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Li J, Bai L, Wei F, Zhao J, Wang D, Xiao Y, Yan W, Wei J. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines Against Insulin Resistance: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31258478 PMCID: PMC6587894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin sensitivity is reduced and the insulin signaling pathway is impaired. Although often expressed as an increase in insulin concentration, the disease is characterized by a decrease in insulin action. This increased workload of the pancreas and the consequent decompensation are not only the main mechanisms for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also exacerbate the damage of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and others. Many clinical trials have suggested the potential role of herbs in the treatment of insulin resistance, although most of the clinical trials included in this review have certain flaws and bias risks in their methodological design, including the generation of randomization, the concealment of allocation, blinding, and inadequate reporting of sample size estimates. These studies involve not only the single-flavored herbs, but also herbal formulas, extracts, and active ingredients. Numerous of in vitro and in vivo studies have pointed out that the role of herbal medicine in improving insulin resistance is related to interventions in various aspects of the insulin signaling pathway. The targets involved in these studies include insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Improved insulin sensitivity upon treatment with herbal medicine provides considerable prospects for treating insulin resistance. This article reviews studies of the target mechanisms of herbal treatments for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weitian Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu-Mei-Wan Reduces Insulin Resistance via Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in HepG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7283241. [PMID: 28928791 PMCID: PMC5591966 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7283241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wu-Mei-Wan (WMW) is a Chinese herbal formula used to treat type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of WMW on insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were pretreated with palmitate (0.25 mM) to impair the insulin signaling pathway. Then, they were treated with different doses of WMW-containing medicated serum and stimulated with 100 nM insulin. Results showed that palmitate could reduce the glucose consumption rate in HepG2 cells and impair insulin signaling related to phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), thereby regulating the downstream signaling pathways. However, medicated serum of WMW restored impaired insulin signaling, upregulated the expression of phospho-IR (pIR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit, phosphoprotein kinase B, and glucose transporter 4, and decreased IRS serine phosphorylation. In addition, it decreased the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, which are the key proinflammatory cytokines involved in insulin resistance; besides, it reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. These results suggested that WMW could alleviate palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Wu J, Hu Y, Xiang L, Li S, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang W, Meng X, Wang P. San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Constituents Exert Drug-Drug Interaction of Mutual Reinforcement at Both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Level: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:448. [PMID: 27965575 PMCID: PMC5124576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders underlie varieties of human diseases. San-Huang-Xie-xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed with Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), and Radix Scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), is a famous formula which has been widely used in the fight against inflammatory abnormalities. Mutual reinforcement is one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Here this article reviewed and analyzed the recent research on (1) How the main constituents of SHXXT impact on inflammation-associated signaling pathway molecules. (2) The interaction between the main constituents and efflux pumps or intestinal transporters. The goal of this work was to, (1) Provide evidence to support the theory of mutual reinforcement. (2) Clarify the key targets of SHXXT and suggest which targets need further investigation. (3) Give advice for the clinical use of SHXXT to elevated the absorption of main constituents and eventually promote oral bioavailability. We search literatures in scientific databases with key words of “each main SHXXT constituent,” in combination with “each main inflammatory pathway target molecule” or each main intestinal transporter, respectively. We report the effect of five main constituents on target molecules which lies in three main inflammatory signaling pathways, we as well investigate the interaction between constituents and intestinal transporter. We conclude, (1) The synergistic effect of constituents at both levels confirm the mutual reinforcement theory of TCM as it is proven in this work. (2) The effect of main constituents on downstream targets in nuclear need more further investigation. (3) Drug elevating the absorption of rhein, berberine and baicalein can be employed to promote oral bioavailability of SHXXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Wenge Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
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Zhang Y, Jin L, Chen Q, Wu Z, Dong Y, Han L, Wang T. Hypoglycemic activity evaluation and chemical study on hollyhock flowers. Fitoterapia 2015; 102:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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