1 expression and cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions: Together these results demonstrate that lncRNA H19 and its interacting protein YB-1 are crucial for ECM regulation during cardiac remodeling.
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