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Guo S, Jiang Y, Jiao J, Shi Y, Zhu T, Li L. Electrospun gelatin-based biomimetic scaffold with spatially aligned and three-layer architectures for vascular tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125039. [PMID: 37224900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spatial cellular alignment and multi-layer structure are vitally important for the physiological functions of natural blood vessels. However, the two features are difficult to be constructed in one scaffold simultaneously, especially in the small-diameter vascular scaffold. Here we report a general strategy to construct a gelatin-based biomimetic three-layer vascular scaffold with spatial alignment features mimicking the natural structure of blood vessels. By using a sequential electrospinning strategy combined with folding and rolling manipulation, a three-layer vascular scaffold with inner and middle layers spatially perpendicular to each other was obtained. The special features of this scaffold could fully mimic the natural multi-layer structures of blood vessels and also possess great potential for spatial arrangement guidance of corresponding cells in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhu Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Tan W, Boodagh P, Selvakumar PP, Keyser S. Strategies to counteract adverse remodeling of vascular graft: A 3D view of current graft innovations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1097334. [PMID: 36704297 PMCID: PMC9871289 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1097334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts are widely used for vascular surgeries, to bypass a diseased artery or function as a vascular access for hemodialysis. Bioengineered or tissue-engineered vascular grafts have long been envisioned to take the place of bioinert synthetic grafts and even vein grafts under certain clinical circumstances. However, host responses to a graft device induce adverse remodeling, to varied degrees depending on the graft property and host's developmental and health conditions. This in turn leads to invention or failure. Herein, we have mapped out the relationship between the design constraints and outcomes for vascular grafts, by analyzing impairment factors involved in the adverse graft remodeling. Strategies to tackle these impairment factors and counteract adverse healing are then summarized by outlining the research landscape of graft innovations in three dimensions-cell technology, scaffold technology and graft translation. Such a comprehensive view of cell and scaffold technological innovations in the translational context may benefit the future advancements in vascular grafts. From this perspective, we conclude the review with recommendations for future design endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Wei Tan,
| | - Parnaz Boodagh
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Sean Keyser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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3
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Small Diameter Cell-Free Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: Biomaterials and Manufacture Techniques to Reach Suitable Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173440. [PMID: 36080517 PMCID: PMC9460130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts (VGs) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a blood vessel. Available VGs in the market present low patency rates for small diameter applications setting the VG failure. This event arises from the inadequate response of the cells interacting with the biomaterial in the context of operative conditions generating chronic inflammation and a lack of regenerative signals where stenosis or aneurysms can occur. Tissue Engineered Vascular grafts (TEVGs) aim to induce the regeneration of the native vessel to overcome these limitations. Besides the biochemical stimuli, the biomaterial and the particular micro and macrostructure of the graft will determine the specific behavior under pulsatile pressure. The TEVG must support blood flow withstanding the exerted pressure, allowing the proper compliance required for the biomechanical stimulation needed for regeneration. Although the international standards outline the specific requirements to evaluate vascular grafts, the challenge remains in choosing the proper biomaterial and manufacturing TEVGs with good quality features to perform satisfactorily. In this review, we aim to recognize the best strategies to reach suitable mechanical properties in cell-free TEVGs according to the reported success of different approaches in clinical trials and pre-clinical trials.
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Furdella KJ, Higuchi S, Kim K, Doetschman T, Wagner WR, Vande Geest JP. ACUTE ELUTION OF TGFβ2 AFFECTS THE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN A COMPLIANCE-MATCHED VASCULAR GRAFT. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:640-650. [PMID: 35521649 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2) is a pleiotropic growth factor that plays a vital role in smooth muscle cell (SMC) function. Our prior in vitro work has shown that SMC response can be modulated with TGFβ2 stimulation in a dose dependent manner. In particular, we have shown that increasing concentrations of TGFβ2 shift SMCs from a migratory to a synthetic behavior. In this work, electrospun compliance-matched and hypocompliant TGFβ2-eluting TEVGs were implanted into Sprague Dawley rats for 5 days to observe SMC population and collagen production. TEVGs were fabricated using a combined computational and experimental approach that varied the ratio of gelatin:polycaprolactone to be either compliance-matched or twice as stiff as rat aorta (hypocompliant). TGFβ2 concentrations of 0, 10, 100 ng/mg were added to both graft types (n=3 in each group) and imaged in vivo using ultrasound. Histological markers (SMC, macrophage, collagen, and elastin) were evaluated following explantation at 5 days. In vivo ultrasound showed that compliance-matched TEVGs became stiffer as TGFβ2 increased (100 ng/mg TEVGS compared to rat aorta, p<0.01) while all hypocompliant grafts remained stiffer than control rat aorta. In vivo velocity and diameter were also not significantly different than control vessels. The compliance-matched 10 ng/mg group had an elevated SMC signal (myosin heavy chain) compared to the 0 and 100 ng/mg grafts (p=0.0009 & 0.0006 ). Compliance-matched TEVGs containing 100 ng/mg TGFβ2 had an increase in collagen production (p<0.01), general immune response (p<0.05), and a decrease in SMC population to the 0 and 10 ng/mg groups. All hypocompliant groups were found to be similar, suggesting a lower rate of TGFβ2 release in these TEVGs. Our results suggest that TGFβ2 can modulate in vivo SMC phenotype over an acute implantation period, which is consistent with our prior in vitro work. To the author's knowledge, this is first in vivo rat study that evaluates a TGFβ2-eluting TEVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth John Furdella
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 110071, Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Shinichi Higuchi
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 110071, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Kang Kim
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 110071, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Tom Doetschman
- University of Arizona Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology program, 242717, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - William R Wagner
- University of Pittsburgh, 6614, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Jonathan P Vande Geest
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 110071, Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
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Xu Y, Jiang X, Niu C, Yang S, Xiao X, Huang Z, Feng L. Preparation and Assessment of Nitric Oxide‐releasing Small‐diameter Collagen‐based Vascular Graft for Vascular Regeneration Application. MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Niu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
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Caballano-Infantes E, Cahuana GM, Bedoya FJ, Salguero-Aranda C, Tejedo JR. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Stem Cell Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030497. [PMID: 35326146 PMCID: PMC8944807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous biomolecule endogenously synthesized with an essential role in embryonic development and several physiological functions, such as regulating mitochondrial respiration and modulation of the immune response. The dual role of NO in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been previously reported, preserving pluripotency and cell survival or inducing differentiation with a dose-dependent pattern. In this line, high doses of NO have been used in vitro cultures to induce focused differentiation toward different cell lineages being a key molecule in the regenerative medicine field. Moreover, optimal conditions to promote pluripotency in vitro are essential for their use in advanced therapies. In this sense, the molecular mechanisms underlying stemness regulation by NO have been studied intensively over the current years. Recently, we have reported the role of low NO as a hypoxia-like inducer in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which supports using this molecule to maintain pluripotency under normoxic conditions. In this review, we stress the role of NO levels on stem cells (SCs) fate as a new approach for potential cell therapy strategies. Furthermore, we highlight the recent uses of NO in regenerative medicine due to their properties regulating SCs biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-I.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Gladys Margot Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Bedoya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Salguero-Aranda
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC-University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology-CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-I.); (J.R.T.)
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Immuno-regenerative biomaterials for in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering - Do patient characteristics warrant precision engineering? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113960. [PMID: 34481036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ tissue engineering using bioresorbable material implants - or scaffolds - that harness the patient's immune response while guiding neotissue formation at the site of implantation is emerging as a novel therapy to regenerate human tissues. For the cardiovascular system, the use of such implants, like blood vessels and heart valves, is gradually entering the stage of clinical translation. This opens up the question if and to what extent patient characteristics influence tissue outcomes, necessitating the precision engineering of scaffolds to guide patient-specific neo-tissue formation. Because of the current scarcity of human in vivo data, herein we review and evaluate in vitro and preclinical investigations to predict the potential role of patient-specific parameters like sex, age, ethnicity, hemodynamics, and a multifactorial disease profile, with special emphasis on their contribution to the inflammation-driven processes of in situ tissue engineering. We conclude that patient-specific conditions have a strong impact on key aspects of in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering, including inflammation, hemodynamic conditions, scaffold resorption, and tissue remodeling capacity, suggesting that a tailored approach may be required to engineer immuno-regenerative biomaterials for safe and predictive clinical applicability.
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Zilla P, Deutsch M, Bezuidenhout D, Davies NH, Pennel T. Progressive Reinvention or Destination Lost? Half a Century of Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:159. [PMID: 33033720 PMCID: PMC7509093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of tissue engineering evolved long before the phrase was forged, driven by the thromboembolic complications associated with the early total artificial heart programs of the 1960s. Yet more than half a century of dedicated research has not fulfilled the promise of successful broad clinical implementation. A historical account outlines reasons for this scientific impasse. For one, there was a disconnect between distinct eras each characterized by different clinical needs and different advocates. Initiated by the pioneers of cardiac surgery attempting to create neointimas on total artificial hearts, tissue engineering became fashionable when vascular surgeons pursued the endothelialisation of vascular grafts in the late 1970s. A decade later, it were cardiac surgeons again who strived to improve the longevity of tissue heart valves, and lastly, cardiologists entered the fray pursuing myocardial regeneration. Each of these disciplines and eras started with immense enthusiasm but were only remotely aware of the preceding efforts. Over the decades, the growing complexity of cellular and molecular biology as well as polymer sciences have led to surgeons gradually being replaced by scientists as the champions of tissue engineering. Together with a widening chasm between clinical purpose, human pathobiology and laboratory-based solutions, clinical implementation increasingly faded away as the singular endpoint of all strategies. Moreover, a loss of insight into the healing of cardiovascular prostheses in humans resulted in the acceptance of misleading animal models compromising the translation from laboratory to clinical reality. This was most evident in vascular graft healing, where the two main impediments to the in-situ generation of functional tissue in humans remained unheeded–the trans-anastomotic outgrowth stoppage of endothelium and the build-up of an impenetrable surface thrombus. To overcome this dead-lock, research focus needs to shift from a biologically possible tissue regeneration response to one that is feasible at the intended site and in the intended host environment of patients. Equipped with an impressive toolbox of modern biomaterials and deep insight into cues for facilitated healing, reconnecting to the “user needs” of patients would bring one of the most exciting concepts of cardiovascular medicine closer to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zilla
- Christiaan Barnard Division for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred Deutsch
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deon Bezuidenhout
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Pennel
- Christiaan Barnard Division for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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