1
|
Lee YE, Lee SH, Kim WU. Cytokines, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, and PlGF in Autoimmunity: Insights From Rheumatoid Arthritis to Multiple Sclerosis. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e10. [PMID: 38455464 PMCID: PMC10917575 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will explore the intricate roles of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factors in autoimmune diseases (ADs), with a particular focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). AD is characterized by self-destructive immune responses due to auto-reactive T lymphocytes and Abs. Among various types of ADs, RA and MS possess inflammation as a central role but in different sites of the patients. Other common aspects among these two ADs are their chronicity and relapsing-remitting symptoms requiring continuous management. First factor inducing these ADs are cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, which play significant roles in the pathogenesis by contributing to inflammation, immune cell activation, and tissue damage. Secondly, vascular endothelial growth factors, including VEGF and angiopoietins, are crucial in promoting angiogenesis and inflammation in these two ADs. Finally, placental growth factor (PlGF), an emerging factor with bi-directional roles in angiogenesis and T cell differentiation, as we introduce as an "angio-lymphokine" is another key factor in ADs. Thus, while angiogenesis recruits more inflammatory cells into the peripheral sites, cytokines secreted by effector cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ADs. Various therapeutic interventions targeting these soluble molecules have shown promise in managing autoimmune pathogenic conditions. However, delicate interplay between cytokines, angiogenic factors, and PlGF has more to be studied when considering their complementary role in actual pathogenic conditions. Understanding the complex interactions among these factors provides valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies for RA and MS, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young eun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oh K, Adnan M, Cho D. Uncovering Mechanisms of Zanthoxylum piperitum Fruits for the Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:703. [PMID: 34439936 PMCID: PMC8389290 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum piperitum fruits (ZPFs) have been demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its compounds and mechanisms against RA have not been elucidated. This study was to investigate the compounds and mechanisms of ZPFs to alleviate RA via network pharmacology. The compounds from ZPFs were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and screened to select drug-likeness compounds through SwissADME. Targets associated with bioactive compounds or RA were identified utilizing bioinformatics databases. The signaling pathways related to RA were constructed; interactions among targets; and signaling pathways-targets-compounds (STC) were analyzed by RPackage. Finally, a molecular docking test (MDT) was performed to validate affinity between targets and compounds on key signaling pathway(s). GC-MS detected a total of 85 compounds from ZPFs, and drug-likeness properties accepted all compounds. A total of 216 targets associated with compounds 3377 RA targets and 101 targets between them were finally identified. Then, a bubble chart exhibited that inactivation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and activation of PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling pathway might be key pathways against RA. Overall, this work suggests that seven compounds from ZPFs and eight targets might be multiple targets on RA and provide integrated pharmacological evidence to support the clinical efficacy of ZPFs on RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.O.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Łuczak A, Małecki R, Kulus M, Madej M, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Doroszko A. Cardiovascular Risk and Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Sjogren Syndrome Is Related to the Disease Activity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062072. [PMID: 34204342 PMCID: PMC8235705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate if endothelial-dysfunction (ED) occurs in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and whether it is associated with the disease characteristics and activity. A total of 46 patients with pSS and 30 controls, without known cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in this study. A flow-mediated-dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma concentrations of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway (ADMA, L-arginine, SDMA, cGMP), and markers of endothelial inflammatory function (PAI-1, sE-selectin) and angiogenesis (angiostatin, VEGF) were analyzed. The FMD was significantly lower in pSS patients (7.56 ± 3.08 vs. 10.91 ± 1.02%, p = 0.043) and positively correlated with the Ro/SS-A-antibodies (r = 0.34, p = 0.03), pulmonary involvement (r = 0.52, p = 0.001) and inversely with ADMA (r = −0.35, p = 0.04). Plasma ADMA, L-arginine and angiostatin levels were significantly higher in pSS patients (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.06 µmol/L, p = 0.05; 29.07 ± 6.7 vs. 25.4 ± 5.23 µmol/L, p = 0.01; 152.25 ± 60.99 vs. 120.07 ± 38.7 pg/mL, p = 0.0, respectively). ADMA was associated with ESSDAI (r = 0.33, p = 0.02), SCORE (r = 0.57, p = 0.00003) and focus score (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). In the multiple regression analysis, the ESSDAI was significantly and independently associated with plasma ADMA levels (β = 0.24, p = 0.04). Moreover, plasma cGMP concentrations were negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = −0.31, p = 0.03). Endothelial function is impaired in patients with pSS and associated with the measures of disease activity, which supports the key-role of inflammation in developing and maintaining accelerated atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łuczak
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ł.); (M.M.)
| | - Rafał Małecki
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Kulus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Madej
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ł.); (M.M.)
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-736-4000
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abramkin AA, Lisitsyna TA, Veltishchev DY, Seravina OF, Kovalevskaya OB, Glukhova SI, Nasonov EL. [Depression and severity of articular destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:22-32. [PMID: 32598772 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.05.000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS 128 RA-patients were included, 87% were women with a mean age of 47.411.3 years and a median of RA duration 96 [48; 228] months. At the inclusion most patients had moderate (n=56, 43.7%) and severe (n=48, 37.5%) disease activity according to DAS28. Joint destruction was classified as maximal in patients with radiographic stage III, IV and/or osteonecrosis) and minimal in patients with stage I, II and no osteonecrosis. Pain intensity was measured with the BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) scale, severity of fatigue with fatigue severity scale (FSS), clinically important fatigue was diagnosed in patients with FSS4. Anxiety and depressive disorders (ADD) were diagnosed by a licensed psychiatrist in 123 (96.1%) of RA-patients in accordance with ICD-10 in semi-structured interview. Severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). RA-patients with ADD were divided into the following treatment groups: 1 сDMARDs (n=39), 2 сDMARDs+PPT (sertraline or mianserine), n=43, 3 сDMARDs+bDMARDs (n=32), 4 сDMARDs+bDMARDs+PPT (sertraline or mianserine), n=9. Biologics treatment duration varied from 1 to 6 years, antidepressants from 6 to 96 weeks. 83 (67.5%) RA patients were assessed at five-years follow-up. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with maximal join destruction. RESULTS According to linear regression analysis, maximal joint destruction at 5 years follow-up was associated with higher baseline BPImax, longer RA and ADD duration, clinically important fatigue at baseline, baseline extraarticular RA manifestations, recurrent depressive disorder at 5-years follow-up and treatment with cDMARDs only. CONCLUSION Recurrent depressive disorder without antidepressant treatment is an important predictor of progression of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Y Veltishchev
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the Serbskiy National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - O F Seravina
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the Serbskiy National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology
| | - O B Kovalevskaya
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the Serbskiy National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Syed A, Devi VK. Potential of targeted drug delivery systems in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Hamid RA, Fong LM, Ting YL. Anti-arthritic and gastroprotective activities of Ardisia crispa root partially mediated via its antioxidant effect. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0012/jcim-2017-0012.xml. [PMID: 28915115 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Ardisia crispa Thunb A.DC (Myrsinaceae), commonly known as "hen's eyes", has been traditionally used in treating various inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated anti-arthritic, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of Ardisia crispa root hexane extract (ACRH) in various animal models. Methods Anti-arthritic activity was evaluated in complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced adjuvant arthritis and gastroprotective effect was studied in the ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. ACRH was further isolated to yield quinone-rich fraction (QRF) and both were analyzed for their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities in various antioxidant assays. Both ACRH and QRF were also analyzed for the quinone composition via gas chromatography analysis. Results ACRH exerted significant reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α at a lower dose range in CFA-induced arthritis, as well as exhibited its cytoprotective effect against ethanol-induced ulcer lesion via involvement of mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups. ACRH also showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as better antioxidant activities than QRF. Conclusions These findings demonstrated the plant as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, with ACRH succeeded in inhibiting both arthritic and ulcerogenic effect, possibly mediated via its antioxidant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roslida Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lau Moi Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Looi Ting
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine based derivatives as kinase inhibitors and anticancer agents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:346-355. [PMID: 26342521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a chief ingredient of many formulation for the treatment of inflammatory and bone disorders.. OBJECTIVE The study was carried out to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of C. quadrangularis hydroalcoholic extract (CQHE) and to explore the plausible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced by sub plantar administration of formaldehyde (2% v/v) and 0.1ml of complete Freund's adjuvant. Joint swelling was measured on days 8, 9 and 10 in formaldehyde-induced arthritis and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) respectively. Serum and ankle joints of AIA rats were used for estimation of serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress markers and synovial expression of proinflammatory cytokines/cytokine receptor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-R1), angiogenesis marker (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3& 9). An acute and 28-day oral toxicity was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. RESULTS CQHE produced a dose dependent inhibition of joint swelling in both formaldehyde-induced and adjuvant induced arthritis. CQHE treatment also reduced serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress and synovial expression of inflammatory and angiogenesis marker. In sub acute toxicity study of CQHE, chronic administration of CQHE did not produce any physiological and pathological changes as compared to normal rats. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the anti-arthritic potential of C. quadrangularis and it validates its traditional use for the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560100, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Picrorhiza kurroa Inhibits Experimental Arthritis Through Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Angiogenesis and MMPs. Phytother Res 2015; 30:112-9. [PMID: 26556014 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the anti-arthritic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK), on formaldehyde and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rat. Administration of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) significantly inhibited joint inflammation in both animal models. In AIA-induced arthritic rat, treatment with PKRE considerably decreased synovial expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) and vascular endothelial growth factor as compared with control. The anti-arthritic activity was found to be well substantiated with significant suppression of oxidative and inflammatory markers as there was decreased malonaldehyde, Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha levels accompanied with increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase activities. Additionally, PKRE significantly inhibited the expression of degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases-3 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in AIA-induced arthritic rat. Histopathology of paw tissue displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as compared with control. Taken together, these results demonstrated the anti-arthritic activity of PKRE against experimental arthritis, and the underlying mechanism behind this efficacy might be mediated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis, improvement of the synovium redox status and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, 560 100, India
| |
Collapse
|