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Chan YL, Saad S, Machaalani R, Oliver BG, Vissel B, Pollock C, Jones NM, Chen H. Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Worsens Neurological Outcomes in Adolescent Offspring with Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:306. [PMID: 29018327 PMCID: PMC5623008 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy occurs in approximately 6 per 1000 term newborns leading to devastating neurological consequences, such as cerebral palsy and seizures. Maternal smoking is one of the prominent risk factors contributing to HI injury. Mitochondrial integrity plays a critical role in neural injury and repair during HI. We previously showed that maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) can reduce brain mitochondrial fission and autophagosome markers in male offspring. This was accompanied by increased brain cell apoptosis (active caspase-3) and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL staining). Here, we aimed to investigate whether maternal SE leads to more severe neurological damage after HI brain injury in male offspring. Female BALB/c mice (8 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke prior to mating, during gestation, and lactation. At postnatal day 10, half of the pups from each litter underwent left carotid artery occlusion, followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (92% nitrogen). At postnatal day 40-44, maternal SE reduced grip strength in grip traction and foot fault tests, which were also reduced by HI injury to similar levels regardless of the maternal group. Limb coordination was impaired by maternal SE which was not worsened by HI injury. Maternal SE increased anxiety level in the offspring, which was normalized by HI injury. Apoptosis markers were increased in different brain regions by maternal SE, with the cortex having further increased TUNEL by HI injury, along with increased markers of inflammation and mitophagy. We conclude that maternal SE can worsen HI-induced cellular damage in male offspring well into adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gelmetti V, De Rosa P, Torosantucci L, Marini ES, Romagnoli A, Di Rienzo M, Arena G, Vignone D, Fimia GM, Valente EM. PINK1 and BECN1 relocalize at mitochondria-associated membranes during mitophagy and promote ER-mitochondria tethering and autophagosome formation. Autophagy 2017; 13:654-669. [PMID: 28368777 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1277309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a highly specialized process to remove dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria through the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, aimed at protecting cells from the damage of disordered mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis induction. PINK1, a neuroprotective protein mutated in autosomal recessive Parkinson disease, has been implicated in the activation of mitophagy by selectively accumulating on depolarized mitochondria, and promoting PARK2/Parkin translocation to them. While these steps have been characterized in depth, less is known about the process and site of autophagosome formation upon mitophagic stimuli. A previous study reported that, in starvation-induced autophagy, the proautophagic protein BECN1/Beclin1 (which we previously showed to interact with PINK1) relocalizes at specific regions of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), from which the autophagosome originates. Here we show that, following mitophagic stimuli, autophagosomes also form at MAM; moreover, endogenous PINK1 and BECN1 were both found to relocalize at MAM, where they promoted the enhancement of ER-mitochondria contact sites and the formation of omegasomes, that represent autophagosome precursors. PARK2 was also enhanced at MAM following mitophagy induction. However, PINK1 silencing impaired BECN1 enrichment at MAM independently of PARK2, suggesting a novel role for PINK1 in regulating mitophagy. MAM have been recently implicated in many key cellular events. In this light, the observed prevalent localization of PINK1 at MAM may well explain other neuroprotective activities of this protein, such as modulation of mitochondrial calcium levels, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Gelmetti
- a Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Priscilla De Rosa
- b IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, CSS-Mendel Institute , Rome , Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Di Rienzo
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,e Department of Biology , "Tor Vergata" University , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- f IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Institutrégional du Cancer Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,h Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- a Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.,i Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Rakovic A, Grünewald A, Voges L, Hofmann S, Orolicki S, Lohmann K, Klein C. PINK1-Interacting Proteins: Proteomic Analysis of Overexpressed PINK1. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:153979. [PMID: 21437181 PMCID: PMC3062077 DOI: 10.4061/2011/153979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent publications suggest that the Parkinson's disease- (PD-) related PINK1/Parkin pathway promotes elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy. We used tandem affinity purification (TAP), SDS-PAGE, and mass spectrometry as a first step towards identification of possible substrates for PINK1. The cellular abundance of selected identified interactors was investigated by Western blotting. Furthermore, one candidate gene was sequenced in 46 patients with atypical PD. In addition to two known binding partners (HSP90, CDC37), 12 proteins were identified using the TAP assay; four of which are mitochondrially localized (GRP75, HSP60, LRPPRC, and TUFM). Western blot analysis showed no differences in cellular abundance of these proteins comparing PINK1 mutant and control fibroblasts. When sequencing LRPPRC, four exonic synonymous changes and 20 polymorphisms in noncoding regions were detected. Our study provides a list of putative PINK1 binding partners, confirming previously described interactions, but also introducing novel mitochondrial proteins as potential components of the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rakovic
- Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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