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Tavares I, Morais M, Dias F, Medeiros R, Teixeira AL. Deregulated miRNAs in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer: A comprehensive review of key molecular alterations and clinical outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189067. [PMID: 38160898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population worldwide. Since the growth and progression of PC highly depend on the androgen pathway, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic treatment. Enzalutamide is a second-generation antiandrogen, which is widely used for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC. However, treatment failure and disease progression, caused by the emergence of enzalutamide resistant phenotypes, remains an important clinical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for being stable and easily analysed in several biological fluids. Several miRNAs that exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in enzalutamide-resistant PC have recently been identified, including miRNAs that modulate critical signalling pathways and genes involved in PC growth, survival and in the acquisition of enzalutamide phenotype. The understanding of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of enzalutamide resistance can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between miRNAs, gene regulation, and treatment response in PC. Moreover, these miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for monitoring treatment response and disease progression during enzalutamide administration. This review summarises the miRNAs associated with enzalutamide resistance in PC already described in the literature, focusing on their biological roles and on their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Reasearch Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC- Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Jang JS, Lee AJ, Park KJ, Kim KW, Park HJ. [Guidelines for Evaluating Treatment Response Based on Bone Scan for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Working Group 3 Recommendations]. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2023; 84:1244-1256. [PMID: 38107684 PMCID: PMC10721425 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, the bone is the most common site of metastasis, and it is essential to evaluate metastatic bone lesions to assess the tumor burden and treatment response. Castration-resistant prostate cancer refers to the state wherein the cancer continues to progress despite a significant reduction of the sex hormone level and is associated with frequent distant metastasis. The Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) released guidelines that aimed to standardize the assessment of treatment effects in castration-resistant prostate cancer using bone scintigraphy. However, these guidelines can be challenging to comprehend and implement in practical settings. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of a specific image acquisition method and treatment response assessment for bone scintigraphy-based evaluation of bone lesions in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, in accordance with the PCWG3 guidelines.
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3
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Ma Y. OCT4‑positive circulating tumor cells may predict a poor prognosis in patients with metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone plus prednisone therapy. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:452. [PMID: 37720669 PMCID: PMC10502952 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are key factors associated with tumor metastasis and drug resistance in cancer. The present prospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OCT4-positive (OCT4+) CTCs and the potential association with the clinical features and survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone + prednisone. In total, 70 patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone + prednisone were enrolled in the present study and peripheral blood samples were collected prior to treatment initiation to determine CTC count via a Canpatrol system. RNA in situ hybridization was performed for OCT4+ CTC quantification. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer (AU54000, OLYMPUS). Results demonstrated that 34 (48.6%), 21 (30.0%) and 15 (21.4%) patients harbored OCT4+ (CTC+/OCT4+) or OCT4-negative CTCs (CTC+/OCT4-) or were CTC-negative (CTC-), respectively. Notably, CTC+/OCT4+ occurrence was associated with visceral metastasis and high levels of LDH. In addition, radiographic progression-free survival [rPFS; median, 15.0, 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.6-20.4 vs. not reached vs. median, 29.5, 95% CI, 18.6-40.4 months; P=0.001] and overall survival (OS) were significantly decreased (median, 27.3, 95% CI, 20.1-34.5 vs. not reached vs. not reached; P=0.016) in CTC+/OCT4+ compared with CTC+/OCT4- and CTC- patients. Subsequently, the adjustment was performed by multivariate Cox regression models, which revealed that CTC+/OCT4+ (vs. CTC+/OCT4- or CTC-) was independently associated with decreased rPFS [hazard ratio (HR), 3.833; P<0.001] and OS (HR, 3.938; P=0.008). In conclusion, OCT4+ CTCs were highly prevalent in patients with mCRPC and associated with visceral metastasis and increased levels of LDH. Thus, the presence of OCT4+ CTCs may serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone + prednisone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Songjiang District Sijing Hospital, Shanghai 201601, P.R. China
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4
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Gonciarz RL, Sakhamuri S, Hooshdaran N, Kumar G, Kim H, Evans MJ, Renslo AR. Elevated labile iron in castration-resistant prostate cancer is targetable with ferrous iron-activatable antiandrogen therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115110. [PMID: 36708680 PMCID: PMC10210592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical responses to second generation androgen signaling inhibitors (e.g., enzalutamide) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are variable and transient, and are associated with dose limiting toxicities, including rare but severe CNS effects. We hypothesized that changes to iron metabolism coincident with more advanced disease might be leveraged for tumor-selective delivery of antiandrogen therapy. Using the recently described chemical probes SiRhoNox and 18F-TRX in mCRPC models, we found elevated Fe2+ to be a common feature of mCRPC in vitro and in vivo. We next synthesized ferrous-iron activatable drug conjugates of second and third-generation antiandrogens and found these conjugates possessed comparable or enhanced antiproliferative activity across mCRPC cell line models. Mouse pharmacokinetic studies showed that these prototype antiandrogen conjugates are stable in vivo and limited exposure to conjugate or free antiandrogen in the brain. Our results reveal elevated Fe2+ to be a feature of mCRPC that might be leveraged to improve the tolerability and efficacy of antiandrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Nima Hooshdaran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Garima Kumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States.
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States.
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5
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George DJ, Mohamed AF, Tsai J, Karimi M, Ning N, Jayade S, Botteman M. Understanding what matters to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients when considering treatment options: A US patient preference survey. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6040-6055. [PMID: 36226867 PMCID: PMC10028042 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how patients perceive the efficacy, safety, and administrative burden of treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) can facilitate shared-decision making for optimal management. This study sought to elicit patient preferences for mCRPC treatments in the US. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the discrete-choice experiment method. Participants were asked to state their choices over successive sets of treatment alternatives, defined by varying levels of treatment attributes: overall survival (OS), months until patients develop a fracture or bone metastasis, likelihood of requiring radiation to control bone pain, fatigue, nausea, and administration (i.e., oral/IV injection/IV infusion). Using mixed logit models, we determined the value (i.e., preference weights) that respondents placed on each attribute. Relative attribute importance (RAI) and marginal rates of substitution (MRS) were calculated to understand patients' willingness to make tradeoffs among different attributes. RESULTS The final data set numbered 160 participants, with a mean age of 71.6 years old and a mean of 8.96 years since prostate cancer diagnosis. Participants' treatment preferences were as follows: OS (RAI: 31%), bone pain control (23%), nausea (16%), delaying fracture or bone metastasis (15%), fatigue (11%), and administration (3%). The MRS demonstrated that respondents were willing to trade 1.9 months of OS to eliminate moderate nausea and 3.3 months of OS for a reduction in fatigue from severe to mild. CONCLUSIONS Improving OS is the highest priority for patients with mCRPC, but they are willing to trade some survival to reduce the risk of requiring radiation to control bone pain, delay a fracture or bone metastasis, and experience less severe nausea and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jui‐Hua Tsai
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Milad Karimi
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ning Ning
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sayeli Jayade
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Marc Botteman
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
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Ji Y, Zhang R, Han X, Zhou J. Targeting the N-terminal domain of the androgen receptor: The effective approach in therapy of CRPC. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115077. [PMID: 36587421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is dominant in prostate cancer (PCa) pathology. Current therapeutic agents for advanced PCa include androgen synthesis inhibitors and AR antagonists that bind to the hormone binding pocket (HBP) at the ligand binding domain (LBD). However, AR amplification, AR splice variants (AR-Vs) expression, and intra-tumoral de novo synthesis of androgens result in the reactivation of AR signalling. The AR N-terminal domain (NTD) plays an essential role in AR transcriptional activity. The AR inhibitor targeting NTD could potentially block the activation of both full-length AR and AR-Vs, thus overcoming major resistance mechanisms to current treatments. This review discusses the progress of research in various NTD inhibitors and provides new insight into the development of AR-NTD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
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7
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Makhov P, Fazliyeva R, Tufano A, Uzzo RG, Cai KQ, Serebriiskii I, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Kolenko VM. Acetyl-CoA Counteracts the Inhibitory Effect of Antiandrogens on Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5900. [PMID: 36497382 PMCID: PMC9738902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly used therapeutic management of PC involves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by treatment with AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI). However, nearly all patients develop drug-resistant disease, with a median progression-free survival of less than 2 years in chemotherapy-naïve men. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolic signaling molecule with key roles in biosynthetic processes and cancer signaling. In signaling, acetyl-CoA serves as the acetyl donor for acetylation, a critical post-translational modification. Acetylation affects the androgen receptor (AR) both directly and indirectly increasing expression of AR dependent genes. Our studies reveal that PC cells respond to the treatment with ARSI by increasing expression of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a major enzyme responsible for cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis, and up-regulation of acetyl-CoA intracellular levels. Inhibition of ACLY results in a significant suppression of ligand-dependent and -independent routes of AR activation. Accordingly, the addition of exogenous acetyl-CoA, or its precursor acetate, augments AR transcriptional activity and diminishes the anti-AR activity of ARSI. Taken together, our findings suggest that PC cells respond to antiandrogens by increasing activity of the acetyl-coA pathway in order to reinstate AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rushaniya Fazliyeva
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Antonio Tufano
- Urology Unit, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ilya Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrew J. Andrews
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vladimir M. Kolenko
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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8
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Yehya A, Ghamlouche F, Zahwe A, Zeid Y, Wakimian K, Mukherji D, Abou-Kheir W. Drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: an update on the status quo. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:667-690. [PMID: 36176747 PMCID: PMC9511807 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men globally. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, a significant proportion of patients with high-risk localized disease and all patients with advanced disease at diagnosis will experience progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Multiple drugs are now approved as the standard of care treatments for patients with mCRPC that have been shown to prolong survival. Although the majority of patients will respond initially, primary and secondary resistance to these therapies make mCRPC an incurable disease. Several molecular mechanisms underlie the development of mCRPC, with the androgen receptor (AR) axis being the main driver as well as the key drug target. Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for discovering novel therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of the disease. In this review, we address the diverse mechanisms of drug resistance in mCRPC. In addition, we shed light on emerging targeted therapies currently being tested in clinical trials with promising potential to overcome mCRPC-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Fatima Ghamlouche
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Amin Zahwe
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Yousef Zeid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Kevork Wakimian
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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9
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Harton J, Segal B, Mamtani R, Mitra N, Hubbard RA. Combining Real-World and Randomized Control Trial Data Using Data-Adaptive Weighting via the On-Trial Score. Stat Biopharm Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2022.2071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Harton
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Development of a Novel Immune Subtyping System Expanded with Immune Landscape and an 11-Gene Signature for Predicting Prostate Cancer Survival. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1183173. [PMID: 35222640 PMCID: PMC8866019 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1183173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Nearly half of patients with prostate cancer will develop metastasis. Immunotherapy is currently a promising strategy for treating metastatic prostate cancer. This study aimed to construct an immune subtyping system and provide a more comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment. Methods Data were downloaded from TCGA database and cBioPortal database. Consensus clustering was used to identify immune subtypes. Immune features were scored by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. Efficacy of different subtypes in immunotherapy was predicted by TIDE tool. Immune landscape was delineated through “monocle.” Coexpressed gene modules were identified by weighted correlation network analysis. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO analysis were applied to construct a prognostic model. Results Four immune subtypes (IS1 to IS4) were identified. Prognosis, mutation patterns, expression of immune genes, immune biomarkers, immunohistochemical biomarkers, and prediction efficacy of immunotherapy were significantly different among four immune subtypes. Five coexpressed gene modules were identified and an 11-gene prognostic model was constructed based on the modules. Conclusions The study developed a novel immune subtyping system and an 11-gene prognostic model of prostate cancer, which could guide personalized treatment and immunotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.
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11
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Trivedi T, Guise TA. Systemic effects of abnormal bone resorption on muscle, metabolism, and cognition. Bone 2022; 154:116245. [PMID: 34718221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal tissue is dynamic, undergoing constant remodeling to maintain musculoskeletal integrity and balance in the human body. Recent evidence shows that apart from maintaining homeostasis in the local microenvironment, the skeleton systemically affects other tissues. Several cancer-associated and noncancer-associated bone disorders can disrupt the physiological homeostasis locally in the bone microenvironment and indirectly contribute to dysregulation of systemic body function. The systemic effects of bone on the regulation of distant organ function have not been widely explored. Recent evidence suggests that bone can interact with skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain by releasing factors from mineralized bone matrix. Currently available bone-targeting therapies such as bisphosphonates and denosumab inhibit bone resorption, decrease morbidity associated with bone destruction, and improve survival. Bisphosphonates have been a standard treatment for bone metastases, osteoporosis, and cancer treatment-induced bone diseases. The extraskeletal effects of bisphosphonates on inhibition of tumor growth are known. However, our knowledge of the effects of bisphosphonates on muscle weakness, hyperglycemia, and cognitive defects is currently evolving. To be able to identify the molecular link between bone and distant organs during abnormal bone resorption and then treat these abnormalities and prevent their systemic effects could improve survival benefits. The current review highlights the link between bone resorption and its systemic effects on muscle, pancreas, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Trivedi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.
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12
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Yasmin-Karim S, Wood J, Wirtz J, Moreau M, Bih N, Swanson W, Muflam A, Ainsworth V, Ziberi B, Ngwa W. Optimizing In Situ Vaccination During Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711078. [PMID: 34765538 PMCID: PMC8577814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective in situ cancer vaccines require both a means of tumor cell death and a source of adjuvant to activate local dendritic cells. Studies have shown that the use of radiotherapy (RT) to induce tumor cell death and anti-CD40 to activate dendritic cells can result in in situ vaccination in animal models. Here, investigations are carried out on potential strategies to enhance such in situ vaccination. Strategies investigated include the use of smart immunogenic biomaterials (IBM) loaded with anti-CD40 in different tumor types including immunologically cold tumors like pancreatic and prostate tumors. The use of downstream checkpoint inhibitors to further boost such in situ vaccination is also examined. Results indicate that the use of IBM to deliver the anti-CD40 significantly enhances the effectiveness of in situ vaccination with anti-CD40 compared with direct injection in pancreatic and prostate cancers (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). This finding is consistent with significant increase in infiltration of antigen-presenting cells in the treated tumor, and significant increase in the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte into distant untreated tumors. Moreover, in situ vaccination with IBM is consistently observed across different tumor types. Meanwhile, the addition of downstream immune checkpoint inhibitors further enhances overall survival when using the IBM approach. Overall, the findings highlight potential avenues for enhancing in situ vaccination when combining radiotherapy with anti-CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda Yasmin-Karim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jana Wood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Veternary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Johanna Wirtz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michele Moreau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noella Bih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William Swanson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Ashley Muflam
- Department of Library and Information Science, Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Victoria Ainsworth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Bashkim Ziberi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Tetova, Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Konoshenko MY, Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. miRNAs and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188625. [PMID: 34534639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is mainly used for the treatment of advanced, metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients progress to ADT resistance and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with a poor prognosis. Reliable validated markers of ADT resistance with proven clinical utility are necessary for timely correction of the therapy as well as for improvement of patient quality of life. MiRNAs involved in the ADT response and CRPC development via multiple mechanisms may act as biomarkers for patient outcomes. Available data on miRNAs associated with the ADT response (resistance and sensitivity) are summarized and analyzed in the manuscript, including analyses using bioinformatics resources. Molecular targets of miRNAs, as well as reciprocal relations between miRNAs and their targets, were studied using different databases. Special attention was dedicated to the mechanisms of ADT resistance and CRPC development, including testosterone, PI3K-AKT, VEGF pathways and associated genes. Several different approaches can be used to search for miRNAs associated with the ADT response, each of which focuses on the associated set of miRNAs - potential markers of ADT. The intersection of these approaches and combined analysis allowed us to select the most promising miRNA markers of the ADT response. Meta-analysis of the current data indicated that the selected 5 miRNAs (miRNAs - 125b, miR-21, miR-23b, miR-27b and miR-221) and 14 genes are involved in the regulation of key processes of CRPC development and represent the most promising predictors of the ADT response, further demonstrating their potential in combination therapy for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Olga E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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14
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Di Stefano RF, Tucci M, Turco F, Samuelly A, Bungaro M, Pisano C, Vignani F, Gallicchio M, Scagliotti GV, Di Maio M, Buttigliero C. Prognostic role of the duration of response to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:812-825. [PMID: 33603237 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our retrospective study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of duration of response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with enzalutamide (E) or abiraterone acetate (AA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data about ADT start and duration were available in 255 (82%) of 311 patients treated with AA or E. Patients were divided in three groups according to ADT response (group 1 [G1]: <12 months; group 2 [G2]: 12-36 months; group 3 [G3]: >36 months). Outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Patients with longer ADT response had better OS (median 17.3 months G1, 19.9 months G2, 31.6 months G3; HR G3 vs G1 0.41, 95% CI 0.25-0.64; p = 0.001) and better PFS (median 5.9 months G1, 8.8 months G2, 11.7 months G3; HR G3 vs G1 0.41, 95% CI 0.41-0.27; p < 0001). In docetaxel-naive patients, median OS was 18.8 in G1, 35.2 in G2, and not reached in G3 (HR G3 vs G1 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.78; p = 0.038), median PFS was 7 months G1, 9.3 months G2, and 20 months G3 (HR G3 vs G1 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.62; p = 0.003). In postdocetaxel patients, median OS was 13.1 months in G1, 17.2 months in G2, and 21.4 months in G3 (HR G3 vs G1 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.94; p = 0.082), while median PFS was 5.2 months in G1, 6.8 months in G2, and 8.3 months in G3 (HR G3 vs G1 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.91; p = 0.067). CONCLUSIONS Duration of ADT response is an independent prognostic factor of outcome with AA or E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario F Di Stefano
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Medical Oncology Department, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.
| | - Fabio Turco
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Samuelly
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maristella Bungaro
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisano
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Vignani
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Gallicchio
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Petinrin OO, Li X, Wong KC. Particle Swarm Optimized Gaussian Process Classifier for Treatment Discontinuation Prediction in Multicohort Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:1309-1317. [PMID: 34379600 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer in men, according to the WHO world cancer report. Its prevention and treatment demand proper attention. Despite numerous attempts for disease prevention, prostate tumours can still become metastatic by blood circulation to other organs. Several treatments have been adopted. However, findings show that the docetaxel treatment induces adverse reactions in patients. Particle Swarm Optimized Gaussian Process Classifier (PSO-GPC) is proposed to determine when to discontinue treatment. Based on three cohorts of prostate cancer patients, we propose and compare several classifiers for the best performance in determining treatment discontinuation. Given the data skewness and class imbalance, the models are evaluated based on both the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and area under precision recall curve (AUPRC). With the AUCs ranging between 0.6717 - 0.8499, and AUPRCs ranging between 0.1392 - 0.5423, PSO-GPC performs better than the state-of-the-art. We have carried out statistical analysis for ranking methods and analyzed independent cohort data with PSO-GPC, demonstrating its unbiased performance. A proper determination of treatment discontinuation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients will reduce the mortality rate in cancer patients.
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16
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Current Status and Future Perspectives of Androgen Receptor Inhibition Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040492. [PMID: 33805919 PMCID: PMC8064397 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the main components in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and treatment strategies are mostly directed toward manipulation of the AR pathway. In the metastatic setting, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). However, treatment response is short-lived, and the majority of patients ultimately progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surmountable data from clinical trials have shown that the maintenance of AR signaling in the castration environment is accountable for disease progression. Study results indicate multiple factors and survival pathways involved in PCa. Based on these findings, the alternative molecular pathways involved in PCa progression can be manipulated to improve current regimens and develop novel treatment modalities in the management of CRPC. In this review, the interaction between AR signaling and other molecular pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis and its clinical implications in metastasis and advanced disease will be discussed, along with a thorough overview of current and ongoing novel treatments for AR signaling inhibition.
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17
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The Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: Effect of Structure, Ligands and Spliced Variants on Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100422. [PMID: 33076388 PMCID: PMC7602609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a predominant role in prostate cancer (PCa) pathology. It consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a hinge region (HR), and a ligand-binding domain (LBD) that binds androgens, including testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Ligand binding at the LBD promotes AR dimerization and translocation to the nucleus where the DBD binds target DNA. In PCa, AR signaling is perturbed by excessive androgen synthesis, AR amplification, mutation, or the formation of AR alternatively spliced variants (AR-V) that lack the LBD. Current therapies for advanced PCa include androgen synthesis inhibitors that suppress T and/or DHT synthesis, and AR inhibitors that prevent ligand binding at the LBD. However, AR mutations and AR-Vs render LBD-specific therapeutics ineffective. The DBD and NTD are novel targets for inhibition as both perform necessary roles in AR transcriptional activity and are less susceptible to AR alternative splicing compared to the LBD. DBD and NTD inhibition can potentially extend patient survival, improve quality of life, and overcome predominant mechanisms of resistance to current therapies. This review discusses various small molecule and other inhibitors developed against the DBD and NTD—and the current state of the available compounds in clinical development.
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18
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Zhao J, Xu H, Duan Z, Chen X, Ao Z, Chen Y, Ruan Y, Ni M. miR-31-5p Regulates 14-3-3 ɛ to Inhibit Prostate Cancer 22RV1 Cell Survival and Proliferation via PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6679-6694. [PMID: 32801901 PMCID: PMC7402864 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s247780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies, and almost all patients with advanced PCa will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after receiving endocrine therapy. Effective treatment for patients with CRPC has not been established. Novel approaches are needed to identify therapeutic targets for CRPC. Purpose Recent research studies have found that members of the 14-3-3 family play an important role in the development and progression of PCa. Previous results have shown that 14-3-3 ɛ is significantly upregulated in several cancers. This study aimed to identify novel miRNAs that regulate 14-3-3 ɛ expression and therapeutic targets for CRPC. Methods In this study, we used computation and experimental approaches for the prediction and verification of the miRNAs targeting 14-3-3 ɛ, and investigated the potential roles of 14-3-3 ɛ in the survival and proliferation of 22RV1 cells. Results We confirm that mir-31-5p is downregulated in 22RV1 cells and acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating 14-3-3 ɛ. Ectopic expression of miR-31-5p or 14-3-3 ɛ interference significantly inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in 22RV1 cells, as well as promotes cell apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Moreover, 14-3-3 ɛ is required for the miR-31-5p-mediated upregulation of the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Conclusion Our findings provide information on the underlying mechanisms of miR-31-5p/14-3-3 ɛ in 22RV1 cell proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. These results suggest that miR-31-5p and 14-3-3 ɛ may potentially be utilized as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kumar R. Emerging role of glucocorticoid receptor in castration resistant prostate cancer: A potential therapeutic target. J Cancer 2020; 11:696-701. [PMID: 31942193 PMCID: PMC6959034 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are used as co-medication with chemotherapy for solid tumors to reduce inflammation as well as cytotoxic side effects and are effective in easing symptoms related to chemotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoids may contribute to failure of chemotherapy and tumor progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Thus, in recent years, glucocorticoid signaling pathway has become an important therapeutic target for CRPC. Understanding the exact mechanism of GR actions in CRPC is still work in progress. There are studies suggesting that GR expression can be upregulated following antiandrogen therapy and can contribute to resistance to hormone therapies. Therefore, attempts are being made to develop selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators that specifically antagonize GR activity in CRPC, and thereby provide clinical benefit by blocking the GR mechanism for tumor growth. However, more targeted approaches are needed to understand the role of the GR-mediated target gene expressions in the CRPC that could in near future lead to better therapeutic options for patients with CRPC. This review highlights current perspectives on the actions of glucocorticoids during tumor progression and metastasis of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Vaillancourt J, Turcotte V, Caron P, Villeneuve L, Lacombe L, Pouliot F, Lévesque É, Guillemette C. Glucuronidation of Abiraterone and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites by UGT1A4, Influence of Polymorphic Variants and Their Potential as Inhibitors of Steroid Glucuronidation. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 48:75-84. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Systemic immune-inflammation index, serum albumin, and fibrinogen impact prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:2189-2199. [PMID: 31456101 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment plasma systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), albumin, and fibrinogen levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with first-line docetaxel and to screen out the patients with the greatest risk for poor prognosis. METHODS The plasma SII, albumin, and fibrinogen levels were examined before treatment and analyzed with patient clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS). The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were assessed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS The incidences of elevated SII level, hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia were 52.51%, 25.14%, and 27.93%, respectively. SII level was associated with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (P < 0.001). Albumin level was found closely correlated with ECOG PS (P = 0.006), PLR (P = 0.042), and hemoglobin (P = 0.009), but not other parameters. Elevated plasma fibrinogen level was significantly associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (P = 0.009), visceral metastases (P < 0.001), and PLR (P = 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression model, visceral metastases SII (HR 2.133, 95% CI 1.163-3.913; P = 0.014), albumin (HR 0.540, 95% CI 0.307-0.949; P = 0.032), and fibrinogen (HR 1.888, 95% CI 1.069-3.335; P = 0.029) were further confirmed to be the independent prognostic factors for OS. Of the three target parameters, we found that patients with none abnormalities of the three parameters showed the best prognosis, and patients with at least any two abnormalities of them showed markedly worse prognosis than patients with any one abnormalities of the three parameters (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment SII, albumin, and fibrinogen are independent prognostic factors in mCRPC patients treated with first-line docetaxel. Moreover, the combined use of SII, albumin, and fibrinogen levels may help us to identify the high-risk populations for treatment decisions.
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22
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Green BJ, Nguyen V, Atenafu E, Weeber P, Duong BTV, Thiagalingam P, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Hansen AR, Joshua AM, Kelley SO. Phenotypic Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Using Nanoparticle-Mediated Ranking. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9348-9355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Eshetu Atenafu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Phillip Weeber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Bill T. V. Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Punithan Thiagalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M. Joshua
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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23
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Tucci M, Zichi C, Buttigliero C, Vignani F, Scagliotti GV, Di Maio M. Enzalutamide-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer: challenges and solutions. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7353-7368. [PMID: 30425524 PMCID: PMC6204864 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The new-generation hormonal agent enzalutamide has been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), in both post- and predocetaxel setting, due to the significant improvement in overall survival. More recently, enzalutamide also showed impressive results in the treatment of men with nonmetastatic CRPC. Unfortunately, not all patients with CRPC are responsive to enzalutamide, and even in responders, benefits are limited by the development of drug resistance. Adaptive resistance of metastatic prostate cancer to enzalutamide treatment can be due to the activation of both androgen receptor (AR)-dependent pathways (expression of constitutively active AR splice variants, AR point mutations, gene amplification and overexpression) and mechanisms independent of AR signaling pathway (altered steroidogenesis, upregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, neuroendocrine transformation, autophagy and activation of the immune system). In this review, we focus on resistance mechanisms to enzalutamide, exploring how we could overcome them through novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy,
| | - Clizia Zichi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy,
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy,
| | - Francesca Vignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy,
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
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24
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Treatment with abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients progressing after docetaxel: a retrospective study. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:1047-1052. [PMID: 28857768 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate abiraterone's efficacy in Italian patients affected with metastatic prostate cancer progressing after treatment with docetaxel. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 patients. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction in serum was the primary endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of abiraterone in combination with prednisone treatment, whereas reduced pain, safety, progression-free survival, response rate, and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. A significant correlation was noticed between PSA response and OS. Further, the Index Bravais-Pearson (r) correlation allowed us to observe a significant negative interdependence between PSA response and reduction in pain of 0.57 (95% confidence interval: -0.30 to 0.80) (P=0.005). Meanwhile, regression analysis revealed that PSA levels are predictive of OS. There was a positive correlation with OS, which showed a value of R to 0.50 with a slope of 1.44 (P=0.0021). Abiraterone is a well-tolerated and effective treatment modality for patients affected with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The drug has a better tolerability profile, gives significant pain relief, and increases the survival rate.
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25
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Cathepsin K expression in castration-resistant prostate carcinoma: a therapeutical target for patients at risk for bone metastases. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e243-e247. [PMID: 28085175 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin K is involved in bone remodeling and is also expressed in the peritumoral stroma of carcinomas arising from different organs. A new generation of cathepsin K inhibitors blocking the RANKL/RANK pathway are being developed. We sought to investigate cathepsin K expression in a cohort of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas. METHODS Sixteen cases of castration-resistant disease with at least 5 years of follow-up were selected from a cohort of 280 patients who underwent surgery. Cathepsin K was evaluated on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays with 5 tissue spots per case. These were scored as high 2+ (≥30% of cells), low 1+ (<30% of cells) or zero (absence), distinguishing tumor cells and peritumoral stroma cells. Low (1+) and absence (0) of scoring were interpreted as negative, and high (2+) as positive. RESULTS The castration-resistant group was composed of 15 acinar adenocarcinomas and 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma, and all showed at least Gleason score 8 at prostatectomy. Two out of 16 cases (12%) scored positive for cathepsin K in tumor cells; and 5 of 16 cases (31%) scored positive in peritumoral stroma cells. The neuroendocrine and acinar subtypes of carcinoma with positive immunoexpression in neoplastic cells developed bone metastases after 4 and 5 years, respectively, and subsequently died. CONCLUSIONS Patients affected by castration-resistant prostate carcinoma may be tested for cathepsin K, and a positive strong expression (2+) could be a useful predictive biomarker of response to targeted agents, aiding in the selection of patients eligible for these treatments.
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Buttigliero C, Pisano C, Tucci M, Vignani F, Bertaglia V, Iaconis D, Guglielmini P, Numico G, Scagliotti GV, Di Maio M. Prognostic impact of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:555-562. [PMID: 28068151 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1260772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a measure of systemic inflammatory response, has been associated with poor outcome in several solid tumors, including prostate cancer. We retrospectively investigated the prognostic role of pretreatment NLR in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with first-line docetaxel. METHODS All CRPC patients treated with first-line docetaxel at two Italian institutions, with available data about baseline neutrophil and lymphocyte values, were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were divided in two groups according to NLR ratio (low NLR: ≤3; high NLR: >3). Outcome measures were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), measured from the start of docetaxel treatment. Univariate and multivariate analysis (adjusting for baseline prostate-specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, albumin, performance status, use of opioids and presence of visceral disease) were performed. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-nine patients treated between 2004 and 2016 were analyzed and 110 had information about pretreatment NLR. Forty-six patients (42%) had low NLR and 64 (58%) had high NLR. Median PFS was 8.8 months in patients with low NLR versus 7.3 months in those with high NLR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-1.69, p = .58]. Median OS was 34.9 months in patients with low NLR versus 20.2 months in those with high NLR (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.07-3.19, p = .02). At multivariate analysis, NLR confirmed an independent impact on OS (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.50-6.65, p = .002). CONCLUSION In this retrospective series, metastatic CRPC patients who started first-line docetaxel with a low pretreatment NLR had a significantly better survival. In addition to known prognostic factors, NLR can be useful to improve prognostic evaluation of patients in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Buttigliero
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Vignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Iaconis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Pamela Guglielmini
- Oncology Unit, SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Numico
- Oncology Unit, SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giorgio V. Scagliotti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Vignani F, Bertaglia V, Buttigliero C, Tucci M, Scagliotti GV, Di Maio M. Skeletal metastases and impact of anticancer and bone-targeted agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 44:61-73. [PMID: 26907461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of bone metastases is very high in advanced prostate cancer patients. Bone metastases likely have a significant impact on functional status and quality of life, not only related to pain, but also to the relevant risk of skeletal-related events. A better understanding of mechanisms associated with bone metastatic disease secondary to prostate cancer and more specifically to the cross-talk between tumor cells and bone microenvironment in metastatic progression represented the background for the development of new effective bone-targeted therapies. Furthermore, a better knowledge of biological mechanisms driving disease progression led to significant advances in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer, with the development and approval of new effective drugs. Aim of this review is to outline the physiopathology of bone metastases in prostate cancer and summarize the main results of clinical trials conducted with different drugs to control morbidity induced by skeletal metastases and bone disease progression. For each agent, therapeutic effect on bone metastases has been measured in terms of pain control and/or incidence of skeletal-related events, usually defined as a composite endpoint, including the need for local treatment (radiation therapy or surgery), spinal cord compression, pathological bone fractures. In details, data obtained with chemotherapy (mitoxantrone, docetaxel, cabazitaxel), new generation hormonal agents (abiraterone, enzalutamide), radium-223, bone-targeted agents (zoledronic acid, denosumab) and with several experimental agents (cabozantinib, dasatinib, anti-endothelin and other agents) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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