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Diaw SH, Delcambre S, Much C, Ott F, Kostic VS, Gajos A, Münchau A, Zittel S, Busch H, Grünewald A, Klein C, Lohmann K. DYT-THAP1: exploring gene expression in fibroblasts for potential biomarker discovery. Neurogenetics 2024:10.1007/s10048-024-00752-0. [PMID: 38498291 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Dystonia due to pathogenic variants in the THAP1 gene (DYT-THAP1) shows variable expressivity and reduced penetrance of ~ 50%. Since THAP1 encodes a transcription factor, modifiers influencing this variability likely operate at the gene expression level. This study aimed to assess the transferability of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in neuronal cells related to pathogenic variants in the THAP1 gene, which were previously identified by transcriptome analyses. For this, we performed quantitative (qPCR) and Digital PCR (dPCR) in cultured fibroblasts. RNA was extracted from THAP1 manifesting (MMCs) and non-manifesting mutation carriers (NMCs) as well as from healthy controls. The expression profiles of ten of 14 known neuronal DEGs demonstrated differences in fibroblasts between these three groups. This included transcription factors and targets (ATF4, CLN3, EIF2A, RRM1, YY1), genes involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling (BDKRB2, LPAR1), and a gene linked to apoptosis and DNA replication/repair (CRADD), which all showed higher expression levels in MMCs and NMCs than in controls. Moreover, the analysis of genes linked to neurological disorders (STXBP1, TOR1A) unveiled differences in expression patterns between MMCs and controls. Notably, the genes CUEDC2, DRD4, ECH1, and SIX2 were not statistically significantly differentially expressed in fibroblast cultures. With > 70% of the tested genes being DEGs also in fibroblasts, fibroblasts seem to be a suitable model for DYT-THAP1 research despite some restrictions. Furthermore, at least some of these DEGs may potentially also serve as biomarkers of DYT-THAP1 and influence its penetrance and expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Much
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Ott
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir S Kostic
- Institute of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Agata Gajos
- Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Grossmann D, Malburg N, Glaß H, Weeren V, Sondermann V, Pfeiffer JF, Petters J, Lukas J, Seibler P, Klein C, Grünewald A, Hermann A. Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Dynamics and Calcium Homeostasis Are Differentially Disrupted in PINK1-PD or PRKN-PD Neurons. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1822-1836. [PMID: 37449534 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of PINK1/parkin-related Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to a disturbance in mitochondrial quality control. However, recent studies have found that PINK1 and Parkin play a significant role in mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and are involved in the regulation of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites (MERCSs). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to perform an in-depth analysis of the role of MERCSs and impaired calcium homeostasis in PINK1/Parkin-linked PD. METHODS In our study, we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons from patients with PD with loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 or PRKN. We employed a split-GFP-based contact site sensor in combination with the calcium-sensitive dye Rhod-2 AM and applied Airyscan live-cell super-resolution microscopy to determine how MERCSs are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. RESULTS Our results showed that thapsigargin-induced calcium stress leads to an increase of the abundance of narrow MERCSs in wild-type neurons. Intriguingly, calcium levels at the MERCSs remained stable, whereas the increased net calcium influx resulted in elevated mitochondrial calcium levels. However, PINK1-PD or PRKN-PD neurons showed an increased abundance of MERCSs at baseline, accompanied by an inability to further increase MERCSs upon thapsigargin-induced calcium stress. Consequently, calcium distribution at MERCSs and within mitochondria was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated how the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria work together to cope with calcium stress in wild-type neurons. In addition, our results suggests that PRKN deficiency affects the dynamics and composition of MERCSs differently from PINK1 deficiency, resulting in differentially affected calcium homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Malburg
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Glaß
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veronika Weeren
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Verena Sondermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia F Pfeiffer
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Janine Petters
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Lüth T, Gabbert C, Koch S, König IR, Caliebe A, Laabs BH, Hentati F, Sassi SB, Amouri R, Spielmann M, Klein C, Grünewald A, Farrer MJ, Trinh J. Interaction of Mitochondrial Polygenic Score and Lifestyle Factors in LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1837-1849. [PMID: 37482924 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mitochondrial polygenic score (MGS) is composed of genes related to mitochondrial function and found to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the MGS and lifestyle/environment on age at onset (AAO) in LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser parkinsonism (LRRK2-PD) and idiopathic PD (iPD). METHODS We included N = 486 patients with LRRK2-PD and N = 9259 with iPD from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Platform (AMP-PD), Fox Insight, and a Tunisian Arab-Berber founder population. Genotyping data were used to perform the MGS analysis. Additionally, lifestyle/environmental data were obtained from the PD Risk Factor Questionnaire (PD-RFQ). Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between MGS, lifestyle/environment, and AAO. RESULTS Our derived MGS was significantly higher in PD cases compared with controls (P = 1.1 × 10-8 ). We observed that higher MGS was significantly associated with earlier AAO in LRRK2-PD (P = 0.047, β = -1.40) and there was the same trend with a smaller effect size in iPD (P = 0.231, β = 0.22). There was a correlation between MGS and AAO in LRRK2-PD patients of European descent (P = 0.049, r = -0.12) that was visibly less pronounced in Tunisians (P = 0.449, r = -0.05). We found that the MGS interacted with caffeinated soda consumption (P = 0.003, β = -5.65) in LRRK2-PD and with tobacco use (P = 0.010, β = 1.32) in iPD. Thus, patients with a high MGS had an earlier AAO only if they consumed caffeinated soda or were non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The MGS was more strongly associated with earlier AAO in LRRK2-PD compared with iPD. Caffeinated soda consumption or tobacco use interacted with MGS to predict AAO. Our study suggests gene-environment interactions as modifiers of AAO in LRRK2-PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Faycel Hentati
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Amouri
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Mulica P, Venegas C, Landoulsi Z, Badanjak K, Delcambre S, Tziortziou M, Hezzaz S, Ghelfi J, Smajic S, Schwamborn J, Krüger R, Antony P, May P, Glaab E, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Comparison of two protocols for the generation of iPSC-derived human astrocytes. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:26. [PMID: 37730545 PMCID: PMC10512486 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes have recently gained attention as key contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. To investigate human astrocytes in vitro, numerous differentiation protocols have been developed. However, the properties of the resulting glia are inconsistent, which complicates the selection of an appropriate method for a given research question. Thus, we compared two approaches for the generation of iPSC-derived astrocytes. We phenotyped glia that were obtained employing a widely used long, serum-free ("LSF") method against an in-house established short, serum-containing ("SSC") protocol which allows for the generation of astrocytes and midbrain neurons from the same precursor cells. RESULTS We employed high-content confocal imaging and RNA sequencing to characterize the cultures. The astrocytes generated with the LSF or SSC protocols differed considerably in their properties: while the former cells were more labor-intense in their generation (5 vs 2 months), they were also more mature. This notion was strengthened by data resulting from cell type deconvolution analysis that was applied to bulk transcriptomes from the cultures to assess their similarity with human postmortem astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our analyses highlight the need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of a given differentiation protocol, when designing functional or drug discovery studies involving iPSC-derived astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carmen Venegas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Zied Landoulsi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Tziortziou
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Soraya Hezzaz
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Semra Smajic
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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5
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Chemla A, Arena G, Onal G, Walter J, Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Grünewald A, Schwamborn JC, Krüger R. Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines and the corresponding isogenic controls from Parkinson's disease patients carrying the heterozygous mutations c.815G > A (p.R272Q) or c.1348C > T (p.R450C) in the RHOT1 gene encoding Miro1. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103145. [PMID: 37364399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts from two Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying either the heterozygous mutation c.815G > A (Miro1 p.R272Q) or c.1348C > T (Miro1 p.R450C) in the RHOT1 gene, were converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using RNA-based and episomal reprogramming, respectively. The corresponding isogenic gene-corrected lines have been generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These two isogenic pairs will be used to study Miro1-related molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in relevant iPSC-derived neuronal models (e.g., midbrain dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Chemla
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Gizem Onal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Turkey
| | - Jonas Walter
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg.
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6
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Tiane A, Schepers M, Reijnders RA, van Veggel L, Chenine S, Rombaut B, Dempster E, Verfaillie C, Wasner K, Grünewald A, Prickaerts J, Pishva E, Hellings N, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T. From methylation to myelination: epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling of chronic inactive demyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:283-299. [PMID: 37286732 PMCID: PMC10328906 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the progressive phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), the hampered differentiation capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) eventually results in remyelination failure. We have previously shown that DNA methylation of Id2/Id4 is highly involved in OPC differentiation and remyelination. In this study, we took an unbiased approach by determining genome-wide DNA methylation patterns within chronically demyelinated MS lesions and investigated how certain epigenetic signatures relate to OPC differentiation capacity. We compared genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptional profiles between chronically demyelinated MS lesions and matched normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), making use of post-mortem brain tissue (n = 9/group). DNA methylation differences that inversely correlated with mRNA expression of their corresponding genes were validated for their cell-type specificity in laser-captured OPCs using pyrosequencing. The CRISPR-dCas9-DNMT3a/TET1 system was used to epigenetically edit human-iPSC-derived oligodendrocytes to assess the effect on cellular differentiation. Our data show hypermethylation of CpGs within genes that cluster in gene ontologies related to myelination and axon ensheathment. Cell type-specific validation indicates a region-dependent hypermethylation of MBP, encoding for myelin basic protein, in OPCs obtained from white matter lesions compared to NAWM-derived OPCs. By altering the DNA methylation state of specific CpGs within the promotor region of MBP, using epigenetic editing, we show that cellular differentiation and myelination can be bidirectionally manipulated using the CRISPR-dCas9-DNMT3a/TET1 system in vitro. Our data indicate that OPCs within chronically demyelinated MS lesions acquire an inhibitory phenotype, which translates into hypermethylation of crucial myelination-related genes. Altering the epigenetic status of MBP can restore the differentiation capacity of OPCs and possibly boost (re)myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Rick A. Reijnders
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve van Veggel
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Sarah Chenine
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Emma Dempster
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Pishva
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
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7
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Aleknonytė-Resch M, Trinh J, Leonard H, Delcambre S, Leitão E, Lai D, Smajić S, Orr-Urtreger A, Thaler A, Blauwendraat C, Sharma A, Makarious MB, Kim JJ, Lake J, Rahmati P, Freitag-Wolf S, Seibler P, Foroud T, Singleton AB, Grünewald A, Kaiser F, Klein C, Krawczak M, Dempfle A. Genome-wide case-only analysis of gene-gene interactions with known Parkinson's disease risk variants reveals link between LRRK2 and SYT10. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:102. [PMID: 37386035 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of one genetic factor upon Parkinson's disease (PD) risk may be modified by other genetic factors. Such gene-gene interaction (G×G) could explain some of the 'missing heritability' of PD and the reduced penetrance of known PD risk variants. Using the largest single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data set currently available for PD (18,688 patients), provided by the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, we studied G×G with a case-only (CO) design. To this end, we paired each of 90 SNPs previously reported to be associated with PD with one of 7.8 million quality-controlled SNPs from a genome-wide panel. Support of any putative G×G interactions found was sought by the analysis of independent genotype-phenotype and experimental data. A total of 116 significant pairwise SNP genotype associations were identified in PD cases, pointing towards G×G. The most prominent associations involved a region on chromosome 12q containing SNP rs76904798, which is a non-coding variant of the LRRK2 gene. It yielded the lowest interaction p-value overall with SNP rs1007709 in the promoter region of the SYT10 gene (interaction OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.65-1.95, p = 2.7 × 10-43). SNPs around SYT10 were also associated with the age-at-onset of PD in an independent cohort of carriers of LRRK2 mutation p.G2019S. Moreover, SYT10 gene expression during neuronal development was found to differ between cells from affected and non-affected p.G2019S carriers. G×G interaction on PD risk, involving the LRRK2 and SYT10 gene regions, is biologically plausible owing to the known link between PD and LRRK2, its involvement in neural plasticity, and the contribution of SYT10 to the exocytosis of secretory vesicles in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Aleknonytė-Resch
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Semra Smajić
- Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avner Thaler
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arunabh Sharma
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonggeol Jeff Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Lake
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pegah Rahmati
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
- Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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8
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Gabbert C, König IR, Lüth T, Kasten M, Grünewald A, Klein C, Trinh J. Lifestyle factors and clinical severity of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9537. [PMID: 37308498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors, environmental factors, and gene-environment interactions have been found to modify PD risk, age at onset (AAO), and disease progression. The objective of this study was to explore the association of coffee drinking, aspirin intake, and smoking, with motor and non-motor symptoms in a cohort of 35,959 American patients with PD from the Fox Insight Study using generalized linear models. Coffee drinkers had fewer problems swallowing but dosage and duration of coffee intake were not associated with motor or non-motor symptoms. Aspirin intake correlated with more tremor (p = 0.0026), problems getting up (p = 0.0185), light-headedness (p = 0.0043), and problems remembering (p = 1 × 10-5). Smoking was directly associated with symptoms: smokers had more problems with drooling (p = 0.0106), swallowing (p = 0.0002), and freezing (p < 1 × 10-5). Additionally, smokers had more possibly mood-related symptoms: unexplained pains (p < 1 × 10-5), problems remembering (p = 0.0001), and feeling sad (p < 1 × 10-5). Confirmatory and longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the clinical correlation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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9
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Castelo Rueda MP, Zanon A, Gilmozzi V, Lavdas AA, Raftopoulou A, Delcambre S, Del Greco M F, Klein C, Grünewald A, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Pichler I. Molecular phenotypes of mitochondrial dysfunction in clinically non-manifesting heterozygous PRKN variant carriers. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:65. [PMID: 37072441 PMCID: PMC10113363 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) variants in PRKN are causal for PD with highly penetrant symptom expression, while the much more common heterozygous variants may predispose to PD with highly reduced penetrance, through altered mitochondrial function. In the presence of pathogenic heterozygous variants, it is therefore important to test for mitochondrial alteration in cells derived from variant carriers to establish potential presymptomatic molecular markers. We generated lymphoblasts (LCLs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons from non-manifesting heterozygous PRKN variant carriers and tested them for mitochondrial functionality. In LCLs, we detected hyperactive mitochondrial respiration, and, although milder compared to a biallelic PRKN-PD patient, hiPSC-derived neurons of non-manifesting heterozygous variant carriers also displayed several phenotypes of altered mitochondrial function. Overall, we identified molecular phenotypes that might be used to monitor heterozygous PRKN variant carriers during the prodromal phase. Such markers might also be useful to identify individuals at greater risk of eventual disease development and for testing potential mitochondrial function-based neuroprotective therapies before neurodegeneration advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paulina Castelo Rueda
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Gilmozzi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandros A Lavdas
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Athina Raftopoulou
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esche-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esche-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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10
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Pereira SL, Grossmann D, Delcambre S, Hermann A, Grünewald A. Novel insights into Parkin-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102720. [PMID: 37023495 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PRKN cause the second most common genetic form of Parkinson's disease (PD)-a debilitating movement disorder that is on the rise due to population aging in the industrial world. PRKN codes for an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been well established as a key regulator of mitophagy. Together with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin controls the lysosomal degradation of depolarized mitochondria. But Parkin's functions go well beyond mitochondrial clearance: the versatile protein is involved in mitochondria-derived vesicle formation, cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial DNA maintenance, mitochondrial biogenesis, and apoptosis induction. Moreover, Parkin can act as a modulator of different inflammatory pathways. In the current review, we summarize the latest literature concerning the diverse roles of Parkin in maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool. Moreover, we discuss how these recent discoveries may translate into personalized therapeutic approaches not only for PRKN-PD patients but also for a subset of idiopathic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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11
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Chemla A, Arena G, Saraiva C, Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Grünewald A, Klein C, Seibler P, Schwamborn JC, Krüger R. Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines and the corresponding isogenic controls from Parkinson’s disease patients carrying the heterozygous mutations c.1290A>G (p.T351A) or c.2067A>G (p.T610A) in the RHOT1 gene encoding Miro1. Stem Cell Res 2023; 69:103085. [PMID: 37003181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary skin fibroblasts from two Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying distinct heterozygous mutations in the RHOT1 gene encoding Miro1, namely c.1290A > G (Miro1 p.T351A) and c.2067A > G (Miro1 p.T610A), were converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by episomal reprogramming. The corresponding isogenic gene-corrected lines have been generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization and quality assurance of both isogenic pairs, which will be used to study Miro1-related molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in iPSC-derived neuronal models (e.g., midbrain dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Chemla
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Claudia Saraiva
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg; Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg.
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12
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Schepers M, Paes D, Tiane A, Rombaut B, Piccart E, van Veggel L, Gervois P, Wolfs E, Lambrichts I, Brullo C, Bruno O, Fedele E, Ricciarelli R, Ffrench-Constant C, Bechler ME, van Schaik P, Baron W, Lefevere E, Wasner K, Grünewald A, Verfaillie C, Baeten P, Broux B, Wieringa P, Hellings N, Prickaerts J, Vanmierlo T. Selective PDE4 subtype inhibition provides new opportunities to intervene in neuroinflammatory versus myelin damaging hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:1-22. [PMID: 36584795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by focal inflammatory lesions and prominent demyelination. Even though the currently available therapies are effective in treating the initial stages of disease, they are unable to halt or reverse disease progression into the chronic progressive stage. Thus far, no repair-inducing treatments are available for progressive MS patients. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies either targeting the destructive immunological demyelination or boosting endogenous repair mechanisms. Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), a family of enzymes that hydrolyzes and inactivates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), reduces inflammation and promotes myelin repair. More specifically, we segregated the myelination-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects into a PDE4D- and PDE4B-dependent process respectively. We show that inhibition of PDE4D boosts oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) differentiation and enhances (re)myelination of both murine OPCs and human iPSC-derived OPCs. In addition, PDE4D inhibition promotes in vivo remyelination in the cuprizone model, which is accompanied by improved spatial memory and reduced visual evoked potential latency times. We further identified that PDE4B-specific inhibition exerts anti-inflammatory effects since it lowers in vitro monocytic nitric oxide (NO) production and improves in vivo neurological scores during the early phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast, the therapeutic dose of both the PDE4B-specific inhibitor A33 and the PDE4D-specific inhibitor Gebr32a did not trigger emesis-like side effects in rodents. Finally, we report distinct PDE4D isoform expression patterns in human area postrema neurons and human oligodendroglia lineage cells. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we confirmed that pde4d1/2 and pde4d6 are the key targets to induce OPC differentiation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that gene specific PDE4 inhibitors have potential as novel therapeutic agents for targeting the distinct disease processes of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dean Paes
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Piccart
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lieve van Veggel
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie E Bechler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Pauline van Schaik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Evy Lefevere
- Rewind Therapeutics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul Wieringa
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium.
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13
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Trinh J, Hicks AA, König IR, Delcambre S, Lüth T, Schaake S, Wasner K, Ghelfi J, Borsche M, Vilariño-Güell C, Hentati F, Germer EL, Bauer P, Takanashi M, Kostić V, Lang AE, Brüggemann N, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I, Rajput A, Hattori N, Farrer MJ, Lohmann K, Weissensteiner H, May P, Klein C, Grünewald A. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy distinguishes disease manifestation in PINK1/ PRKN-linked Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2022:6881567. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in PINK1/PRKN cause recessive Parkinson’s disease. Given the established role of PINK1/Parkin in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, we explored mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and inflammation as disease modifiers in carriers of mutations in these genes. MtDNA integrity was investigated in a large collection of biallelic (n = 84) and monoallelic (n = 170) carriers of PINK1/PRKN mutations, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients (n = 67) and controls (n = 90). In addition, we studied global gene expression and serum cytokine levels in a subset. Affected and unaffected PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutation carriers can be distinguished by heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load (AUC = 0.83, CI:0.74-0.93). Biallelic PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers harbor more heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in blood (p = 0.0006, Z = 3.63) compared to monoallelic mutation carriers. This enrichment was confirmed in iPSC-derived (controls, n = 3; biallelic PRKN mutation carriers, n = 4) and postmortem (control, n = 1; biallelic PRKN mutation carrier, n = 1) midbrain neurons. Lastly, the heteroplasmic mtDNA variant load correlated with IL6 levels in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers (r = 0.57, p = 0.0074). PINK1/PRKN mutations predispose individuals to mtDNA variant accumulation in a dose- and disease-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine , EURAC, Bolzano, Italy, 39100
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4362
| | - Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4362
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4362
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | | | - Faycel Hentati
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie , La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia, 1007
| | - Elisabeth L Germer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | | | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University , Tokyo, Japan, 113-8421
| | - Vladimir Kostić
- Institute of Neurology, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia, 11000
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada, M5T 2S8
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | | | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine , EURAC, Bolzano, Italy, 39100
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region , Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5A2
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University , Tokyo, Japan, 113-8421
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria, 6020
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4362
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany, 23562
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4362
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14
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Pavelka L, Rauschenberger A, Landoulsi Z, Pachchek S, May P, Glaab E, Krüger R, Acharya G, Aguayo G, Alexandre M, Ali M, Allen D, Ammerlann W, Balling R, Bassis M, Beaumont K, Becker R, Bellora C, Berchem G, Berg D, Bisdorff A, Brockmann K, Calmes J, Castillo L, Contesotto G, Diederich N, Dondelinger R, Esteves D, Fagherazzi G, Ferrand JY, Gantenbein M, Gasser T, Gawron P, Ghosh S, Glaab E, Gomes C, De Lope EG, Goncharenko N, Graas J, Graziano M, Groues V, Grünewald A, Gu W, Hammot G, Hanff AM, Hansen L, Hansen M, Heneka M, Henry E, Herbrink S, Herenne E, Herzinger S, Heymann M, Hu M, Hundt A, Jacoby N, Lebioda JJ, Jaroz Y, Klopfenstein Q, Krüger R, Lambert P, Landoulsi Z, Lentz R, Liepelt I, Liszka R, Longhino L, Lorentz V, Lupu PC, Mackay C, Maetzler W, Marcus K, Marques G, Marques T, May P, Mcintyre D, Mediouni C, Meisch F, Menster M, Minelli M, Mittelbronn M, Mollenhauer B, Mommaerts K, Moreno C, Moudio S, Mühlschlegel F, Nati R, Nehrbass U, Nickels S, Nicolai B, Nicolay JP, Oertel W, Ostaszewski M, Pachchek S, Pauly C, Pauly L, Pavelka L, Perquin M, Lima RR, Rauschenberger A, Rawal R, Bobbili DR, Rosales E, Rosety I, Rump K, Sandt E, Satagopam V, Schlesser M, Schmitt M, Schmitz S, Schneider R, Schwamborn J, Sharify A, Soboleva E, Sokolowska K, Terwindt O, Thien H, Thiry E, Loo RTJ, Trefois C, Trouet J, Tsurkalenko O, Vaillant M, Valenti M, Boas LV, Vyas M, Wade-Martins R, Wilmes P. Age at onset as stratifier in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease – effect of ageing and polygenic risk score on clinical phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:102. [PMID: 35945230 PMCID: PMC9363416 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process itself by using a combined dataset of idiopathic PD (n = 430) and healthy controls (HC; n = 556) excluding carriers of known PD-linked genetic mutations in both groups. We found several significant effects of AAO on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but when comparing the effects of age on these symptoms with HC (using age at assessment, AAA), only positive associations of AAA with burden of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly different between PD vs HC. Furthermore, we explored a potential effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on clinical phenotype and identified a significant inverse correlation of AAO and PRS in PD. No significant association between PRS and severity of clinical symptoms was found. We conclude that the observed non-motor phenotypic differences in PD based on AAO are largely driven by the ageing process itself and not by a specific profile of neurodegeneration linked to AAO in the idiopathic PD patients.
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15
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Arena G, Sharma K, Agyeah G, Krüger R, Grünewald A, Fitzgerald JC. Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: a Self-Sustained Loop. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:427-440. [PMID: 35674870 PMCID: PMC9174445 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. In this context, mechanisms related to immune response can act as modifiers at different steps of the neurodegenerative process and justify the growing interest in anti-inflammatory agents as potential disease-modifying treatments in PD. The discovery of inherited gene mutations in PD has allowed researchers to develop cellular and animal models to study the mechanisms of the underlying biology, but the original cause of neuroinflammation in PD is still debated to date. Recent Findings Cell autonomous alterations in neuronal cells, including mitochondrial damage and protein aggregation, could play a role, but recent findings also highlighted the importance of intercellular communication at both local and systemic level. This has given rise to debate about the role of non-neuronal cells in PD and reignited intense research into the gut-brain axis and other non-neuronal interactions in the development of the disease. Whatever the original trigger of neuroinflammation in PD, what appears quite clear is that the aberrant activation of glial cells and other components of the immune system creates a vicious circle in which neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation nourish each other. Summary In this review, we will provide an up-to-date summary of the main cellular alterations underlying neuroinflammation in PD, including those induced by environmental factors (e.g. the gut microbiome) and those related to the genetic background of affected patients. Starting from the lesson provided by familial forms of PD, we will discuss pathophysiological mechanisms linked to inflammation that could also play a role in idiopathic forms. Finally, we will comment on the potential clinical translatability of immunobiomarkers identified in PD patient cohorts and provide an update on current therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming or preventing inflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arena
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - K Sharma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Agyeah
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - R Krüger
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.,Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A Grünewald
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Lüth T, Schaake S, Grünewald A, May P, Trinh J, Weissensteiner H. Benchmarking Low-Frequency Variant Calling With Long-Read Data on Mitochondrial DNA. Front Genet 2022; 13:887644. [PMID: 35664331 PMCID: PMC9161029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.887644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sequencing quality has improved over the last decade for long-reads, allowing for more accurate detection of somatic low-frequency variants. In this study, we used mixtures of mitochondrial samples with different haplogroups (i.e., a specific set of mitochondrial variants) to investigate the applicability of nanopore sequencing for low-frequency single nucleotide variant detection. Methods: We investigated the impact of base-calling, alignment/mapping, quality control steps, and variant calling by comparing the results to a previously derived short-read gold standard generated on the Illumina NextSeq. For nanopore sequencing, six mixtures of four different haplotypes were prepared, allowing us to reliably check for expected variants at the predefined 5%, 2%, and 1% mixture levels. We used two different versions of Guppy for base-calling, two aligners (i.e., Minimap2 and Ngmlr), and three variant callers (i.e., Mutserve2, Freebayes, and Nanopanel2) to compare low-frequency variants. We used F1 score measurements to assess the performance of variant calling. Results: We observed a mean read length of 11 kb and a mean overall read quality of 15. Ngmlr showed not only higher F1 scores but also higher allele frequencies (AF) of false-positive calls across the mixtures (mean F1 score = 0.83; false-positive allele frequencies < 0.17) compared to Minimap2 (mean F1 score = 0.82; false-positive AF < 0.06). Mutserve2 had the highest F1 scores (5% level: F1 score >0.99, 2% level: F1 score >0.54, and 1% level: F1 score >0.70) across all callers and mixture levels. Conclusion: We here present the benchmarking for low-frequency variant calling with nanopore sequencing by identifying current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joanne Trinh, ; Hansi Weissensteiner,
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Joanne Trinh, ; Hansi Weissensteiner,
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17
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Lang M, Grünewald A, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Pichler I. A genome on shaky ground: exploring the impact of mitochondrial DNA integrity on Parkinson's disease by highlighting the use of cybrid models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:283. [PMID: 35513611 PMCID: PMC9072496 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in the regulation of key cellular processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, and signaling towards cell death or survival, and are distinguished by carrying their own genome (mtDNA). Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a prominent cellular mechanism involved in neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative movement disorder, characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the occurrence of proteinaceous Lewy body inclusions. The contribution of mtDNA variants to PD pathogenesis has long been debated and is still not clearly answered. Cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell models provided evidence for a contribution of mtDNA variants to the PD phenotype. However, conclusive evidence of mtDNA mutations as genetic cause of PD is still lacking. Several models have shown a role of somatic, rather than inherited mtDNA variants in the impairment of mitochondrial function and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, several nuclear genes driving inherited forms of PD are linked to mtDNA quality control mechanisms, and idiopathic as well as familial PD tissues present increased mtDNA damage. In this review, we highlight the use of cybrids in this PD research field and summarize various aspects of how and to what extent mtDNA variants may contribute to the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
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18
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Smajić S, Prada-Medina CA, Landoulsi Z, Ghelfi J, Delcambre S, Dietrich C, Jarazo J, Henck J, Balachandran S, Pachchek S, Morris CM, Antony P, Timmermann B, Sauer S, Pereira SL, Schwamborn JC, May P, Grünewald A, Spielmann M. Single-cell sequencing of human midbrain reveals glial activation and a Parkinson-specific neuronal state. Brain 2022; 145:964-978. [PMID: 34919646 PMCID: PMC9050543 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, but the exact disease aetiology remains largely unknown. To date, Parkinson's disease research has mainly focused on nigral dopaminergic neurons, although recent studies suggest disease-related changes also in non-neuronal cells and in midbrain regions beyond the substantia nigra. While there is some evidence for glial involvement in Parkinson's disease, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the contribution of all cell types of the midbrain to Parkinson's disease pathology by single-nuclei RNA sequencing and to assess the cell type-specific risk for Parkinson's disease using the latest genome-wide association study. We profiled >41 000 single-nuclei transcriptomes of post-mortem midbrain from six idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients and five age-/sex-matched controls. To validate our findings in a spatial context, we utilized immunolabelling of the same tissues. Moreover, we analysed Parkinson's disease-associated risk enrichment in genes with cell type-specific expression patterns. We discovered a neuronal cell cluster characterized by CADPS2 overexpression and low TH levels, which was exclusively present in idiopathic Parkinson's disease midbrains. Validation analyses in laser-microdissected neurons suggest that this cluster represents dysfunctional dopaminergic neurons. With regard to glial cells, we observed an increase in nigral microglia in Parkinson's disease patients. Moreover, nigral idiopathic Parkinson's disease microglia were more amoeboid, indicating an activated state. We also discovered a reduction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease oligodendrocyte numbers with the remaining cells being characterized by a stress-induced upregulation of S100B. Parkinson's disease risk variants were associated with glia- and neuron-specific gene expression patterns in idiopathic Parkinson's disease cases. Furthermore, astrocytes and microglia presented idiopathic Parkinson's disease-specific cell proliferation and dysregulation of genes related to unfolded protein response and cytokine signalling. While reactive patient astrocytes showed CD44 overexpression, idiopathic Parkinson's disease microglia revealed a pro-inflammatory trajectory characterized by elevated levels of IL1B, GPNMB and HSP90AA1. Taken together, we generated the first single-nuclei RNA sequencing dataset from the idiopathic Parkinson's disease midbrain, which highlights a disease-specific neuronal cell cluster as well as 'pan-glial' activation as a central mechanism in the pathology of the movement disorder. This finding warrants further research into inflammatory signalling and immunomodulatory treatments in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Smajić
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Zied Landoulsi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carola Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jana Henck
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sinthuja Pachchek
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christopher M. Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Genomics Group, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Kiel University, D-42118 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Wasner K, Smajic S, Ghelfi J, Delcambre S, Prada-Medina CA, Knappe E, Arena G, Mulica P, Agyeah G, Rakovic A, Boussaad I, Badanjak K, Ohnmacht J, Gérardy JJ, Takanashi M, Trinh J, Mittelbronn M, Hattori N, Klein C, Antony P, Seibler P, Spielmann M, Pereira SL, Grünewald A. Parkin Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics and Propagates Inflammation. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1405-1415. [PMID: 35460111 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Together with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin regulates the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. New mitochondria are generated through an interplay of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins, and recent studies suggest that parkin influences this process at both levels. In addition, parkin was shown to prevent mitochondrial membrane permeability, impeding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) escape and subsequent neuroinflammation. However, parkin's regulatory roles independent of mitophagy are not well described in patient-derived neurons. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate parkin's role in preventing neuronal mtDNA dyshomeostasis, release, and glial activation at the endogenous level. METHODS We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain neurons from PD patients with parkin (PRKN) mutations and healthy controls. Live-cell imaging, proteomic, mtDNA integrity, and gene expression analyses were employed to investigate mitochondrial biogenesis and genome maintenance. To assess neuroinflammation, we performed single-nuclei RNA sequencing in postmortem tissue and quantified interleukin expression in mtDNA/lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated iPSC-derived neuron-microglia co-cultures. RESULTS Neurons from patients with PRKN mutations revealed deficits in the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway, resulting in mtDNA dyshomeostasis. Moreover, the energy sensor sirtuin 1, which controls mitochondrial biogenesis and clearance, was downregulated in parkin-deficient cells. Linking mtDNA disintegration to neuroinflammation, in postmortem midbrain with PRKN mutations, we confirmed mtDNA dyshomeostasis and detected an upregulation of microglia overexpressing proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, parkin-deficient neuron-microglia co-cultures elicited an enhanced immune response when exposed to mtDNA/LPS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that parkin coregulates mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mtDNA maintenance pathways, thereby protecting midbrain neurons from neuroinflammation and degeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Semra Smajic
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | | | - Evelyn Knappe
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Gideon Agyeah
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | | | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,Disease Modeling and Screening Platform, Luxembourg Centre of Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg & Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
| | - Jochen Ohnmacht
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,Disease Modeling and Screening Platform, Luxembourg Centre of Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg & Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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20
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Zagare A, Barmpa K, Smajic S, Smits LM, Grzyb K, Grünewald A, Skupin A, Nickels SL, Schwamborn JC. Midbrain organoids mimic early embryonic neurodevelopment and recapitulate LRRK2-p.Gly2019Ser-associated gene expression. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:311-327. [PMID: 35077669 PMCID: PMC8874228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoid models that recapitulate the physiology and complexity of the human brain have a great potential for in vitro disease modeling, in particular for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease. In the present study, we compare single-cell RNA-sequencing data of human midbrain organoids to the developing human embryonic midbrain. We demonstrate that the in vitro model is comparable to its in vivo equivalents in terms of developmental path and cellular composition. Moreover, we investigate the potential of midbrain organoids for modeling early developmental changes in Parkinson disease. Therefore, we compare the single-cell RNA-sequencing data of healthy-individual-derived midbrain organoids to their isogenic LRRK2-p.Gly2019Ser-mutant counterparts. We show that the LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser variant alters neurodevelopment, resulting in an untimely and incomplete differentiation with reduced cellular variability. Finally, we present four candidate genes, APP, DNAJC6, GATA3, and PTN, that might contribute to the LRRK2-p.Gly2019Ser-associated transcriptome changes that occur during early neurodevelopment.
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21
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Badanjak K, Mulica P, Smajic S, Delcambre S, Tranchevent LC, Diederich N, Rauen T, Schwamborn JC, Glaab E, Cowley SA, Antony PMA, Pereira SL, Venegas C, Grünewald A. iPSC-Derived Microglia as a Model to Study Inflammation in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740758. [PMID: 34805149 PMCID: PMC8602578 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown cause in the majority of patients, who are therefore considered "idiopathic" (IPD). PD predominantly affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), yet the pathology is not limited to this cell type. Advancing age is considered the main risk factor for the development of IPD and greatly influences the function of microglia, the immune cells of the brain. With increasing age, microglia become dysfunctional and release pro-inflammatory factors into the extracellular space, which promote neuronal cell death. Accordingly, neuroinflammation has also been described as a feature of PD. So far, studies exploring inflammatory pathways in IPD patient samples have primarily focused on blood-derived immune cells or brain sections, but rarely investigated patient microglia in vitro. Accordingly, we decided to explore the contribution of microglia to IPD in a comparative manner using, both, iPSC-derived cultures and postmortem tissue. Our meta-analysis of published RNAseq datasets indicated an upregulation of IL10 and IL1B in nigral tissue from IPD patients. We observed increased expression levels of these cytokines in microglia compared to neurons using our single-cell midbrain atlas. Moreover, IL10 and IL1B were upregulated in IPD compared to control microglia. Next, to validate these findings in vitro, we generated IPD patient microglia from iPSCs using an established differentiation protocol. IPD microglia were more readily primed as indicated by elevated IL1B and IL10 gene expression and higher mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 after LPS treatment. In addition, IPD microglia had higher phagocytic capacity under basal conditions-a phenotype that was further exacerbated upon stimulation with LPS, suggesting an aberrant microglial function. Our results demonstrate the significance of microglia as the key player in the neuroinflammation process in IPD. While our study highlights the importance of microglia-mediated inflammatory signaling in IPD, further investigations will be needed to explore particular disease mechanisms in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Semra Smajic
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Nico Diederich
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. A. Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Disease Modeling and Screening Platform (DMSP), Luxembourg Institute of Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg and Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carmen Venegas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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22
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Lüth T, Wasner K, Klein C, Schaake S, Tse R, Pereira SL, Laß J, Sinkkonen L, Grünewald A, Trinh J. Nanopore Single-Molecule Sequencing for Mitochondrial DNA Methylation Analysis: Investigating Parkin-Associated Parkinsonism as a Proof of Concept. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:713084. [PMID: 34650424 PMCID: PMC8506010 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.713084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To establish a workflow for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) CpG methylation using Nanopore whole-genome sequencing and perform first pilot experiments on affected Parkin biallelic mutation carriers (Parkin-PD) and healthy controls. Background: Mitochondria, including mtDNA, are established key players in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Mutations in Parkin, essential for degradation of damaged mitochondria, cause early-onset PD. However, mtDNA methylation and its implication in PD is understudied. Herein, we establish a workflow using Nanopore sequencing to directly detect mtDNA CpG methylation and compare mtDNA methylation between Parkin-related PD and healthy individuals. Methods: To obtain mtDNA, whole-genome Nanopore sequencing was performed on blood-derived from five Parkin-PD and three control subjects. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain neurons from four of these patients with PD and the three control subjects were investigated. The workflow was validated, using methylated and unmethylated 897 bp synthetic DNA samples at different dilution ratios (0, 50, 100% methylation) and mtDNA without methylation. MtDNA CpG methylation frequency (MF) was detected using Nanopolish and Megalodon. Results: Across all blood-derived samples, we obtained a mean coverage of 250.3X (SD ± 80.5X) and across all neuron-derived samples 830X (SD ± 465X) of the mitochondrial genome. We detected overall low-level CpG methylation from the blood-derived DNA (mean MF ± SD = 0.029 ± 0.041) and neuron-derived DNA (mean MF ± SD = 0.019 ± 0.035). Validation of the workflow, using synthetic DNA samples showed that highly methylated DNA molecules were prone to lower Guppy Phred quality scores and thereby more likely to fail Guppy base-calling. CpG methylation in blood- and neuron-derived DNA was significantly lower in Parkin-PD compared to controls (Mann-Whitney U-test p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nanopore sequencing is a useful method to investigate mtDNA methylation architecture, including Guppy-failed reads is of importance when investigating highly methylated sites. We present a mtDNA methylation workflow and suggest methylation variability across different tissues and between Parkin-PD patients and controls as an initial model to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ronnie Tse
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Joshua Laß
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics BMF, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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23
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Usnich T, Vollstedt EJ, Schell N, Skrahina V, Bogdanovic X, Gaber H, Förster TM, Heuer A, Koleva-Alazeh N, Csoti I, Basak AN, Ertan S, Genc G, Bauer P, Lohmann K, Grünewald A, Schymanski EL, Trinh J, Schaake S, Berg D, Gruber D, Isaacson SH, Kühn AA, Mollenhauer B, Pedrosa DJ, Reetz K, Sammler EM, Valente EM, Valzania F, Volkmann J, Zittel S, Brüggemann N, Kasten M, Rolfs A, Klein C. LIPAD (LRRK2/Luebeck International Parkinson's Disease) Study Protocol: Deep Phenotyping of an International Genetic Cohort. Front Neurol 2021; 12:710572. [PMID: 34475849 PMCID: PMC8406937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.710572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathogenic variants in the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common known monogenic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2-linked PD is clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic PD and inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity that differ across ethnicities and geographic regions. Objective: To systematically assess clinical signs and symptoms including non-motor features, comorbidities, medication and environmental factors in PD patients, unaffected LRRK2 pathogenic variant carriers, and controls. A further focus is to enable the investigation of modifiers of penetrance and expressivity of LRRK2 pathogenic variants using genetic and environmental data. Methods: Eligible participants are invited for a personal or online examination which comprises completion of a detailed eCRF and collection of blood samples (to obtain DNA, RNA, serum/plasma, immune cells), urine as well as household dust. We plan to enroll 1,000 participants internationally: 300 with LRRK2-linked PD, 200 with LRRK2 pathogenic variants but without PD, 100 PD patients with pathogenic variants in the GBA or PRKN genes, 200 patients with idiopathic PD, and 200 healthy persons without pathogenic variants. Results: The eCRF consists of an investigator-rated (1 h) and a self-rated (1.5 h) part. The first part includes the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating, Hoehn &Yahr, and Schwab & England Scales, the Brief Smell Identification Test, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The self-rating part consists of a PD risk factor, food frequency, autonomic dysfunction, and quality of life questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, and the Epworth Sleepiness as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales. The first 15 centers have been initiated and the first 150 participants enrolled (as of March 25th, 2021). Conclusions: LIPAD is a large-scale international scientific effort focusing on deep phenotyping of LRRK2-linked PD and healthy pathogenic variant carriers, including the comparison with additional relatively frequent genetic forms of PD, with a future perspective to identify genetic and environmental modifiers of penetrance and expressivity Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04214509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Usnich
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Schell
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilona Csoti
- Gertrudis Clinic Biskirchen, Parkinson-Center, Leun, Germany
| | - Ayse Nazli Basak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation, Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ertan
- Department of Neurology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gencer Genc
- Sişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Doreen Gruber
- Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus Für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson, Beelitz, Germany
| | - Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David J Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther M Sammler
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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24
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Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Antony P, Arena G, Wasner K, Massart F, Jarazo J, Walter J, Schwamborn JC, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Impaired mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interaction and mitophagy in Miro1-mutant neurons in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1353-1364. [PMID: 32280985 PMCID: PMC7254851 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1) protein is a well-known adaptor for mitochondrial transport and also regulates mitochondrial quality control and function. Furthermore, Miro1 was associated with mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs), which are key regulators of cellular calcium homeostasis and the initiation of autophagy. Impairments of these mechanisms were linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recently revealed that PD fibroblasts harboring Miro1 mutations displayed dysregulations in MERC organization and abundance, affecting mitochondrial homeostasis and clearance. We hypothesize that mutant Miro1 impairs the function of MERCs and mitochondrial dynamics, altering neuronal homeostasis and integrity in PD. PD skin fibroblasts harboring the Miro1-R272Q mutation were differentiated into patient-derived neurons. Live-cell imaging and immunocytochemistry were used to study mitophagy and the organization and function of MERCs. Markers of autophagy or mitochondrial function were assessed by western blotting. Quantification of organelle juxtapositions revealed an increased number of MERCs in patient-derived neurons. Live-cell imaging results showed alterations of mitochondrial dynamics and increased sensitivity to calcium stress, as well as reduced mitochondrial clearance. Finally, western blot analysis indicated a blockage of the autophagy flux in Miro1-mutant neurons. Miro1-mutant neurons display altered ER-mitochondrial tethering compared with control neurons. This alteration likely interferes with proper MERC function, contributing to a defective autophagic flux and cytosolic calcium handling capacity. Moreover, mutant Miro1 affects mitochondrial dynamics in neurons, which may result in disrupted mitochondrial turnover and altered mitochondrial movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Section for Translational Neurodegeneration "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonas Walter
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL) , Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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25
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Mulica P, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668517. [PMID: 34025580 PMCID: PMC8138625 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Indeed, both pathologies involve instances of hypometabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain causing mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic failure and oxidative stress. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, which play a key role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism, might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exploring how the neuro-supportive role of astrocytes may be impaired in the context of these disorders has great therapeutic potential. In the following, we will discuss some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk. Thereby, special focus will be given to the role of mitochondria. Furthermore, we will report on recent advancements concerning iPSC-derived models used to unravel the metabolic contribution of astrocytes to neuronal demise. Finally, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes could contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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26
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Badanjak K, Fixemer S, Smajić S, Skupin A, Grünewald A. The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4676. [PMID: 33925154 PMCID: PMC8125756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the world's population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is on the rise. In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the pathology of PD. There is great evidence that microglia have a significant neuroprotective role, and that impaired and over activated microglial phenotypes are present in brains of PD patients. Thereby, PD progression is potentially driven by a vicious cycle between dying neurons and microglia through the instigation of oxidative stress, mitophagy and autophagy dysfunctions, a-synuclein accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Hence, investigating the involvement of microglia is of great importance for future research and treatment of PD. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings concerning the microglia-neuronal interplay in PD with a focus on human postmortem immunohistochemistry and single-cell studies, their relation to animal and iPSC-derived models, newly emerging technologies, and the resulting potential of new anti-inflammatory therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Semra Smajić
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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27
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Kutschenko A, Staege S, Grütz K, Glaß H, Kalmbach N, Gschwendtberger T, Henkel LM, Heine J, Grünewald A, Hermann A, Seibler P, Wegner F. Functional and Molecular Properties of DYT-SGCE Myoclonus-Dystonia Patient-Derived Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3565. [PMID: 33808167 PMCID: PMC8037318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoclonus-dystonia (DYT-SGCE, formerly DYT11) is characterized by alcohol-sensitive, myoclonic-like appearance of fast dystonic movements. It is caused by mutations in the SGCE gene encoding ε-sarcoglycan leading to a dysfunction of this transmembrane protein, alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathway and impaired striatal plasticity. To elucidate underlying pathogenic mechanisms, we investigated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from two myoclonus-dystonia patients carrying a heterozygous mutation in the SGCE gene (c.298T>G and c.304C>T with protein changes W100G and R102X) in comparison to two matched healthy control lines. Calcium imaging showed significantly elevated basal intracellular Ca2+ content and lower frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ signals in SGCE MSNs. Blocking of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by verapamil was less efficient in suppressing KCl-induced Ca2+ peaks of SGCE MSNs. Ca2+ amplitudes upon glycine and acetylcholine applications were increased in SGCE MSNs, but not after GABA or glutamate applications. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and most ionotropic receptor subunits was not altered. SGCE MSNs showed significantly reduced GABAergic synaptic density. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings displayed elevated amplitudes of miniature postsynaptic currents and action potentials in SGCE MSNs. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for myoclonus-dystonia.
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Grants
- Karlheinz-Hartmann-Stiftung (Hannover, Germany), Ellen-Schmidt-Program (Hannover, Germany), Hermann and Lilly Schilling Stiftung für medizinische Forschung im Stifterverband, German Research Foundation (FOR2488) Karlheinz-Hartmann-Stiftung (Hannover, Germany), Ellen-Schmidt-Program (Hannover, Germany), Hermann and Lilly Schilling Stiftung für medizinische Forschung im Stifterverband, German Research Foundation (FOR2488)
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kutschenko
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Selma Staege
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karen Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.G.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Hannes Glaß
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Norman Kalmbach
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Thomas Gschwendtberger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Henkel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanne Heine
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.G.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel“, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.); (A.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.G.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (T.G.); (L.M.H.); (J.H.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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28
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a well-established player in the pathogenesis of both monogenic and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Initially originating from the observation that mitochondrial toxins cause PD, findings from genetic PD supported a contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the disease. Here, proteins encoded by the autosomal recessively inherited PD genes Parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and DJ-1 are involved in mitochondrial pathways. Additional evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction stems from models of autosomal-dominant PD due to mutations in alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Moreover, patients harboring alterations in mitochondrial polymerase gamma (POLG) often exhibit signs of parkinsonism. While some molecular studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in PD, others speculate that it is the result of impaired mitochondrial clearance. Most recent research even implicated damage-associated molecular patterns released from non-degraded mitochondria in neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Here, we summarize the manifold literature dealing with mitochondria in the context of PD. Moreover, in light of recent advances in the field of personalized medicine, patient stratification according to the degree of mitochondrial impairment followed by mitochondrial enhancement therapy may hold potential for at least a subset of genetic and idiopathic PD cases. Thus, in the second part of this review, we discuss therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with the aim to prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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29
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Dulovic-Mahlow M, König IR, Trinh J, Diaw SH, Urban PP, Knappe E, Kuhnke N, Ingwersen LC, Hinrichs F, Weber J, Kupnicka P, Balck A, Delcambre S, Vollbrandt T, Grünewald A, Klein C, Seibler P, Lohmann K. Discordant Monozygotic Parkinson Disease Twins: Role of Mitochondrial Integrity. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:158-164. [PMID: 33094862 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even though genetic predisposition has proven to be an important element in Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, monozygotic (MZ) twins with PD displayed a concordance rate of only about 20% despite their shared identical genetic background. METHODS We recruited 5 pairs of MZ twins discordant for idiopathic PD and established skin fibroblast cultures to investigate mitochondrial phenotypes in these cellular models against the background of a presumably identical genome. To test for genetic differences, we performed whole genome sequencing, deep mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, and tested for mitochondrial deletions by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the fibroblast cultures. Further, the fibroblast cultures were tested for mitochondrial integrity by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR to quantify gene expression. RESULTS Genome sequencing did not identify any genetic difference. We found decreased mitochondrial functionality with reduced cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, altered mitochondrial morphology, elevated protein levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-α (PPARGC1A) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin fibroblast cultures from the affected compared to the unaffected twins. Further, there was a tendency for a higher number of somatic mtDNA variants among the affected twins. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate disease-related differences in mitochondrial integrity in the genetically identical twins. Of note, the clinical expression matches functional alterations of the mitochondria. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:158-164.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inke R König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Peter P Urban
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Knappe
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Neele Kuhnke
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Hinrichs
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joachim Weber
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tillman Vollbrandt
- Cell Analysis Core Facility CAnaCore, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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30
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Borsche M, König IR, Delcambre S, Petrucci S, Balck A, Brüggemann N, Zimprich A, Wasner K, Pereira SL, Avenali M, Deuschle C, Badanjak K, Ghelfi J, Gasser T, Kasten M, Rosenstiel P, Lohmann K, Brockmann K, Valente EM, Youle RJ, Grünewald A, Klein C. Mitochondrial damage-associated inflammation highlights biomarkers in PRKN/PINK1 parkinsonism. Brain 2020; 143:3041-3051. [PMID: 33029617 PMCID: PMC7586086 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for a role of inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Recent research in murine models suggests that parkin and PINK1 deficiency leads to impaired mitophagy, which causes the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), thereby triggering inflammation. Specifically, the CGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway mitigates activation of the innate immune system, quantifiable as increased interleukin-6 (IL6) levels. However, the role of IL6 and circulating cell-free mtDNA in unaffected and affected individuals harbouring mutations in PRKN/PINK1 and idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients remain elusive. We investigated IL6, C-reactive protein, and circulating cell-free mtDNA in serum of 245 participants in two cohorts from tertiary movement disorder centres. We performed a hypothesis-driven rank-based statistical approach adjusting for multiple testing. We detected (i) elevated IL6 levels in patients with biallelic PRKN/PINK1 mutations compared to healthy control subjects in a German cohort, supporting the concept of a role for inflammation in PRKN/PINK1-linked Parkinson's disease. In addition, the comparison of patients with biallelic and heterozygous mutations in PRKN/PINK1 suggests a gene dosage effect. The differences in IL6 levels were validated in a second independent Italian cohort; (ii) a correlation between IL6 levels and disease duration in carriers of PRKN/PINK1 mutations, while no such association was observed for idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients. These results highlight the potential of IL6 as progression marker in Parkinson's disease due to PRKN/PINK1 mutations; (iii) increased circulating cell-free mtDNA serum levels in both patients with biallelic or with heterozygous PRKN/PINK1 mutations compared to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, which is in line with previous findings in murine models. By contrast, circulating cell-free mtDNA concentrations in unaffected heterozygous carriers of PRKN/PINK1 mutations were comparable to control levels; and (iv) that circulating cell-free mtDNA levels have good predictive potential to discriminate between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease linked to heterozygous PRKN/PINK1 mutations, providing functional evidence for a role of heterozygous mutations in PRKN or PINK1 as Parkinson's disease risk factor. Taken together, our study further implicates inflammation due to impaired mitophagy and subsequent mtDNA release in the pathogenesis of PRKN/PINK1-linked Parkinson's disease. In individuals carrying mutations in PRKN/PINK1, IL6 and circulating cell-free mtDNA levels may serve as markers of Parkinson's disease state and progression, respectively. Finally, our study suggests that targeting the immune system with anti-inflammatory medication holds the potential to influence the disease course of Parkinson's disease, at least in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Christian Deuschle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Lüth T, König IR, Grünewald A, Kasten M, Klein C, Hentati F, Farrer M, Trinh J. Age at Onset of LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser Is Related to Environmental and Lifestyle Factors. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1854-1858. [PMID: 32875616 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2+ /PD+ ) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. METHODS In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2+ /PD+ ) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2+ /PD- ). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non-motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors. RESULTS In LRRK2+ /PD+ , tobacco use was significantly associated with a later median age at onset (AAO). The median AAO was 60 years (interquartile range = 52-67.25) for tobacco users, compared to 52 years (interquartile range = 45.25-61) for non-users (P = 0.0042 at adjusted α = 0.025). Additionally, we observed an independent but additive effect of black tea consumption and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2+ /PD+ . © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lüth
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Faycel Hentati
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Matthew Farrer
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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32
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Delcambre S, Ghelfi J, Ouzren N, Grandmougin L, Delbrouck C, Seibler P, Wasner K, Aasly JO, Klein C, Trinh J, Pereira SL, Grünewald A. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of LRRK2 G2019S Penetrance. Front Neurol 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 32982917 PMCID: PMC7477385 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The most common substitution, G2019S, interferes with LRRK2 kinase activity, which is regulated by autophosphorylation. Yet, the penetrance of this gain-of-function mutation is incomplete, and thus far, few factors have been correlated with disease status in carriers. This includes (i) LRRK2 autophosphorylation in urinary exosomes, (ii) serum levels of the antioxidant urate, and (iii) abundance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription-associated 7S DNA. In light of a mechanistic link between LRRK2 kinase activity and mtDNA lesion formation, we previously investigated mtDNA integrity in fibroblasts from manifesting (LRRK2+/PD+) and non-manifesting carriers (LRRK2+/PD−) of the G2019S mutation as well as from aged-matched controls. In our published study, mtDNA major arc deletions correlated with PD status, with manifesting carriers presenting the highest levels. In keeping with these findings, we now further explored mitochondrial features in fibroblasts derived from LRRK2+/PD+ (n = 10), LRRK2+/PD− (n = 21), and control (n = 10) individuals. In agreement with an accumulation of mtDNA major arc deletions, we also detected reduced NADH dehydrogenase activity in the LRRK2+/PD+ group. Moreover, in affected G2019S carriers, we observed elevated mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers as well as increased expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates antioxidant signaling. Taken together, these results implicate mtDNA dyshomeostasis—possibly as a consequence of impaired mitophagy—in the penetrance of LRRK2-associated PD. Our findings are a step forward in the pursuit of unveiling markers that will allow monitoring of disease progression of LRRK2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nassima Ouzren
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Léa Grandmougin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Delbrouck
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Massart F, Antony P, Burbulla LF, Glaab E, Imhoff S, Trinh J, Seibler P, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Variants in Miro1 Cause Alterations of ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites in Fibroblasts from Parkinson's Disease Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122226. [PMID: 31888276 PMCID: PMC6947516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although most cases of Parkinson´s disease (PD) are idiopathic with unknown cause, an increasing number of genes and genetic risk factors have been discovered that play a role in PD pathogenesis. Many of the PD-associated proteins are involved in mitochondrial quality control, e.g., PINK1, Parkin, and LRRK2, which were recently identified as regulators of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) linking mitochondrial homeostasis to intracellular calcium handling. In this context, Miro1 is increasingly recognized to play a role in PD pathology. Recently, we identified the first PD patients carrying mutations in RHOT1, the gene coding for Miro1. Here, we describe two novel RHOT1 mutations identified in two PD patients and the characterization of the cellular phenotypes. Methods: Using whole exome sequencing we identified two PD patients carrying heterozygous mutations leading to the amino acid exchanges T351A and T610A in Miro1. We analyzed calcium homeostasis and MERCs in detail by live cell imaging and immunocytochemistry in patient-derived fibroblasts. Results: We show that fibroblasts expressing mutant T351A or T610A Miro1 display impaired calcium homeostasis and a reduced amount of MERCs. All fibroblast lines from patients with pathogenic variants in Miro1, revealed alterations of the structure of MERCs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Miro1 is important for the regulation of the structure and function of MERCs. Moreover, our study supports the role of MERCs in the pathogenesis of PD and further establishes variants in RHOT1 as rare genetic risk factors for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +352-46-66-44-5401 (R.K.)
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Franҫois Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Lena F. Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Sophie Imhoff
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: (C.B.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +352-46-66-44-5401 (R.K.)
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Grossmann D, Berenguer-Escuder C, Bellet ME, Scheibner D, Bohler J, Massart F, Rapaport D, Skupin A, Fouquier d'Hérouël A, Sharma M, Ghelfi J, Raković A, Lichtner P, Antony P, Glaab E, May P, Dimmer KS, Fitzgerald JC, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Mutations in RHOT1 Disrupt Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites Interfering with Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1213-1234. [PMID: 31303019 PMCID: PMC6798875 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The outer mitochondrial membrane protein Miro1 is a crucial player in mitochondrial dynamics and calcium homeostasis. Recent evidence indicated that Miro1 mediates calcium-induced mitochondrial shape transition, which is a prerequisite for the initiation of mitophagy. Moreover, altered Miro1 protein levels have emerged as a shared feature of monogenic and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), but, so far, no disease-associated variants in RHOT1 have been identified. Here, we aim to explore the genetic and functional contribution of RHOT1 mutations to PD in patient-derived cellular models. Results: For the first time, we describe heterozygous RHOT1 mutations in two PD patients (het c.815G>A; het c.1348C>T) and identified mitochondrial phenotypes with reduced mitochondrial mass in patient fibroblasts. Both mutations led to decreased endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites and calcium dyshomeostasis. As a consequence, energy metabolism was impaired, which in turn caused increased mitophagy. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study provides functional evidence that ROTH1 is a genetic risk factor for PD, further implicating Miro1 in calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Estelle Bellet
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Scheibner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jill Bohler
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Francois Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aymeric Fouquier d'Hérouël
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kai Stefan Dimmer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Catherine Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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35
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Ouzren N, Delcambre S, Ghelfi J, Seibler P, Farrer MJ, König IR, Aasly JO, Trinh J, Klein C, Grünewald A. Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Discriminate Affected from Unaffected LRRK2 Mutation Carriers. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:324-326. [PMID: 31148195 PMCID: PMC6900150 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Ouzren
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science and Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bolognin S, Fossépré M, Qing X, Jarazo J, Ščančar J, Moreno EL, Nickels SL, Wasner K, Ouzren N, Walter J, Grünewald A, Glaab E, Salamanca L, Fleming RMT, Antony PMA, Schwamborn JC. 3D Cultures of Parkinson's Disease-Specific Dopaminergic Neurons for High Content Phenotyping and Drug Testing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1800927. [PMID: 30643711 PMCID: PMC6325628 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD)-specific neurons, grown in standard 2D cultures, typically only display weak endophenotypes. The cultivation of PD patient-specific neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation, is optimized in 3D microfluidics. The automated image analysis algorithms are implemented to enable pharmacophenomics in disease-relevant conditions. In contrast to 2D cultures, this 3D approach reveals robust endophenotypes. High-content imaging data show decreased dopaminergic differentiation and branching complexity, altered mitochondrial morphology, and increased cell death in LRRK2-G2019S neurons compared to isogenic lines without using stressor agents. Treatment with the LRRK2 inhibitor 2 (Inh2) rescues LRRK2-G2019S-dependent dopaminergic phenotypes. Strikingly, a holistic analysis of all studied features shows that the genetic background of the PD patients, and not the LRRK2-G2019S mutation, constitutes the strongest contribution to the phenotypes. These data support the use of advanced in vitro models for future patient stratification and personalized drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bolognin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
- Braingineering Technologies SARL9 avenue des Hauts‐ForneauxEsch‐sur‐AlzetteL‐4362Luxembourg
| | - Marie Fossépré
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
- Braingineering Technologies SARL9 avenue des Hauts‐ForneauxEsch‐sur‐AlzetteL‐4362Luxembourg
| | - Xiaobing Qing
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental SciencesJožef Stefan InstituteJamova 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Edinson Lucumi Moreno
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Sarah L. Nickels
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Nassima Ouzren
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Jonas Walter
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
- Braingineering Technologies SARL9 avenue des Hauts‐ForneauxEsch‐sur‐AlzetteL‐4362Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck23562LübeckGermany
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Luis Salamanca
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Ronan M. T. Fleming
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Paul M. A. Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of Luxembourg6 avenue du SwingBelvauxL‐4367Luxembourg
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Zanon A, Kalvakuri S, Rakovic A, Foco L, Guida M, Schwienbacher C, Serafin A, Rudolph F, Trilck M, Grünewald A, Stanslowsky N, Wegner F, Giorgio V, Lavdas AA, Bodmer R, Pramstaller PP, Klein C, Hicks AA, Pichler I, Philip S. Corrigendum: SLP-2 interacts with Parkin in mitochondria and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkin-deficient human iPSC-derived neurons and Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 28:1225. [PMID: 30517638 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sreehari Kalvakuri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marianna Guida
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christine Schwienbacher
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alice Serafin
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Michaela Trilck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alexandros A Lavdas
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Seibler Philip
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Vincent AE, Rosa HS, Pabis K, Lawless C, Chen C, Grünewald A, Rygiel KA, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Falkous G, Perissi V, White K, Davey T, Petrof BJ, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Deehan D, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Picard M. Subcellular origin of mitochondrial DNA deletions in human skeletal muscle. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:289-301. [PMID: 30014514 PMCID: PMC6141001 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance disorders and with aging, mtDNA deletions sporadically form and clonally expand within individual muscle fibers, causing respiratory chain deficiency. This study aimed to identify the sub-cellular origin and potential mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS Serial skeletal muscle cryosections from patients with multiple mtDNA deletions were subjected to subcellular immunofluorescent, histochemical, and genetic analysis. RESULTS We report respiratory chain-deficient perinuclear foci containing mtDNA deletions, which show local elevations of both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number. These subcellular foci of respiratory chain deficiency are associated with a local increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and unfolded protein response signaling pathways. We also find that the commonly reported segmental pattern of mitochondrial deficiency is consistent with the three-dimensional organization of the human skeletal muscle mitochondrial network. INTERPRETATION We propose that mtDNA deletions first exceed the biochemical threshold causing biochemical deficiency in focal regions adjacent to the myonuclei, and induce mitochondrial biogenesis before spreading across the muscle fiber. These subcellular resolution data provide new insights into the possible origin of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy. Ann Neurol 2018;84:289-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Pabis
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Chen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avan A Sayer
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Deehan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Columbia University Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
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40
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Vincent A, Rosa H, Pabis K, Lawless C, Grünewald A, Chen C, Rygiel K, Reeve A, Rocha M, Falkous G, Perissi V, McWilliams T, Ganley I, White K, Davey T, Petrof B, Sayer A, Cooper C, Taylor R, Turnbull D, Picard M. Clonally expanded mtDNA deletions in human skeletal muscle originate as a proliferative perinuclear niche. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(18)30394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Zanon A, Kalvakuri S, Rakovic A, Foco L, Guida M, Schwienbacher C, Serafin A, Rudolph F, Trilck M, Grünewald A, Stanslowsky N, Wegner F, Giorgio V, Lavdas AA, Bodmer R, Pramstaller PP, Klein C, Hicks AA, Pichler I, Seibler P. SLP-2 interacts with Parkin in mitochondria and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkin-deficient human iPSC-derived neurons and Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2412-2425. [PMID: 28379402 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Parkin gene (PARK2) have been linked to a recessive form of Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Deficiencies of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity have been observed in the substantia nigra of PD patients, and loss of Parkin results in the reduction of complex I activity shown in various cell and animal models. Using co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays on endogenous proteins, we demonstrate that Parkin interacts with mitochondrial Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2), which also binds the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin and functions in the assembly of respiratory chain proteins. SH-SY5Y cells with a stable knockdown of Parkin or SLP-2, as well as induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from Parkin mutation carriers, showed decreased complex I activity and altered mitochondrial network morphology. Importantly, induced expression of SLP-2 corrected for these mitochondrial alterations caused by reduced Parkin function in these cells. In-vivo Drosophila studies showed a genetic interaction of Parkin and SLP-2, and further, tissue-specific or global overexpression of SLP-2 transgenes rescued parkin mutant phenotypes, in particular loss of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial network structure, reduced ATP production, and flight and motor dysfunction. The physical and genetic interaction between Parkin and SLP-2 and the compensatory potential of SLP-2 suggest a functional epistatic relationship to Parkin and a protective role of SLP-2 in neurons. This finding places further emphasis on the significance of Parkin for the maintenance of mitochondrial function in neurons and provides a novel target for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sreehari Kalvakuri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marianna Guida
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christine Schwienbacher
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alice Serafin
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franziska Rudolph
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michaela Trilck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nancy Stanslowsky
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alexandros A Lavdas
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Grütz K, Seibler P, Weissbach A, Lohmann K, Carlisle FA, Blake DJ, Westenberger A, Klein C, Grünewald A. Faithful SGCE imprinting in iPSC-derived cortical neurons: an endogenous cellular model of myoclonus-dystonia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41156. [PMID: 28155872 PMCID: PMC5290732 DOI: 10.1038/srep41156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuropathology research, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons are considered a tool closely resembling the patient brain. Albeit in respect to epigenetics, this concept has been challenged. We generated iPSC-derived cortical neurons from myoclonus-dystonia patients with mutations (W100G and R102X) in the maternally imprinted ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene and analysed properties such as imprinting, mRNA and protein expression. Comparison of the promoter during reprogramming and differentiation showed tissue-independent differential methylation. DNA sequencing with methylation-specific primers and cDNA analysis in patient neurons indicated selective expression of the mutated paternal SGCE allele. While fibroblasts only expressed the ubiquitous mRNA isoform, brain-specific SGCE mRNA and ε-sarcoglycan protein were detected in iPSC-derived control neurons. However, neuronal protein levels were reduced in both mutants. Our phenotypic characterization highlights the suitability of iPSC-derived cortical neurons with SGCE mutations for myoclonus-dystonia research and, in more general terms, prompts the use of iPSC-derived cellular models to study epigenetic mechanisms impacting on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Francesca A Carlisle
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (A.G., C.K.), University of Lübeck; and Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group (A.G.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (A.G., C.K.), University of Lübeck; and Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group (A.G.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Grünewald A, Rygiel KA, Hepplewhite PD, Morris CM, Picard M, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in Respiratory Chain-Deficient Parkinson Disease Neurons. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:366-78. [PMID: 26605748 PMCID: PMC4819690 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the extent of respiratory chain abnormalities and investigate the contribution of mtDNA to the loss of respiratory chain complexes (CI–IV) in the substantia nigra (SN) of idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) patients at the single‐neuron level. Methods Multiple‐label immunofluorescence was applied to postmortem sections of 10 IPD patients and 10 controls to quantify the abundance of CI–IV subunits (NDUFB8 or NDUFA13, SDHA, UQCRC2, and COXI) and mitochondrial transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2M) relative to mitochondrial mass (porin and GRP75) in dopaminergic neurons. To assess the involvement of mtDNA in respiratory chain deficiency in IPD, SN neurons, isolated with laser‐capture microdissection, were assayed for mtDNA deletions, copy number, and presence of transcription/replication‐associated 7S DNA employing a triplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results Whereas mitochondrial mass was unchanged in single SN neurons from IPD patients, we observed a significant reduction in the abundances of CI and II subunits. At the single‐cell level, CI and II deficiencies were correlated in patients. The CI deficiency concomitantly occurred with low abundances of the mtDNA transcription factors TFAM and TFB2M, which also initiate transcription‐primed mtDNA replication. Consistent with this, real‐time PCR analysis revealed fewer transcription/replication‐associated mtDNA molecules and an overall reduction in mtDNA copy number in patients. This effect was more pronounced in single IPD neurons with severe CI deficiency. Interpretation Respiratory chain dysfunction in IPD neurons not only involves CI, but also extends to CII. These deficiencies are possibly a consequence of the interplay between nDNA and mtDNA‐encoded factors mechanistically connected via TFAM. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:366–378
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa D Hepplewhite
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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45
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Rocha MC, Grady JP, Grünewald A, Vincent A, Dobson PF, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Rygiel KA. A novel immunofluorescent assay to investigate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy: understanding mechanisms and improving diagnosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15037. [PMID: 26469001 PMCID: PMC4606788 DOI: 10.1038/srep15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation defects in human tissues are often challenging to quantify due to a mosaic pattern of deficiency. Biochemical assays are difficult to interpret due to the varying enzyme deficiency levels found in individual cells. Histochemical analysis allows semi-quantitative assessment of complex II and complex IV activities, but there is no validated histochemical assay to assess complex I activity which is frequently affected in mitochondrial pathology. To help improve the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial abnormalities in disease, we have developed a quadruple immunofluorescent technique enabling the quantification of key respiratory chain subunits of complexes I and IV, together with an indicator of mitochondrial mass and a cell membrane marker. This assay gives precise and objective quantification of protein abundance in large numbers of individual muscle fibres. By assessing muscle biopsies from subjects with a range of different mitochondrial genetic defects we have demonstrated that specific genotypes exhibit distinct biochemical signatures in muscle, providing evidence for the diagnostic use of the technique, as well as insight into the underlying molecular pathology. Stringent testing for reproducibility and sensitivity confirms the potential value of the technique for mechanistic studies of disease and in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rocha
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip F Dobson
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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46
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Deuse T, Wang D, Stubbendorff M, Itagaki R, Grabosch A, Greaves LC, Alawi M, Grünewald A, Hu X, Hua X, Velden J, Reichenspurner H, Robbins RC, Jaenisch R, Weissman IL, Schrepfer S. SCNT-derived ESCs with mismatched mitochondria trigger an immune response in allogeneic hosts. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 16:33-8. [PMID: 25465116 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The generation of pluripotent stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has recently been achieved in human cells and sparked new interest in this technology. The authors reporting this methodical breakthrough speculated that SCNT would allow the creation of patient-matched embryonic stem cells, even in patients with hereditary mitochondrial diseases. However, herein we show that mismatched mitochondria in nuclear-transfer-derived embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) possess alloantigenicity and are subject to immune rejection. In a murine transplantation setup, we demonstrate that allogeneic mitochondria in NT-ESCs, which are nucleus-identical to the recipient, may trigger an adaptive alloimmune response that impairs the survival of NT-ESC grafts. The immune response is adaptive, directed against mitochondrial content, and amenable for tolerance induction. Mitochondrial alloantigenicity should therefore be considered when developing therapeutic SCNT-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Stubbendorff
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Itagaki
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antje Grabosch
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Newcastle University Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Service Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Heinrich-Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Virus Genomics, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoqin Hua
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Velden
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 2, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert C Robbins
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- TSI Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Erogullari A, Hollstein R, Seibler P, Braunholz D, Koschmidder E, Depping R, Eckhold J, Lohnau T, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Grünewald A, Rakovic A, Lohmann K, Kaiser FJ. THAP1, the gene mutated in DYT6 dystonia, autoregulates its own expression. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1839:1196-204. [PMID: 25088175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
THAP1 encodes a transcription factor but its regulation is largely elusive. TOR1A was shown to be repressed by THAP1 in vitro. Notably, mutations in both of these genes lead to dystonia (DYT6 or DYT1). Surprisingly, expressional changes of TOR1A in THAP1 mutation carriers have not been detected indicating additional levels of regulation. Here, we investigated whether THAP1 is able to autoregulate its own expression. Using in-silico prediction, luciferase reporter gene assays, and (quantitative) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we defined the THAP1 minimal promoter to a 480bp-fragment and demonstrated specific binding of THAP1 to this region which resulted in repression of the THAP1 promoter. This autoregulation was disturbed by different DYT6-causing mutations. Two mutants (Ser6Phe, Arg13His) were shown to be less stable than wildtype THAP1 adding to the effect of reduced binding to the THAP1 promoter. Overexpressed THAP1 is preferably degraded through the proteasome. Notably, endogenous THAP1 expression was significantly reduced in cells overexpressing wildtype THAP1 as demonstrated by quantitative PCR. In contrast, higher THAP1 levels were detected in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived neurons from THAP1 mutation carriers. Thus, we identified a feedback-loop in the regulation of THAP1 expression and demonstrated that mutant THAP1 leads to higher THAP1 expression levels. This compensatory autoregulation may contribute to the mean age at onset in the late teen years or even reduced penetrance in some THAP1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Erogullari
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Ronja Hollstein
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Diana Braunholz
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Eva Koschmidder
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Juliane Eckhold
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Thora Lohnau
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | | | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany.
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23538, Germany
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48
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Grünewald A, Lax NZ, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Hepplewhite PD, Rygiel KA, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins in single neurons from human midbrain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 232:143-9. [PMID: 24880043 PMCID: PMC4076514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed an assay to quantify respiratory chain deficiencies in single neurons. Quadruple-label immunofluorescence was combined with quantitative image analysis. The single-cell assay was applied to tyrosine hydroxylase-positive midbrain neurons. The expression of complexes I and IV was determined relative to mitochondrial mass. The assay proved specific in patients with known respiratory chain deficiencies.
Background Respiratory chain (RC) deficiencies are found in primary mtDNA diseases. Focal RC defects are also associated with ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. in substantia nigra (SN) neurons from Parkinson's disease patients. In mitochondrial disease and ageing, mtDNA mutational loads vary considerably between neurons necessitating single cell-based assessment of RC deficiencies. Evaluating the full extent of RC deficiency within SN neurons is challenging because their size precludes investigations in serial sections. We developed an assay to measure RC abnormalities in individual SN neurons using quadruple immunofluorescence. New method Using antibodies against subunits of complex I (CI) and IV, porin and tyrosine hydroxylase together with IgG subtype-specific fluorescent labelled secondary antibodies, we quantified the expression of CI and CIV compared to mitochondrial mass in dopaminergic neurons. CI:porin and CIV:porin ratios were determined relative to a standard control. Results Quantification of expression of complex subunits in midbrain sections from patients with mtDNA disease and known RC deficiencies consistently showed reduced CI:porin and/or CIV:porin ratios. Comparison with existing method(s) The standard histochemical method to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction, the cytochrome c oxidase/succinate dehydrogenase assay, measures CIV and CII activities. To also study CI in a patient, immunohistology in additional sections, i.e. in different neurons, is required. Our method allows correlation of the expression of CI, CIV and mitochondrial mass at a single cell level. Conclusion Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence is a reliable tool to measure RC deficiencies in individual neurons that will enable new insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying inherited and acquired mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Philippa D Hepplewhite
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Grünewald A, Arns B, Meier B, Brockmann K, Tadic V, Klein C. Does uncoupling protein 2 expression qualify as marker of disease status in LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease? Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1955-60. [PMID: 24251413 PMCID: PMC3993019 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common known genetic cause of late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the penetrance of the disease is below 50% at 60 years of age. LRRK2 is associated with the mitochondrial membrane, and mutant forms impair the function of the organelle and autophagosome clearance in human cells, including induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Elevated expression of uncoupling proteins has been identified as the cause of mitochondrial depolarization in human fibroblasts with G2019S LRRK2. To identify factors that contribute to the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations, we studied respiratory chain function, markers of mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, and autophagy in fibroblasts from affected and unaffected carriers of the G2019S mutation. Independent of disease status, all mutation carriers showed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased proton leakage, and more fragmented mitochondria. However, a significant increase in the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was only detected in affected individuals with the G2019S mutation in LRRK2. Since oxidative stress and autophagic markers were selectively increased in some of the PD patients, we hypothesize that UCP2 expression is upregulated in response to elevated reactive oxygen species generation in affected mutation carriers and that UCP2 mRNA levels might, therefore, serve as markers of disease status in LRRK2-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- 1 Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany
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50
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Morais VA, Haddad D, Craessaerts K, De Bock PJ, Swerts J, Vilain S, Aerts L, Overbergh L, Grünewald A, Seibler P, Klein C, Gevaert K, Verstreken P, De Strooper B. PINK1 loss-of-function mutations affect mitochondrial complex I activity via NdufA10 ubiquinone uncoupling. Science 2014; 344:203-7. [PMID: 24652937 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Under resting conditions, Pink1 knockout cells and cells derived from patients with PINK1 mutations display a loss of mitochondrial complex I reductive activity, causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Analyzing the phosphoproteome of complex I in liver and brain from Pink1(-/-) mice, we found specific loss of phosphorylation of serine-250 in complex I subunit NdufA10. Phosphorylation of serine-250 was needed for ubiquinone reduction by complex I. Phosphomimetic NdufA10 reversed Pink1 deficits in mouse knockout cells and rescued mitochondrial depolarization and synaptic transmission defects in pink(B9)-null mutant Drosophila. Complex I deficits and adenosine triphosphate synthesis were also rescued in cells derived from PINK1 patients. Thus, this evolutionary conserved pathway may contribute to the pathogenic cascade that eventually leads to Parkinson's disease in patients with PINK1 mutations.
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