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Safavi M, Habibian-Sezavar F, Letafati A, Solouki S, Yaslianifard S, Kaboli P, Mohammadzadeh M, Kabir K, Haj MS, Mozhgani SH. Determination of molecular epidemiologic pattern of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Alborz province, Iran. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02051-0. [PMID: 38273115 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to two debilitating diseases, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which are prevalent in various parts of the world, including the Alborz province in Iran. Understanding the prevalence and evolutionary relationships of HTLV-1 infections in these endemic areas is of utmost importance. In the realm of phylogenetic studies, long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HTLV-1 stands out as highly conserved, yet more variable compared to other gene segments. Consequently, it is the primary focus for phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, trans-activator of transcription (Tax), an oncoprotein, holds a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. This cross-sectional study delved into the phylogenetic analysis of HTLV-1 among individuals in Alborz province of Iran. To confirm infection, we amplified partial sequence LTR (PLTR) and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (PHBZ). For phylogenetic analysis, we sequenced the full sequence LTR (FLTR) and full Tax sequence (FTax). The FLTR and FTax sequences underwent analysis using BioEdit, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA-X software. Out of the roughly 15,000 annual blood donors in Alborz, 19 samples tested positive for HTLV-1, indicating a 0.13% HTLV-1 positivity rate among blood donors. Furthermore, the HTLV-1 virus prevalent in the Alborz province belongs to subtype A (cosmopolitan) subgroup A. The findings revealed that while mutations were observed in both the LTR and Tax genes, they were not significant enough to bring about fundamental alterations. Despite positive selection detected in three Alborz isolates, it has not led to mutations affecting Tax function and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Safavi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Fariba Habibian-Sezavar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setayesh Solouki
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Parisa Kaboli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sadeghi Haj
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040664. [PMID: 35458394 PMCID: PMC9029775 DOI: 10.3390/v14040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of the World Health Organization is hence required. Methods: Ninety-seven studies evaluating the HTLV-1 infection in low- and high-risk populations in EMRO countries were retrieved from the international electronic databases and were used to assess the epidemiological status of the infection in these countries. Results: Most epidemiologic reports were published from Iran, with more than 50% of Iranian prisoners and around 4% of healthy individuals reported to have the infection. In Egypt, a considerable prevalence of the virus spans around 1.11% of blood donors. Foci of HTLV-1 infection are also present in some countries and require a careful epidemiological evaluation. In the other EMRO countries, a lower prevalence that does not exceed 1% was reported. Conclusion: The epidemiology and prevalence of HTLV-1 in the EMRO countries require a tight revision and update. Published studies reveal a scarce distribution of the virus in the African countries of EMRO, while a lower prevalence is denoted in the Asian countries of EMRO, except in Iran, where the prevalence is high.
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Razavi Pashabayg C, Momenifar N, Malekpour SA, Sadeghi M, Rahimi Foroushani A, Rafatpanah H, Valizadeh N, Sabet F, Jazayeri SM, Keyvani H, Rezaee SA, Norouzi M. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic study of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) in Iran. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104426. [PMID: 32561293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes the neurological disorder HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and/or adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Iran is one of the endemic regions of the HTLV-1 in the Middle East. To infer the origin of the virus in Iran and to follow the movements of human population and routes of virus spread to this country, phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were performed. To this purpose, the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HTLV-1 was used. New LTR sequences were obtained from 100 blood samples which infected with HTLV-1. Moreover, all Iranian LTR sequences which have been reported so far, were obtained from GenBank database. Sequences were aligned and maximum-likelihood and Bayesian tree topologies were explored. After identification of Iranian specific cluster, molecular-clock and coalescent models were used to estimate time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA). Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSP), representing population dynamics HTLV-1 strains back to the MRCA, were estimated using BEAST software. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Iranian, Kuwaiti, German, Israelite and southern Indian isolates are located within the widespread "transcontinental" subgroup A clade of HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype a. Molecular clock analysis of the Iranian cluster dated back their respective tMRCA to be 1290 AC with a 95% HPD confidence intervals (918, 1517). BSPs indicated a rapid exponential growth rate in the effective number of infections prior the 15th century. Our results support the hypothesis of a multiple introductions of HTLV-1 into Iran with the majority of introductions occurring in prior the 15th century, at the same time the Mongol invasion of Iran. Our results further suggest that HTLV-1 introduction into Iran was facilitated by the commercial/migratory linkage as known as the ancient Silk Road which linked China to Antioch (now in Turkey).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cobra Razavi Pashabayg
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Momenifar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Malekpour
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sabet
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mozhgani SH, Kermani HA, Norouzi M, Arabi M, Soltani S. Nanotechnology based strategies for HIV-1 and HTLV-1 retroviruses gene detection. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04048. [PMID: 32490248 PMCID: PMC7260287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of retroviruses including human T-cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus in the human body is indispensable to prevent retroviral infection propagation and improve clinical treatment. Until now, diverse techniques have been employed for the early detection of viruses. Traditional methods are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and laborious performing. Therefore, designing and constructing a selective and sensitive diagnosis system to detect serious diseases is highly demanded. Genetic detection with high sensitivity has striking significance for the early detection and remedy of disparate pathogenic diseases. The nucleic acid biosensors are based on the identification of specific DNA sequences in biological samples. Nanotechnology has an important impact on the development of sensitive biosensors. Different kinds of nanomaterials include nanoparticles, nanoclusters, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, etc., with different properties have been used to improve the performance of biosensors. Recently, DNA nanobiosensors are developed to provide simple, fast, selective, low-cost, and sensitive detection of infectious diseases. In this paper, the research progresses of nano genosensors for the detection of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 viruses, based on electrochemical, optical, and photoelectrochemical platforms are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadzade Kermani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arabi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mirhosseini A, Mohareri M, Arab R, Rezaee SA, Shirdel A, Koshyar MM, Allahyari A, Bari A, Rahimi H, Mozaheb Z, Bazarbachi A, Boostani R, Mashkani B, Rafatpanah H. Complete sequence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 in ATLL patients from Northeast Iran, Mashhad revealed a prematurely terminated protease and an elongated pX open reading frame III. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:460-469. [PMID: 31102740 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the origin, evolution, dissemination and viral factors affecting HTLV-1-associated diseases, knowing the complete viral genome sequences is important. So far, no full-length HTLV-1 genome sequence has been reported from Iran. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of HTLV-1 viruses isolated from adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients from this region. The genome size of HTLV-1-MhD (Mashhad) was found to be 9036 bp and sequence analysis of the LTR region showed that it belongs to cosmopolitan subtype A. Comparing the sequences with isolates from another endemic area (HTLV-1ATK) revealed variations in the U3 region (~3.4%), while there was 99.1% and 97.0% similarity in R and U5 regions, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of HTLV-1 gag, pro and pol genes had a difference of 1.1% compared with HTLV-1 ATK with 16 nucleotides replaced in the gag and 27 in the pol regions. There was no variability in the amino acid sequences in the p24gag, however three residues were different in the p19gag and one in the p15gag. The nucleotide sequence of env showed a divergence of 1.5% compared to ATK with 22-nucleotide variation. The HTLV-1-MhD Tax, p13, p30, and p12 had 99.1, 100, 98.8, and 98%, respectively similarity with the prototype strain. Four amino acid changes were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. The nucleotide identity between the isolates of Mashhad and those isolated from France, Germany, China, Canada and Brazil was 99.1%, 99.2%, 97.9%, 99% and 99.3%, respectively. Four amino acid changes compared with HTLV-1ATK from Japan were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. This data could provide information regarding the evolutionary history, phylogeny, origin of the virus and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirhosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohareri
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rohollah Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Shirdel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Koshyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Bari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mozaheb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reza Boostani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fani M, Rezayi M, Meshkat Z, Rezaee SA, Makvandi M, Abouzari‐Lotf E, Ferns GA. Current approaches for detection of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12433-12441. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fani
- Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Qaem University Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abouzari‐Lotf
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton Sussex UK
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Pirayeshfard L, Sharifi Z, Amini-Kafiabad S, Haghnazari Sadaghiani N. Phylogenetic analysis of HTLV-1 in Iranian blood donors, HIV-1 positive patients and patients with beta thalassemia. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1398-1405. [PMID: 29663494 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphoma virus (HTLV) has been associated with various disease types. Since the discovery of the virus in 1980, seven subtypes of the virus have been identified. HTLV is widespread and endemic in some regions, such as Japan, Africa, South America, and northeast Iran. This study aimed to identify HTLV-1 genotype and also to analyze the nucleotide sequence of the LTR region in three groups, including blood donors, HIV-1+ patients, and β-thalassemia patients. In this cross-sectional study, 2200 samples were collected from blood donors in Tehran (2000 samples), HIV-1+ patients (100 samples) and β-thalassemia patients (100 samples). All samples were screened for anti-HTLV-I&II antibodies by ELISA. Then, genomic DNA was extracted from repeatedly positive samples, and nested PCR was performed for both the TAX and LTR regions. Purified PCR products were sequenced and analyzed, and finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega7 software. The prevalence of the anti-HTLV-I&II antibody among blood donors and HIV-1+ patients was 1.7% (34/2000) and 12% (12/100), respectively. The PCR results confirmed that 0.05% (1/2000) of blood donors, 5% (5/100) of HIV-1+ patients, and 8% (8/100) of β-thalassemia patients were HTLV-I positive. All sequences were matched to HTLV-1 subtype a, subgroup A. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sequenced samples belong to the endemic clusters of Iran. HTLV-1 genotypes in all samples were similar in three groups and were derived from the strains, which had been previously reported from Iran (AF00300/Mashhad and KT190712.1/Sabzevar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pirayeshfard
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Haghnazari Sadaghiani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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