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Caffarra Malvezzi C, Cabassi A, Miragoli M. Mitochondrial mechanosensor in cardiovascular diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R85-R92. [PMID: 32923977 PMCID: PMC7439846 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in cardiac tissue is of utmost importance due to the dynamic nature of the heart and its energetic demands, necessary to assure its proper beating function. Recently, other important mitochondrial roles have been discovered, namely its contribution to intracellular calcium handling in normal and pathological myocardium. Novel investigations support the fact that during the progression toward heart failure, mitochondrial calcium machinery is compromised due to its morphological, structural and biochemical modifications resulting in facilitated arrhythmogenesis and heart failure development. The interaction between mitochondria and sarcomere directly affect cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction and is also involved in mechano-transduction through the cytoskeletal proteins that tether together the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The focus of this review is to briefly elucidate the role of mitochondria as (mechano) sensors in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aderville Cabassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, 20090 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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2
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A fast imaging method of scanning ion conductance microscopy. Micron 2018; 114:8-13. [PMID: 30053717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has attracted considerable attention in the biological field as a noninvasive, high-resolution and non-force contact imaging technology. However, the development of improvement to the SICM imaging rate remains a great challenge for applications of rapid or dynamic imaging. In this paper, a fast SICM imaging method is proposed to improve the imaging efficiency via the design of a compressive sampling strategy and a reduction in the reconstruction time of sparse signals using the 2D normalized iterative hard thresholding (2D-NIHT) algorithm. The imaging performance of the method is validated by the simulation of recovery of a random synthetic image, and the superiority of the 2D-NIHT algorithm is also demonstrated by comparison of its reconstruction performance with that of other typical algorithms. The actual imaging performance of the method in SICM is also validated by the imaging of two biological samples, a virus and a living cell, and the results show that the method can duplicate the sample surface topography with high-definition and shorter imaging time. Our study offers a general imaging method for the applications of scanning probe microscopies to realize faster and higher-resolution imaging of biological samples.
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3
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Zhang S, Li M, Su B, Shao Y. Fabrication and Use of Nanopipettes in Chemical Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:265-286. [PMID: 29894227 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes progress in the fabrication, modification, characterization, and applications of nanopipettes since 2010. A brief history of nanopipettes is introduced, and the details of fabrication, modification, and characterization of nanopipettes are provided. Applications of nanopipettes in chemical analysis are the focus in several cases, including recent progress in imaging; in the study of single molecules, single nanoparticles, and single cells; in fundamental investigations of charge transfer (ion and electron) reactions at liquid/liquid interfaces; and as hyphenated techniques combined with other methods to study the mechanisms of complicated electrochemical reactions and to conduct bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
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Gesper A, Hagemann P, Happel P. A low-cost, large field-of-view scanning ion conductance microscope for studying nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14172-14183. [PMID: 28905955 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have the potential to become versatile tools in the medical and life sciences. One potential application is delivering drugs or other compounds to the cell cytoplasm, which requires the nanoparticles to bind to or cross the cell membrane. However, there are only a few tools available which allow studying the interaction of nanoparticles and the cell membrane of living cells in a physiological environment. Currently, the tool which least biases living cells is Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM). Specialized SICMs allow imaging at high resolution, however, they are cost intensive, particularly when providing a large field-of-view. In contrast, less cost intensive SICMs which provide a large field-of-view do not allow imaging at high resolutions. We have developed a SICM setup consisting of a compact three-axis piezo system and an additional fast shear-force piezo actor. This combination allows imaging fields-of-view of up to 80 μm × 80 μm, recording sections of living cells with a temporal resolution in the range of minutes as well as imaging with a spatial resolution of below 70 nm. Using our SICM we found that the cell membrane of HeLa cells treated with carboxylated latex nanoparticles was significantly more convoluted compared to control cells. The SICM setup we introduce here combines high resolution imaging with a large field-of-view at low costs. Our setup only requires a mounting adapter to extend existing inverted light microscopes, thus it could be a valuable and cost effective tool for researchers in all fields of the medical and life sciences performing investigations at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gesper
- Nanoscopy Group, Central Unit for Ion beams and Radionuclides (RUBION), Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Altered Mitochondrial Metabolism and Mechanosensation in the Failing Heart: Focus on Intracellular Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071487. [PMID: 28698526 PMCID: PMC5535977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart consists of millions of cells, namely cardiomyocytes, which are highly organized in terms of structure and function, at both macroscale and microscale levels. Such meticulous organization is imperative for assuring the physiological pump-function of the heart. One of the key players for the electrical and mechanical synchronization and contraction is the calcium ion via the well-known calcium-induced calcium release process. In cardiovascular diseases, the structural organization is lost, resulting in morphological, electrical, and metabolic remodeling owing the imbalance of the calcium handling and promoting heart failure and arrhythmias. Recently, attention has been focused on the role of mitochondria, which seem to jeopardize these events by misbalancing the calcium processes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings, especially the role of mitochondria (dys)function in failing cardiomyocytes with respect to the calcium machinery.
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Zhuang J, Li Z, Jiao Y. Double micropipettes configuration method of scanning ion conductance microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:073703. [PMID: 27475561 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new double micropipettes configuration mode of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is presented to better overcome ionic current drift and further improve the performance of SICM, which is based on a balance bridge circuit. The article verifies the feasibility of this new configuration mode from theoretical and experimental analyses, respectively, and compares the quality of scanning images in the conventional single micropipette configuration mode and the new double micropipettes configuration mode. The experimental results show that the double micropipettes configuration mode of SICM has better effect on restraining ionic current drift and better performance of imaging. Therefore, this article not only proposes a new direction of overcoming the ionic current drift but also develops a new method of SICM stable imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangbohan Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Shevchuk A, Tokar S, Gopal S, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Tarasov AI, Vélez-Ortega AC, Chiappini C, Rorsman P, Stevens MM, Gorelik J, Frolenkov GI, Klenerman D, Korchev YE. Angular Approach Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Biophys J 2016; 110:2252-65. [PMID: 27224490 PMCID: PMC4880884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a super-resolution live imaging technique that uses a glass nanopipette as an imaging probe to produce three-dimensional (3D) images of cell surface. SICM can be used to analyze cell morphology at nanoscale, follow membrane dynamics, precisely position an imaging nanopipette close to a structure of interest, and use it to obtain ion channel recordings or locally apply stimuli or drugs. Practical implementations of these SICM advantages, however, are often complicated due to the limitations of currently available SICM systems that inherited their design from other scanning probe microscopes in which the scan assembly is placed right above the specimen. Such arrangement makes the setting of optimal illumination necessary for phase contrast or the use of high magnification upright optics difficult. Here, we describe the designs that allow mounting SICM scan head on a standard patch-clamp micromanipulator and imaging the sample at an adjustable approach angle. This angle could be as shallow as the approach angle of a patch-clamp pipette between a water immersion objective and the specimen. Using this angular approach SICM, we obtained topographical images of cells grown on nontransparent nanoneedle arrays, of islets of Langerhans, and of hippocampal neurons under upright optical microscope. We also imaged previously inaccessible areas of cells such as the side surfaces of the hair cell stereocilia and the intercalated disks of isolated cardiac myocytes, and performed targeted patch-clamp recordings from the latter. Thus, our new, to our knowledge, angular approach SICM allows imaging of living cells on nontransparent substrates and a seamless integration with most patch-clamp setups on either inverted or upright microscopes, which would facilitate research in cell biophysics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shevchuk
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sergiy Tokar
- Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute and Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Center for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute and Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Center for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Climent M, Quintavalle M, Miragoli M, Chen J, Condorelli G, Elia L. TGFβ Triggers miR-143/145 Transfer From Smooth Muscle Cells to Endothelial Cells, Thereby Modulating Vessel Stabilization. Circ Res 2015; 116:1753-64. [PMID: 25801897 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The miR-143/145 cluster is highly expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), where it regulates phenotypic switch and vascular homeostasis. Whether it plays a role in neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether SMCs control EC functions through passage of miR-143 and miR-145. METHODS AND RESULTS We used cocultures of SMCs and ECs under different conditions, as well as intact vessels to assess the transfer of miR-143 and miR-145 from one cell type to another. Imaging of cocultured cells transduced with fluorescent miRNAs suggested that miRNA transfer involves membrane protrusions known as tunneling nanotubes. Furthermore, we show that miRNA passage is modulated by the transforming growth factor (TGF) β pathway because both a specific transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) inhibitor (SB431542) and an shRNA against TGFβRII suppressed the passage of miR-143/145 from SMCs to ECs. Moreover, miR-143 and miR-145 modulated angiogenesis by reducing the proliferation index of ECs and their capacity to form vessel-like structures when cultured on matrigel. We also identified hexokinase II (HKII) and integrin β 8 (ITGβ8)-2 genes essential for the angiogenic potential of ECs-as targets of miR-143 and miR-145, respectively. The inhibition of these genes modulated EC phenotype, similarly to miR-143 and miR-145 overexpression in ECs. These findings were confirmed by ex vivo and in vivo approaches, in which it was shown that TGFβ and vessel stress, respectively, triggered miR-143/145 transfer from SMCs to ECs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that miR-143 and miR-145 act as communication molecules between SMCs and ECs to modulate the angiogenic and vessel stabilization properties of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Climent
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.)
| | - Manuela Quintavalle
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.)
| | - Michele Miragoli
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.)
| | - Ju Chen
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.).
| | - Leonardo Elia
- From IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (M.C.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy (M.Q., M.M., G.C., L.E.); Milan Unit of the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C., L.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Milan, Rozzano (MI), Italy (G.C.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.M.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.C.).
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9
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Czajkowsky DM, Sun J, Shao Z. Illuminated up close: near-field optical microscopy of cell surfaces. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lab MJ, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Gorelik J. The scanning ion conductance microscope for cellular physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1-11. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00499.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The quest for nonoptical imaging methods that can surmount light diffraction limits resulted in the development of scanning probe microscopes. However, most of the existing methods are not quite suitable for studying biological samples. The scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) bridges the gap between the resolution capabilities of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope and functional capabilities of conventional light microscope. A nanopipette mounted on a three-axis piezo-actuator, scans a sample of interest and ion current is measured between the pipette tip and the sample. The feedback control system always keeps a certain distance between the sample and the pipette so the pipette never touches the sample. At the same time pipette movement is recorded and this generates a three-dimensional topographical image of the sample surface. SICM represents an alternative to conventional high-resolution microscopy, especially in imaging topography of live biological samples. In addition, the nanopipette probe provides a host of added modalities, for example using the same pipette and feedback control for efficient approach and seal with the cell membrane for ion channel recording. SICM can be combined in one instrument with optical and fluorescent methods and allows drawing structure-function correlations. It can also be used for precise mechanical force measurements as well as vehicle to apply pressure with precision. This can be done on living cells and tissues for prolonged periods of time without them loosing viability. The SICM is a multifunctional instrument, and it is maturing rapidly and will open even more possibilities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Lab
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T. Wright
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Klenerman D, Shevchuk A, Novak P, Korchev YE, Davis SJ. Imaging the cell surface and its organization down to the level of single molecules. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 368:20120027. [PMID: 23267181 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the organization of key molecules on the surface of live cells in two dimensions and how this changes during biological processes, such as signalling, is a major challenge in cell biology and requires methods with nanoscale spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. Here, we review biophysical tools, based on scanning ion conductance microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence and the combination of both of these methods, which have recently been developed to address these issues. We then give examples of how these methods have been be applied to provide new insights into cell membrane organization and function, and discuss some of the issues that will need to be addressed to further exploit these methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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12
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Weber B, Schoenauer R, Papadopulos F, Modregger P, Peter S, Stampanoni M, Mauri A, Mazza E, Gorelik J, Agarkova I, Frese L, Breymann C, Kretschmar O, Hoerstrup SP. Engineering of living autologous human umbilical cord cell-based septal occluder membranes using composite PGA-P4HB matrices. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9630-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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