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Valim Parca A, Godoy Pieri NC, Fantinato Neto P, Fernandes Bressan F, Ambrósio CE, Santos Martins DD. Comparative Analysis of Fluorescent Labeling Techniques for Tracking Canine Amniotic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:183-192. [PMID: 38411508 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The utmost aim of regenerative medicine is to promote the regeneration of injured tissues using stem cells. Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AmMSCs) have been used in several studies mainly because of their easy isolation from amniotic tissue postpartum and immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties and the low level of rejection. These cells share characteristics of both embryonic/fetal and adult stem cells and are particularly advantageous because they do not trigger tumorigenic activity when injected into immunocompromised animals. The large-scale use of AmMSCs for cellular therapies would greatly benefit from fluorescence labeling studies to validate their tracking in future therapies. This study evaluated the fluorophore positivity, fluorescence intensity, and longevity of canine AmMSCs. For this purpose, canine AmMSCs from the GDTI/USP biobank were submitted to three labeling conditions, two commercial fluorophores [CellTrace CFSE Cell Proliferation kit - CTrace, and CellTracker Green CMFDA - CTracker (CellTracker Green CMFDA, CT, #C2925, Molecular Probes®; Life Technologies)] and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression after lentiviral transduction, to select the most suitable tracer in terms of adequate persistence and easy handling and analysis that could be used in studies of domestic animals. Fluorescence was detected in all groups; however, the patterns were different. Specifically, CTrace and CTracker fluorescence was detected 6 h after labeling, while GFP was visualized no earlier than 48 h after transduction. Flow cytometry analysis revealed more than 70% of positive cells on day 7 in the CTrace and CTracker groups, while fluorescence decreased significantly to 10% or less on day 20. Variations between repetitions were observed in the GFP group under the present conditions. Our results showed earlier fluorescence detection and more uniform results across repetitions for the commercial fluorophores. In contrast, fluorescence persisted for more extended periods in the GFP group. These results indicate a promising direction for assessing the roles of canine AmMSCs in regenerative medicine without genomic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Valim Parca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Banihashemian SA, Zamanlui Benisi S, Hosseinzadeh S, Shojaei S, Abbaszadeh HA. Chitosan/Hyaluronan and Alginate-Nanohydroxyapatite Biphasic Scaffold as a Promising Matrix for Osteoarthritis Disorders. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:176-191. [PMID: 38585453 PMCID: PMC10997938 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Regenerative medicine offers new techniques for osteoarthritis (OA) disorders, especially while considering simultaneous chondral and subchondral regenerations. Methods Chitosan and hyaluronan were chemically bound as the chondral phase and the osteogenic layer was prepared with alginate and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP). These scaffolds were fixed by fibrin glue as a biphasic scaffold and then examined. Results Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the porosity of 61.45±4.51 and 44.145±2.81 % for the subchondral and chondral layers, respectively. The composition analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) indicated the various elements of both hydrogels. Also, their mechanical properties indicated that the highest modulus and resistance values corresponded to the biphasic hydrogel as 108.33±5.56 and 721.135±8.21 kPa, despite the same strain value as other groups. Their individual examinations demonstrated the proteoglycan synthesis of the chondral layer and also, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the subchondral layer as 13.3±2.2 ng. After 21 days, the cells showed a mineralized surface and a polygonal phenotype, confirming their commitment to bone and cartilage tissues, respectively. Immunostaining of collagen I and II represented greater extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in the biphasic composite group due to the paracrine effect of the two cell types on each other. Conclusion For the first time, the ability of this biphasic scaffold to regenerate both tissue types was evaluated and the results showed satisfactory cellular commitment to bone and cartilage tissues. Thus, this scaffold can be considered a new strategy for the preparation of implants for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abdolvahab Banihashemian
- Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Department, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Zamanlui Benisi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Esmaeili A, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Co-culture engineering: a promising strategy for production of engineered extracellular vesicle for osteoarthritis treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38200606 PMCID: PMC10782541 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a significant factor in intercellular communication in different disease treatments, including osteoarthritis (OA). Compared to the conventional approaches in treating OA, EV therapy is a non-invasive and cell-free method. However, improving the yield of EVs and their therapeutic effects are the main challenges for clinical applications. In this regard, researchers are using the EV engineering potential to overcome these challenges. New findings suggest that the co-culture strategy as an indirect EV engineering method efficiently increases EV production and quality. The co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has improved their chondrogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and regenerative properties which are mediated by EVs. Hence, co-culture engineering by considerable systems could be useful in producing engineered EVs for different therapeutic applications. Here, we review various co-culture approaches, including diverse direct and indirect, 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as static and dynamic systems. Meanwhile, we suggest and discuss the advantages of combined strategies to achieve engineered EVs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Esmaeili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Q, Zhou W, Yang F, Shi J. Sericin nano-gel agglomerates mimicking the pericellular matrix induce the condensation of mesenchymal stem cells and trigger cartilage micro-tissue formation without exogenous stimulation of growth factors in vitro. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6480-6491. [PMID: 37671745 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are excellent seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Though the condensation of MSCs is the first step of their differentiation into chondrocytes in skeletal development, the process is a challenge in cartilage repairing by MSCs. The pericellular matrix (PCM), a distinct region surrounding the chondrocytes, acts as an extracellular linker among cells and forms the microenvironment of chondrocytes. Inspired by this, sericin nano-gel soft-agglomerates were prepared and used as linkers to induce MSCs to assemble into micro-spheres and differentiate into cartilage-like micro-tissues without exogenous stimulation of growth factors. These sericin nano-gel soft-agglomerates are composed of sericin nano-gels prepared by the chelation of metal ions and sericin protein. The MSCs cultured on 2D culture plates self-assembled into cell-microspheres centered by sericin nano-gel agglomerates. The self-assembly progress of MSCs is superior to the traditional centrifugation to achieve MSC condensation due to its facility, friendliness to MSCs and avoidance of the side-effects of growth factors. The analysis of transcriptomic results suggested that sericin nano-gel agglomerates offered a soft mechanical stimulation to MSCs similar to that of the PCM to chondrocytes and triggered some signaling pathways as associated with MSC chondrogenesis. The strategy of utilizing biomaterials to mimic the PCM as a linker and as a mechanical micro-environment and to induce cell aggregation and trigger the differentiation of MSCs can be employed to drive 3D cellular organization and micro-tissue fabrication in vitro. These cartilage micro-masses reported in this study can be potential candidates for cartilage repairing, cellular building blocks for 3D bio-printing and a model for cartilage development and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Futing Yang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jifeng Shi
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Hassan TA, Maher MA, El Karmoty AF, Ahmed ZSO, Ibrahim MA, Rizk H, Reyad AT. Auricular cartilage regeneration using different types of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits. Biol Res 2022; 55:40. [PMID: 36572914 PMCID: PMC9791760 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilaginous disorders comprise a wide range of diseases that affect normal joint movement, ear and nose shape; and they have great social and economic impact. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a promising regeneration alternative for treatment of degenerative cartilaginous disorders. This study aimed to compare therapeutic potential of different types of laser activated MSCs to promote auricular cartilage regeneration. Twelve adult rabbit allocated equally in four groups, all animals received a surgical mid auricular cartilage defect in one ear; Group I (Positive control) injected sub-perichondrially with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Group II (ADMSC-transplanted group) injected adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs), Group III (BMMSCs-transplanted group) received bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs), and Group IV (EMSC-transplanted group) received ear MSCs (EMSCs) in the defected ear. The auricular defect was analyzed morphologically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically after 4 weeks. In addition, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine expression of the collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan as cartilage growth factors. RESULTS The auricles of all treatments appeared completely healed with smooth surfaces and similar tissue color. Histopathologically, defective areas of control positive group, ADMSCs and EMSCs treated groups experienced a small area of immature cartilage. While BMMSCs treated group exhibited typical features of new cartilage formation with mature chondrocytes inside their lacunae and dense extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, BMMSC treated group showed a positive reaction to Masson's trichrome and orcein stains. In contrary, control positive, ADMSC and EMSC groups revealed faint staining with Masson's trichrome and Orcein. Immunohistochemically, there was an intense positive S100 expression in BMMSCs (with a significant increase of area percentage + 21.89 (P < 0.05), a moderate reaction in EMSCs (with an area percentage + 17.97, and a mild reaction in the control group and ADMSCs (area percentages + 8.02 and + 11.37, respectively). The expression of relative col II and aggrecan was substantially highest in BMMSCs (± 0.91 and ± 0.89, respectively). While, Control positive, ADMSCs and EMSCs groups recorded (± 0.41: ± 0.21, ± 0.6: ± 0.44, ± 0.61: ± 0.63) respectively. CONCLUSION BMMSCs showed the highest chondrogenic potential compared to ADMSCs and EMSCs and should be considered the first choice in treatment of cartilaginous degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Ahmed Hassan
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Maher
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Amr Fekry El Karmoty
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ,King Salman International University, South Sinai, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Ayman Tolba Reyad
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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Esmaeili A, Hosseini S, Kamali A, Hosseinzadeh M, Shekari F, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Co-aggregation of MSC/chondrocyte in a dynamic 3D culture elevates the therapeutic effect of secreted extracellular vesicles on osteoarthritis in a rat model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19827. [PMID: 36400827 PMCID: PMC9674636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis (OA). Some recent strategies could elevate EV's therapeutic properties including cell aggregation, co-culture, and 3D culture. It seems that a combination of these strategies could augment EV production and therapeutic potential. The current study aims to evaluate the quantity of EV yield and the therapeutic effect of EVs harvested from rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aggregates, chondrocyte aggregates, and their co-aggregates in a dynamic 3D culture in a rat osteoarthritis model. MSC and chondrocytes were aggregated and co-aggregated by spinner flasks, and their conditioned medium was collected. EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and characterized in terms of size, morphology and surface markers. The chondrogenic potential of the MSC-ag, Cho-ag and Co-ag EVs on MSC micromass differentiation in chondrogenic media were assessed by qRT-PCR, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. 50 μg of MSC-ag-EVs, Cho-ag-EVs and Co-ag-EVs was injected intra-articularly per knee of OA models established by monoiodoacetate in rats. After 8 weeks follow up, the knee joints were harvested and analyzed by radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical features. MSC/chondrocyte co-aggregation in comparison to MSC or chondrocyte aggregation could increase EV yield during dynamic 3D culture by spinner flasks. Although MSC-ag-, Cho-ag- and Co-ag-derived EVs could induce chondrogenesis similar to transforming growth factor-beta during in vitro study, Co-ag-EV could more effectively prevent OA progression than MSC-ag- and Cho-ag-EVs. Our study demonstrated that EVs harvested from the co-aggregation of MSCs and chondrocytes could be considered as a new therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Esmaeili
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ,grid.444904.90000 0004 9225 9457Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ,grid.417689.5Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseinzadeh
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- grid.417689.5Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ,grid.444904.90000 0004 9225 9457Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Banerjee D, Singh YP, Datta P, Ozbolat V, O'Donnell A, Yeo M, Ozbolat IT. Strategies for 3D bioprinting of spheroids: A comprehensive review. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cell Behavior on Peptide-Immobilized Substrate with Cell Aggregation Inducing Property. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates have been applied in various fields such as regenerative medicine and drug toxicity testing. We have shown that H-(Lys-Pro)12-OH (KP24), a repeating sequence of lysine (Lys) and proline (Pro), induces uniformly sized cell aggregates simply by its presence in cell suspension. In this study, we considered that this peptide could be applied to a three-dimensional culture substrate that can induce uniform cell aggregates by immobilizing it on the substrate. Therefore, mouse fibroblasts (L929) were seeded on KP24-immobilized glass substrates and cell behavior was observed. We also seeded human-derived cells, namely, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), on KP24-immobilized substrates and characterized their cell assemblies. Furthermore, KP24 was chemically immobilized on the substrate surface, which allowed us to trace the mechanism of KP24–cell interaction. As a mechanism analysis of the cell aggregation ability of KP24, we investigated whether KP24 interacts with the cell surface without being incorporated into the cell.
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Zheng K, Ma Y, Chiu C, Pang Y, Gao J, Zhang C, Du D. Co-culture pellet of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:386. [PMID: 35907866 PMCID: PMC9338579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions. In this study, directly co-cultured rat costal chondrocytes (CCs) and human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem (hWJMSCs) cells were evaluated as a candidate to regenerate articular cartilage. METHODS Rat CCs are directly co-cultured with hWJMSCs in a pellet model at different ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) for 21 days. The monoculture pellets were used as controls. RT-qPCR, biochemical assays, histological staining and evaluations were performed to analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of each group. The 1:1 ratio co-culture pellet group together with monoculture controls were implanted into the osteochondral defects made on the femoral grooves of the rats for 4, 8, 12 weeks. Then, macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS Compared to rat CCs pellet group, 3:1 and 1:1 ratio group demonstrated similar extracellular matrix production but less hypertrophy intendency. Immunochemistry staining found the consistent results. RT-PCR analysis indicated that chondrogenesis was promoted in co-cultured rat CCs, while expressions of hypertrophic genes were inhibited. However, hWJMSCs showed only slightly improved in chondrogenesis but not significantly different in hypertrophic expressions. In vivo experiments showed that all the pellets filled the defects but co-culture pellets demonstrated reduced hypertrophy, better surrounding cartilage integration and appropriate subchondral bone remodeling. CONCLUSION Co-culture of rat CCs and hWJMSCs demonstrated stable chondrogenic phenotype and decreased hypertrophic intendency in both vitro and vivo. These results suggest this co-culture combination as a promising candidate in articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yiyang Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Dajiang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Pothiawala A, Sahbazoglu BE, Ang BK, Matthias N, Pei G, Yan Q, Davis BR, Huard J, Zhao Z, Nakayama N. GDF5+ chondroprogenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells preferentially form permanent chondrocytes. Development 2022; 149:dev196220. [PMID: 35451016 PMCID: PMC9245189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established in the mouse model that during embryogenesis joint cartilage is generated from a specialized progenitor cell type, distinct from that responsible for the formation of growth plate cartilage. We recently found that mesodermal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells gave rise to two types of chondrogenic mesenchymal cells in culture: SOX9+ and GDF5+ cells. The fast-growing SOX9+ cells formed in vitro cartilage that expressed chondrocyte hypertrophy markers and readily underwent mineralization after ectopic transplantation. In contrast, the slowly growing GDF5+ cells derived from SOX9+ cells formed cartilage that tended to express low to undetectable levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers, but expressed PRG4, a marker of embryonic articular chondrocytes. The GDF5+-derived cartilage remained largely unmineralized in vivo. Interestingly, chondrocytes derived from the GDF5+ cells seemed to elicit these activities via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses suggested that GDF5+ cells might contain a teno/ligamento-genic potential, whereas SOX9+ cells resembled neural crest-like progeny-derived chondroprogenitors. Thus, human pluripotent stem cell-derived GDF5+ cells specified to generate permanent-like cartilage seem to emerge coincidentally with the commitment of the SOX9+ progeny to the tendon/ligament lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Pothiawala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Berke E. Sahbazoglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan K. Ang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kindlin-2 Promotes Chondrogenesis and Ameliorates IL-1beta-Induced Inflammation in Chondrocytes Cocultured with BMSCs in the Direct Contact Coculture System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3156245. [PMID: 35450413 PMCID: PMC9018182 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3156245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The osteoarthritis caused by trauma or inflammation is associated with severe patient morbidity and economic burden. Accumulating studies are focusing on the repair of articular cartilage defects by constructing tissue-engineered cartilage. Recent evidence suggests that optimizing the source and quality of seed cells is one of the key points of cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we demonstrated that Kindlin-2 and its activated PI3K/AKT signaling played an essential role in promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and ameliorating IL-1beta-induced inflammation in chondrocytes cocultured with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo experiments revealed that coculture significantly promoted hyaline cartilage regeneration. In vitro studies further uncovered that chondrocytes cocultured with BMSCs in the direct contact coculture system upregulated Kindlin-2 expression and subsequently activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which not only increases Sox9 and Col2 expression but also restores mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ROS levels and apoptosis under inflammatory conditions. Overall, our findings indicated that direct contact BMSC-chondrocyte coculture system could promote chondrogenesis, and identified Kindlin-2 represents a key regulator in this process.
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Posniak S, Chung JHY, Liu X, Mukherjee P, Gambhir S, Khansari A, Wallace GG. Bioprinting of Chondrocyte Stem Cell Co-Cultures for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5908-5920. [PMID: 35224351 PMCID: PMC8867593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in 3D bioprinting allows not only controlled deposition of cells or cell-laden hydrogels but also flexibility in creating constructs that match the anatomical features of the patient. This is especially the case for reconstructing the pinna (ear), which is a large feature of the face and made from elastic cartilage that primarily relies on diffusion for nutrient transfer. The selection of cell lines for reconstructing this cartilage becomes a crucial step in clinical translation. Chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells are both studied extensively in the area of cartilage regeneration as they are capable of producing cartilage in vitro. However, such monoculture systems involve unfavorable processes and produce cartilage with suboptimal characteristics. Co-cultures of these cell types are known to alleviate these limitations to produce synergically active chondrocytes and cartilage. The current study utilized a 3D bioprinted scaffold made from combined gelatine methacryloyl and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (GelMA/HAMA) to interrogate monocultures and co-cultures of human septal chondrocytes (primary chondrocytes, PCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs). This study is also the first to examine co-cultures of healthy human chondrocytes with human BM-hMSCs encapsulated in GelMA/HAMA bioprinted scaffolds. Findings revealed that the combination of MSCs and PCs not only yielded cell proliferation that mimicked MSCs but also produced chondrogenic expressions that mimicked PCs. These findings suggested that co-cultures of BM-hMSCs and healthy septal PCs can be employed to replace monocultures in chondrogenic studies for cartilage regeneration in this model. The opportunity for MSCs used to replace PCs alleviates the requirement of large cartilage biopsies that would otherwise be needed for sufficient cell numbers and therefore can be employed for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Posniak
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Johnson H. Y. Chung
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- ENT
Research Lead, RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Sanjeev Gambhir
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Afsaneh Khansari
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer
Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Marchan J, Wittig O, Diaz-Solano D, Gomez M, Cardier JE. Enhanced chondrogenesis from chondrocytes co-cultured on mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for cartilage repair. Injury 2022; 53:399-407. [PMID: 34670674 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy based on chondrocytes implantation is the most widely used procedure for inducing cartilage regeneration. However, the dedifferentiation process that these cells suffer and their limited capacity of proliferation, when they are cultured in vitro, restrict their use in cellular therapy protocols. To investigate the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to promote chondrogenesis from chondrocytes or chondrons in 2D and 3D coculture systems. Murine chondrocytes and chondrons were cocultured with MSCs at different cell ratios (100/0, 50/50, 70/30, 0/100) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. High proliferation of cells with chondrocyte morphology, enhanced GAG production and expression of cartilage genes (aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX-9) were observed in chondrocytes/MSCs cocultures. In contrast, fibroblastoid cells, down-regulation of cartilage gene expression and reduction of GAG production were observed in chondrons/MSCs cocultures. Chondrocytes within cartilage lacunae and surrounded by extracellular matrix were observed in chondrocytes/MSC pellets. MSCs promote the proliferation of functional chondrocytes in 2D and 3D culture systems. Transplantation of chondrogenic construct based on MSCs and chondrocytes may constitute a potential treatment for inducing cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marchan
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Olga Wittig
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Dylana Diaz-Solano
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Marcos Gomez
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Jose E Cardier
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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Voga M, Majdic G. Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Veterinary Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:23-55. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12200. [PMID: 34830082 PMCID: PMC8618305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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Lindberg GCJ, Cui X, Durham M, Veenendaal L, Schon BS, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF. Probing Multicellular Tissue Fusion of Cocultured Spheroids-A 3D-Bioassembly Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103320. [PMID: 34632729 PMCID: PMC8596109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
While decades of research have enriched the knowledge of how to grow cells into mature tissues, little is yet known about the next phase: fusing of these engineered tissues into larger functional structures. The specific effect of multicellular interfaces on tissue fusion remains largely unexplored. Here, a facile 3D-bioassembly platform is introduced to primarily study fusion of cartilage-cartilage interfaces using spheroids formed from human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and articular chondrocytes (hACs). 3D-bioassembly of two adjacent hMSCs spheroids displays coordinated migration and noteworthy matrix deposition while the interface between two hAC tissues lacks both cells and type-II collagen. Cocultures contribute to increased phenotypic stability in the fusion region while close initial contact between hMSCs and hACs (mixed) yields superior hyaline differentiation over more distant, indirect cocultures. This reduced ability of potent hMSCs to fuse with mature hAC tissue further underlines the major clinical challenge that is integration. Together, this data offer the first proof of an in vitro 3D-model to reliably study lateral fusion mechanisms between multicellular spheroids and mature cartilage tissues. Ultimately, this high-throughput 3D-bioassembly model provides a bridge between understanding cellular differentiation and tissue fusion and offers the potential to probe fundamental biological mechanisms that underpin organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella C. J. Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Mitchell Durham
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Laura Veenendaal
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Benjamin S. Schon
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Gary J. Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) GroupDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Otago Christchurch2 Riccarton AvenueChristchurch8011New Zealand
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Urlić I, Ivković A. Cell Sources for Cartilage Repair-Biological and Clinical Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092496. [PMID: 34572145 PMCID: PMC8468484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy represents a promising treatment strategy for cartilage defects. Alone or in combination with scaffolds/biological signals, these strategies open many new avenues for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the choice of the optimal cell source is not that straightforward. Currently, various types of differentiated cells (articular and nasal chondrocytes) and stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells) are being researched to objectively assess their merits and disadvantages with respect to the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage. In this paper, we focus on the different cell types used in cartilage treatment, first from a biological scientist’s perspective and then from a clinician’s standpoint. We compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these cell types and offer a potential outlook for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
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18
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Effect of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9947187. [PMID: 34484349 PMCID: PMC8413060 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9947187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Six mature male rabbits were included in this study. PRP was obtained by two-step centrifugation from whole blood, and it was activated using CaCl2 solution. BMSCs were isolated and proliferated from bone marrow of rabbits and characterized by flow cytometry. Passage 3 BMSCs were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (HG-DMEM) with the four different compositions for consecutive 7 days, including 10% fetal bovine serum, 5% PRP, 10% PRP, and 15% PRP. Cell counting assays were performed to evaluate the cell proliferation of BMSCs. BMSCs (5 × 105 cells/well in 6-well plates) were induced in four conditions for 21 days to chondrogenic differentiation evaluation, including commercial chondrogenic medium (control), 5% PRP (HG-DMEM+5% PRP), 10% PRP (HG-DMEM+10% PRP), and 15% PRP (HG-DMEM+15% PRP). The gene expression levels of ACAN, COL2A1, and SOX9 in pellets were detected. Morphological and pathological assessments were performed by the blind observer. After purifying, the percentages of cells with CD105(+)/CD34(-) and CD44(+)/CD45(-) were 96.5% and 92.9%, respectively. The proliferation of BMSCs was enhanced in all groups, and 10% PRP revealed more significant outcome than the others from day 5. The levels of ACAN, COL2A1, and SOX9 were lower in the three PRP groups than control group, but the levels of ACAN and SOX9 were higher in 10% PRP group than 5% and 15% PRP groups. Histological examinations showed that 10% PRP-treated pellets had more regular appearance, larger size, and abundant extracellular matrix than 5% or 10% PRP groups, but still inferior to commercial chondrogenic medium. In conclusion, our results show that PRP may enhance the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs. However, PRP have limited effect on chondrogenic differentiation in comparison with commercial chondrogenic medium in pellets culture.
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19
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Brose TZ, Kubosch EJ, Schmal H, Stoddart MJ, Armiento AR. Crosstalk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Chondrocytes: The Hidden Therapeutic Potential for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1647-1665. [PMID: 33954877 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage injuries following trauma create a puzzling clinical scenario. The finite reparative potential of articular cartilage is well known, and injuries are associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Cell-based therapies have spotlighted chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as the functional unit of articular cartilage and the progenitor cells, respectively. The available clinical treatments cannot reproduce the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage and call for continuous investigations into alternative approaches. Co-cultures of chondrocytes and MSCs are an attractive in vitro system to step closer to the in vivo multicellular environment's complexity. Research on the mechanisms of interaction between both cell types will reveal essential cues to understand cartilage regeneration. This review describes the latest discoveries on these interactions, along with advantages and main challenges in vitro and in vivo. The successful clinical translation of in vitro studies requires establishing rigorous standards and clinically relevant research models and an organ-targeting therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Z Brose
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva J Kubosch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angela R Armiento
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Most cells within the human body interact with neighboring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components to establish a unique 3D organization. These cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions form a complex communication network of biochemical and mechanical signals critical for normal cell physiology. The behavior of cells in a 3D environment is fundamentally different from that of cells in monolayer culture. Aggregation can affect cell–cell interactions, being more representative of the normal tissue microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cell culture technologies have been developed. The general method for cell aggregate is a physical method; it is difficult to control the size and number of cell aggregates. In any case, no chemical method has been discovered yet, so a new method to solve these problems is needed. In this paper, we describe the induction of a cell aggregate of the newly discovered (Lys-Pro)12(KP24) peptide. Since it was revealed that KP24 had cell aggregate-inducing activity, its derivatives were molecularly designed to clarify the importance of the KP24 sequence. We report that cell aggregations were induced by KP24 to form aggregates of fibroblast cells. We evaluated KP24 derivative periodic peptides such as (Lys-Pro-Pro)8(KPP24) and (Lys-Lys-Pro)8(KKP24). The relationship between the structure of the peptide chain and the activity induced by the cell aggregations was investigated from the viewpoint of basic research and the biomedical engineering field.
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Kim SJ, Kim EM, Yamamoto M, Park H, Shin H. Engineering Multi-Cellular Spheroids for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000608. [PMID: 32734719 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell-cell/cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and various ex vivo tissue models in tissue engineering. In principle, spheroid culture methods maximize cell-cell cohesion and induce spontaneous cellular assembly while minimizing cellular interactions with substrates by using physical forces such as gravitational or centrifugal forces, protein-repellant biomaterials, and micro-structured surfaces. In addition, biofunctional materials including magnetic nanoparticles, polymer microspheres, and nanofiber particles are combined with cells to harvest composite spheroids, to accelerate spheroid formation, to increase the mechanical properties and viability of spheroids, and to direct differentiation of stem cells into desirable cell types. Biocompatible hydrogels are developed to produce microgels for the fabrication of size-controlled spheroids with high efficiency. Recently, spheroids have been further engineered to fabricate structurally and functionally reliable in vitro artificial 3D tissues of the desired shape with enhanced specific biological functions. This paper reviews the overall characteristics of spheroids and general/advanced spheroid culture techniques. Significant roles of functional biomaterials in advanced spheroid engineering with emphasis on the use of spheroids in the reconstruction of artificial 3D tissue for tissue engineering are also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering for Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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22
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Weber MC, Fischer L, Damerau A, Ponomarev I, Pfeiffenberger M, Gaber T, Götschel S, Lang J, Röblitz S, Buttgereit F, Ehrig R, Lang A. Macroscale mesenchymal condensation to study cytokine-driven cellular and matrix-related changes during cartilage degradation. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045016. [PMID: 32598334 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba08f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiological processes of cartilage degradation requires adequate model systems to develop therapeutic strategies towards osteoarthritis (OA). Although different in vitro or in vivo models have been described, further comprehensive approaches are needed to study specific disease aspects. This study aimed to combine in vitro and in silico modeling based on a tissue-engineering approach using mesenchymal condensation to mimic cytokine-induced cellular and matrix-related changes during cartilage degradation. Thus, scaffold-free cartilage-like constructs (SFCCs) were produced based on self-organization of mesenchymal stromal cells (mesenchymal condensation) and (i) characterized regarding their cellular and matrix composition or secondly (ii) treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for 3 weeks to simulate OA-related matrix degradation. In addition, an existing mathematical model based on partial differential equations was optimized and transferred to the underlying settings to simulate the distribution of IL-1β, type II collagen degradation and cell number reduction. By combining in vitro and in silico methods, we aimed to develop a valid, efficient alternative approach to examine and predict disease progression and effects of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Weber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany. These authors contributed equally
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23
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Kim HS, Mandakhbayar N, Kim HW, Leong KW, Yoo HS. Protein-reactive nanofibrils decorated with cartilage-derived decellularized extracellular matrix for osteochondral defects. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120214. [PMID: 32736808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defect is difficult to heal due to its avascular properties. Implantation of mesenchymal stem cell is one of the most promising approach for regenerating cartilage defects. Here we prepared polymeric nanofibrils decorated with cartilage-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a chondroinductive scaffold material for cartilage repair. To fabricate nanofibrils, eletrospun PCL nanofibers were fragmented by subsequent mechanical and chemical process. The nanofibrils were surface-modified with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA@NF) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The epoxy groups of PGMA@NF were subsequently reacted with dECM prepared from bovine articular cartilage. Therefore, the cartilage-dECM-decorated nanofibrils structurally and biochemically mimic cartilage-specific microenvironment. Once adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were self-assembled with the cartilage-dECM-decorated nanofibrils by cell-directed association, they exhibited differentiation hallmarks of chondrogenesis without additional biologic additives. ADSCs in the nanofibril composites significantly increased expression of chondrogenic gene markers in comparison to those in pellet culture. Furthermore, ADSC-laden nanofibril composites filled the osteochondral defects compactly due to their clay-like texture. Thus, the ADSC-laden nanofibril composites supported the long-term regeneration of 12 weeks without matrix loss during joint movement. The defects treated with the ADSC-laden PGMA@NF significantly facilitated reconstruction of their cartilage and subchondral bone ECM matrices compared to those with ADSC-laden nanofibrils, non-specifically adsorbing cartilage-dECM without surface decoration of PGMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomateials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Cárdenas-León CG, Montoya-Contreras A, Mäemets-Allas K, Jaks V, Salazar-Olivo LA. A human preadipocyte cell strain with multipotent differentiation capability as an in vitro model for adipogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:399-411. [PMID: 32535758 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Murine 3T3 cell lines constitute a standard model system for in vitro study of mammalian adipogenesis although they do not faithfully reflect the biology of the human adipose cells. Several human adipose cell lines and strains have been used to recapitulate human adipogenesis in vitro, but to date there is no generally accepted in vitro model for human adipogenesis. We obtained a clonal strain of human subcutaneous adipose stromal cells, IPI-SA3-C4, and characterized its utility as an in vitro model for human subcutaneous adipogenesis. IPI-SA3-C4 cells showed a high proliferative potential for at least 30 serial passages, reached 70 cumulative population doublings and exhibited a population doubling time of 47 h and colony forming efficiency of 12% at the 57th cumulative population doublings. IPI-SA3-C4 cells remained diploid (46XY) even at the 56th cumulative population doublings and expressed the pluripotency markers POU5F1, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC even at 50th cumulative population doublings. Under specific culture conditions, IPI-SA3-C4 cells displayed cellular hallmarks and molecular markers of adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages and showed adipogenic capacity even at the 66th cumulative population doublings. These characteristics show IPI-SA3-C4 cells as a promising potential model for human subcutaneous adipogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Cárdenas-León
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Angélica Montoya-Contreras
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luis A Salazar-Olivo
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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25
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Implantation of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with allogenic cartilage improves cartilage regeneration and clinical outcomes in patients with concomitant high tibial osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:544-554. [PMID: 31549208 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the clinical, radiological, and second-look arthroscopic outcomes of implanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alone and together with allogenic cartilage in patients treated with concomitant high tibial oteotomy (HTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Eighty patients treated with cartilage repair procedures and concomitant HTO were prospectively randomized into two groups: MSC implantation (MSC group), and MSC implantation with allogenic cartilage (MSC-AC group). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm Score and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at preoperative and every follow-up visit. Radiological outcomes were evaluated by measuring the femorotibial angle and posterior tibial slope. During second-look arthroscopy, cartilage regeneration was evaluated according to the Kanamiya grade. RESULTS Clinical outcomes at the second-look arthroscopy (mean 12.5 months [MSC group] and 12.4 months [MSC-AC group]) improved significantly in both groups (P < 0.001 for all). Clinical outcomes from the second-look arthroscopy to the final follow-up (mean 27.3 months [MSC group] and 27.8 months [MSC-AC group]) improved further only in the MSC-AC group (P < 0.05 for all). Overall, the Kanamiya grades, which were significantly correlated with clinical outcomes, were significantly higher in the MSC-AC group than in the MSC group. Radiological outcomes at final follow-up revealed improved knee joint alignments relative to preoperative conditions but without significant correlation between clinical outcomes and Kanamiya grade in either group (n.s. for all). CONCLUSION Implantation of MSCs with allogenic cartilage is superior to implantation of MSCs alone in cartilage regeneration accompanied with better clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level II.
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26
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Whitehead J, Zhang J, Harvestine JN, Kothambawala A, Liu GY, Leach JK. Tunneling nanotubes mediate the expression of senescence markers in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell spheroids. Stem Cells 2020; 38:80-89. [PMID: 31298767 PMCID: PMC6954984 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is limited by acquired senescence following prolonged culture expansion and high-passage numbers. However, the degree of cell senescence is dynamic, and cell-cell communication is critical to promote cell survival. MSC spheroids exhibit improved viability compared with monodispersed cells, and actin-rich tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) may mediate cell survival and other functions through the exchange of cytoplasmic components. Building upon our previous demonstration of TNTs bridging MSCs within these cell aggregates, we hypothesized that TNTs would influence the expression of senescence markers in MSC spheroids. We confirmed the existence of functional TNTs in MSC spheroids formed from low-passage, high-passage, and mixtures of low- and high-passage cells using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. The contribution of TNTs toward the expression of senescence markers was investigated by blocking TNT formation with cytochalasin D (CytoD), an inhibitor of actin polymerization. CytoD-treated spheroids exhibited decreases in cytosol transfer. Compared with spheroids formed solely of high-passage MSCs, the addition of low-passage MSCs reduced p16 expression, a known genetic marker of senescence. We observed a significant increase in p16 expression in high-passage cells when TNT formation was inhibited, establishing the importance of TNTs in MSC spheroids. These data confirm the restorative role of TNTs within MSC spheroids formed with low- and high-passage cells and represent an exciting approach to use higher-passage cells in cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Whitehead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jenna N. Harvestine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Alefia Kothambawala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
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27
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Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of articular cartilage degeneration: New biological insights for an old-timer cell. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1179-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Salonius E, Kontturi L, Laitinen A, Haaparanta AM, Korhonen M, Nystedt J, Kiviranta I, Muhonen V. Chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a three-dimensional environment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3497-3507. [PMID: 31552691 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy combined with biomaterial scaffolds is used to treat cartilage defects. We hypothesized that chondrogenic differentiation bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds would initiate cartilaginous matrix deposition and prepare the construct for cartilage regeneration in situ. The chondrogenic capability of human BM-MSCs was first verified in a pellet culture. The BM-MSCs were then either seeded onto a composite scaffold rhCo-PLA combining polylactide and collagen type II (C2) or type III (C3), or commercial collagen type I/III membrane (CG). The BM-MSCs were either cultured in a proliferation medium or chondrogenic culture medium. Adult human chondrocytes (ACs) served as controls. After 3, 14, and 28 days, the constructs were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confocal microscopy and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were measured. The differentiated BM-MSCs entered a hypertrophic state by Day 14 of culture. The ACs showed dedifferentiation with no expression of chondrogenic genes and low amount of GAG. The CG membrane induced the highest expression levels of hypertrophic genes. The two different collagen types in composite scaffolds yielded similar results. Regardless of the biomaterial scaffold, culturing BM-MSCs in chondrogenic differentiation medium resulted in chondrocyte hypertrophy. Thus, caution for cell fate is required when designing cell-biomaterial constructs for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Salonius
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kontturi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Marie Haaparanta
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kiviranta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Muhonen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Clearfield DS, Xin X, Yadav S, Rowe DW, Wei M. Osteochondral Differentiation of Fluorescent Multireporter Cells on Zonally-Organized Biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:468-486. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drew S. Clearfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development and School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Xiaonan Xin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development and School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - David W. Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development and School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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30
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biomaterials 2018; 192:199-225. [PMID: 30453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the best-suited cell population for the regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage depends on the effectiveness of culture conditions (e.g. media supplements, three-dimensional scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, co-culture systems) to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, advances and shortfalls in in vitro, preclinical and clinical setting of various in vitro microenvironment modulators on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype or directing stem cells towards chondrogenic lineage are critically discussed. Chondrocytes possess low isolation efficiency, limited proliferative potential and rapid phenotypic drift in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are relatively readily available, possess high proliferation potential, exhibit great chondrogenic differentiation capacity, but they tend to acquire a hypertrophic phenotype when exposed to chondrogenic stimuli. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, despite their promising in vitro and preclinical data, are still under-investigated. Although a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains elusive, recent advances in in vitro microenvironment modulators are likely to develop clinically- and commercially-relevant therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Martin Stoddart
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cartilage tissue engineering has rapidly developed in recent decades, exhibiting promising potential to regenerate and repair cartilage. However, the origin of a large amount of a suitable seed cell source is the major bottleneck for the further clinical application of cartilage tissue engineering. The use of a monoculture of passaged chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells results in undesired outcomes, such as fibrocartilage formation and hypertrophy. In the last two decades, co-cultures of chondrocytes and a variety of mesenchymal stem cells have been intensively investigated in vitro and in vivo, shedding light on the perspective of co-culture in cartilage tissue engineering. AREAS COVERED We summarize the recent literature on the application of heterologous cell co-culture systems in cartilage tissue engineering and compare the differences between direct and indirect co-culture systems as well as discuss the underlying mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION Co-culture system is proven to address many issues encountered by monocultures in cartilage tissue engineering, including reducing the number of chondrocytes needed and alleviating the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes. With the further development and knowledge of biomaterials, cartilage tissue engineering that combines the co-culture system and advanced biomaterials is expected to solve the difficult problem regarding the regeneration of functional cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zou
- a Department of Joint Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bo Bai
- a Department of Joint Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- a Department of Joint Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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32
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Rim YA, Nam Y, Park N, Lee J, Park SH, Ju JH. Repair potential of nonsurgically delivered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived chondrocytes in a rat osteochondral defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1843-1855. [PMID: 29770595 DOI: 10.1002/term.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are thought to be an alternative cell source for future regenerative medicine. hiPSCs may allow unlimited production of cell types that have low turnover rates and are difficult to obtain such as autologous chondrocytes. In this study, we generated hiPSC-derived chondrogenic pellets, and chondrocytes were isolated. To confirm the curative effects, chondrogenic pellets and isolated chondrocytes were transplanted into rat joints with osteochondral defects. Isolated hiPSC-derived chondrocytes were delivered in the defect by a single intra-articular injection. The generated hiPSC-derived chondrogenic pellets had increased chondrogenic marker expression and accumulated extracellular matrix proteins. Chondrocytes were successfully isolated from the pellets. Alcian blue staining and collagen type II were detected in the cells. Chondrogenic marker expression was also increased in the isolated cells. Transplanted chondrogenic pellets and chondrocytes both had curative effects in the osteochondral defect rat model. Detection of human proteins in the joints proved that the cells were successfully delivered into the defect. Chondrogenic pellets or chondrocytes generated from hiPSCs have potential as regenerative medicine for cartilage recovery or regeneration. Chondrocytes isolated from hiPSC-derived chondrogenic pellets had curative effects in damaged cartilage. Injectable hiPSC-derived chondrocytes show the possibility of noninvasive delivery of regenerative medicine for cartilage recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Park
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Jacer S, Shafaei H, Soleimani Rad J. An Investigation on the Regenerative Effects of Intra Articular Injection of Co-Cultured Adipose Derived Stem Cells with Chondron for Treatment of Induced Osteoarthritis. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:297-306. [PMID: 30023332 PMCID: PMC6046423 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) and chondrocytes are best cells for articular cartilage regeneration. Chondrocyte with peri-cellular matrix (PCM) is called chondron provides ideal microenviroment than chondrocytes. We aimed to evaluate the regenerative effects of intra-articular injection of ASCs co-cultures with chondron in induced osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: ASC, from the peri-renal fat of male rat and chondron from primary newborn rat hyaline cartilage were isolated. ASCs were cultured for at least three passages in vitro. Six weeks after OA induction, rats were randomly distributed in five groups of control, osteoarthritic, ASC, chondron and co-cultured. ASCs (107), chondrons (107) and combination of chondrons and ASCs (107) were injected into intra-articular space of the rat knee. The effect of treatments was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The expression levels of collagen type ΙΙ was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Macroscopic appearance of the co-cultured group, showed much enhanced articular cartilage regeneration compared to ASC and chondron groups. H&E showed evidence of repair site of articular surface without erosion and fibrillation versus OA group which showed thin layer of hyaline cartilage over tidemark and spontaneous fibrocartilage formation. Metachromatic regions stained with toluidine blue were larger in treatment groups versus OA group. Strong intensity of type ΙΙ collagen staining was observed in co-culture group compared to other groups. Conclusion: Co-culture of chondrons and ASCs increased articular hyaline cartilage formation and provides a useful tool to improve limitations of each of applied cells in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Jacer
- Department of Anatomical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Moradian Tehrani R, Mirzaei H, Verdi J, Sahebkar A, Noureddini M, Salehi R, Alani B, Kianmehr M. Chondrogenic differentiation of human scalp adipose-derived stem cells in Polycaprolactone scaffold and using Freeze Thaw Freeze method. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6705-6713. [PMID: 29323717 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue has been identified as a viable alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells. SADSCs were isolated from human scalp biopsy and then were characterized by Flow cytometry. SADSCS expressed CD90, CD44, and CD105 but did not express CD45 surface marker. Growth factors were used for chondrogenesis induction. Histology and immunohistology methods and gene expression by real-time PCR 14 days after induced cells have shown the feature of chondrocytes in their morphology and extracellular matrix in both inducing patterns of combination and cycling induction. Moreover, the expression of gene markers of chondrogenesis for example collagen type II aggrecan and SOX9 has shown by real-time PCR assay. Then, SADSCs were seeded alone on polycaprolatone (PCL) and with Freeze thaw Freeze (PCL+FTF) scaffolds and SADSCs differentiated toward the chondrogenic lineage and chondrogenesis induction were evaluated using scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and MTT assay. Our results showed that SADSCs were also similar to the other adipose-derived stem cells. Using TGF-beta3 and BMP-6 were effective for chondrogenesis induction. Therefore using of TGF-beta3 and BMP-6 growth factors may be the important key for in vitro chondrogenesis induction. The bio-composite of PCL+FTF nanofibrous scaffolds enhance the chondroblast differentiation and proliferation compared to PCL scaffolds .Therefore, our model will make it possible to study the mechanism of transition from chondroblast to chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Moradian Tehrani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Noureddini
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kianmehr
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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35
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Wang Z, Li K, Sun H, Wang J, Fu Z, Liu M. Icariin promotes stable chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in self‑assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffolds. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8237-8243. [PMID: 29693145 PMCID: PMC5984004 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has previously been demonstrated to promote chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in traditional 2D cell culture. The present study investigated whether icariin has the potential to promote stable chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs without hypertrophy in a 3D microenvironment. BMSCs were cultivated in a self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold in chondrogenic medium for 3 weeks. Icariin was added to the medium throughout the culture period at concentrations of 1×10−6 M. Chondrogenic differentiation markers, including collagen II and SRY-type high mobility group box 9 (SOX9) were detected by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and toluidine blue staining. Hypertrophic differentiation was further assessed by detecting collagen X and collagen I gene expression levels and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results demonstrated that icariin significantly enhanced cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis and gene expression levels of collagen II and SOX9, and additionally promoted more chondrocyte-like rounded morphology in BMSCs. Furthermore, chondrogenic medium led to hypertrophic differentiation via upregulation of collagen X and collagen I gene expression levels and alkaline phosphatase activity, which was not potentiated by icariin. In conclusion, these results suggested that icariin treatment may promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and inhibit the side effect of growth factor activity, thus preventing further hypertrophic differentiation. Therefore, icariin may be a potential compound for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fengfeng Group, Handan, Hebei 056200, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhuodong Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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36
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Current Therapeutic Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8490489. [PMID: 29765426 PMCID: PMC5889878 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8490489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cartilage destruction in the diarthrodial joint is progressive and irreversible. This destruction is extremely difficult to manage and frustrates researchers, clinicians, and patients. Patients often take medication to control their pain. Surgery is usually performed when pain becomes uncontrollable or joint function completely fails. There is an unmet clinical need for a regenerative strategy to treat cartilage defect without surgery due to the lack of a suitable regenerative strategy. Clinicians and scientists have tried to address this using stem cells, which have a regenerative potential in various tissues. Cartilage may be an ideal target for stem cell treatment because it has a notoriously poor regenerative potential. In this review, we describe past, present, and future strategies to regenerate cartilage in patients. Specifically, this review compares a surgical regenerative technique (microfracture) and cell therapy, cell therapy with and without a scaffold, and therapy with nonaggregated and aggregated cells. We also review the chondrogenic potential of cells according to their origin, including autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Schäfer S, Urban K, Gerber M, Dekiff M, Dirksen D, Plate U. Dynamic behavior of different quantities of osteoblasts during formation of micromass cultures. Cytometry A 2018; 93:458-463. [PMID: 29493890 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of micromass cultures of osteoblastic cells offers the possibility of scaffold free tissue engineering for example, regeneration of bone defects. However, the details of cell dynamics during the formation of these micromasses are still not well understood. This study aims to investigate and clarify the extent to which cell quantity influences the dynamics of micromass formation of osteoblastic cell cultures. For this purpose, the migration and aggregation during this process are investigated by optical inspection employing image processing software that allows for automated tracking of cell groups using digital image correlation. An exponential time behavior is observed with respect to the velocity of the cells and the distance of the cells to their common center of gravity. Characteristic time constants are derived as quantitative measures of the cell dynamics. The results indicate that the time constants strongly depend on the quantity of cells, that is, will decrease with increasing cell quantity. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schäfer
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Kent Urban
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Maria Gerber
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Markus Dekiff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Dieter Dirksen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Ulrich Plate
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Muenster, Waldeyer Str. 30, Muenster, D-48149, Germany
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Bahrami M, Valiani A, Amirpour N, Ra Rani MZ, Hashemibeni B. Cartilage Tissue Engineering Via Icariin and Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Fibrin Scaffold. Adv Biomed Res 2018. [PMID: 29531934 PMCID: PMC5840972 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.225925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, cartilage tissue engineering is the best candidate for regeneration of cartilage defects. This study evaluates the function of herbal extracts icariin (ICA), the major pharmacological constituent of herba Epimedium, compared with transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) to prove its potential effect for cartilage tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: ICA, TGFβ3, and TGFβ3 + ICA were added fibrin-cell constructions derived from adipose tissue stem cells. After 14 days, cell viability analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide assay and the expression of cartilage genes was evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results showed ICA, TGFβ3, and TGFβ3 + ICA increased the rate of proliferation and viability of cells; but there were no significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that cooperation of ICA with TGFβ3 showed a better effect in expression of cartilaginous specific genes and increased Sox9, type II collagen, and aggrecan expression significantly. Furthermore, the results of the expression of type I and X collagens revealed that TGFβ3 increased the expression of them (P < 0.01); However, treatment with ICA + TGFβ3 down regulated the expression of these genes significantly. Conclusion: The results indicated ICA could be a potential factor for chondrogenesis and in cooperation with TGFβ3 could reduce its hypertrophic effects and it is a promising factor for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahrami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani Ra Rani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dale TP, Forsyth NR. Ectopic Telomerase Expression Fails to Maintain Chondrogenic Capacity in Three-Dimensional Cultures of Clinically Relevant Cell Types. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:10-24. [PMID: 29588876 PMCID: PMC5865620 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor healing capacity of cartilage and lack of effective treatment for associated disease and trauma makes it a strong candidate for a regenerative medicine approach. Potential therapies tested to date, although effective, have met with a number of intrinsic difficulties possibly related to limited autologous chondrocyte cell yield and quality of cartilage produced. A potential mechanism to bypass limited cell yields and improve quality of differentiation is to immortalize relevant cell types through the ectopic expression of telomerase. Pellet cultures of human chondrocytes (OK3), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMA13), and embryonic stem cell (H1 line)-derived cells (1C6) and their human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transduced counterparts were maintained for 20 days in standard maintenance medium (MM) or transforming growth factor-β3-supplemented prochondrogenic medium (PChM). Pellets were assessed for volume and density by microcomputed tomography. Quantitative gene expression (COL1A2, COL2A1, COL3A1, COL6A3, COL10A1, ACAN, COMP, SOX9); sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), and DNA quantification were performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to determine matrix constituent distribution. Pellet culture in PChM resulted in significantly larger pellets with an overall increased density when compared with MM culture. Gene expression analysis revealed similarities in expression patterns between telomerase-transduced and parental cells in both MM and PChM. Of the three parental cell types examined OK3 and BMA13 produced similar amounts of pellet-associated sGAG in PChM (4.62 ± 1.20 and 4.91 ± 1.37 μg, respectively) with lower amounts in 1C6 (2.89 ± 0.52 μg), corresponding to 3.1, 2.3, and 1.6-fold increases from day 0. In comparison, telomerase-transduced cells all had much lower sGAG with OK3H at 2.74 ± 0.11 μg, BMA13H 1.29 ± 0.34 μg, and 1C6H 0.52 ± 0.01 μg corresponding to 1.2, 0.87, and 0.34-fold changes compared with day 0. Histology of day 20 pellets displayed reduced staining overall for collagens and sGAG in telomerase-transduced cells, most notably with alterations in aggrecan and collagen VI; all cells stained positively for collagen II. We conclude that while telomerase transduction may be an effective technique to extend cellular proliferative capacity, it is not sufficient in isolation to sustain a naive chondrogenic phenotype across multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina P Dale
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Guy Hilton Research Center, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Guy Hilton Research Center, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Spakova T, Plsikova J, Harvanova D, Lacko M, Stolfa S, Rosocha J. Influence of Kartogenin on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs in 2D Culture and in Co-Cultivation with OA Osteochondral Explant. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010181. [PMID: 29337871 PMCID: PMC6017512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has limited capacity for natural regeneration and repair. In the present study, we evaluated kartogenin (KGN), a bioactive small heterocyclic molecule, for its effect on in vitro proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in monolayer culture and in co-culture models in vitro. OA osteochondral cylinders and hBMSCs were collected during total knee replacement. The effect of KGN on hBMSCs during 21 days of culture was monitored by real-time proliferation assay, immunofluorescence staining, histological assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (imaging and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ELISA assay. The rate of proliferation of hBMSCs was significantly increased by treatment with 10 µM KGN during nine days of culture. Histological and SEM analyses showed the ability of hBMSCs in the presence of KGN to colonize the surface of OA cartilage and to produce glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans after 21 days of co-culture. KGN treated hBMSCs secreted higher concentrations of TIMPs and the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules (MMP 13, TNF-α) were significantly suppressed in comparison with control without hBMSCs. Our preliminary results support the concept that 10 µM KGN enhances proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and suggest that KGN is a potential promoter for cell-based therapeutic application for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Spakova
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Plsikova
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Denisa Harvanova
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Lacko
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Stefan Stolfa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Rosocha
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Critchley SE, Eswaramoorthy R, Kelly DJ. Low‐oxygen conditions promote synergistic increases in chondrogenesis during co‐culture of human osteoarthritic stem cells and chondrocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1074-1084. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Khurshid M, Mulet-Sierra A, Adesida A, Sen A. Osteoarthritic human chondrocytes proliferate in 3D co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells in suspension bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1418-e1432. [PMID: 28752579 DOI: 10.1002/term.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful disease, characterized by progressive surface erosion of articular cartilage. The use of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) sourced from OA patients has been proposed as a potential therapy for cartilage repair, but this approach is limited by the lack of scalable methods to produce clinically relevant quantities of cartilage-generating cells. Previous studies in static culture have shown that hACs co-cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as 3D pellets can upregulate proliferation and generate neocartilage with enhanced functional matrix formation relative to that produced from either cell type alone. However, because static culture flasks are not readily amenable to scale up, scalable suspension bioreactors were investigated to determine if they could support the co-culture of hMSCs and OA hACs under serum-free conditions to facilitate clinical translation of this approach. When hACs and hMSCs (1:3 ratio) were inoculated at 20,000 cells/ml into 125-ml suspension bioreactors and fed weekly, they spontaneously formed 3D aggregates and proliferated, resulting in a 4.75-fold increase over 16 days. Whereas the apparent growth rate was lower than that achieved during co-culture as a 2D monolayer in static culture flasks, bioreactor co-culture as 3D aggregates resulted in a significantly lower collagen I to II mRNA expression ratio and more than double the glycosaminoglycan/DNA content (5.8 vs. 2.5 μg/μg). The proliferation of hMSCs and hACs as 3D aggregates in serum-free suspension culture demonstrates that scalable bioreactors represent an accessible platform capable of supporting the generation of clinical quantities of cells for use in cell-based cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khurshid
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola Adesida
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Kim TW, Lee MC, Bae HC, Han HS. Direct Coculture of Human Chondrocytes and Synovium-Derived Stem Cells Enhances In Vitro Chondrogenesis. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 20:53-60. [PMID: 29308619 PMCID: PMC5759681 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been developed as a strategy to
overcome the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during in vitro expansion in autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) can be a promising cell source for coculture due to their superior chondrogenic
potential compared to other MSCs and easy accessibility without donor site morbidity. However, studies on coculture of
chondrocytes and SDSCs are very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct coculture of human
chondrocytes and SDSCs could enhance chondrogenesis compared to monoculture of each cell.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, passage 2 chondrocytes and SDSCs were directly cocultured
using different ratios of chondrocytes to SDSCs (3:1, 1:1, or 1:3). glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthetic activity was
assessed using GAG assays and Safranin-O staining. Expression of chondrogenesis-related genes (collagen types I,
II, X, Aggrecan, and Sox-9) were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)
and immunohistochemistry staining.
Results GAG/DNA ratios in 1:1 and 1:3 coculture groups were significantly increased compared to those in the
chondrocyte and SDSC monoculture groups. Type II collagen and SOX-9 were significantly upregulated in the 1:1
coculture group compared to those in the chondrocyte and SDSC monoculture groups. On the other hand, osteogenic
marker (type I collagen) and hypertrophic marker (type X collagen) were significantly downregulated in the coculture
groups compared to those in the SDSC monoculture group.
Conclusion Direct coculture of human chondrocytes and SDSCs significantly enhanced chondrogenic potential,
especially at a ratio of 1:1, compared to chondrocyte or SDSC monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehang-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehang-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Soo Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehang-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. Electronic adress:
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Mendes LF, Tam WL, Chai YC, Geris L, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Combinatorial Analysis of Growth Factors Reveals the Contribution of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Periosteal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 22:473-86. [PMID: 27018617 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful application of cell-based strategies in cartilage and bone tissue engineering has been hampered by the lack of robust protocols to efficiently differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage. The development of chemically defined culture media supplemented with growth factors (GFs) has been proposed as a way to overcome this limitation. In this work, we applied a fractional design of experiment (DoE) strategy to screen the effect of multiple GFs (BMP2, BMP6, GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2) on chondrogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDCs) in vitro. In a micromass culture (μMass) system, BMP2 had a positive effect on glycosaminoglycan deposition at day 7 (p < 0.001), which in combination with BMP6 synergistically enhanced cartilage-like tissue formation that displayed in vitro mineralization capacity at day 14 (p < 0.001). Gene expression of μMasses cultured for 7 days with a medium formulation supplemented with 100 ng/mL of BMP2 and BMP6 and a low concentration of GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2 showed increased expression of Sox9 (1.7-fold) and the matrix molecules aggrecan (7-fold increase) and COL2A1 (40-fold increase) compared to nonstimulated control μMasses. The DoE analysis indicated that in GF combinations, BMP2 was the strongest effector for chondrogenic differentiation of hPDCs. When transplanted ectopically in nude mice, the in vitro-differentiated μMasses showed maintenance of the cartilaginous phenotype after 4 weeks in vivo. This study indicates the power of using the DoE approach for the creation of new medium formulations for skeletal tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Mendes
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wai Long Tam
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- 2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium .,3 Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liege , Liege, Belgium .,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott J Roberts
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium .,5 Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Huang S, Song X, Li T, Xiao J, Chen Y, Gong X, Zeng W, Yang L, Chen C. Pellet coculture of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells with chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles promotes chondrogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:264. [PMID: 29141683 PMCID: PMC5688648 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell source plays a key role in cell-based cartilage repair and regeneration. Recent efforts in cell coculture have attempted to combine the advantages and negate the drawbacks of the constituent cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chondrogenic outcome of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in direct coculture. Methods ACs and IPFP MSCs from the same patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were cocultured in monolayer and in pellets. The monocultures of each cell type were also used as controls. Morphological and histologic analysis, immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to characterize the chondrogenic differentiation of cocultures. Furthermore, the effects of chitosan/hyaluronic acid (CS/HA) nanoparticle exposure on the chondrogenesis of cocultures were examined. Results In both monolayer and pellet coculture, the hypertrophy of MSCs and the inflammatory activities of ACs were inhibited, although the chondrogenic production in coculture was not promoted compared with that in monoculture. In addition, the exposure of CS/HA nanoparticles to pellet coculture improved the production of type II collagen and aggrecan. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that pellet coculture of ACs and IPFP MSCs with CS/HA nanoparticles could promote chondrogenic outcome while preventing the inflammatory status of ACs and the hypertrophic differentiation of MSCs. These findings suggest that the combination of ACs, IPFP MSCs, and CS/HA might be useful in cartilage repair in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfang Xiao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yemiao Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Xu L, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. Non-contact Coculture Reveals a Comprehensive Response of Chondrocytes Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Trophic Secretion. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 15:37-48. [PMID: 30603533 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has significant implications in cartilage regeneration. However, a conclusive understanding remains elusive. Previously, we reported that rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbBMSCs) could downregulate the differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes (rbACs) in a non-contact coculture system for the first time. In the present study, a systemic investigation was performed to understand the biological characteristics of chondrocytes in coculture with MSCs. Firstly, cells (MSCs and chondrocytes) from different origins were cocultured in transwell system. Different chondrocytes, when cocultured with different MSCs respectively, consistently demonstrated stimulated proliferation, transformed morphology and declined glycosaminoglycan secretion of chondrocytes. Next, cell surface molecules and the global gene expression of rbACs were characterized. It was found that cocultured rbACs showed a distinct surface molecule profile and global gene expression compared to both dedifferentiated rbACs and rbBMSCs. In the end, cocultured rbACs were passaged and induced to undergo the chondrogenic redifferentiation. Better growth and chondrogenesis ability were confirmed compared with control cells without coculture. Together, chondrocytes display comprehensive changes in coculture with MSCs and the cocultured rbACs are beneficial for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
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Koh S, Purser M, Wysk R, Piedrahita JA. Improved Chondrogenic Potential and Proteomic Phenotype of Porcine Chondrocytes Grown in Optimized Culture Conditions. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:232-244. [PMID: 28749737 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful cartilage tissue engineering, the ability to generate a high number of chondrocytes in vitro while avoiding terminal differentiation or de-differentiation is critical. The ability to accomplish this by using the abundant and easily sampled costal cartilage could provide a practical alternative to the use of articular cartilage and mesenchymal stem cells. Chondrocytes isolated from pig costal cartilage were expanded in either serum-free medium with FGF2 (SFM) or fetal bovine serum-containing medium (SCM), under either high (21%) or low (5%) oxygen conditions. Overall, chondrocytes cultured in SFM and low oxygen (Low-SFM) demonstrated the highest cell growth rate (p < 0.05). The effect of passage number on the differentiation status of the chondrocytes was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining and real-time PCR for known chondrocyte quality markers. AP staining indicated that chondrocytes grown in SCM had a higher proportion of terminally differentiated (hypertrophic) chondrocytes (p < 0.05). At the mRNA level, expression ratios of ACAN/VCAN and COL2/COL1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cells expanded in Low-SFM, indicating reduced de-differentiation. In vitro re-differentiation capacity was assessed after a 6-week induction, and chondrocytes grown in Low-SFM showed similar expression ratios of COL2/COL1 and ACAN/VCAN to native cartilage. Proteomic analysis of in vitro produced cartilage indicated that the Low-SFM condition most closely matched the proteomic profile of native costal and articular cartilage. In conclusion, Low-SFM culture conditions resulted in improved cell growth rates, reduced levels of de-differentiation during expansion, greater ability to re-differentiate into cartilage on induction, and an improved proteomic profile that resembles that of in vivo cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwon Koh
- 1 Genomics Program, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,2 Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Molly Purser
- 4 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina state University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,5 RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle International , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Richard Wysk
- 2 Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,4 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina state University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jorge A Piedrahita
- 1 Genomics Program, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,2 Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,6 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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Combined effects of oscillating hydrostatic pressure, perfusion and encapsulation in a novel bioreactor for enhancing extracellular matrix synthesis by bovine chondrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:179-193. [PMID: 28687928 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of combined shear stress and oscillating hydrostatic pressure (OHP), two forms of physical forces experienced by articular cartilage (AC) in vivo, on chondrogenesis, is investigated in a unique bioreactor system. Our system introduces a single reaction chamber design that does not require transfer of constructs after seeding to a second chamber for applying the mechanical forces, and, as such, biochemical and mechanical stimuli can be applied in combination. The biochemical and mechanical properties of bovine articular chondrocytes encapsulated in agarose scaffolds cultured in our bioreactors for 21 days are compared to cells statically cultured in agarose scaffolds in addition to static micromass and pellet cultures. Our findings indicate that glycosaminoglycan and collagen secretions were enhanced by at least 1.6-fold with scaffold encapsulation, 5.9-fold when adding 0.02 Pa of shear stress and 7.6-fold with simultaneous addition of 4 MPa of OHP when compared to micromass samples. Furthermore, shear stress and OHP have chondroprotective effects as evidenced by lower mRNA expression of β1 integrin and collagen X to non-detectable levels and an absence of collagen I upregulation as observed in micromass controls. These collective results are further supported by better mechanical properties as indicated by 1.6-19.8-fold increases in elastic moduli measured by atomic force microscopy.
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Szychlinska MA, Stoddart MJ, D'Amora U, Ambrosio L, Alini M, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration Approach and Cell Senescence: Can We Manipulate Cell Aging and Function? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28514935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor triggering several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its poor self-healing capacity, once injured cartilage needs to be reestablished. This process might be approached through resorting to cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Presently, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is limited by two main reasons as follows: aging of MSCs, which determines the loss of cell proliferative and differentiation capacity and MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, which limits the use of these cells in cartilage tissue regeneration approach. The effect of aging on MSCs is fundamental for stem cell-based therapy development, especially in older subjects. In the present review we focus on homeostasis alterations occurring in MSC-derived chondrocytes during in vitro aging. Moreover, we deal with potential cell aging regulation approaches, such as cell stimulation through telomerase activators, mechanical strain, and epigenetic regulation. Future investigations in this field might provide new insights into innovative strategies for cartilage regeneration and potentially inspire novel therapeutic approaches for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Szychlinska
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy .,4 Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Alini
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy .,5 Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries , UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland
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50
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Olivos-Meza A, Velasquillo Martínez C, Olivos Díaz B, Landa-Solís C, Brittberg M, Pichardo Bahena R, Ortega Sanchez C, Martínez V, Alvarez Lara E, Ibarra-Ponce de León JC. Co-culture of dedifferentiated and primary human chondrocytes obtained from cadaveric donor enhance the histological quality of repair tissue: an in-vivo animal study. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:369-381. [PMID: 28584920 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To compare the quality of the repair tissue in three-dimensional co-culture of human chondrocytes implanted in an in vivo model. Six cadaveric and five live human donors were included. Osteochondral biopsies from the donor knees were harvested for chondrocyte isolation. Fifty percent of cadaveric chondrocytes were expanded until passage-2 (P2) while the remaining cells were cryopreserved in passage-0 (P0). Fresh primary chondrocytes (P0f) obtained from live human donors were co-cultured. Three-dimensional constructs were prepared with a monolayer of passage-2 chondrocytes, collagen membrane (Geistlich Bio-Gide®), and pellet of non-co-cultured (P2) or co-cultured chondrocytes (P2 + P0c, P2 + P0f). Constructs were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of athymic mice and left for 3 months growth. Safranin-O and Alcian blue staining were used to glycosaminoglycan content assessment. Aggrecan and type-II collagen were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. New-formed tissue quality was evaluated with an adaptation of the modified O'Driscoll score. Histological quality of non-co-cultured group was 4.37 (SD ±4.71), while co-cultured groups had a mean score of 8.71 (SD ±3.98) for the fresh primary chondrocytes and 9.57 (SD ±1.27) in the cryopreserved chondrocytes. In immunohistochemistry, Co-culture groups were strongly stained for type-II and aggrecan not seen in the non-co-cultured group. It is possible to isolate viable chondrocytes from cadaveric human donors in samples processed in the first 48-h of dead. There is non-significant difference between the numbers of chondrocytes isolated from live or cadaveric donors. Cryopreservation of cadaveric primary chondrocytes does not alter the capability to form cartilage like tissue. Co-culture of primary and passaged chondrocytes enhances the histological quality of new-formed tissue compared to non-co-cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anell Olivos-Meza
- Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Service, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Brenda Olivos Díaz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Landa-Solís
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mats Brittberg
- Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | | | - Carmina Ortega Sanchez
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valentin Martínez
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
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