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Singh SSB, Patil KN. SIRT1/AMPK-mediated pathway: Ferulic acid from sugar beet pulp mitigating obesity-induced diabetes-linked complications and improving metabolic health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159511. [PMID: 38761896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome due to the high calorie intake. The role of sugar beet pulp (SBP) in T2D and the mechanism of its action remain unclear, though it is abundant in phenolics and has antioxidant activity. In this study, we isolated and purified ferulic acid from SBP, referred to as SBP-E, and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism developing high glucose/high fat diet-induced diabetic models in vitro and in vivo. SBP-E showed no cytotoxicity and reduced the oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) in human liver (HepG2) and rat skeletal muscle (L6) cells. It also decreased body weight gain, food intake, fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and lipid accumulation. Additionally, SBP-E decreased the oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant enzyme levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D mice. Further, SBP-E reduced plasma and liver advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. Importantly, SBP-E significantly elevated AMPK, glucose transporter, SIRT1 activity, and Nrf2 expression and decreased ACC activity and SREBP1 levels in diabetic models. Collectively, our study results suggest that SBP-E treatment can improve obesity-induced T2D by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism via SIRT1/AMPK signalling and the AMPK/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha S B Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Neelakanteshwar Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bolakale-Rufai IK, Shinnerl A, Knapp SM, Johnson AE, Mohammed S, Brewer L, Torabi A, Addison D, Mazimba S, Breathett K. Association between social vulnerability index and admission urgency for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 39:100370. [PMID: 38469116 PMCID: PMC10927260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are not offered equitably to vulnerable population groups. Adequate levels of insurance may narrow gaps among patients with higher social vulnerability index (SVI). Among a national population of individuals with commercial or Medicare insurance, we sought to determine whether SVI was associated with urgency of receipt of TAVR for aortic stenosis. Methods and results Using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM), we identified admissions for TAVR with aortic stenosis between January 2018 and March 2022. Admission urgency was identified by CDM claims codes. SVI was cross-referenced to patient zip codes and grouped into quintiles. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to predict the probability of a TAVR admission being urgent based on SVI quintiles, adjusting for patient and hospital-level covariates. Results Among 6680 admissions for TAVR [median age 80 years (interquartile range 75-85), 43.9 % female], 8.5 % (n = 567) were classified as urgent. After adjusting for patient and hospital-level variables, there were no significant differences in the odds of urgent admission for TAVR according to SVI quintiles [OR 5th (greatest social vulnerability) vs 1st quintile (least social vulnerability): 1.29 (95 % CI: 0.90-1.85)]. Conclusions Among commercial or Medicare beneficiaries with aortic stenosis, SVI was not associated with admission urgency for TAVR. To clarify whether cardiovascular care delivery is improved across SVI with higher paying beneficiaries, future investigation should identify whether relationships between SVI and TAVR urgency vary for Medicaid beneficiaries compared to commercial beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeoluwapo Kendra Bolakale-Rufai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Alexander Shinnerl
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Knapp
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amber E. Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Selma Mohammed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - LaPrincess Brewer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Asad Torabi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Daniel Addison
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Sula Mazimba
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville and AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Khadijah Breathett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Secemsky EA, Kirksey L, Quiroga E, King CM, Martinson M, Hasegawa JT, West NEJ, Wadhera RK. Impact of Intensity of Vascular Care Preceding Major Amputation Among Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 17:e012798. [PMID: 38152880 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.122.012798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower-limb amputation rates in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia vary across the United States, with marked disparities in amputation rates by gender, race, and income status. We evaluated the association of patient, hospital, and geographic characteristics with the intensity of vascular care received the year before a major lower-limb amputation and how intensity of care associates with outcomes after amputation. METHODS Using Medicare claims data (2016-2019), beneficiaries diagnosed with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who underwent a major lower-limb amputation were identified. We examined patient, hospital, and geographic characteristics associated with the intensity of vascular care received the year before amputation. Secondary objectives evaluated all-cause mortality and adverse events following amputation. RESULTS Of 33 036 total Medicare beneficiaries undergoing major amputation, 7885 (23.9%) were due to chronic limb-threatening ischemia; of these, 4988 (63.3%) received low-intensity and 2897 (36.7%) received high-intensity vascular care. Mean age, 76.6 years; women, 38.9%; Black adults, 24.5%; and of low income, 35.2%. After multivariable adjustment, those of low income (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58-0.72]; P<0.001), and to a lesser extent, men (odds ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.98]; P=0.019), and those who received care at a safety-net hospital (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78-0.97]; P=0.012) were most likely to receive low intensity of care before amputation. High-intensity care was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality 2 years following amputation (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74-0.85]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients who were of low-income status, and to a lesser extent, men, or those cared for at safety-net hospitals were most likely to receive low-intensity vascular care. Low-intensity care was associated with worse long-term event-free survival. These data emphasize the continued disparities that exist in contemporary vascular practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Lee Kirksey
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.K.)
| | - Elina Quiroga
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (E.Q.)
| | - Claire M King
- Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA (C.M.K., J.T.H., N.E.J.W.)
| | | | | | - Nick E J West
- Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA (C.M.K., J.T.H., N.E.J.W.)
| | - Rishi K Wadhera
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.S., R.K.W.)
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Xiao Y, Su D, Hu X, Yang G, Shan Y. Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9421-9431. [PMID: 35862634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to the formation of metabolic diseases. Studies have confirmed that neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) possesses the biological activity of preventing glycolipid metabolism disorder. To explore the mechanism of its preventive activity against glucolipid metabolism disorder, HFD-treated rats were orally administered with NHDC for 12 weeks continuously. The results showed that, compared with the HFD group, the intervention of 40-80 mg/kg body weight of NHDC effectively downregulated the level of fasting blood glucose. Western blot analysis revealed that the treatment of NHDC alleviated the inhibitory effect of HFD on the expression of hepatic GLUT-4 and IRS-1. Further studies confirmed that NHDC reduced the degree of HFD-stimulated inflammation of ileum through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, ileum intestinal flora analysis showed that intragastric administration of NHDC reversed the change of Proteobacteria abundance and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio caused by HFD. At the generic level, NHDC promoted the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Oscillospira, and [Eubacterium], while reducing the relative abundance of Defluviitalea and Prevotella. Taken together, these findings suggest that NHDC possesses the biological activity of improving HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Xiao
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Donglin Su
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Lianyuan Kanglu Biotech Co., Ltd., Lianyuan, Hunan 417100, China
| | - Guliang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Makhoul E, Aklinski JL, Miller J, Leonard C, Backer S, Kahar P, Parmar MS, Khanna D. A Review of COVID-19 in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome: Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia. Cureus 2022; 14:e27438. [PMID: 36051728 PMCID: PMC9420458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although severe cases and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proportionally infrequent, these cases are strongly linked to patients with conditions of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). However, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in relation to metabolic syndrome is not well understood. Thus, the goal of this secondary literature review was to examine the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the individual conditions of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this secondary literature review was achieved by examining primary studies, case studies, and other secondary studies, to obtain a comprehensive perspective of theories and observations of COVID-19 etiology with metabolic syndrome. The most extensive research was available on the topics of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, which yielded multiple (and sometimes conflicting) hypothetical pathophysiology. The sources on dyslipidemia and COVID-19 were scarcer and failed to provide an equally comprehensive image, highlighting the need for further research. It was concluded that hypertension had the strongest correlation with COVID-19 incidence (followed by obesity), yet the causative pathophysiology was ambiguous; most likely related to cardiovascular, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2)-related complications from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) imbalance. Obesity was also positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19 cases and was believed to contribute to mechanical difficulties with respiration, in addition to hypothetical connections with the expression of ACE-2 on abundant adipose tissue. Diabetes was believed to contribute to COVID-19 severity by producing a chronic inflammatory state and interfering with neutrophil and T-cell function. Furthermore, there were indications that COVID-19 may induce acute-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Lastly, dyslipidemia was concluded to potentially facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing lipid rafts and immunosuppressive functions. There were also indications that cholesterol levels may have prognostic indications and that statins may have therapeutic benefits.
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Zhang BH, Yin F, Qiao YN, Guo SD. Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909151. [PMID: 35693558 PMCID: PMC9174947 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death globally, and atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of CVDs. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong causal factor of atherosclerosis. However, the first-line lipid-lowering drugs, statins, only reduce approximately 30% of the CVD risk. Of note, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cannot be eliminated in a great number of patients even their LDL-C levels meet the recommended clinical goals. Previously, whether the elevated plasma level of triglyceride is causally associated with ASCVD has been controversial. Recent genetic and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) are the main causal risk factors of the residual ASCVD. TGRLs and their metabolites can promote atherosclerosis via modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of foam cells. In this article, we will make a short review of TG and TGRL metabolism, display evidence of association between TG and ASCVD, summarize the atherogenic factors of TGRLs and their metabolites, and discuss the current findings and advances in TG-lowering therapies. This review provides information useful for the researchers in the field of CVD as well as for pharmacologists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Sascău R, Clement A, Radu R, Prisacariu C, Stătescu C. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Their Remnants as Silent Promoters of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Other Metabolic Disorders: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1774. [PMID: 34067469 PMCID: PMC8224751 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While targeting elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the mainstay of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the evidence regarding the atherogenic role of hypertriglyceridemia is still controversial. Various epidemiological population-based studies on statin-treated subjects nominated triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (namely, chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein particles), and their remnants as major determinants of the substantial residual cardiovascular risk. With the triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio emerging as surrogate indicators of peripheral artery disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, one can conclude that further research addressing the intricate relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerosis is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to provide insight into the current clinical and epidemiological state of knowledge on the relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also intends to highlight the connection between triglycerides and other metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, and the potential benefits of triglyceride-lowering agents on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Clement
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Rodica Radu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Prisacariu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
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