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Dutra JAP, Maximino SC, Gonçalves RDCR, Morais PAB, de Lima Silva WC, Rodrigues RP, Neto ÁC, Júnior VL, de Souza Borges W, Kitagawa RR. Anti-Candida, docking studies, and in vitro metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity evaluation of Eugenol derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:350-363. [PMID: 36053023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality rates of Candida infections, especially among immunocompromised patients, are related to the increased resistance rate of these species and the limited therapeutic arsenal. In this context, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential and the cytotoxic profile of eugenol derivatives. Anti-Candida activity was evaluated on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular docking calculations at the site of the enzyme lanosterol-14-α-demethylase active site, responsible for ergosterol formation. The cytotoxic profile was evaluated in HepG2 cells, in the presence and absence of the metabolizing system (S9 system). The results indicated compounds 1b and 1d as the most active ones. The compounds have anti-Candida activity against both strains with MIC ranging from 50 to 100 μg ml-1 . SEM analyses of 1b and 1d indicated changes in the envelope architecture of both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis like the ones of eugenol and fluconazole, respectively. Docking results of the evaluated compounds indicated a similar binding pattern of fluconazole and posaconazole at the lanosterol-14-α-demethylase binding site. In the presence of the S9 system, compound 1b showed the same cytotoxicity profile as fluconazole (1.08 times) and compound 1d had 1.23 times increase in cytotoxicity. Eugenol and other evaluated compounds showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity. Our results suggest compound 1b as a promising starting point candidate to be used in the design of new anti-Candida agent prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessyca Aparecida Paes Dutra
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | - Sarah Canal Maximino
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Pereira Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Bonfim, Brazil
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2
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Ohiienko T, Kutsyk R, Kurovets L, Ohiienko S, Pyuryk Y. SCREENING OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS EXTRACTS FOR THE SYNERGISM WITH FLUCONAZOLE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS AND CANDIDA TROPICALIS FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH DENTURE STOMATITIS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1615-1620. [PMID: 37622505 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202307115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To conduct a primary screening of the ability of aqueous-ethanol extracts of medicinal plants to enhance the effect of fluconazole against resistant strains of Candida sp. associated with denture stomatitis, to justify the potential use of combined antifungal therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 40 biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 system with the use of VITEK 2 YST ID card (Biomerieux, France). The computer programs UTHSCSA ImageTool 2.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2003 were used for statistical processing of the results. RESULTS Results: 114 extracts out of 166 studied ones (68.7 « 0.28%) showed direct antifungal activity in relation to C. tropicalis strain, 74 extracts (44.6 « 0.30%) turned out to be highly active (d IZ > 10 mm). Only 50 extracts out of 166 studied ones (30.1 « 0.28%) showed antifungal activity against C. albicans strain, 26 extracts (15.7 « 0.22%) were highly active (d IZ > 10 mm). Significant direct antifungal activity both against C. albicans strain and C. tropicalis strain was demonstrated by the extracts of the leaves of Sophora japonica, thallus of Mnium cuspidatum Hedw. (M.silvaticum Lindb.), herbs of Euphorbia amygdaloides L., Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., Betonica officinalis L. s. l., flowers of Primula officinalis Hill., roots of Scrophularia nodosa L. CONCLUSION Conclusions: 1. Aqueous-ethanolic extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants of Ukrainian flora have direct antifungal activity against azole resistant C. albicans and C. tropicalis (44,6«0,30% and 15,7«0,22% of tested extracts respectively) associated with denture stomatitis as well restore their sensitivity to fluconazole (44,6«0,30% and 15,7«0,22% of extracts respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Ohiienko
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Roman Kutsyk
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Lesia Kurovets
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | | | - Yaroslav Pyuryk
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
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Holanda MA, da Silva CR, de A Neto JB, do Av Sá LG, do Nascimento FB, Barroso DD, da Silva LJ, Cândido TM, Leitão AC, Barbosa AD, de Moraes MO, Cc B, Júnior HVN. Evaluation of the antifungal activity in vitro of midazolam against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:71-81. [PMID: 33459560 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of midazolam, alone and in association with azoles, against isolates of clinical Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm form. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity was observed using the broth microdilution technique. Flow cytometry tests were performed to investigate the probable mechanism of action and the comet test and cytotoxicity test were applied to evaluate DNA damage. Results: Midazolam (MIDAZ) showed antifungal activity against planktonic cells (125-250 μg/ml) and reduced the viability of Candida spp. biofilms (125 a 2500 μg/ml). The interaction of MIDAZ against Candida spp. biofilms was observed through scanning electron microscopy, causing alteration of their appearance. Therefore, MIDAZ has antifungal potential against Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Av Holanda
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Cecília R da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - João B de A Neto
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil.,University Center Christus, Fortaleza, CE 60160 230, Brazil
| | - Lívia G do Av Sá
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bsa do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Daiana D Barroso
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Lisandra J da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cândido
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil.,University Center Christus, Fortaleza, CE 60160 230, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Leitão
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Amanda D Barbosa
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Manoel O de Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cc
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
| | - Hélio V Nobre Júnior
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 1160, Brazil.,Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430 276, Brazil
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Fernandes L, Fortes BN, Lincopan N, Ishida K. Caspofungin and Polymyxin B Reduce the Cell Viability and Total Biomass of Mixed Biofilms of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573263. [PMID: 33391197 PMCID: PMC7772422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. are biofilm-forming pathogens commonly found colonizing medical devices, being mainly associated with pneumonia and bloodstream infections. The coinfection by these pathogens presents higher mortality rates when compared to those caused by a single microbial species. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of echinocandins and polymyxin B (PMB) against polymicrobial biofilms of carbapenem-resistant (CR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata). In addition, we tested the antimicrobial effect on their planktonic and monomicrobial biofilm counterparties. Interestingly, beyond inhibition of planktonic [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.5 μg/ml] and biofilm [minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC)50 ≤ 2–8 μg/ml] growth of P. aeruginosa, PMB was also effective against planktonic cells of C. tropicalis (MIC = 2 μg/ml), and polymicrobial biofilms of CR P. aeruginosa with C. tropicalis (MBIC50 ≤ 2 μg/ml), C. parapsilosis (MBIC50 = 4–16 μg/ml), C. glabrata (MBIC50 = 8–16 μg/ml), or C. albicans (MBIC50 = 8–64 μg/ml). On the other hand, while micafungin (MFG) showed highest inhibitory activity against planktonic (MIC ≤ 0.008–0.5 μg/ml) and biofilm (MBIC50 ≤ 2–16 μg/ml) growth of Candida spp.; caspofungin (CAS) displays inhibitory activity against planktonic cells (MIC = 0.03–0.25 μg/ml) and monomicrobial biofilms (MBIC50 ≤ 2–64 μg/ml) of Candida spp., and notably on planktonic and monomicrobial biofilms of CR P. aeruginosa (MIC or MBIC50 ≥ 64 μg/ml). Particularly, for mixed biofilms, while CAS reduced significantly viable cell counts of CR P. aeruginosa and Candida spp. at ≥32 and ≥ 2 μg/ml, respectively; PMB was effective in reducing viable cells of CR P. aeruginosa at ≥2 μg/ml and Candida spp. at ≥8 μg/ml. Similar reduction of viable cells was observed for CAS (32–64 μg/ml) combined with PMB (2 μg/ml). These findings highlight the potential of PMB and CAS for the treatment of polymicrobial infections caused by Candida spp. and critical priority CR P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nakanishi Fortes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira JSD, Pereira VS, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG. The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:377-388. [PMID: 32319304 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is a prominent non-Candida albicans Candida species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates. Understanding C. tropicalis resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections. In this review, we address the main mechanisms underlying C. tropicalis resistance to the major antifungal classes used to treat candidiasis. The main genetic basis involved in C. tropicalis antifungal resistance is discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistant strains and the mechanisms involved in C. tropicalis resistance can help improve diagnosis and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of this Candida species to improve clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, 1315 Coronel Nunes de Melo Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60420-270, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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