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Winge-Main AK, Wälchli S, Inderberg EM. T cell receptor therapy against melanoma-Immunotherapy for the future? Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12927. [PMID: 32640053 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has seen monumental changes in treatment options the last decade from the very poor results of dacarbazine treatment to the modern-day use of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Melanoma has a high mutational burden making it more capable of evoking immune responses than many other tumours. Even when considering double immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1, we still have far to go in melanoma treatment as 50% of patients with metastatic disease do not respond to current treatment. Alternative immunotherapy should therefore be considered. Since melanoma has a high mutational burden, it is considered more immunogenic than many other tumours. T cell receptor (TCR) therapy could be a possible way forward, either alone or in combination, to improve the response rates of this deadly disease. Melanoma is one of the cancers where TCR therapy has been frequently applied. However, the number of antigens targeted remains fairly limited, although advanced personalized therapies aim at also targeting private mutations. In this review, we look at possible aspects of targeting TCR therapy towards melanoma and provide an implication of its use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Winge-Main
- Department of Cellular Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Department of Cellular Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Sköld AE, Mathan TSM, van Beek JJP, Flórez-Grau G, van den Beukel MD, Sittig SP, Wimmers F, Bakdash G, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM. Naturally produced type I IFNs enhance human myeloid dendritic cell maturation and IL-12p70 production and mediate elevated effector functions in innate and adaptive immune cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1425-1436. [PMID: 30019146 PMCID: PMC6132867 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There has recently been a paradigm shift in the field of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, where several clinical studies have confirmed the feasibility and advantageousness of using directly isolated human blood-derived DCs over in vitro differentiated subsets. There are two major DC subsets found in blood; plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs), and both have been tested clinically. CD1c+ mDCs are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to secrete IL-12p70, while pDCs are professional IFN-α-secreting cells that are shown to induce innate immune responses in melanoma patients. Hence, combining mDCs and pDCs poses as an attractive, multi-functional vaccine approach. However, type I IFNs have been reported to inhibit IL-12p70 production and mDC-induced T-cell activation. In this study, we investigate the effect of IFN-α on mDC maturation and function. We demonstrate that both recombinant IFN-α and activated pDCs strongly enhance mDC maturation and increase IL-12p70 production. Co-cultured mDCs and pDCs additionally have beneficial effect on NK and NKT-cell activation and also enhances IFN-γ production by allogeneic T cells. In contrast, the presence of type I IFNs reduces the proliferative T-cell response. The mere presence of a small fraction of activated pDCs is sufficient for these effects and the required ratio between the subsets is non-stringent. Taken together, these results support the usage of mDCs and pDCs combined into one immunotherapeutic vaccine with broad immunostimulatory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E Sköld
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Till S M Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J P van Beek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle D van den Beukel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone P Sittig
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Allergic Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dillman RO, Dennis-Beron S. Melanoma vaccines and viral-based immunotherapies: a special focus issue from Melanoma Management. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:245-246. [PMID: 30190893 PMCID: PMC6094634 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- AiVita Biomedical, 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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