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Qin YS, Yi J, Chen YJ, Zhang W, Tang SF. Recent Advances in Micro/Nanomotor for the Therapy and Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39648908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global public health threat with a high incidence that can result in severe mortality and disability. The lack of targeted effects from traditional therapeutic drugs on atherosclerosis may cause damage to other organs and tissues, necessitating the need for a more focused approach to address this dilemma. Micro/nanomotors are self-propelled micro/nanoscale devices capable of converting external energy into autonomous movement, which offers advantages in enhancing penetration depth and retention while increasing contact area with abnormal sites, such as atherosclerotic plaque, inflammation, and thrombosis, within blood vessel walls. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role micro/nanomotors play in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hence, this review highlights the recent progress of micro/nanomotor technology in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including the effective promotion of micro/nanomotors in the circulatory system, overcoming hemorheological barriers, targeting the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, and targeting intracellular drug delivery, to facilitate atherosclerotic plaque localization and therapy. Furthermore, we also describe the potential application of micro/nanomotors in the imaging of vulnerable plaque. Finally, we discuss key challenges and prospects for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease while emphasizing the importance of designing individualized management strategies specific to its causes and microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology (Liuzhou People's Hospital), Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Juan Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Shi-Fu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology (Liuzhou People's Hospital), Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, China
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2
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Fumadó Navarro J, Lomora M. Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200466. [PMID: 36670512 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better-informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple-to-complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Fumadó Navarro
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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3
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Zang G, Qiu J, Wang G. Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad047. [PMID: 37351014 PMCID: PMC10281962 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
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Qiu J, Liu XJ, You BA, Ren N, Liu H. Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206487. [PMID: 36642861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Although the survival rate of patients with heart diseases can be improved with contemporary pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures, none of these therapies provide a significant improvement in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem cell-based therapies are a promising approach for functional recovery of damaged myocardium. However, the available stem cells are difficult to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which result in the extremely low transplantation efficiency. Nanomaterials are widely used to regulate the myocardial differentiation of stem cells, and play a very important role in cardiac tissue engineering. This study discusses the current status and limitations of stem cells and cell-derived exosomes/micro RNAs based cardiac therapy, describes the cardiac repair mechanism of nanomaterials, summarizes the recent advances in nanomaterials used in cardiac repair and regeneration, and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant nanomaterials. Besides discussing the potential clinical applications of nanomaterials in cardiac therapy, the perspectives and challenges of nanomaterials used in stem cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration are also considered. Finally, new research directions in this field are proposed, and future research trends are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Medical Research Institute, Jinan Nanjiao Hospital, Jinan, 250002, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ju Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bei-An You
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 266035, P. R. China
| | - Na Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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5
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Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
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Li T, Qiu J, Jia T, Liang Y, Zhang K, Yan W, Hou Z, Yang S, Liu L, Xiong W, Chen Y, Wang G. G3BP2 regulates oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1701-1715. [PMID: 36157502 PMCID: PMC9485288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (G3BP2) is a mediator that responds to environmental stresses through stress granule formation and is involved in the progression of chronic diseases. However, no studies have examined the contribution of G3BP2 in the oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here we assessed the effects of G3BP2 in endothelial cells (ECs) function and investigated the underlying mechanism. Using shear stress apparatus and partial ligation model, we identified that stress granule-related genes in ECs could be induced by OSS with RNA-seq, and then confirmed that G3BP2 was highly and specifically expressed in athero-susceptible endothelia in the OSS regions. G3bp2–/–Apoe–/– mice had significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions associated with deficiency of G3BP2 in protecting endothelial barrier function, decreasing monocyte adhesion to ECs and inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, loss of G3BP2 diminished OSS-induced inflammation in ECs by increasing YAP nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that G3BP2 is a critical OSS regulated gene in regulating ECs function and that G3BP2 inhibition in ECs is a promising atheroprotective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 45003, PR China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tingting Jia
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 45003, PR China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 45003, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lushan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400030, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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8
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Wang Y, Pisapati AV, Zhang XF, Cheng X. Recent Developments in Nanomaterial-Based Shear-Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002196. [PMID: 34076369 PMCID: PMC8273148 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) increase the efficacy of various therapeutics, and shear stress has been shown to be a robust modulator of payload release. In the past few decades, a deeper understanding has been gained of the effects of flow in the body and its alteration in pathological microenvironments. More recently, shear-responsive nanomaterial DDSs have been developed. Studies on this subject mainly from the last decade are reviewed here, focusing on innovations of the material design and mechanisms of the shear response. The two most popular shear-controlled drug carriers distinguished by different release mechanisms, that is, shear-deformable nanoparticles (NPs) and shear-dissociated NP aggregates (NPAs), are surveyed. The influence of material structures on their properties such as drug loading, circulation time, and shear sensitivity are discussed. The drug development stages, therapeutic effects, limitations, and potential of these DDSs are further inspected. The reviewed research emphasizes the advantages and significance of nanomaterial-based shear-sensitive DDSs in the field of targeted drug delivery. It is also believed that efforts to rationally design nanomaterial DDSs responsive to shear may prompt a new class of diagnostics and therapeutics for signaling and rectifying pathological flows in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Avani V. Pisapati
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - X. Frank Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
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Rumanti AP, Maruf A, Liu H, Ge S, Lei D, Wang G. Engineered bioresponsive nanotherapeutics: recent advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis and ischemic-related disease. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4804-4825. [PMID: 34085084 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological stimuli that are present during the pathogenesis of disease have gained considerable interest as a critical element for the design of smart drug delivery systems. Recently, the utilization of biological stimuli-responsive (bioresponsive) nanotheranostic agents to treat atherosclerosis and ischemic-related diseases has demonstrated significant outcomes in preclinical studies. Those diseases share similar hallmarks, including high levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), low pH, and high enzyme activity. Interestingly, other relevant biological stimuli such as shear stress, cholesterol, and glutathione have recently been explored as internal stimuli to trigger drug release and some particular actions. In addition, a number of strategies can be proposed to enhance their targeting efficiency, diagnostic properties, and efficacy rate. This review discusses recent advancements in the preclinical studies of bioresponsive nanotherapeutics as diagnostic and therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis and ischemic-related diseases as well as some potential strategies to overcome the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Pratiwi Rumanti
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Faculty of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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10
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Wijaya A, Maruf A, Wu W, Wang G. Recent advances in micro- and nano-bubbles for atherosclerosis applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4920-4939. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-bubbles have been developed as powerful multimodal theranostic agents for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wijaya
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants
- Bioengineering College
- Faculty of Medicine
- Chongqing University
| | - Ali Maruf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants
- Bioengineering College
- Faculty of Medicine
- Chongqing University
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants
- Bioengineering College
- Faculty of Medicine
- Chongqing University
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants
- Bioengineering College
- Faculty of Medicine
- Chongqing University
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