1
|
Agelidis AM, Hadigal SR, Jaishankar D, Shukla D. Viral Activation of Heparanase Drives Pathogenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Cell Rep 2018; 20:439-450. [PMID: 28700944 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) causes lifelong recurrent pathologies without a cure. How infection by HSV-1 triggers disease processes, especially in the immune-privileged avascular human cornea, remains a major unresolved puzzle. It has been speculated that a cornea-resident molecule must tip the balance in favor of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic conditions observed with herpetic, as well as non-herpetic, ailments of the cornea. Here, we demonstrate that heparanase (HPSE), a host enzyme, is the molecular trigger for multiple pathologies associated with HSV-1 infection. In human corneal epithelial cells, HSV-1 infection upregulates HPSE in a manner dependent on HSV-1 infected cell protein 34.5. HPSE then relocates to the nucleus to regulate cytokine production, inhibits wound closure, enhances viral spread, and thus generates a toxic local environment. Overall, our findings implicate activated HPSE as a driver of viral pathogenesis and call for further attention to this host protein in infection and other inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Agelidis
- Ocular Virology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, E-704 Medical Sciences Building, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, M/C 790, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Satvik R Hadigal
- Ocular Virology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Ocular Virology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, M/C 063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Ocular Virology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, E-704 Medical Sciences Building, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, M/C 790, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, M/C 063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|