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Keith DJ, Townsend SD. Total Synthesis of the Congested, Bisphosphorylated Morganella morganii Zwitterionic Trisaccharide Repeating Unit. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12939-12945. [PMID: 31329445 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) activate T-cell-dependent immune responses by major histocompatibility complex class II presentation. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a Morganella morganii ZPS repeating unit as an enabling tool in the synthesis of novel ZPS materials. The repeating unit incorporates a 1,2-cis-α-glycosidic bond; the problematic 1,2-trans-galactosidic bond, Gal-β-(1 → 3)-GalNAc; and phosphoglycerol and phosphocholine residues which have not been previously observed together as functional groups on the same oligosaccharide. The successful third-generation approach leverages a first in class glycosylation of a phosphoglycerol-functionalized acceptor. To install the phosphocholine unit, a highly effective phosphocholine donor was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jamin Keith
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
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2
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Chellapandi P, Prisilla A. Clostridium botulinum type A-virulome-gut interactions: A systems biology insight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Mycoplasma agalactiae Secretion of β-(1→6)-Glucan, a Rare Polysaccharide in Prokaryotes, Is Governed by High-Frequency Phase Variation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3370-3383. [PMID: 27037120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00274-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycoplasmas are minimal, wall-less bacteria but have retained the ability to secrete complex carbohydrate polymers that constitute a glycocalyx. In members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, which are important ruminant pathogens, the glycocalyx includes both cell-attached and cell-free polysaccharides. This report explores the potential secretion of polysaccharides by M. agalactiae, another ruminant pathogen that belongs to a distant phylogenetic group. Comparative genomic analyses showed that M. agalactiae possesses all the genes required for polysaccharide secretion. Notably, a putative synthase gene (gsmA) was identified, by in silico reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathway, that could be involved in both polymerization and export of the carbohydrate polymers. M. agalactiae polysaccharides were then purified in vitro and found to be mainly cell attached, with a linear β-(1→6)-glucopyranose structure [β-(1→6)-glucan]. Secretion of β-(1→6)-glucan was further shown to rely on the presence of a functional gsmA gene, whose expression is subjected to high-frequency phase variation. This event is governed by the spontaneous intraclonal variation in length of a poly(G) tract located in the gsmA coding sequence and was shown to occur in most of the M. agalactiae clinical isolates tested in this study. M. agalactiae susceptibility to serum-killing activity appeared to be dictated by ON/OFF switching of β-(1→6)-glucan secretion, suggesting a role of this phenomenon in survival of the pathogen when it invades the host bloodstream. Finally, β-(1→6)-glucan secretion was not restricted to M. agalactiae but was detected also in M. mycoides subsp. capri PG3(T), another pathogen of small ruminants. IMPORTANCE Many if not all bacteria are able to secrete polysaccharides, either attached to the cell surface or exported unbound into the extracellular environment. Both types of polysaccharides can play a role in bacterium-host interactions. Mycoplasmas are no exception despite their poor overall metabolic capacity. We showed here that M. agalactiae secretes a capsular β-(1→6)-glucopyranose thanks to a specific glycosyltransferase with synthase activity. This secretion is governed by high-frequency ON/OFF phase variation that might be crucial in mycoplasma host dissemination, as cell-attached β-(1→6)-glucopyranose increases serum-killing susceptibility. Our results provide functional genetic data about mycoplasmal glycosyltransferases with dual functions, i.e., assembly and export of the sugar polymers across the cell membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nonprotein epitopes can be subjected to surface antigenic variation in mycoplasmas. Finally, the present report contributes to unravel the role of secreted polysaccharides in the virulence and pathogenicity of these peculiar bacteria.
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Abstract
There is an ongoing race between bacterial evolution and medical advances. Pathogens have the advantages of short generation times and horizontal gene transfer that enable rapid adaptation to new host environments and therapeutics that currently outpaces clinical research. Antibiotic resistance, the growing impact of nosocomial infections, cancer-causing bacteria, the risk of zoonosis, and the possibility of biowarfare all emphasize the increasingly urgent need for medical research focussed on bacterial pathogens. Bacterial glycoproteins are promising targets for alternative therapeutic intervention since they are often surface exposed, involved in host-pathogen interactions, required for virulence, and contain distinctive glycan structures. The potential exists to exploit these unique structures to improve clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Translation of the potential in this field to actual clinical impact is an exciting prospect for fighting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- b Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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5
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Toukach PV, Egorova KS. Carbohydrate structure database merged from bacterial, archaeal, plant and fungal parts. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D1229-36. [PMID: 26286194 PMCID: PMC4702937 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carbohydrate Structure Databases (CSDBs, http://csdb.glycoscience.ru) store structural, bibliographic, taxonomic, NMR spectroscopic, and other data on natural carbohydrates and their derivatives published in the scientific literature. The CSDB project was launched in 2005 for bacterial saccharides (as BCSDB). Currently, it includes two parts, the Bacterial CSDB and the Plant&Fungal CSDB. In March 2015, these databases were merged to the single CSDB. The combined CSDB includes information on bacterial and archaeal glycans and derivatives (the coverage is close to complete), as well as on plant and fungal glycans and glycoconjugates (almost all structures published up to 1998). CSDB is regularly updated via manual expert annotation of original publications. Both newly annotated data and data imported from other databases are manually curated. The CSDB data are exportable in a number of modern formats, such as GlycoRDF. CSDB provides additional services for simulation of (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectra of saccharides, NMR-based structure prediction, glycan-based taxon clustering and other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip V Toukach
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Egorova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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The sweet tooth of bacteria: common themes in bacterial glycoconjugates. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:372-417. [PMID: 25184559 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have been increasingly recognized as being superorganisms, living in close contact with a microbiota on all their mucosal surfaces. However, most studies on the human microbiota have focused on gaining comprehensive insights into the composition of the microbiota under different health conditions (e.g., enterotypes), while there is also a need for detailed knowledge of the different molecules that mediate interactions with the host. Glycoconjugates are an interesting class of molecules for detailed studies, as they form a strain-specific barcode on the surface of bacteria, mediating specific interactions with the host. Strikingly, most glycoconjugates are synthesized by similar biosynthesis mechanisms. Bacteria can produce their major glycoconjugates by using a sequential or an en bloc mechanism, with both mechanistic options coexisting in many species for different macromolecules. In this review, these common themes are conceptualized and illustrated for all major classes of known bacterial glycoconjugates, with a special focus on the rather recently emergent field of glycosylated proteins. We describe the biosynthesis and importance of glycoconjugates in both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria and in both Gram-positive and -negative organisms. The focus lies on microorganisms important for human physiology. In addition, the potential for a better knowledge of bacterial glycoconjugates in the emerging field of glycoengineering and other perspectives is discussed.
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Wang YC, Lin V, Loring JF, Peterson SE. The 'sweet' spot of cellular pluripotency: protein glycosylation in human pluripotent stem cells and its applications in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:679-87. [PMID: 25736263 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1021329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) promise for the future of regenerative medicine. The structural and biochemical diversity associated with glycans makes them a unique type of macromolecule modification that is involved in the regulation of a vast array of biochemical events and cellular activities including pluripotency in hPSCs. The primary focus of this review article is to highlight recent advances in stem cell research from a glycobiological perspective. We also discuss how our understanding of glycans and glycosylation may help overcome barriers hindering the clinical application of hPSC-derived cells. AREAS COVERED A literature survey using NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar was performed in 2014. EXPERT OPINION Regenerative medicine hopes to provide novel strategies to combat human disease and tissue injury that currently lack effective therapies. Although progress in this field is accelerating, many critical issues remain to be addressed in order for cell-based therapy to become a practical and safe treatment option. Emerging evidence suggests that protein glycosylation may significantly influence the regulation of cellular pluripotency, and that the exploitation of protein glycosylation in hPSCs and their differentiated derivatives may lead to transformative and translational discoveries for regenerative medicine. In addition, hPSCs represent a novel research platform for investigating glycosylation-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Wang
- The University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-314G, Fort Worth, TX 76107 , USA +1 817 735 2944 ; +1 817 735 2603 ;
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Gade M, Paul A, Alex C, Choudhury D, Thulasiram HV, Kikkeri R. Supramolecular scaffolds on glass slides as sugar based rewritable sensors for bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6346-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the sugar functionalized β-cyclodextrin–ferrocene glass slides as fully reversible bacterial biosensors under the influence of external adamantane carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Ajay Paul
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Division of Organic chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Catherine Alex
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Devika Choudhury
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
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Kuhn H, Gutelius D, Black E, Nadolny C, Basu A, Reid C. Anti-bacterial glycosyl triazoles - Identification of an N-acetylglucosamine derivative with bacteriostatic activity against Bacillus. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1213-1217. [PMID: 25431647 PMCID: PMC4241850 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) play an important role in the remodeling and recycling of bacterial peptidoglycan. Inhibitors of bacterial GlcNAcases can serve as antibacterial agents and provide an opportunity for the development of new antibiotics. We report the synthesis of triazole derivatives of N-acetylglucosamine using a copper promoted azide-alkyne coupling reaction between 1-azido-N-acetylglucosamine and a small library of terminal alkynes prepared via the Ugi reaction. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Two compounds that show bacteriostatic activity against Bacillus were identified, with MIC values of approximately 60 μM in both cases. Bacillus subtilis cultured in the presence of sub-MIC amounts of the glycosyl triazole inhibitors exhibit an elongated phenotype characteristic of impaired cell division. This represents the first report of inhibitors of bacterial cell wall GlcNAcases that demonstrate inhibition of cell growth in whole cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eimear Black
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912; Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, Providence RI 02917
| | - Christina Nadolny
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912; Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, Providence RI 02917
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912; Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, Providence RI 02917
| | - Christopher Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912; Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, Providence RI 02917
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Tra VN, Dube DH. Glycans in pathogenic bacteria--potential for targeted covalent therapeutics and imaging agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4659-73. [PMID: 24647371 PMCID: PMC4049282 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A substantial obstacle to the existing treatment of bacterial diseases is the lack of specific probes that can be used to diagnose and treat pathogenic bacteria in a selective manner while leaving the microbiome largely intact. To tackle this problem, there is an urgent need to develop pathogen-specific therapeutics and diagnostics. Here, we describe recent evidence that indicates distinctive glycans found exclusively on pathogenic bacteria could form the basis of targeted therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In particular, we highlight the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering to covalently deliver therapeutics and imaging agents to bacterial glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van N Tra
- Bowdoin College, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Brunswick, Maine, USA.
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are known to be essential mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to diversify their protein functions and dynamically coordinate their signaling networks. Defects in PTMs have been linked to numerous developmental disorders and human diseases, highlighting the importance of PTMs in maintaining normal cellular states. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of functional somatic cells; these cells hold a great promise for the advancement of biomedical research and clinical therapy. The mechanisms underlying cellular pluripotency in human cells have been extensively explored in the past decade. In addition to the vast amount of knowledge obtained from the genetic and transcriptional research in hPSCs, there is a rapidly growing interest in the stem cell biology field to examine pluripotency at the protein and PTM level. This review addresses recent progress toward understanding the role of PTMs (glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation) in the regulation of cellular pluripotency.
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Malott RJ, Keller BO, Gaudet RG, McCaw SE, Lai CCL, Dobson-Belaire WN, Hobbs JL, St. Michael F, Cox AD, Moraes TF, Gray-Owen SD. Neisseria gonorrhoeae-derived heptose elicits an innate immune response and drives HIV-1 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10234-9. [PMID: 23733950 PMCID: PMC3690901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303738110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological synergy exists between the globally important sexually transmitted infections, gonorrhea and HIV. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, is particularly adept at driving HIV-1 expression, but the molecular determinants of this relationship remain undefined. N. gonorrhoeae liberates a soluble factor that potently induces expression from the HIV-1 LTR in coinfected cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4(+)) T lymphocytes, but this factor is not a previously described innate effector. A genome-wide mutagenesis approach was undertaken to reveal which component(s) of N. gonorrhoeae induce HIV-1 expression in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. A mutation in the ADP-heptose biosynthesis gene, hldA, rendered the bacteria unable to induce HIV-1 expression. The hldA mutant has a truncated lipooligosaccharide structure, contains lipid A in its outer membrane, and remains bioactive in a TLR4 reporter-based assay but did not induce HIV-1 expression. Mass spectrometry analysis of extensively fractionated N. gonorrhoeae-derived supernatants revealed that the LTR-inducing fraction contained a compound having a mass consistent with heptose-monophosphate (HMP). Heptose is a carbohydrate common in microbes but is absent from the mammalian glycome. Although ADP-heptose biosynthesis is common among Gram-negative bacteria, and heptose is a core component of most lipopolysaccharides, N. gonorrhoeae is peculiar in that it effectively liberates HMP during growth. This N. gonorrhoeae-derived HMP activates CD4(+) T cells to invoke an NF-κB-dependent transcriptional response that drives HIV-1 expression and viral production. Our study thereby shows that heptose is a microbial-specific product that is sensed as an innate immune agonist and unveils the molecular link between N. gonorrhoeae and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Malott
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infection in Children, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Bernd O. Keller
- Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4; and
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Leigh Hobbs
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infection in Children, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Frank St. Michael
- Vaccine Program, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Andrew D. Cox
- Vaccine Program, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Trevor F. Moraes
- Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
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Baker JL, Çelik E, DeLisa MP. Expanding the glycoengineering toolbox: the rise of bacterial N-linked protein glycosylation. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:313-23. [PMID: 23582719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prevalent post-translational modification found on proteins, occurring in all domains of life. Ever since the discovery of asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation pathways in bacteria, major efforts have been made to harness these systems for the creation of novel therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics. Recent advances such as the ability to produce designer glycans in bacteria, some containing unnatural sugars, and techniques for evolving glycosylation enzymes have spawned an entirely new discipline known as bacterial glycoengineering. In addition to their biotechnological and therapeutic potential, bacteria equipped with recombinant N-linked glycosylation pathways are improving our understanding of the N-glycosylation process. This review discusses the key role played by microorganisms in glycosciences, particularly in the context of N-linked glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Baker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Lebeer S, Claes IJJ, Balog CIA, Schoofs G, Verhoeven TLA, Nys K, von Ossowski I, de Vos WM, Tytgat HLP, Agostinis P, Palva A, Van Damme EJM, Deelder AM, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Wuhrer M, Vanderleyden J. The major secreted protein Msp1/p75 is O-glycosylated in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:15. [PMID: 22297095 PMCID: PMC3295695 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the occurrence, biosynthesis and possible functions of glycoproteins are increasingly documented for pathogens, glycoproteins are not yet widely described in probiotic bacteria. Nevertheless, knowledge of protein glycosylation holds important potential for better understanding specific glycan-mediated interactions of probiotics and for glycoengineering in food-grade microbes. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence that the major secreted protein Msp1/p75 of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is glycosylated. Msp1 was shown to stain positive with periodic-acid Schiff staining, to be susceptible to chemical deglycosylation, and to bind with the mannose-specific Concanavalin A (ConA) lectin. Recombinant expression in Escherichia coli resulted in a significant reduction in molecular mass, loss of ConA reactivity and increased sensitivity towards pronase E and proteinase K. Mass spectrometry showed that Msp1 is O-glycosylated and identified a glycopeptide TVETPSSA (amino acids 101-108) bearing hexoses presumably linked to the serine residues. Interestingly, these serine residues are not present in the homologous protein of several Lactobacillus casei strains tested, which also did not bind to ConA. The role of the glycan substitutions in known functions of Msp1 was also investigated. Glycosylation did not seem to impact significantly on the peptidoglycan hydrolase activity of Msp1. In addition, the glycan chain appeared not to be required for the activation of Akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells by Msp1. On the other hand, examination of different cell extracts showed that Msp1 is a glycosylated protein in the supernatant, but not in the cell wall and cytosol fraction, suggesting a link between glycosylation and secretion of this protein. CONCLUSIONS In this study we have provided the first evidence of protein O-glycosylation in the probiotic L rhamnosus GG. The major secreted protein Msp1 is glycosylated with ConA reactive sugars at the serine residues at 106 and 107. Glycosylation is not required for the peptidoglycan hydrolase activity of Msp1 nor for Akt activation capacity in epithelial cells, but appears to be important for its stability and protection against proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebeer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingmar JJ Claes
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Crina IA Balog
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Schoofs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine LA Verhoeven
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Nys
- Cell Death Research & Therapy laboratory, Department Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Ingemar von Ossowski
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne LP Tytgat
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy laboratory, Department Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Els JM Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André M Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid CJ De Keersmaecker
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Wang YC, Nakagawa M, Garitaonandia I, Slavin I, Altun G, Lacharite RM, Nazor KL, Tran HT, Lynch CL, Leonardo TR, Liu Y, Peterson SE, Laurent LC, Yamanaka S, Loring JF. Specific lectin biomarkers for isolation of human pluripotent stem cells identified through array-based glycomic analysis. Cell Res 2011; 21:1551-63. [PMID: 21894191 PMCID: PMC3364725 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and dependable methods for isolating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) populations are urgently needed for quality control in basic research and in cell-based therapy applications. Using lectin arrays, we analyzed glycoproteins extracted from 26 hPSC samples and 22 differentiated cell samples, and identified a small group of lectins with distinctive binding signatures that were sufficient to distinguish hPSCs from a variety of non-pluripotent cell types. These specific biomarkers were shared by all the 12 human embryonic stem cell and the 14 human induced pluripotent stem cell samples examined, regardless of the laboratory of origin, the culture conditions, the somatic cell type reprogrammed, or the reprogramming method used. We demonstrated a practical application of specific lectin binding by detecting hPSCs within a differentiated cell population with lectin-mediated staining followed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and by enriching and purging viable hPSCs from mixed cell populations using lectin-mediated cell separation. Global gene expression analysis showed pluripotency-associated differential expression of specific fucosyltransferases and sialyltransferases, which may underlie these differences in protein glycosylation and lectin binding. Taken together, our results show that protein glycosylation differs considerably between pluripotent and non-pluripotent cells, and demonstrate that lectins may be used as biomarkers to monitor pluripotency in stem cell populations and for removal of viable hPSCs from mixed cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Schmidt F, Völker U. Proteome analysis of host-pathogen interactions: Investigation of pathogen responses to the host cell environment. Proteomics 2011; 11:3203-11. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Bacteria produce an array of glycan-based structures including capsules, lipo-oligosaccharide and glycosylated proteins, which are invariably cell-surface-located. For pathogenic bacteria, such structures are involved in diverse roles in the life cycle of the bacterium, including adhesion, colonization, avoidance of predation and interactions with the immune system. Compared with eukaryotes, bacteria produce huge combinatorial variations of glycan structures, which, coupled to the lack of genetic data, has previously hampered studies on bacterial glycans and their role in survival and pathogenesis. The advent of genomics in tandem with rapid technological improvements in MS analysis has opened a new era in bacterial glycomics. This has resulted in a rich source of novel glycan structures and new possibilities for glycoprospecting and glycoengineering. However, assigning genetic information in predicted glycan biosynthetic pathways to the overall structural information is complex. Bioinformatic analysis is required, linked to systematic mutagenesis and functional analysis of individual genes, often from diverse biosynthetic pathways. This must then be related back to structural analysis from MS or NMR spectroscopy. To aid in this process, systems level analysis of the multiple datasets can be used to make predictions of gene function that can then be confirmed experimentally. The present paper exemplifies these advances with reference to the major gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.
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Früh K, Finlay B, McFadden G. On the road to systems biology of host-pathogen interactions. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:131-3. [PMID: 20143936 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Früh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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