1
|
Gaysynsky A, Senft Everson N, Heley K, Chou WYS. Perceptions of Health Misinformation on Social Media: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2024; 4:e51127. [PMID: 38687591 PMCID: PMC11094599 DOI: 10.2196/51127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health misinformation on social media can negatively affect knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, undermining clinical care and public health efforts. Therefore, it is vital to better understand the public's experience with health misinformation on social media. OBJECTIVE The goal of this analysis was to examine perceptions of the social media information environment and identify associations between health misinformation perceptions and health communication behaviors among US adults. METHODS Analyses used data from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=6252). Weighted unadjusted proportions described respondents' perceptions of the amount of false or misleading health information on social media ("perceived misinformation amount") and how difficult it is to discern true from false information on social media ("perceived discernment difficulty"). Weighted multivariable logistic regressions examined (1) associations of sociodemographic characteristics and subjective literacy measures with misinformation perceptions and (2) relationships between misinformation perceptions and health communication behaviors (ie, sharing personal or general health information on social media and using social media information in health decisions or in discussions with health care providers). RESULTS Over one-third of social media users (35.61%) perceived high levels of health misinformation, and approximately two-thirds (66.56%) reported high perceived discernment difficulty. Odds of perceiving high amounts of misinformation were lower among non-Hispanic Black/African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.407, 95% CI 0.282-0.587) and Hispanic (aOR 0.610, 95% CI 0.449-0.831) individuals compared to White individuals. Those with lower subjective health literacy were less likely to report high perceived misinformation amount (aOR 0.602, 95% CI 0.374-0.970), whereas those with lower subjective digital literacy were more likely to report high perceived misinformation amount (aOR 1.775, 95% CI 1.400-2.251). Compared to White individuals, Hispanic individuals had lower odds of reporting high discernment difficulty (aOR 0.620, 95% CI 0.462-0.831). Those with lower subjective digital literacy (aOR 1.873, 95% CI 1.478-2.374) or numeracy (aOR 1.465, 95% CI 1.047-2.049) were more likely to report high discernment difficulty. High perceived misinformation amount was associated with lower odds of sharing general health information on social media (aOR 0.742, 95% CI 0.568-0.968), using social media information to make health decisions (aOR 0.273, 95% CI 0.156-0.479), and using social media information in discussions with health care providers (aOR 0.460, 95% CI 0.323-0.655). High perceived discernment difficulty was associated with higher odds of using social media information in health decisions (aOR 1.724, 95% CI 1.208-2.460) and health care provider discussions (aOR 1.389, 95% CI 1.035-1.864). CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of high health misinformation prevalence and discernment difficulty are widespread among social media users, and each has unique associations with sociodemographic characteristics, literacy, and health communication behaviors. These insights can help inform future health communication interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaysynsky
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
- ICF Next, ICF, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Senft Everson
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn Heley
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Jongh D, Massey EK, Cronin AJ, Schermer MHN, Bunnik EM. Early-Phase Clinical Trials of Bio-Artificial Organ Technology: A Systematic Review of Ethical Issues. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10751. [PMID: 36388425 PMCID: PMC9659568 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has emerged as a novel alternative solution to organ failure which circumvents the issue of organ shortage. In preclinical research settings bio-artificial organs are being developed. It is anticipated that eventually it will be possible to launch first-in-human transplantation trials to test safety and efficacy in human recipients. In early-phase transplantation trials, however, research participants could be exposed to serious risks, such as toxicity, infections and tumorigenesis. So far, there is no ethical guidance for the safe and responsible design and conduct of early-phase clinical trials of bio-artificial organs. Therefore, research ethics review committees will need to look to related adjacent fields of research, including for example cell-based therapy, for guidance. In this systematic review, we examined the literature on early-phase clinical trials in these adjacent fields and undertook a thematic analysis of relevant ethical points to consider for early-phase clinical trials of transplantable bio-artificial organs. Six themes were identified: cell source, risk-benefit assessment, patient selection, trial design, informed consent, and oversight and accountability. Further empirical research is needed to provide insight in patient perspectives, as this may serve as valuable input in determining the conditions for ethically responsible and acceptable early clinical development of bio-artificial organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dide de Jongh
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Dide de Jongh,
| | - Emma K. Massey
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antonia J. Cronin
- Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maartje H. N. Schermer
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Kanter AFJ, Jongsma KR, Verhaar MC, Bredenoord AL. The Ethical Implications of Tissue Engineering for Regenerative Purposes: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B: REVIEWS 2022; 29:167-187. [PMID: 36112697 PMCID: PMC10122262 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Engineering (TE) is a branch of Regenerative Medicine (RM) that combines stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds to create living tissue constructs to restore patients' organs after injury or disease. Over the last decade, emerging technologies such as 3D bioprinting, biofabrication, supramolecular materials, induced pluripotent stem cells, and organoids have entered the field. While this rapidly evolving field is expected to have great therapeutic potential, its development from bench to bedside presents several ethical and societal challenges. To make sure TE will reach its ultimate goal of improving patient welfare, these challenges should be mapped out and evaluated. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the ethical implications of the development and application of TE for regenerative purposes, as mentioned in the academic literature. A search query in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PhilPapers yielded 2451 unique articles. After systematic screening, 237 relevant ethical and biomedical articles published between 2008 and 2021 were included in our review. We identified a broad range of ethical implications that could be categorized under 10 themes. Seven themes trace the development from bench to bedside: (1) animal experimentation, (2) handling human tissue, (3) informed consent, (4) therapeutic potential, (5) risk and safety, (6) clinical translation, and (7) societal impact. Three themes represent ethical safeguards relevant to all developmental phases: (8) scientific integrity, (9) regulation, and (10) patient and public involvement. This review reveals that since 2008 a significant body of literature has emerged on how to design clinical trials for TE in a responsible manner. However, several topics remain in need of more attention. These include the acceptability of alternative translational pathways outside clinical trials, soft impacts on society and questions of ownership over engineered tissues. Overall, this overview of the ethical and societal implications of the field will help promote responsible development of new interventions in TE and RM. It can also serve as a valuable resource and educational tool for scientists, engineers, and clinicians in the field by providing an overview of the ethical considerations relevant to their work. Impact statement To our knowledge, this is the first time that the ethical implications of Tissue Engineering (TE) have been reviewed systematically. By gathering existing scholarly work and identifying knowledge gaps, this review facilitates further research into the ethical and societal implications of TE and Regenerative Medicine (RM) and other emerging biomedical technologies. Moreover, it will serve as a valuable resource and educational tool for scientists, engineers, and clinicians in the field by providing an overview of the ethical considerations relevant to their work. As such, our review may promote successful and responsible development of new strategies in TE and RM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Floor Johanna de Kanter
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Stratenum 6.131, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3508 GA,
| | - Karin Rolanda Jongsma
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Philosophy, Rotterdam, Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ikonomou L, Magnusson M, Dries R, Herzog EL, Hynds RE, Borok Z, Park JA, Skolasinski S, Burgess JK, Turner L, Mojarad SM, Mahoney JE, Lynch T, Lehmann M, Thannickal VJ, Hook JL, Vaughan AE, Hoffman ET, Weiss DJ, Ryan AL. Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and disease 2021. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L341-L354. [PMID: 35762622 PMCID: PMC9484991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 9th biennial conference titled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" was hosted virtually, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in collaboration with the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. The event was held from July 12th through 15th, 2021 with a pre-conference workshop held on July 9th. As in previous years, the objectives remained to review and discuss the status of active research areas involving stem cells (SCs), cellular therapeutics, and bioengineering as they relate to the human lung. Topics included 1) technological advancements in the in situ analysis of lung tissues, 2) new insights into stem cell signaling and plasticity in lung remodeling and regeneration, 3) the impact of extracellular matrix in stem cell regulation and airway engineering in lung regeneration, 4) differentiating and delivering stem cell therapeutics to the lung, 5) regeneration in response to viral infection, and 6) ethical development of cell-based treatments for lung diseases. This selection of topics represents some of the most dynamic and current research areas in lung biology. The virtual workshop included active discussion on state-of-the-art methods relating to the core features of the 2021 conference, including in situ proteomics, lung-on-chip, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-airway differentiation, and light sheet microscopy. The conference concluded with an open discussion to suggest funding priorities and recommendations for future research directions in basic and translational lung biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Dries
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leigh Turner
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine Program In Public Health, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah M Mojarad
- Engineering in Society Program, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jamie L Hook
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan T Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arthurs JR, Nordan LM, Hultgren BH, Heckman MG, Martinez D, Master Z, Shapiro SA. Patients seeking stem cell therapies-a prospective qualitative analysis from a Regenerative Medicine Consult Service. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:20. [PMID: 35338147 PMCID: PMC8956610 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite patient demand for stem cell therapies (SCTs) for musculoskeletal conditions, there remains limited research on why patients seek SCTs or their sources of information. We employ three questions into a consult intake form: (1) Why are you interested in stem cell treatment for your condition? (2) How did you find out about stem cell treatment for your condition? (3) Have you contacted a stem cell clinic? Responses analyzed, using a qualitative content analysis approach to identify themes reveal many patients seek SCTs to treat pain or delay surgery which may align with some current clinical evidence while other patients express motivations as expected outcomes (e.g., SCTs are better than standard of care or can regenerate tissue) which are not supported by current medical evidence. These differences suggests that patient-centered counseling may help patients by addressing misconceptions and increasing health literacy about expected outcomes of SCTs for treating musculoskeletal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Nordan
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Brian H Hultgren
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dayana Martinez
- United States Navy, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zubin Master
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program and the Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Shane A Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matthews KRW, Kawam O, Sprung K, Perin EC, Master Z. Role of Physicians in Guiding Patients Away From Unproven Stem Cell Interventions. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:478691. [PMID: 35258626 DOI: 10.14503/thij-21-7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Kawam
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Zubin Master
- Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arthurs JR, Martin Lillie CM, Master Z, Shapiro SA. The Direct to Consumer Stem Cell Market and the Role of Primary Care Providers in Correcting Misinformation. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221121460. [PMID: 36112830 PMCID: PMC9476238 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct to consumer stem cell and regenerative interventions (SCRIs) for various medical conditions have increased in popularity due to unmet medical needs and the promise of SCRIs to meet those needs. These interventions may have varying levels of safety and efficacy data and many lack sufficient scientific data to be marketed. The direct to consumer SCRI industry has received significant attention due to potential physical, economic, and emotional harms to patients. Patients may seek the counsel of their primary care providers when considering stem cell therapy for their condition. METHODS Here we describe strategies primary care providers can utilize when counseling patients. RESULTS Although we recommend constructing these discussions around individual patients' needs, one can utilize a general approach consisting of 4 parts. First, providers should recognize what information the patient is seeking and what is their understanding of stem cell and regenerative medicine. Next, providers should convey evidence-based information at the level of patients understanding so that they are aware of the risks, benefits, and descriptions of possible procedures. Throughout the conversations, attempts should be made to guide patients to a trusted resource that can provide additional information. Finally, providers should make an effort to address misinformation in a way that is nonjudgmental and patient-centered to make the patient feel safe and comfortable. CONCLUSION Effectively communicating risk information by primary care providers to patients is important given the harms reported from direct-to-consumer SCRIs. Correcting misinformation remains a priority when discussing SCRI's. Providers should strive to offer patients with additional resources such as the opportunity for consultation with a specialist or a consultation service dedicated to informing patients about regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
8
|
Akkas F, Turner L, Richardson E. Adverse events related to unapproved stem cell products and other regenerative interventions: recommendations for more robust regulation of the direct-to-consumer marketplace. Regen Med 2021; 17:63-68. [PMID: 34927455 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Adverse events continue to occur in the direct-to-consumer market for unapproved regenerative interventions and US FDA alone cannot adequately address the problem. Other public health strategies are needed to provide better patient protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Akkas
- Senior Research Associate, Health Care Products Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Leigh Turner
- Professor, Department of Health, Society & Behavior; Program in Public Health, Member, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Anteater Instruction & Research Offices, 2nd Floor, 653 E. Peltason Dr., Irvine, CA 92697-3957, USA
| | - Elizabeth Richardson
- Director, Health Care Products Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith C, Crowley A, Munsie M, Behfar A, DeMartino ES, Staff NP, Shapiro SA, Master Z. Academic Physician Specialists' Approaches to Counseling Patients Interested in Unproven Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies-A Qualitative Analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:3086-3096. [PMID: 34454715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences, approaches, and challenges of physicians consulting patients about experimental stem cell and regenerative medicine interventions (SCRIs). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS From August 21, 2018, through July 30, 2019, semistructured interviews of 25 specialists in cardiology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, pulmonology, and neurology were conducted and qualitatively analyzed using modified grounded theory. RESULTS All specialists used informational approaches to counsel patients, especially orthopedists. Informational approaches included explaining stem cell science, sharing risks, and providing principles. Several specialists also used relational counseling approaches including emphasizing that physicians want what is best for patients, acknowledging suffering, reassuring continued care, empathizing with patients and families, and underscoring that patients have the final decision. Many specialists reported being comfortable with the conversation, although some were less comfortable and several noted challenges in the consultation including wanting to support a patient's decision but worrying about harms from unproven SCRIs, navigating family pressure, and addressing stem cell hype and unrealistic expectations. Specialists also desired that additional resources be available for them and patients. CONCLUSION Physicians relied more heavily on providing patients with information about SCRIs than using relational counseling approaches. Efforts should be directed at helping physicians address the informational and relational needs of patients, including providing tools and resources that inform physicians about the unproven SCRI industry, building skills in empathic communication, and the creation and dissemination of evidence-based resources to offer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cambray Smith
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aidan Crowley
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Megan Munsie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Erin S DeMartino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Shane A Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Zubin Master
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Finnoff JT, Awan TM, Borg-Stein J, Harmon KG, Herman DC, Malanga GA, Master Z, Mautner KR, Shapiro SA. American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement: Principles for the Responsible Use of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Medicine. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:530-541. [PMID: 34704973 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many sports medicine physicians are currently considering introducing regenerative medicine into their practice. Regenerative medicine and the subclassification of orthobiologics are a complicated topic and have produced widely varying opinions. Although there is concern by government regulators, clinicians, scientists, patient advocacy organizations, and the media regarding the use of regenerative medicine products, there is also excitement about the potential benefits with growing evidence that certain regenerative medicine products are safe and potentially efficacious in treating musculoskeletal conditions. Sports medicine physicians would benefit from decision-making guidance about whether to introduce orthobiologics into their practice and how to do it responsibly. The purpose of this position statement is to provide sports medicine physicians with information regarding regenerative medicine terminology, a brief review of basic science and clinical studies within the subclassification of orthobiologics, regulatory considerations, and best practices for introducing regenerative medicine into clinical practice. This information will help sports medicine physicians make informed and responsible decisions about the role of regenerative medicine and orthobiologics in their practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Finnoff
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tariq M Awan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joanne Borg-Stein
- Division of Sports and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly G Harmon
- Departments of Family Medicine and Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel C Herman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gerard A Malanga
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers School of Medicine-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Zubin Master
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program and the Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kenneth R Mautner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Shane A Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Master Z, Matthews KRW, Abou-El-Enein M. Unproven stem cell interventions: A global public health problem requiring global deliberation. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1435-1445. [PMID: 34107243 PMCID: PMC8190665 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unproven stem cell intervention (SCI) industry is a global health problem. Despite efforts of some nations, the industry continues to flourish. In this paper, we call for a global approach and the establishment of a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Advisory Committee on Regenerative Medicine to tackle this issue and provide guidance. The WHO committee can harmonize national regulations; promote regulatory approaches responsive to unmet patient needs; and formulate an education campaign against misinformation. Fostering an international dialog and developing recommendations that can be adopted by member states would effectively address the global market of unproven SCIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubin Master
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program and the Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Kirstin R W Matthews
- Baker Institute for Public Policy Center for Health and Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Joint USC/CHLA Cell Therapy Program, University of Southern California, and Children Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada S, Behfar A, Terzic A. Regenerative medicine clinical readiness. Regen Med 2021; 16:309-322. [PMID: 33622049 PMCID: PMC8050983 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, poised to transform 21st century healthcare, has aspired to enrich care options by bringing cures to patients in need. Science-driven responsible and regulated translation of innovative technology has enabled the launch of previously unimaginable care pathways adopted prudently for select serious diseases and disabilities. The collective resolve to advance the design, manufacture and validity of affordable regenerative solutions aims to democratize such health benefits for all. The objective of this Review is to outline the framework and prerequisites that underpin clinical readiness of regenerative care. Integrated research and development, specialized workforce education and accessible evidence-based practice implementation are at the core of realizing an equitable regenerative medicine vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Smith C, Crowley A, Munsie M, DeMartino ES, Staff NP, Shapiro S, Master Z. Academic physician specialists' views toward the unproven stem cell intervention industry: areas of common ground and divergence. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:348-356. [PMID: 33563545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Premature commercialization of unproven stem cell interventions (SCIs) has received significant attention within the regenerative medicine community. Patients considering SCIs may encounter misinformation and seek out guidance from their physicians who are trusted brokers of health information. However, little is known about the perspectives of academic physician specialists toward the SCI industry. The purpose of this study was to capture the attitudes of physician specialists with experience addressing patient questions about unproven SCIs. METHODS The authors undertook 25 semi-structured interviews with academic physicians in cardiology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, pulmonology and neurology primarily from one academic center. RESULTS The authors identified two major themes: concerns and mediators of appropriateness of offering SCIs as therapies to patients. Specialists were generally aware of the industry and reported scientific and commercial concerns, including the scientific uncertainty of SCIs, medical harms to patients, misleading marketing and its impact on patient informed consent and economic harms due to large out-of-pocket costs for patients. All specialists outside of orthopedics voiced that it was inappropriate to be offering SCIs to patients today. These views were informed by previously expressed concerns surrounding safety and properly informing patients, levels of evidence needed prior to offering SCIs therapeutically and desired qualifications for clinicians. Among the specialties, orthopedists reported that under certain conditions, SCIs may be appropriate for patients with limited clinical options but only when safety is adequate, expectations are managed and patients are well informed about the risks and chances of benefit. Most participants expressed a desire for phase 3 studies and Food and Drug Administration approval prior to marketing SCIs, but some also shared the challenges associated with upholding these thresholds of evidence, especially when caring for out-of-option patients. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results suggest that medical specialists are aware of the industry and express several concerns surrounding SCIs but differ in their views on the appropriateness and clinical evidence necessary for offering SCIs currently to patients. Additional educational tools may help physicians with patient engagement and expectation management surrounding SCIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cambray Smith
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aidan Crowley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan Munsie
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Centre for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Erin S DeMartino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shane Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Zubin Master
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Master Z, Crowley AP, Smith C, Wigle D, Terzic A, Sharp RR. Stem cell preservation for regenerative therapies: ethical and governance considerations for the health care sector. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:23. [PMID: 33298936 PMCID: PMC7708480 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell preservation industry has grown substantially with private businesses, public hospitals, and academic medical centers considering preserving induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and other cell types of patients and the public in order to potentially use them for stem cell therapy should such an intervention exist in the future. Despite this growth and interest among private firms and academic centers, no study has yet considered the bioethical issues of such platforms. In this article, we explore several ethical and social issues related to the biopreservation of stem cells for future regenerative therapies. We analyze a range of bioethical considerations that public and private institutions should bear in mind as they develop stem cell preservation platforms. These include medical validation of regenerative interventions and their influence on the public understanding of stem cell therapies, the impact of public trust of organizations creating a private, for-profit venture of stem cell preservation, and logistical issues in the governance of the collection including ownership and dispositional authority, informed consent and access, and withdrawal and non-payment. These considerations should be incorporated into current and future stem cell preservation platforms in order to promote the responsible translation of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubin Master
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Aidan P Crowley
- College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Cambray Smith
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Wigle
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard R Sharp
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Richardson E, Akkas F, Master Z. Evaluating the FDA regenerative medicine framework: opportunities for stakeholders. Regen Med 2020; 15:1825-1832. [PMID: 32815780 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Richardson
- Director, Health Care Products Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Farzana Akkas
- Senior Research Associate, Health Care Products Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Zubin Master
- Associate Professor, Biomedical Ethics Research Program & Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|