1
|
Roi A, Roi C, Negruțiu ML, Rusu LC, Riviș M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Periapical Cysts and Their Implications in Regenerative Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2436. [PMID: 37760877 PMCID: PMC10525783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells currently play an important role in the tissue engineering field in developing new regenerative approaches. The oral cavity is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells, and introducing the use of dental stem cells, characterized by a multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory activity and repair capacity, offers a good perspective for clinical dentistry. Human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) represent a new category of dental stem cells, being collected from pathological tissue and exhibiting MSCs-like properties. As studies have described, these new identified cells possess the same characteristics as those described in MSCs, exhibiting plasticity, a high proliferation rate and the potential to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and neural lineages. Reusing the biological tissue that is considered pathologic offers a new perspective for the development of further clinical applications. The identification and characterization of MSCs in the human periapical cysts allows for a better understanding of the molecular interactions, the potential healing capacity and the mechanisms of inducing the local osteogenic process, integrated in the microenvironment. Although their involvement in regenerative medicine research is recent, they exhibit important properties that refer them for the development of clinical applications in dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roi
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.R.); (L.C.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Roi
- Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Meda Lavinia Negruțiu
- Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.R.); (L.C.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mircea Riviș
- Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Roudsari PP, Aghayan H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Mafi AR, Nikandish M, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Application of Biocompatible Scaffolds in Stem-Cell-Based Dental Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:83-110. [PMID: 35999347 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering as an important field in regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic approach to replace or regenerate injured tissues. It consists of three vital steps including the selection of suitable cells, formation of 3d scaffolds, and adding growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are mentioned as two main sources for this approach that have been used for the treatment of various types of disorders. However, the main focus of literature in the field of dental tissue engineering is on utilizing MSCs. On the other hand, biocompatible scaffolds play a notable role in this regenerative process which is mentioned to be harmless with acceptable osteoinductivity. Their ability in inhibiting inflammatory responses also makes them powerful tools. Indeed, stem cell functions should be supported by biomaterials acting as scaffolds incorporated with biological signals. Naturally derived polymeric scaffolds and synthetically engineered polymeric/ceramic scaffolds are two main types of scaffolds regarding their materials that are defined further in this review. Various strategies of tissue bioengineering can affect the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex, periodontium regeneration, and whole teeth bioengineering. In this regard, in vivo/ex vivo experimental models have been developed recently in order to perform preclinical studies of dental tissue engineering which make it more transferable to be used for clinic uses. This review summarizes dental tissue engineering through its different components. Also, strategies of tissue bioengineering and experimental models are introduced in order to provide a perspective of the potential roles of dental tissue engineering to be used for clinical aims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA- CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alves CH, Russi KL, Rocha NC, Bastos F, Darrieux M, Parisotto TM, Girardello R. Host-microbiome interactions regarding peri-implantitis and dental implant loss. Lab Invest 2022; 20:425. [PMID: 36138430 PMCID: PMC9502891 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the ortho-aesthetic-functional rehabilitation had significant advances with the advent of implantology. Despite the success in implantology surgeries, there is a percentage of failures mainly due to in loco infections, through bacterial proliferation, presence of fungi and biofilm formation, originating peri-implantitis. In this sense, several studies have been conducted since then, seeking answers to numerous questions that remain unknown. Thus, the present work aims to discuss the interaction between host-oral microbiome and the development of peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis was associated with a diversity of bacterial species, being Porphiromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia described in higher proportion of peri-implantitis samples. In a parallel role, the injury of peri-implant tissue causes an inflammatory response mediated by activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. In summary, the host immune system activation may lead to imbalance of oral microbiota, and, in turn, the oral microbiota dysbiosis is reported leading to cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and proteolytic enzymes production. These biological processes may be responsible for implant loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Alves
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil
| | - Karolayne Larissa Russi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil
| | - Natália Conceição Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil
| | - Thais Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Girardello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular E Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade São Francisco, 218, São Francisco Ave., Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Zip code: # 12916900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular Biological Comparison of Dental Pulp- and Apical Papilla-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052615. [PMID: 35269758 PMCID: PMC8910327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the dental pulp and the apical papilla represent a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative endodontic protocols. The aim of this study was to outline molecular biological conformities and differences between dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). Thus, cells were isolated from the pulp and the apical papilla of an extracted molar and analyzed for mesenchymal stem cell markers as well as multi-lineage differentiation. During induced osteogenic differentiation, viability, proliferation, and wound healing assays were performed, and secreted signaling molecules were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Transcriptome-wide gene expression was profiled by microarrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene regulation was evaluated in the context of culture parameters and functionality. Both cell types expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and were able to enter various lineages. DPSC and SCAP showed no significant differences in cell viability, proliferation, or migration; however, variations were observed in the profile of secreted molecules. Transcriptome analysis revealed the most significant gene regulation during the differentiation period, and 13 biomarkers were identified whose regulation was essential for both cell types. DPSC and SCAP share many features and their differentiation follows similar patterns. From a molecular biological perspective, both seem to be equally suitable for dental pulp tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maxillofacial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characteristics and Progress in Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5516521. [PMID: 34426741 PMCID: PMC8379387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MFSCs) are a particular collective type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originate from the hard and soft tissue of the maxillofacial region. Recently, many types of MFSCs have been isolated and characterized. MFSCs have the common characteristics of being extremely accessible and amazingly multipotent and thus have become a promising stem cell resource in tissue regeneration. However, different MFSCs can give rise to different cell lineages, have different advantages in clinical use, and regulate the immune and inflammation microenvironment through paracrine mechanisms in different ways. Hence, in this review, we will concentrate on the updated new findings of all types of MFSCs in tissue regeneration and also introduce the recently discovered types of MFSCs. Important issues about proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, up-to-date clinical application, and paracrine effect of MFSCs in tissue regeneration will also be discussed. Our review may provide a better guide for the clinical use of MFSCs and further direction of research in MFSC regeneration medicine.
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng SW, Su YH, Lin YK, Wu YC, Huang YH, Yang FH, Chiang HJ, Yen Y, Wang PDY. Small blood stem cells for enhancing early osseointegration formation on dental implants: a human phase I safety study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:380. [PMID: 34215319 PMCID: PMC8254299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small blood stem cells (SB cells), isolated from human peripheral blood, demonstrated the ability to benefit bone regeneration and osseointegration. The primary goal of our study is to examine the safety and tolerability of SB cells in dental implantation for human patients with severe bone defects. Methods Nine patients were enrolled and divided into three groups with SB cell treatment doses of 1 × 105, 1 × 106, and 1 × 107 SB cells, and then evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scans to assess bone mineral density (BMD) by Hounsfield units (HU) scoring. Testing was conducted before treatment and on weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12 post dental implantation. Blood and comprehensive chemistry panel testing were also performed. Results No severe adverse effects were observed for up to 6-month trial. Grade 1 leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated liver function were observed, but related with the patient’s condition or the implant treatment itself and not the transplantation of SB cells. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by a multiplex immunological assay. Elevated levels of eotaxin, FGF2, MCP-1, MDC, and IL17a were found among patients who received SB cell treatment. This observation suggested SB cells triggered cytokines and chemokines for local tissue repair. To ensure the efficacy of SB cells in dental implantation, the BMD and maximum stresses via stress analysis model were measured through CT scanning. All patients who suffered from severe bone defect showed improvement from D3 level to D1 or D2 level. The HU score acceleration can be observed by week 2 after guided bone regeneration (GBR) and prior to dental implantation. Conclusions This phase I study shows that treatment of SB cells for dental implantation is well tolerated with no major adverse effects. The use of SB cells for accelerating the osseointegration in high-risk dental implant patients warrants further phase II studies. Trial registration Taiwan Clinical Trial Registry (SB-GBR001) and clinical trial registry of the United States (NCT04451486). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02461-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Research Center of Biostatistics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hung Yang
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Jen Chiang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Peter Da-Yen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bazina F, Brouxhon SM, Kyrkanides S. Reprogramming oral epithelial keratinocytes into a pluripotent phenotype for tissue regeneration. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1112-1121. [PMID: 34021738 PMCID: PMC8638285 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We set out to reprogram adult somatic oral epithelial keratinocytes into pluripotent cells for regenerative dentistry. Setting and Sample population Immortalized murine oral keratinocyte cell (IMOK) line raised from adult mouse mucosa were cultured in vitro in our studies. Materials and Methods Adult murine oral epithelial keratinocytes were chronically treated with TGF‐β1 in vitro, and the expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Nestin, as well as specific homeobox Gata and Pax gene family members were investigated. Results We documented the induction of stem factors linked with pluripotency and/or the maintenance and regulation of stem‐cell self‐renewal in oral epithelial keratinocytes by TGFβ1. Moreover, we discovered that this TGF‐β1‐induced increase in Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Nestin was inhibited by SB431542, suggesting that TGF‐β1 signals via the TGF‐βRI receptor to induce pluripotency and stemness. Conclusions Adult oral epithelial keratinocytes treated chronically with TGF‐β1 acquired phenotypic characteristics consistent with pluripotent stem cells, highlighting the facileness of reprogramming adult oral keratinocytes into an unlimited supply of pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayrouz Bazina
- Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sabine M Brouxhon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stephanos Kyrkanides
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chlorite oxidized oxyamylose differentially influences the microstructure of fibrin and self assembling peptide hydrogels as well as dental pulp stem cell behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5687. [PMID: 33707502 PMCID: PMC7952722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailored hydrogels mimicking the native extracellular environment could help overcome the high variability in outcomes within regenerative endodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the chemokine-binding and antimicrobial polymer, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), on the microstructural properties of fibrin and self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels. A further goal was to assess the influence of the microstructural differences between the hydrogels on the in vitro behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Structural and mechanical characterization of the hydrogels with and without COAM was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize their microstructure (roughness and fiber length, diameter, straightness, and alignment) and by nanoindentation to measure their stiffness (elastic modulus). Then, hDPSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels with and without COAM. Cell viability and circularity were determined using confocal microscopy, and proliferation was determined using DNA quantification. Inclusion of COAM did not alter the microstructure of the fibrin hydrogels at the fiber level while affecting the SAP hydrogel microstructure (homogeneity), leading to fiber aggregation. The stiffness of the SAP hydrogels was sevenfold higher than the fibrin hydrogels. The viability and attachment of hDPSCs were significantly higher in fibrin hydrogels than in SAP hydrogels. The DNA content was significantly affected by the hydrogel type and the presence of COAM. The microstructural stability after COAM inclusion and the favorable hDPSCs' response observed in fibrin hydrogels suggest this system as a promising carrier for COAM and application in endodontic regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Silk fibroin as a natural polymeric based bio-material for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2145-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Zafar MS, Amin F, Fareed MA, Ghabbani H, Riaz S, Khurshid Z, Kumar N. Biomimetic Aspects of Restorative Dentistry Biomaterials. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5030034. [PMID: 32679703 PMCID: PMC7557867 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic has emerged as a multi-disciplinary science in several biomedical subjects in recent decades, including biomaterials and dentistry. In restorative dentistry, biomimetic approaches have been applied for a range of applications, such as restoring tooth defects using bioinspired peptides to achieve remineralization, bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials, and tissue engineering for regeneration. Advancements in the modern adhesive restorative materials, understanding of biomaterial–tissue interaction at the nano and microscale further enhanced the restorative materials’ properties (such as color, morphology, and strength) to mimic natural teeth. In addition, the tissue-engineering approaches resulted in regeneration of lost or damaged dental tissues mimicking their natural counterpart. The aim of the present article is to review various biomimetic approaches used to replace lost or damaged dental tissues using restorative biomaterials and tissue-engineering techniques. In addition, tooth structure, and various biomimetic properties of dental restorative materials and tissue-engineering scaffold materials, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14-8618888
| | - Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhmmad Amber Fareed
- Adult Restorative Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials and Prosthodontics Oman Dental College, Muscat 116, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samiya Riaz
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudia Arabia;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan J, Wang X, Ma D, Gao H, Zheng D, Zhang J. Resveratrol rescues TNF‑α‑induced inhibition of osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells via the ERK1/2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2085-2094. [PMID: 32186753 PMCID: PMC7115248 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disorder affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth, which can lead to the destruction of periodontal tissue and tooth loss. Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin, exerts multiple biological effects. For example, its anti-inflammatory activity has been widely studied for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease for a number of years. However, its effect on bone repair and new bone formation in an inflammatory microenvironment is not well understood. Accordingly, the effect of resveratrol on inflammation-affected human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) requires further investigation. In the present study, the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), resveratrol, or the combination of both on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved, were investigated. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin red staining, Oil Red O staining, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used in the present study. It was demonstrated that resveratrol enhanced hPDLSC osteogenesis and reversed the inhibitory effects of TNF-α on this process. Further mechanistic studies indicated that resveratrol exerted anti-inflammatory activity by activating the ERK1/2 pathway, decreasing the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α, and enhancing hPDLSCs osteogenesis. The present study suggested that resveratrol may be a novel and promising therapeutic choice for periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakan Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dehua Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shah D, Lynd T, Ho D, Chen J, Vines J, Jung HD, Kim JH, Zhang P, Wu H, Jun HW, Cheon K. Pulp-Dentin Tissue Healing Response: A Discussion of Current Biomedical Approaches. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020434. [PMID: 32033375 PMCID: PMC7074340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic process results in root canal and/or periapical infections, and conventionally treated with root canal procedures. The more recent regenerative endodontic procedure intends to achieve effective root canal disinfection and adequate pulp–dentin tissue regeneration; however, numerous limitations are reported. Because tooth is composed of vital soft pulp enclosed by the mineralized hard tissue in a highly organized structure, complete pulp–dentin tissue regeneration has been challenging to achieve. In consideration of the limitations and unique dental anatomy, it is important to understand the healing and repair processes through inflammatory-proliferative-remodeling phase transformations of pulp–dentin tissue. Upon cause by infectious and mechanical stimuli, the innate defense mechanism is initiated by resident pulp cells including immune cells through chemical signaling. After the expansion of infection and damage to resident pulp–dentin cells, consequent chemical signaling induces pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to migrate to the injury site to perform the tissue regeneration process. Additionally, innovative biomaterials are necessary to facilitate the immune response and pulp–dentin tissue regeneration roles of MSCs. This review highlights current approaches of pulp–dentin tissue healing process and suggests potential biomedical perspective of the pulp–dentin tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dishant Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Donald Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jeremy Vines
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Hwi-Dong Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodeamun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Il-San-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 26426, Korea;
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-975-4303
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cytokine release kinetics of concentrated growth factors in different scaffolds. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1663-1671. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Polverini PJ, Krebsbach PH. Research and Discovery Science and the Future of Dental Education and Practice. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:eS97-eS107. [PMID: 28864810 DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental graduates of 2040 will face new and complex challenges. If they are to meet these challenges, dental schools must develop a research and discovery mission that will equip graduates with the new knowledge required to function in a modern health care environment. The dental practitioner of 2040 will place greater emphasis on risk assessment, disease prevention, and health maintenance; and the emerging discipline of precision medicine and systems biology will revolutionize disease diagnosis and reveal new targeted therapies. The dental graduate of 2040 will be expected to function effectively in a collaborative, learning health care system and to understand the impact of health care policy on local, national, and global communities. Emerging scientific fields such as big data analytics, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and advanced biomimetics will impact dental practice. Despite all the warning signs indicating how the changing scientific and heath care landscape will dramatically alter dental education and dental practice, dental schools have yet to reconsider their research and educational priorities and clinical practice objectives. Until dental schools and the practicing community come to grips with these challenges, this persistent attitude of complacency will likely be at the dental profession's peril. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Polverini
- Dr. Polverini is Jonathan Taft Distinguished University Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School; and Dr. Krebsbach is Dean and Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry.
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Dr. Polverini is Jonathan Taft Distinguished University Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School; and Dr. Krebsbach is Dean and Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haeri M, Sagomonyants K, Mina M, Kuhn LT, Goldberg AJ. Enhanced differentiation of dental pulp cells cultured on microtubular polymer scaffolds in vitro. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:94-105. [PMID: 29457125 PMCID: PMC5813827 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most common chronic disease. Dental tissue engineering is a promising alternative approach to alleviate the shortcomings of the currently available restorative materials. Mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) could enhance the performance of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we developed microtubular (~20 μm diameter) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) scaffolds resembling the tubular (~2.5 μm diameter) structure of dentin, the collagen-based mineralized tissue that forms the major portion of teeth, to study the effect of scaffold architecture on differentiation of mouse dental pulp cells in vitro. Flat (control), plasma-treated solid and microtubular PMMA scaffolds with densities of 240±15, 459±51 and 480±116 tubules/mm2 were first characterized using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. Dental pulp cells were cultured on the surface of the scaffolds for up to 21 days and examined using various assays. Cell proliferation and mineralization were examined using Alamar Blue and Xylenol Orange (XO) staining assays, respectively. The differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblasts was examined by immunostaining for Nestin and by quantitative PCR analysis for dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and osteocalcin (Ocn). Our results showed that the highest tubular density scaffolds significantly (p<0.05) enhanced differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblasts as compared to control flat scaffolds, as evidenced by increased expression of Nestin (5.4x). However, mineralization was suppressed on all surfaces, possibly due to low cell density. These results suggest that the microtubular architecture may be a desirable feature of scaffolds developed for clinical applications. LAY SUMMARY Regenerative engineering of diseased or traumatized tooth structure could avoid the deficiencies of traditional dental restorative (filling) materials. Cells in the dental pulp have the potential to differentiate to dentin-producing odontoblast cells. Furthermore, cell-supporting scaffolds that mimic a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are known to influence behavior of progenitor cells. Accordingly, we hypothesized that a dentin-like microtubular scaffold would enhance differentiation of dental pulp cells. The hypothesis was proven true and differentiation to odontoblasts increased with increasing density of the microtubules. However, mineralization was suppressed, possibly due to a low density of cells. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of a microtubular scaffold design to promote odontoblast cells for regeneration of dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Haeri
- Instrumental Evaluation, L'Oreal USA, 30 Terminal Ave., Clark, NJ, 07066
| | - Karen Sagomonyants
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA, 06030
| | - Mina Mina
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA, 06030
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- Center for Biomaterials, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA, 06030
| | - A Jon Goldberg
- Center for Biomaterials, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA, 06030
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amrollahi P, Shah B, Seifi A, Tayebi L. Recent advancements in regenerative dentistry: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1383-90. [PMID: 27612840 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although human mouth benefits from remarkable mechanical properties, it is very susceptible to traumatic damages, exposure to microbial attacks, and congenital maladies. Since the human dentition plays a crucial role in mastication, phonation and esthetics, finding promising and more efficient strategies to reestablish its functionality in the event of disruption has been important. Dating back to antiquity, conventional dentistry has been offering evacuation, restoration, and replacement of the diseased dental tissue. However, due to the limited ability and short lifespan of traditional restorative solutions, scientists have taken advantage of current advancements in medicine to create better solutions for the oral health field and have coined it "regenerative dentistry." This new field takes advantage of the recent innovations in stem cell research, cellular and molecular biology, tissue engineering, and materials science etc. In this review, the recently known resources and approaches used for regeneration of dental and oral tissues were evaluated using the databases of Scopus and Web of Science. Scientists have used a wide range of biomaterials and scaffolds (artificial and natural), genes (with viral and non-viral vectors), stem cells (isolated from deciduous teeth, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, adipose tissue, salivary glands, and dental follicle) and growth factors (used for stimulating cell differentiation) in order to apply tissue engineering approaches to dentistry. Although they have been successful in preclinical and clinical partial regeneration of dental tissues, whole-tooth engineering still seems to be far-fetched, unless certain shortcomings are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amrollahi
- Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA
| | - Brinda Shah
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Amir Seifi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jamal HA. Tooth Organ Bioengineering: Cell Sources and Innovative Approaches. Dent J (Basel) 2016; 4:dj4020018. [PMID: 29563460 PMCID: PMC5851265 DOI: 10.3390/dj4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various treatment approaches for restoring missing teeth are being utilized nowadays by using artificial dental crowns/bridges or the use of dental implants. All aforementioned restorative modalities are considered to be the conventional way of treating such cases. Although these artificial therapies are commonly used for tooth loss rehabilitation, they are still less conservative, show less biocompatibility and fail to restore the natural biological and physiological function. Adding to that, they are considered to be costly due to the risk of failure and they also require regular maintenance. Regenerative dentistry is currently considered a novel therapeutic concept with high potential for a complete recovery of the natural function and esthetics of teeth. Biological-cell based dental therapies would involve replacement of teeth by using stem cells that will ultimately grow a bioengineered tooth, thereby restoring both the biological and physiological functions of the natural tooth, and are considered to be the ultimate goal in regenerative dentistry. In this review, various stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for tooth organ bioengineering will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A Jamal
- Independent Researcher, Ibrahim Al- Jaffali, Awali, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin Z, Rios HF, Cochran DL. Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol 2016; 86:S134-52. [PMID: 25644297 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since the first successful application of regenerative therapy for treatment of periodontal diseases. Despite being feasible, periodontal regeneration still faces numerous challenges, and complete restoration of structure and function of the diseased periodontium is often considered an unpredictable task. This review highlights developing basic science and technologies for potential application to achieve reconstruction of the periodontium. A comprehensive search of the electronic bibliographic database PubMed was conducted to identify different emerging therapeutic approaches reported to influence either biologic pathways and/or tissues involved in periodontal regeneration. Each citation was assessed based on its abstract, and the full text of potentially eligible reports was retrieved. Based on the review of the full papers, their suitability for inclusion in this report was determined. In principle, only reports from scientifically well-designed studies that presented preclinical in vivo (animal studies) or clinical (human studies) evidence for successful periodontal regeneration were included. Hence, in vitro studies, namely those conducted in laboratories without any live animals, were excluded. In case of especially recent and relevant reviews with a narrow focus on specific regenerative approaches, they were identified as such, and thereby the option of referring to them to summarize the status of a specific approach, in addition to or instead of listing each separately, was preserved. Admittedly, the presence of subjectivity in the selection of studies to include in this overview cannot be excluded. However, it is believed that the contemporary approaches described in this review collectively represent the current efforts that have reported preclinical or clinical methods to successfully enhance regeneration of the periodontium. Today's challenges facing periodontal regenerative therapy continue to stimulate important research and clinical development, which, in turn, shapes the current concept of periodontal tissue engineering. Emerging technologies--such as stem cell therapy, bone anabolic agents, genetic approaches, and nanomaterials--also offer unique opportunities to enhance the predictability of current regenerative surgical approaches and inspire development of novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang KC, Kitamura Y, Wu CC, Chang HH, Ling TY, Kuo TF. Tooth Germ-Like Construct Transplantation for Whole-Tooth Regeneration: An In Vivo Study in the Miniature Pig. Artif Organs 2015; 40:E39-50. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology; College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Matsumoto Dental University; Nagano Japan
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics; National Taiwan University Hospital; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics; En Chu Kong Hospital; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Institute of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Paduano F. The regenerative medicine in oral and maxillofacial surgery: the most important innovations in the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:72-7. [PMID: 25552921 PMCID: PMC4278878 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of biotechnology that combines various aspects of medicine, cell and molecular biology, materials science and bioengineering in order to regenerate, repair or replace tissues. The oral surgery and maxillofacial surgery have a role in the treatment of traumatic or degenerative diseases that lead to a tissue loss: frequently, to rehabilitate these minuses, you should use techniques that have been improved over time. Since 1990, we started with the use of growth factors and platelet concentrates in oral and maxillofacial surgery; in the following period we start to use biomaterials, as well as several type of scaffolds and autologous tissues. The frontier of regenerative medicine nowadays is represented by the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): overcoming the ethical problems thanks to the use of mesenchymal stem cells from adult patient, and with the increasingly sophisticated technology to support their manipulation, MSCs are undoubtedly the future of medicine regenerative and they are showing perspectives unimaginable just a few years ago. Most recent studies are aimed to tissues regeneration using MSCs taken from sites that are even more accessible and rich in stem cells: the oral cavity turned out to be an important source of MSCs with the advantage to be easily accessible to the surgeon, thus avoiding to increase the morbidity of the patient. The future is the regeneration of whole organs or biological systems consisting of many different tissues, starting from an initial stem cell line, perhaps using innovative scaffolds together with the nano-engineering of biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- 1. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy ; 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomaterials test unit, Crotone, Italy
| | - Massimo Marrelli
- 1. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy ; 2. Calabrodental clinic, Biomaterials test unit, Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- 1. Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai WF, Oka K, Jung HS. Advanced functional polymers for regenerative and therapeutic dentistry. Oral Dis 2014; 21:550-7. [PMID: 25098817 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Use of ceramics and polymers continues to dominate clinical procedures in modern dentistry. Polymers have provided the basis for adhesives, tissue void fillers, and artificial replacements for whole teeth. They have been remarkably effective in the clinic at restoration of major dental functions after damage or loss of teeth. With the rapid development of polymer science, dental materials science has significantly lagged behind in harnessing these advanced polymer products. What they offer is new and unique properties superior to traditional polymers and crucially a range of properties that more closely match natural biomaterials. Therefore, we should pursue more vigorously the benefits of advanced polymers in dentistry. In this review, we highlight how the latest generation of advanced polymers will enhance the application of materials in the dental clinic using numerous promising examples. Polymers have a broad range of applications in modern dentistry. Some major applications are to construct frameworks that mimic the precise structure of tissues, to restore tooth organ function, and to deliver bioactive agents to influence cell behavior from the inside. The future of polymers in dentistry must include all these new enhancements to increase biological and clinical effectiveness beyond what can be achieved with traditional biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-F Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H-S Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu SM, Chiu HC, Chin YT, Lin HY, Chiang CY, Tu HP, Fu MMJ, Fu E. Effects of enamel matrix derivative on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:52. [PMID: 24739572 PMCID: PMC4076631 DOI: 10.1186/scrt441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have recently been harvested and applied for rebuilding lost periodontal tissue. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used for periodontal regeneration and the formation of new cementum with inserting collagen fibers; however, alveolar bone formation is minimal. Recently, EMD has been shown to enhance the proliferation and mineralization of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Because the gingival flap is the major component to cover the surgical wound, the effects of EMD on the proliferation and mineralization of GMSCs were evaluated in the present study. METHODS After single cell suspension, the GMSCs were isolated from the connective tissues of human gingiva. The colony forming unit assay of the isolated GMSCs was measured. The expression of stem cell markers was examined by flow cytometry. The cellular telomerase activity was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The osteogenic, adipogenic and neural differentiations of the GMSCs were further examined. The cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay, while the expression of mRNA and protein for mineralization (including core binding factor alpha, cbfα-1; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; and osteocalcin, OC; ameloblastin, AMBN) were analyzed by real time-PCR, enzyme activity and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS The cell colonies could be easily identified and the colony forming rates and the telomerase activities increased after passaging. The GMSCs expressed high levels of surface markers for CD73, CD90, and CD105, but showed low expression of STRO-1. Osteogenic, adipogenic and neural differentiations were successfully induced. The proliferation of GMSCs was increased after EMD treatment. ALP mRNA was significantly augmented by treating with EMD for 3 hours, whereas AMBN mRNA was significantly increased at 6 hours after EMD treatment. The gene expression of OC was enhanced at the dose of 100 μg/ml EMD at day 3. Increased protein expression for cbfα-1 at day 3, for ALP at day 5 and 7, and for OC at week 4 after the EMD treatments were observed. CONCLUSIONS Human GMSCs could be successfully isolated and identified. EMD treatments not only induced the proliferation of GMSCs but also enhanced their osteogenic differentiation after induction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cantore S, Mirgaldi R, Ballini A, Coscia MF, Scacco S, Papa F, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, De Vito D. Cytokine gene polymorphisms associate with microbiogical agents in periodontal disease: our experience. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:674-9. [PMID: 24843315 PMCID: PMC4025165 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontics has evolved from a simplistic model to a more complex interplay between infection and host response. Genetic factors have been a new addition to the list of risk factors for periodontal diseases. The processes leading to destruction and regeneration of the destroyed tissues are of great interest to both researchers and clinicians. The selective susceptibility of subjects for periodontitis has remained an enigma and wide varieties of risk factors have been implicated for the manifestation and progression of periodontitis. Emerging pathway models suggest that gene-environment interactions are etiologically important in disease pathogenesis. The current practical utility of genetic knowledge in periodontitis is limited. Allelic variants at multiple gene loci probably influence periodontitis susceptibility. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key modulator of host responses to microbial infection and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption, and polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster have been associated with an increased risk of developing severe adult periodontitis. The aim of this study was to test if polymorphisms of genes of IL-1α(+4845) and IL-1β(+3954) were linked with periodontitis, in a case-control study population, delimited to a specific geographic area, in association with microbiological findings. The polymorphisms observed in IL-1α(+4845) and IL-1β(+3954) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was significantly different among the study groups (healthy controls, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis with p<0.05, d.f.=1. We found a significant correlation between the severe form of periodontitis and the presence of composite genotype (p < 0.05, d.f.=1, calculated among healthy vs. severe). Furthermore a statistically significant association between the presence of bacteria and periodontitis was detected (p<0.05, d.f.=1). In the current investigation findings were concordant with literature observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cantore
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mirgaldi
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Franca Coscia
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Papa
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- 2. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- 2. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Danila De Vito
- 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wigler R, Kaufman AY, Lin S, Steinbock N, Hazan-Molina H, Torneck CD. Revascularization: a treatment for permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and incomplete root development. J Endod 2013; 39:319-26. [PMID: 23402501 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp, with or without apical pathosis, poses several clinical challenges. There is a risk of inducing a dentin wall fracture or extending gutta-percha into the periapical tissue during compaction of the root canal filling. Although the use of calcium hydroxide apexification techniques or the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical stop has the potential to minimize apical extrusion of filling material, they do little in adding strength to the dentin walls. It is a well-established fact that in reimplanted avulsed immature teeth, revascularization of the pulp followed by continued root development can occur under ideal circumstances. At one time it was believed that revascularization was not possible in immature permanent teeth that were infected. METHODS An in-depth search of the literature was undertaken to review articles concerned with regenerative procedures and revascularization and to glean recommendations regarding the indications, preferred medications, and methods of treatment currently practiced. RESULTS Disinfection of the root canal and stimulation of residual stem cells can induce formation of new hard tissue on the existing dentin wall and continued root development. CONCLUSIONS Although the outcome of revascularization procedures remains somewhat unpredictable and the clinical management of these teeth is challenging, when successful, they are an improvement to treatment protocols that leave the roots short and the walls of the root canal thin and prone to fracture. They also leave the door open to other methods of treatment in addition to extraction, when they fail to achieve the desired result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Wigler
- Endodontics and Dental Traumatology Department, Graduate School of Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Insausti CL, Iniesta F, Blanquer M, Ramírez MDC, Meseguer L, Meseguer-Henarejos AB, Marín N, Martínez S, Moraleda JM. Mesenchymal dental stem cells in regenerative dentistry. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e1062-7. [PMID: 22926467 PMCID: PMC3505703 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, tissue engineering is a field that has been suffering an enormous expansion in the regenerative medicine and dentistry. The use of cells as mesenchymal dental stem cells of easy access for dentist and oral surgeon, immunosuppressive properties, high proliferation and capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and other cells implicated in the teeth, suppose a good perspective of future in the clinical dentistry. However, is necessary advance in the known of growth factors and signalling molecules implicated in tooth development and regeneration of different structures of teeth. Furthermore, these cells need a fabulous scaffold that facility their integration, differentiation, matrix synthesis and promote multiple specific interactions between cells.
In this review, we give a brief description of tooth development and anatomy, definition and classification of stem cells, with special attention of mesenchymal stem cells, commonly used in the cellular therapy for their trasdifferentiation ability, non ethical problems and acceptable results in preliminary clinical trials.
In terms of tissue engineering, we provide an overview of different types of mesenchymal stem cells that have been isolated from teeth, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), growth factors implicated in regeneration teeth and types of scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration.
Key words:Dental stem cells, regenerative dentistry, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco-Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Unidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar 3, 0120 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu H, Xie C, Zhao YM, Chen FM. Translational research and therapeutic applications of stem cell transplantation in periodontal regenerative medicine. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:205-29. [PMID: 23031442 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x656171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have received a great deal of interest from the research community as potential therapeutic "tools" for a variety of chronic debilitating diseases that lack clinically effective therapies. Stem cells are also of interest for the regeneration of tooth-supporting tissues that have been lost to periodontal disease. Indeed, substantial data have demonstrated that the exogenous administration of stem cells or their derivatives in preclinical animal models of periodontal defects can restore damaged tissues to their original form and function. As we discuss here, however, considerable hurdles must be overcome before these findings can be responsibly translated to novel clinical therapies. Generally, the application of stem cells for periodontal therapy in clinics will not be realized until the best cell(s) to use, the optimal dose, and an effective mode of administration are identified. In particular, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of stem cells after transplantation in the periodontium and to learn how to preciously control stem cell fates in the pathological environment around a tooth. From a translational perspective, we outline the challenges that may vary across preclinical models for the evaluation of stem cell therapy in situations that require periodontal reconstruction and the safety issues that are related to clinical applications of human stem cells. Although clinical trials that use autologous periodontal ligament stem cells have been approved and have already been initiated, proper consideration of the technical, safety, and regulatory concerns may facilitate, rather than inhibit, the clinical translation of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary field that aims at the in vitro engineering of tissues and organs by integrating science and technology of cells, materials and biochemical factors. Mimicking the natural extracellular matrix is one of the critical and challenging technological barriers, for which scaffold engineering has become a prime focus of research within the field of TE. Amongst the variety of materials tested, silk fibroin (SF) is increasingly being recognized as a promising material for scaffold fabrication. Ease of processing, excellent biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties and tailorable degradability of SF has been explored for fabrication of various articles such as films, porous matrices, hydrogels, nonwoven mats, etc., and has been investigated for use in various TE applications, including bone, tendon, ligament, cartilage, skin, liver, trachea, nerve, cornea, eardrum, dental, bladder, etc. The current review extensively covers the progress made in the SF-based in vitro engineering and regeneration of various human tissues and identifies opportunities for further development of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kasoju
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goodis HE, Kinaia BM, Kinaia AM, Chogle SMA. Regenerative endodontics and tissue engineering: what the future holds? Dent Clin North Am 2012; 56:677-89. [PMID: 22835545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The work performed by researchers in regenerative endodontics and tissue engineering over the last decades has been superb; however, many questions remain to be answered. The basic biologic mechanisms must be elucidated that will allow the development of dental pulp and dentin in situ. Stress must be placed on the many questions that will lead to the design of effective, safe treatment options and therapies. This article discusses those questions, the answers to which may become the future of regenerative endodontics. The future remains bright, but proper support and patience are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Goodis
- The Boston University Institute for Dental Research and Education, PO Box 505097, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fomina N, McFearin CL, Sermsakdi M, Morachis JM, Almutairi A. Low power, biologically benign NIR light triggers polymer disassembly. Macromolecules 2011; 44:8590-8597. [PMID: 22096258 PMCID: PMC3215095 DOI: 10.1021/ma201850q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) irradiation can penetrate up to 10 cm deep into tissues and be remotely applied with high spatial and temporal precision. Despite its potential for various medical and biological applications, there is a dearth of biomaterials that are responsive at this wavelength region. Herein we report a polymeric material that is able to disassemble in response to biologically benign levels of NIR irradiation upon two-photon absorption. The design relies on the photolysis of the multiple pendant 4-bromo7-hydroxycoumarin protecting groups to trigger a cascade of cyclization and rearrangement reactions leading to the degradation of the polymer backbone. The new material undergoes a 50% Mw loss after 25 sec of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by single photon absorption and 21 min of NIR irradiation via two-photon absorption. Most importantly, even NIR irradiation at biologically benign laser power is sufficient to cause significant polymer disassembly. Furthermore, this material is well tolerated by cells both before and after degradation. These results demonstrate for the first time a NIR sensitive material with potential to be used for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Fomina
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Cathryn L. McFearin
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Marleen Sermsakdi
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - José M. Morachis
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| |
Collapse
|