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Gallego-Yerga L, Chiliquinga AJ, Peláez R. Novel Tetrazole Derivatives Targeting Tubulin Endowed with Antiproliferative Activity against Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11093. [PMID: 37446273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the structure of microtubules has made tubulin a relevant target for the research of novel chemotherapies. Furthermore, the particularly high sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to microtubule disruption could open new doors in the search for new anti-GBM treatments. However, the difficulties in developing potent anti-tubulin drugs endowed with improved pharmacokinetic properties necessitates the expansion of medicinal chemistry campaigns. The application of an ensemble pharmacophore screening methodology helped to optimize this process, leading to the development of a new tetrazole-based tubulin inhibitor. Considering this scaffold, we have synthesized a new family of tetrazole derivatives that achieved remarkable antimitotic effects against a broad panel of cancer cells, especially against GBM cells, showing high selectivity in comparison with non-tumor cells. The compounds also exerted high aqueous solubility and were demonstrated to not be substrates of efflux pumps, thus overcoming the main limitations that are usually associated with tubulin binding agents. Tubulin polymerization assays, immunofluorescence experiments, and flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the compounds target tubulin and arrest cells at the G2/M phase followed by induction of apoptosis. The docking experiments agreed with the proposed interactions at the colchicine site and explained the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Denaro N, Romanò R, Alfieri S, Dolci A, Licitra L, Nuzzolese I, Ghidini M, Bareggi C, Bertaglia V, Solinas C, Garrone O. The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092458. [PMID: 37173925 PMCID: PMC10177023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinogenic TME. Moreover, the participation of estrogens in TC pathogenesis has previously been hypothesized, in view of the higher TC incidence observed among females. In this respect, the interactions between estrogens and the TME in TC could represent a relevant, unexplored area of research. We thereby collectively reviewed the available evidence concerning the potential carcinogenic role of estrogens in TC, specifically focusing on their crosstalk with the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Denaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Romanò
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Dolci
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Imperia Nuzzolese
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, Policlinico di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Deng S, Leong HC, Datta A, Gopal V, Kumar AP, Yap CT. PI3K/AKT Signaling Tips the Balance of Cytoskeletal Forces for Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1652. [PMID: 35406424 PMCID: PMC8997157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes, which include cell growth, survival, metabolism, and motility. In response to internal and external stimuli, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway co-opts other signaling pathways, cellular components, and cytoskeletal proteins to reshape individual cells. The cytoskeletal network comprises three main components, which are namely the microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Collectively, they are essential for many fundamental structures and cellular processes. In cancer, aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and alteration of cytoskeletal structures have been observed to be highly prevalent, and eventually contribute to many cancer hallmarks. Due to their critical roles in tumor progression, pharmacological agents targeting PI3K/AKT, along with cytoskeletal components, have been developed for better intervention strategies against cancer. In our review, we first discuss existing evidence in-depth and then build on recent advances to propose new directions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Hin Chong Leong
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Arpita Datta
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Bulotta S, Capriglione F, Celano M, Pecce V, Russo D, Maggisano V. Phytochemicals in thyroid cancer: analysis of the preclinical studies. Endocrine 2021; 73:8-15. [PMID: 33587255 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the search for novel effective compounds to use in thyroid cancer (TC) unresponsive to current treatment, attention has recently focused on plant-derived compounds with anticancer activity. In this review, we discuss the preclinical studies demonstrating phytochemical activity against thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In particular, we describe their antiproliferative properties or ability to re-induce iodine retention, thus supporting their potential use as single agents or adjuvants in radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Capriglione
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Sharifi-Rad J, Rajabi S, Martorell M, López MD, Toro MT, Barollo S, Armanini D, Fokou PVT, Zagotto G, Ribaudo G, Pezzani R. Plant natural products with anti-thyroid cancer activity. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104640. [PMID: 32474055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy, with more than 500,000 cases per year worldwide. Differentiated thyroid cancers are the most common forms with best prognosis, while poorly/undifferentiated ones are rare (2% of all thyroid cancer), aggressive, frequently metastasize and have a worse prognosis. For aggressive, metastatic and advanced thyroid cancer novel antitumor molecules are urgently needed and phytochemical products can be a rational and extensive source, since secondary plant metabolites can guarantee the necessary biochemical variability for therapeutic purpose. Among bioactive molecules that present biological activity on thyroid cancer, resveratrol, curcumin, isoflavones, glucosinolates are the most common and used in experimental model. Most of them have been studied both in vitro and in vivo on this cancer, but rarely in clinical trial. This review summarizes phytochemicals, phytotherapeutics and plant derived compounds used in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Maria Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - María Trinidad Toro
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile.
| | - Susi Barollo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Decio Armanini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy; AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy.
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Theranostic MRI liposomes for magnetic targeting and ultrasound triggered release of the antivascular CA4P. J Control Release 2020; 322:137-148. [PMID: 32145266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic nanocarriers of antivascular drug encapsulated in thermosensitive ultramagnetic liposomes can be advantageously designed to provide a locally high concentration and an active delivery, with image-guided Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) so as to reliably cure tumor. We propose a novel therapeutic strategy consisting of the magnetic accumulation of Ultra Magnetic Liposomes (UML) followed by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) to trigger the release of an antivascular agent monitored by MRI. For this purpose, we co-encapsulated Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), a vascular disrupting agent, in the core of UML to obtain CA4P-loaded thermosensitive Ultra Magnetic Liposomes (CA4P-UML). To assess the HIFU parameters, the CA4P release has been triggered in vitro by local heating HIFU at the lipids transition temperature. Morphology of endothelial cells was assessed to evaluate the effect of encapsulated versus non-encapsulated CA4P. The efficiency of a treatment combining the magnetic targeting of CA4P-UML with the CA4P release triggered by HIFU was studied in CT26 murine tumors. Tumor perfusion and volume regression parameters were monitored by multiparametric quantitative anatomical and dynamic in vivo MRI at 7 T. Additionally, vascularization and cellularity were evaluated ex-vivo by histology. This thorough investigation showed that the combined treatment exhibited a full benefit. A 150-fold improvement compared with the chemotherapy alone was obtained using a magnetic targeting of CA4P-UML triggered by HIFU, and was consistent with an expected effect on vascularization 24 h after treatment.
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Sun L, Gu Y, Hu L. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of water-soluble carbazole sulfonamide derivatives as new anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112181. [PMID: 32113125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we formulated and investigated the structure-activity relationships of novel N-substituted carbazole sulfonamide derivatives with improved physicochemical properties. Most of these new compounds displayed good aqueous solubility. Certain molecules presented strong in vitro antiproliferative and in vivo antitumor activity. Relative to the control, 50 mg/kg compound 3v substantially reduced human HepG2 xenograft mouse tumor growth by 54.5% and its efficacy was comparable to that of CA-4P. Compound 3h demonstrated anticancer efficacy in both subcutaneous and orthotopic HepG2 xenograft mouse models. We also developed a novel synthetic method for 7-hydroxy-substituted carbazole sulfonamides. Compared with the control, 25 mg/kg compound 4c inhibited human HepG2 xenograft mouse tumor growth by 71.7% and was more potent than 50 mg/kg CA-4P with only 50% tumor shrinkage efficacy. Among the three water-soluble carbazole sulfonamide derivatives formulated in the present study, compound 4c displayed the most effective tumor growth inhibition in vivo and merit further investigation as potential antitumor agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Lianqi Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yuxi Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Laixing Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Di B, Niu MM. Structure-Based Pharmacophore Design and Virtual Screening for Novel Tubulin Inhibitors with Potential Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E3181. [PMID: 31480625 PMCID: PMC6749218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin inhibitors have been considered as potential drugs for cancer therapy. However, their drug resistance and serious side-effects are the main reasons for clinical treatment failure. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic drugs. Herein, a structure-based pharmacophore model was developed based on the co-crystallized structures of the tubulin with a high resolution. The model including one hydrogen-bond acceptor feature, two aromatic features, and one hydrophobic feature was further validated using the Gunner-Henry score method. Virtual screening was performed by an integrated protocol that combines drug-likeness analysis, pharmacophore mapping, and molecular docking approaches. Finally, five hits were selected for biological evaluation. The results indicated that all these hits at the concentration of 40 μM showed an inhibition of more than 50% against five human tumor cells (MCF-7, U87MG, HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and HepG2). Particularly, hit 1 effectively inhibited the proliferation of these tumor cells, with inhibition rates of more than 80%. The results of tubulin polymerization and colchicine-site competition assays suggested that hit 1 significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine site. Thus, hit 1 could be used as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This work also demonstrated the potential of our screening protocol to identify biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Jayarangaiah A, Sidhu G, Brown J, Barrett-Campbell O, Bahtiyar G, Youssef I, Arora S, Skwiersky S, McFarlane SI. Therapeutic options for advanced thyroid cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 5:26-34. [PMID: 31709422 PMCID: PMC6839707 DOI: 10.17352/ijcem.000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer can be largely classified as well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, medullary and anaplastic. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes follicular and papillary subtypes, with the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on the rise. The mainstay of treatment for DTC includes a combination of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) and levothyroxine suppression. DTC portends a favorable prognosis, even in the presence of distant metastases, with a 50% rate of 5-year survival largely due to tumor cell's sensitivity to RAI therapy influencing disease outcome. In radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-refractory DTC) there is a lower survival rate prompting the use of other therapeutic options available. RAI refractoriness is more common in older patients (age >40), large metastases and lesions that are fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid on position emission tomography (PET). Over the past decade, Identification of genetic mutations in the signaling pathway involved in thyroid tumorigenesis has led to the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); Sorafenib and Lenvatinib in RAI-refractory DTC. Similarly, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) implies an unfavorable 10-year survival rate of only 20% as the principal treatment options focuses on loco regional control via surgical and/or non-surgical options. The approval of TKIs such as Cabozantinib and Vandetanib has introduced an encouraging, novel, systemic therapeutic option for metastatic MTC. Lastly, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) carries the worst prognosis with high recurrence rates. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and external beam radiation. The FDA recently approved Dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutated ATC. Considering the modality of chemotherapy and the expanding field of targeted therapies, the role of the oncologist and interaction with endocrinologist in the management of thyroid cancer needs further clarification aiming at collaborative management plans more than ever. This review summarizes the key phase III trials that led to the approval of TKIs in the treatment of DTC and metastatic MTC. Additionally, the review aims to clarify the patient selection criteria for initiation of TKIs and examine the implications, considerations and adverse effects prior to utilizing targeted therapy. Clinical trials are ongoing with promising results and may contribute to the addition of several targeted molecules and immune check point inhibitors to the therapeutic armamentarium for RAI-refractory DTC, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Jayarangaiah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gurinder Sidhu
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jordonna Brown
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Odeth Barrett-Campbell
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Gul Bahtiyar
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Irini Youssef
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Shalini Arora
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Samara Skwiersky
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA,Corresponding author: Samy I McFarlane, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP, Distinguished Teaching Professor and Associate Dean, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Residency Program Director, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 50, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA, Tel: 718-270-3711; Fax: 718-270-6358;
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Reactions of arylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with acetylenes 14. Methoxyphenylacetylenes in the reaction with 2,2,2-trichlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphole. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Stabilizing versus destabilizing the microtubules: a double-edge sword for an effective cancer treatment option? Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:690916. [PMID: 26484003 PMCID: PMC4592889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic and structural cellular components involved in several cell functions, including cell shape, motility, and intracellular trafficking. In proliferating cells, they are essential components in the division process through the formation of the mitotic spindle. As a result of these functions, tubulin and microtubules are targets for anticancer agents. Microtubule-targeting agents can be divided into two groups: microtubule-stabilizing, and microtubule-destabilizing agents. The former bind to the tubulin polymer and stabilize microtubules, while the latter bind to the tubulin dimers and destabilize microtubules. Alteration of tubulin-microtubule equilibrium determines the disruption of the mitotic spindle, halting the cell cycle at the metaphase-anaphase transition and, eventually, resulting in cell death. Clinical application of earlier microtubule inhibitors, however, unfortunately showed several limits, such as neurological and bone marrow toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells. Here we review several natural and synthetic microtubule-targeting agents, which showed antitumor activity and increased efficacy in comparison to traditional drugs in various preclinical and clinical studies. Cryptophycins, combretastatins, ombrabulin, soblidotin, D-24851, epothilones and discodermolide were used in clinical trials. Some of them showed antiangiogenic and antivascular activity and others showed the ability to overcome multidrug resistance, supporting their possible use in chemotherapy.
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