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El-Gendi H, Abu-Serie MM, Kamoun EA, Saleh AK, El-Fakharany EM. Statistical optimization and characterization of fucose-rich polysaccharides extracted from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) along with antioxidant and antiviral activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123372. [PMID: 36706886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active phytochemicals from pumpkin reveal versatile medical applications, though little is known about their antiviral activity. The fucose-rich polysaccharide extraction conditions were optimized through Box-Behnken design and purified by column chromatography. The purified fucose-rich polysaccharide was characterized through SEM, FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, and GS-MS. The analysis results revealed an irregular and porous surface of the purified polysaccharide with high fucose, rhamnose, galactose, and glucose contents. The tested fucose-rich polysaccharides revealed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at very low concentrations. The purified fucose-rich polysaccharides exerted a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against both DNA and RNA viruses, accompanied by high safety toward normal cells, where the maximum safe doses (EC100) were estimated to be about 3-3.9 mg/mL for both Vero and PBMC cell lines. Treatment of HCV, ADV7, HSV1, and HIV viruses with the purified polysaccharides showed a potent dose-dependent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 95.475, 20.96, 5.213, and 461.75 μg/mL, respectively. This activity was hypothesized to be through inhibiting the viral entry in HCV infection and inhibiting the reverse transcriptase activity in HIV. The current study firstly reported the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of Cucurbita maxima fucose-rich polysaccharide against several viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Richards C, Williams NA, Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS, Park AY. Oral Fucoidan Attenuates Lung Pathology and Clinical Signs in a Severe Influenza a Mouse Model. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E246. [PMID: 32397317 PMCID: PMC7281568 DOI: 10.3390/md18050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are known to be effective inhibitors of inflammation, and of virus binding and cellular entry. Undaria pinnatifida-derived fucoidan (UPF) was assessed in a severe influenza A (H1N1, PR8) infection model in mice. Initially, UPF was gavaged at 3.52 mg daily in a treatment model. Gross lung pathology (consolidation) was significantly reduced as compared to controls. UPF was then presented as a feed supplement at a rate of either nil, 3.52 mg/day or 7.04 mg/day in a prophylactic model, dosed three days before infection. A significant improvement was observed in the clinical signs of ill-health, as well as a reduction in gross lung pathology in animals treated with the higher dose, although there was no significant reduction in lung viral titres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Helen Fitton
- Marinova, 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (A.Y.P)
| | - Damien N. Stringer
- Marinova, 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (A.Y.P)
| | - Samuel S. Karpiniec
- Marinova, 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (A.Y.P)
| | - Ah Young Park
- Marinova, 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (A.Y.P)
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Sakai-Sugino K, Uematsu J, Kamada M, Taniguchi H, Suzuki S, Yoshimi Y, Kihira S, Yamamoto H, Kawano M, Tsurudome M, O'Brien M, Itoh M, Komada H. Glycyrrhizin inhibits human parainfluenza virus type 2 replication by the inhibition of genome RNA, mRNA and protein syntheses. Drug Discov Ther 2017; 11:246-252. [PMID: 29070744 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effect of glycyrrhizin on the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) was examined. Cell fusion induced by hPIV-2 was inhibited by glycyrrhizin, and glycyrrhizin reduced the number of viruses released from the cells. Glycyrrhizin did not change cell morphology at 1 day of culture, but caused some damage at 4 days, as determined by the effect on actin microfilaments. However, it affected the cell viability at 1 day: about 20% of the cells were not alive by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 1 day of culture. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR showed that virus genome synthesis was largely inhibited. mRNA synthesis was also inhibited by glycyrrhizin. Viral protein synthesis was largely inhibited as observed by an indirect immunofluorescence study. Multinucleated giant cell formation was studied using a recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing hPIV-2 without matrix protein (rhPIV-2ΔMGFP). A few single cells with fluorescence were observed, but the formation of giant cells was completely blocked. Taken together, it was shown that viral genome, mRNA and protein syntheses, including F and HN proteins, were inhibited by glycyrrhizin, and consequently multinucleated giant cell formation was not observed and the infectious virus was not detected in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sakai-Sugino
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Jun Uematsu
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Miyuki Kamada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Hiroe Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Yumiko Yoshimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Sahoko Kihira
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Mitsuo Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Myles O'Brien
- Graduate School of Mie Prefectural College of Nursing
| | | | - Hiroshi Komada
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Suzuka University of Medical Science
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Kihira S, Uematsu J, Kawano M, Itoh A, Ookohchi A, Satoh S, Maeda Y, Sakai K, Yamamoto H, Tsurudome M, O'Brien M, Komada H. Ribavirin inhibits human parainfluenza virus type 2 replication in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:628-35. [PMID: 25154465 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activities of eight nucleoside analog antiviral drugs (ribavirin, acyclovir, lamivudine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, penciclovir and ganciclovir) against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) were investigated. Only ribavirin (RBV) inhibited both cell fusion and hemadsorption induced by hPIV-2. RBV considerably reduced the number of viruses released from the cells. Virus genome synthesis was inhibited by RBV, as determined by real time PCR. An indirect immunofluorescence study showed that RBV largely inhibited viral protein synthesis. mRNAs of the proteins were not detected, indicating that inhibition of protein synthesis was caused by transcription inhibition by RBV. Using a recombinant green fluorescence protein-expressing hPIV-2 without matrix protein, it was found that RBV did not completely inhibit virus entry into the cells; however, it almost completely blocked multinucleated giant cell formation. RBV did not disrupt actin microfilaments and microtubules. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of RBV is caused by inhibition of both virus genome and mRNA synthesis, resulting in inhibition of virus protein synthesis, viral replication and multinucleated giant cell formation (extensive cell-to-cell spreading of the virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahoko Kihira
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Uematsu J, Koyama A, Takano S, Ura Y, Tanemura M, Kihira S, Yamamoto H, Kawano M, Tsurudome M, O’Brien M, Komada H. Legume lectins inhibit human parainfluenza virus type 2 infection by interfering with the entry. Viruses 2012; 4:1104-15. [PMID: 22852043 PMCID: PMC3407897 DOI: 10.3390/v4071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three lectins with different sugar binding specificities were investigated for anti-viral activity against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2). The lectins, concanavalin A (Con A), lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), inhibited cell fusion and hemadsorption induced by hPIV-2. Virus nucleoprotein (NP) gene synthesis was largely inhibited, but fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene syntheses were not. An indirect immunofluorescence study showed that Con A inhibited virus NP, F and HN protein syntheses, but LCA did not completely inhibit them, and that PNA inhibited only NP protein synthesis. Using a recombinant green fluorescence protein-expressing hPIV-2, without matrix protein (rghPIV-2ΔM), it was found that virus entry into the cells was not completely prevented. The lectins considerably reduced the number of viruses released compared with that of virus infected cells. The lectins bound to cell surface within 10 min, and many aggregates were observed at 30 min. Con A and LCA slightly disrupted actin microfilaments and microtubules, but PNA had almost no effect on them. These results indicated that the inhibitory effects of the lectins were caused mainly by the considerable prevention of virus adsorption to the cells by the lectin binding to their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Uematsu
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1, Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan;
| | - Aoi Koyama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan; (A.K.; S.T.; Y.U.; M.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Takano
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan; (A.K.; S.T.; Y.U.; M.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Yukari Ura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan; (A.K.; S.T.; Y.U.; M.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Miho Tanemura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan; (A.K.; S.T.; Y.U.; M.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Sahoko Kihira
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan; (A.K.; S.T.; Y.U.; M.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan;
| | - Mitsuo Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Myles O’Brien
- Graduate School of Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, 1-1-1 Yumegaoka, Tsu, Mie, 514-0116, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Komada
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1, Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ; Tel: +81-59-383-8991; Fax: +81-59-383-9666
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Mori N, Nakasone K, Tomimori K, Ishikawa C. Beneficial effects of fucoidan in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2225-30. [PMID: 22611316 PMCID: PMC3351773 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i18.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of fucoidan, a complex sulfated polysaccharide extract from marine seaweed, on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA load both in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: HCV-1b replicon-expressing cells were cultured in the presence of fucoidan obtained from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida cultivated in Okinawa, Japan, and quantified the level of HCV replication. In an open-label uncontrolled study, 15 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and HCV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with fucoidan (0.83 g/d) for 12 mo. The clinical symptoms, biochemical tests, and HCV RNA levels were assessed before, during, and after treatment.
RESULTS: Fucoidan dose-dependently inhibited the expression of HCV replicon. At 8-10 mo of treatment with fucoidan, HCV RNA levels were significantly lower relative to the baseline. The same treatment also tended to lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and the latter correlated with HCV RNA levels. However, the improved laboratory tests did not translate into significant clinical improvement. Fucoidan had no serious adverse effects.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that fucoidan is safe and useful in the treatment of patients with HCV-related chronic liver diseases. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Therapies from fucoidan; multifunctional marine polymers. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1731-1760. [PMID: 22072995 PMCID: PMC3210604 DOI: 10.3390/md9101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Published research on fucoidans increased three fold between 2000 and 2010. These algal derived marine carbohydrate polymers present numerous valuable bioactivities. This review discusses the role for fucoidan in the control of acute and chronic inflammation via selectin blockade, enzyme inhibition and inhibiting the complement cascade. The recent data on toxicology and uptake of fucoidan is detailed together with a discussion on the comparative activities of fractions of fucoidan from different sources. Recent in vivo, in vitro and clinical research related to diverse clinical needs is discussed. Targets include osteoarthritis, kidney and liver disease, neglected infectious diseases, hemopoietic stem cell modulation, protection from radiation damage and treatments for snake envenomation. In recent years, the production of well characterized reproducible fucoidan fractions on a commercial scale has become possible making therapies from fucoidan a realizable goal.
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Yamamoto H, Ura Y, Tanemura M, Koyama A, Takano S, Uematsu J, Kawano M, Tsurudome M, O'Brien M, Komada H. Inhibitory Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukari Ura
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Miho Tanemura
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Aoi Koyama
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Sayaka Takano
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Jun Uematsu
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Mitsuo Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Myles O'Brien
- Graduate School of Mie Prefectural College of Nursing
| | - Hiroshi Komada
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Nutrition, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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