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van Haaren MJH, Steller LB, Vastert SJ, Calis JJA, van Loosdregt J. Get Spliced: Uniting Alternative Splicing and Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8123. [PMID: 39125692 PMCID: PMC11311815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses demand the rapid and precise regulation of gene protein expression. Splicing is a crucial step in this process; ~95% of protein-coding gene transcripts are spliced during mRNA maturation. Alternative splicing allows for distinct functional regulation, as it can affect transcript degradation and can lead to alternative functional protein isoforms. There is increasing evidence that splicing can directly regulate immune responses. For several genes, immune cells display dramatic changes in isoform-level transcript expression patterns upon activation. Recent advances in long-read RNA sequencing assays have enabled an unbiased and complete description of transcript isoform expression patterns. With an increasing amount of cell types and conditions that have been analyzed with such assays, thousands of novel transcript isoforms have been identified. Alternative splicing has been associated with autoimmune diseases, including arthritis. Here, GWASs revealed that SNPs associated with arthritis are enriched in splice sites. In this review, we will discuss how alternative splicing is involved in immune responses and how the dysregulation of alternative splicing can contribute to arthritis pathogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating alternative splicing, which includes examples of spliceform-based biomarkers for disease severity or disease subtype, splicing manipulation using antisense oligonucleotides, and the targeting of specific immune-related spliceforms using antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J. H. van Haaren
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Levina Bertina Steller
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J. Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg J. A. Calis
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Massidda MW, Demkov A, Sices A, Lee M, Lee J, Paull TT, Kim J, Baker AB. Mechanical Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Aged Patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597781. [PMID: 38895474 PMCID: PMC11185588 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an appealing therapeutic cell type for many diseases. However, patients with poor health or advanced age often have MSCs with poor regenerative properties. A major limiter of MSC therapies is cellular senescence, which is marked by limited proliferation capability, diminished multipotency, and reduced regenerative properties. In this work, we explored the ability of applied mechanical forces to reduce cellular senescence in MSCs. Our studies revealed that mechanical conditioning caused a lasting enhancement in proliferation, overall cell culture expansion potential, multipotency, and a reduction of senescence in MSCs from aged donors. Mechanistic studies suggested that these functional enhancements were mediated by oxidative stress and DNA damage repair signaling with mechanical load altering the expression of proteins of the sirtuin pathway, the DNA damage repair protein ATM, and antioxidant proteins. In addition, our results suggest a biophysical mechanism in which mechanical stretch leads to improved recognition of damaged DNA in the nucleus. Analysis of the cells through RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, demonstrated that mechanical loading alters the cell's genetic landscape to cause broad shifts in transcriptomic patterns that related to senescence. Overall, our results demonstrate that mechanical conditioning can rejuvenate mesenchymal stem cells derived from aged patients and improve their potential as a therapeutic cell type. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Wang MC, Yu WL, Ding YC, Huang JJ, Lin CY, Tseng WJ. Persistent Mesodermal Differentiation Capability of Bone Marrow MSCs Isolated from Aging Patients with Low-Energy Traumatic Hip Fracture and Osteoporosis: A Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5273. [PMID: 38791313 PMCID: PMC11120803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A low-energy hit, such as a slight fall from a bed, results in a bone fracture, especially in the hip, which is a life-threatening risk for the older adult and a heavy burden for the social economy. Patients with low-energy traumatic bone fractures usually suffer a higher level of bony catabolism accompanied by osteoporosis. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) are critical in osteogenesis, leading to metabolic homeostasis in the healthy bony microenvironment. However, whether the BMSCs derived from the patients who suffered osteoporosis and low-energy traumatic hip fractures preserve a sustained mesodermal differentiation capability, especially in osteogenesis, is yet to be explored in a clinical setting. Therefore, we aimed to collect BMSCs from clinical hip fracture patients with osteoporosis, followed by osteogenic differentiation comparison with BMSCs from healthy young donors. The CD markers identification, cytokines examination, and adipogenic differentiation were also evaluated. The data reveal that BMSCs collected from elderly osteoporotic patients secreted approximately 122.8 pg/mL interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 180.6 pg/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but no PDGF-BB, IL-1b, TGF-b1, IGF-1, or TNF-α secretion. The CD markers and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability in BMSCs from these elderly osteoporotic patients and healthy young donors are equivalent and compliant with the standards defined by the International Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT). Collectively, our data suggest that the elderly osteoporotic patients-derived BMSCs hold equivalent differentiation and proliferation capability and intact surface markers identical to BMSCs collected from healthy youth and are available for clinical cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chih Wang
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Yu
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Yun-Chiao Ding
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jun-Jae Huang
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wo-Jan Tseng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
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Alsultan A, Farge D, Kili S, Forte M, Weiss DJ, Grignon F, Boelens JJ. International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy Clinical Translation Committee recommendations on mesenchymal stromal cells in graft-versus-host disease: easy manufacturing is faced with standardizing and commercialization challenges. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00713-8. [PMID: 38804990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in multiple clinical trials for steroid-refractory moderate-severe (grade II-IV) acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) across the world over the last two decades. Despite very promising results in a variety of trials, it failed to get widespread approval by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. What lessons can we learn from this for future studies on MSCs and other cell therapy products? Broad heterogeneity among published trials using MSCs in aGVHD was likely the core problem. We propose a standardized approach in regards to donor-related factors, MSCs-related characteristics, as well as clinical trial design, to limit heterogeneity in trials for aGVHD and to fulfill the requirements of regulatory agencies. This approach may be expanded beyond MSCs to other Cell and Gene therapy products and trials in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MSK Kids, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dominique Farge
- Internal Medicine Unit (UF 04): CRMR MATHEC, Autoimmune diseases and Cellular Therapy, St-Louis Hospital, Center of reference for rare systemic autoimmune diseases of Ile-de-France (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris University, IRSL, Paris, France; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sven Kili
- Sven Kili Consulting Ltd., Shrewsbury, UK; Saisei Ventures, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; CCRM, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Felix Grignon
- International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MSK Kids, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Nguyen NHT, Phan HT, Le PM, Nguyen LHT, Do TT, Phan TPT, Van Le T, Dang TM, Phan CNL, Dang TLT, Truong NH. Safety and efficacy of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cell transplantation in aging-related low-grade inflammation patients: a single-group, open-label, phase I clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:309. [PMID: 38715140 PMCID: PMC11077870 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflamm-aging is associated with the rate of aging and is significantly related to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, heart disease, and age-related degenerative diseases such as type II diabetes and osteoporosis. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficiency of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSC) transplantation in aging-related low-grade inflammation patients. METHODS This study is a single-group, open-label, phase I clinical trial in which patients treated with 2 infusions (100 million cells i.v) of autologous AD-MSCs were initially evaluated in 12 inflamm-aging patients who concurrently had highly proinflammatory cytokines and 2 of the following 3 diseases: diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The treatment effects were evaluated based on plasma cytokines. RESULTS During the study's follow-up period, no adverse effects were observed in AD-MSC injection patients. Compared to baseline (D-44), the inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced after 180 days (D180) of MSC infusion. IL-4/IL-10 at 90 days (D90) and IL-2/IL-10 at D180 increased, reversing the imbalance between proinflammatory and inflammatory ratios in the patients. CONCLUSION AD-MSCs represent a potential intervention to prevent age-related inflammation in patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number is NCT05827757, first registered on 13th Oct 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Thanh Phan
- DNA International General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phong Minh Le
- DNA International General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thuy Thi Do
- DNA International General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Trinh Van Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Dang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Chinh-Nhan Lu Phan
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tung-Loan Thi Dang
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Sun W, Lv J, Guo S, Lv M. Cellular microenvironment: a key for tuning mesenchymal stem cell senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1323678. [PMID: 38111850 PMCID: PMC10725964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1323678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, making them highly suitable for use as seed cells in tissue engineering. These can be derived from various sources and have been found to play crucial roles in several physiological processes, such as tissue repair, immune regulation, and intercellular communication. However, the limited capacity for cell proliferation and the secretion of senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASPs) pose challenges for the clinical application of MSCs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the senescence characteristics of MSCs and examine the different features of cellular microenvironments studied thus far. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms by which cellular microenvironments regulate the senescence process of MSCs, offering insights into preserving their functionality and enhancing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Cheng M, Yuan W, Moshaverinia A, Yu B. Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ameliorate Skeletal Aging. Cells 2023; 12:998. [PMID: 37048071 PMCID: PMC10093211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is a shared risk factor for many chronic and debilitating skeletal diseases including osteoporosis and periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells develop various aging phenotypes including the onset of senescence, intrinsic loss of regenerative potential and exacerbation of inflammatory microenvironment via secretory factors. This review elaborates on the emerging concepts on the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of MSC senescence, such as the accumulation of oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Senescent MSCs aggravate local inflammation, disrupt bone remodeling and bone-fat balance, thereby contributing to the progression of age-related bone diseases. Various rejuvenation strategies to target senescent MSCs could present a promising paradigm to restore skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Cheng
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Section of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sardana Y, Bhatti GK, Singh C, Sharma PK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Progression of pre-rheumatoid arthritis to clinical disease of joints: Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2023; 321:121641. [PMID: 36997059 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related autoimmunity is developed at mucosal sites due to the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. The pre-RA phase that leads to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies spread in the systemic circulation may not affect articular tissue for years until a mysterious second hit triggers the localization of RA-related autoimmunity in joints. Several players in the joint microenvironment mediate the synovial innate and adaptive immunological processes, eventually leading to clinical synovitis. There still exists a gap in the early phase of RA pathogenesis, i.e., the progression of diseases from the systemic circulation to joints. The lack of better understanding of these events results in the inability to answer questions about why only after a certain point of time the disease appears in joints and why in some cases, it simply remains latent and doesn't affect joints at all. In the current review, we focused on the immunomodulatory and regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells and associated exosomes in RA pathology. We also highlighted the age-related dysregulations in activities of mesenchymal stem cells and how that might trigger homing of systemic autoimmunity to joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sardana
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Hoang VT, Nguyen HP, Nguyen VN, Hoang DM, Nguyen TST, Nguyen Thanh L. “Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the management of female sexual dysfunction: Literature reviews and study design of a clinical trial”. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956274. [PMID: 36247008 PMCID: PMC9554747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone imbalance and female sexual dysfunction immensely affect perimenopausal female health and quality of life. Hormone therapy can improve female hormone deficiency, but long-term use increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel effective treatment to achieve long-term improvement in female general and sexual health. This study reviewed factors affecting syndromes of female sexual dysfunction and its current therapy options. Next, the authors introduced research data on mesenchymal stromal cell/mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to treat female reproductive diseases, including Asherman’s syndrome, premature ovarian failure/primary ovarian insufficiency, and vaginal atrophy. Among adult tissue-derived MSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as the most potent therapeutic cell therapy due to their abundant presence in the stromal vascular fraction of fat, high proliferation capacity, superior immunomodulation, and strong secretion profile of regenerative factors. Potential mechanisms and side effects of ASCs for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction will be discussed. Our phase I clinical trial has demonstrated the safety of autologous ASC therapy for women and men with sexual hormone deficiency. We designed the first randomized controlled crossover phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous ASCs to treat female sexual dysfunction in perimenopausal women. Here, we introduce the rationale, trial design, and methodology of this clinical study. Because aging and metabolic diseases negatively impact the bioactivity of adult-derived MSCs, this study will use ASCs cultured in physiological oxygen tension (5%) to cope with these challenges. A total of 130 perimenopausal women with sexual dysfunction will receive two intravenous infusions of autologous ASCs in a crossover design. The aims of the proposed study are to evaluate 1) the safety of cell infusion based on the frequency and severity of adverse events/serious adverse events during infusion and follow-up and 2) improvements in female sexual function assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL), and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol. In addition, cellular aging biomarkers, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), p16 and p21 expression in T cells and the inflammatory cytokine profile, will also be characterized. Overall, this study will provide essential insights into the effects and potential mechanisms of ASC therapy for perimenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. It also suggests direction and design strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang-Phuong Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Viet Nhan Nguyen
- Vinmec International Hospital—Times City, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Health Science, Vin University, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc M. Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tan-Sinh Thi Nguyen
- Vinmec International Hospital—Times City, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Liem Nguyen Thanh
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vinmec International Hospital—Times City, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Health Science, Vin University, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Liem Nguyen Thanh,
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Wang S, Wang Z, Su H, Chen F, Ma M, Yu W, Ye G, Cen S, Mi R, Wu X, Deng W, Feng P, Zeng C, Shen H, Wu Y. Effects of long-term culture on the biological characteristics and RNA profiles of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:557-574. [PMID: 34631285 PMCID: PMC8479280 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Expansion in vitro prior to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) application is a necessary process. Functional and genomic stability has a crucial role in stem-cell-based therapies. However, the exact expression and co-expressed profiles of coding and non-coding RNAs in human bone marrow (BM)-MSCs in vitro aging are still lacking. In the present studies, the change of morphology, immunophenotype, and capacity of proliferation, differentiation, and immunoregulation of MSCs at passage (P) 4, P6, P8, P10, and P12 were investigated. RNA sequencing identified that 439 mRNAs, 65 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 59 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 229 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were differentially expressed (DE) in P12 compared with P4, with a similar trend in P6. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified several significant biological processes and pathways, including binding, ossification, and Wnt and PPAR signaling pathways. Interaction and co-expression/localization analyses were performed for DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, and several key lncRNAs, circRNAs, and important pathways like autophagy and mitophagy were identified in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Some key RNAs found in the bioinformatics analysis were validated. Our studies indicate that replicative senescence of MSCs is a continuous process, including widespread alterations in biological characteristics and global gene expression patterns that need to be considered before therapeutic applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Su
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical Universuty, Guangzhou 510280, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wen Deng
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Pei Feng
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
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Tumorigenic Aspects of MSC Senescence-Implication in Cancer Development and Therapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111133. [PMID: 34834485 PMCID: PMC8618265 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an organism ages, many physiological processes change, including the immune system. This process, called immunosenescence, characterized by abnormal activation and imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity, leads to a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging. Aging and inflammaging are considered to be the root of many diseases of the elderly, as infections, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and cancer. The role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in the inflammaging process and the age-related diseases is not completely established, although numerous features of aging MSCs, including altered immunomodulatory properties, impeded MSC niche supporting functions, and senescent MSC secretory repertoire are consistent with inflammaging development. Although senescence has its physiological function and can represent a mechanism of tumor prevention, in most cases it eventually transforms into a deleterious (para-)inflammatory process that promotes tumor growth. In this review we are going through current literature, trying to explore the role of senescent MSCs in making and/or sustaining a microenvironment permissive to tumor development and to analyze the therapeutic options that could target this process.
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Randhawa V, Kumar M. An integrated network analysis approach to identify potential key genes, transcription factors, and microRNAs regulating human hematopoietic stem cell aging. Mol Omics 2021; 17:967-984. [PMID: 34605522 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo functional deterioration with increasing age that causes loss of their self-renewal and regenerative potential. Despite various efforts, significant success in identifying molecular regulators of HSC aging has not been achieved, one prime reason being the non-availability of appropriate human HSC samples. To demonstrate the scope of integrating and re-analyzing the HSC transcriptomics data available, we used existing tools and databases to structure a sequential data analysis pipeline to predict potential candidate genes, transcription factors, and microRNAs simultaneously. This sequential approach comprises (i) collecting matched young and aged mice HSC sample datasets, (ii) identifying differentially expressed genes, (iii) identifying human homologs of differentially expressed genes, (iv) inferring gene co-expression network modules, and (v) inferring the microRNA-transcription factor-gene regulatory network. Systems-level analyses of HSC interaction networks provided various insights based on which several candidates were predicted. For example, 16 HSC aging-related candidate genes were predicted (e.g., CD38, BRCA1, AGTR1, GSTM1, etc.) from GCN analysis. Following this, the shortest path distance-based analyses of the regulatory network predicted several novel candidate miRNAs and TFs. Among these, miR-124-3p was a common regulator in candidate gene modules, while TFs MYC and SP1 were identified to regulate various candidate genes. Based on the regulatory interactions among candidate genes, TFs, and miRNAs, a potential regulation model of biological processes in each of the candidate modules was predicted, which provided systems-level insights into the molecular complexity of each module to regulate HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Randhawa
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Chandigarh-160036, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Chandigarh-160036, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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13
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Riquier S, Mathieu M, Bessiere C, Boureux A, Ruffle F, Lemaitre JM, Djouad F, Gilbert N, Commes T. Long non-coding RNA exploration for mesenchymal stem cell characterisation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:412. [PMID: 34088266 PMCID: PMC8178833 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and the corresponding emergence of public datasets have created new avenues of transcriptional marker search. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an emerging class of transcripts with a potential for high tissue specificity and function. Therefore, we tested the biomarker potential of lncRNAs on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a complex type of adult multipotent stem cells of diverse tissue origins, that is frequently used in clinics but which is lacking extensive characterization. RESULTS We developed a dedicated bioinformatics pipeline for the purpose of building a cell-specific catalogue of unannotated lncRNAs. The pipeline performs ab initio transcript identification, pseudoalignment and uses new methodologies such as a specific k-mer approach for naive quantification of expression in numerous RNAseq data. We next applied it on MSCs, and our pipeline was able to highlight novel lncRNAs with high cell specificity. Furthermore, with original and efficient approaches for functional prediction, we demonstrated that each candidate represents one specific state of MSCs biology. CONCLUSIONS We showed that our approach can be employed to harness lncRNAs as cell markers. More specifically, our results suggest different candidates as potential actors in MSCs biology and propose promising directions for future experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Riquier
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Mathieu
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Bessiere
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Boureux
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Ruffle
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Thérèse Commes
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
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14
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Liu Z, Dong X, Cao Z, Qiu S, Li Y, Zhong M, Xue Z, Xu Y, Xing H, Tang K, Tian Z, Wang M, Rao Q, Wang J. Mutant U2AF1-induced differential alternative splicing causes an oxidative stress in bone marrow stromal cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1750-1759. [PMID: 34034558 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a critical regulatory process of gene expression. In bone marrow microenvironment, AS plays a critical role in mesenchymal stem cells fate determination by forming distinct isoforms of important regulators. As a spliceosome factor, U2AF1 is essential for the catalysis of pre-mRNA splicing, and its mutation can cause differential AS events. In the present study, by forced expression of mutant U2AF1 (U2AF1S34F) in the mouse bone marrow stroma OP9 cells, we determine AS changes in U2AF1S34F transduced OP9 cells and investigate their role in stroma cell biological functions. We find that abundant differential RNA splicing events are induced by U2AF1S34F in OP9 cells. U2AF1S34F causes increased generation of hydrogen peroxide, promotes production of cytokines and chemokines. U2AF1S34F transduced OP9 cells also exhibit dysfunction of mitochondria. RNA-seq data, gene ontology (GO), and gene set enrichment analysis reveal that differentially expressed genes downregulated in response to U2AF1S34F are enriched in peroxisome component and function. U2AF1S34F can also cause release of hydrogen peroxide from OP9 cells. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of U2AF1S34F-induced oxidative stress in stromal cells on hematopoietic cells. When co-culturing mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells with OP9 cells, the U2AF1S34F expressing OP9 cells induce phosphorylation of histone H2AX in hematopoietic cells. Collectively, our results reveal that mutant U2AF1-induced differential AS events cause oxidative stress in bone marrow stromal cells and can further lead to DNA damage and genomic instability in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Xuanjia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
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15
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Jeong JE, Seol B, Kim HS, Kim JY, Cho YS. Exploration of Alternative Splicing Events in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050737. [PMID: 34068253 PMCID: PMC8153164 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although comparative genome-wide transcriptomic analysis has provided insight into the biology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs), the distinct alternative splicing (AS) signatures of iMSCs remain elusive. Here, we performed Illumina RNA sequencing analysis to characterize AS events in iMSCs compared with tissue-derived MSCs. A total of 4586 differentially expressed genes (|FC| > 2) were identified between iMSCs and umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs), including 2169 upregulated and 2417 downregulated genes. Of these, 164 differentially spliced events (BF > 20) in 112 genes were identified between iMSCs and UCB-MSCs. The predominant type of AS found in iMSCs was skipped exons (43.3%), followed by retained introns (19.5%), alternative 3′ (15.2%) and 5′ (12.8%) splice sites, and mutually exclusive exons (9.1%). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially spliced genes (|FC| > 2 and BF > 20) were mainly enriched in functions associated with focal adhesion, extracellular exosomes, extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, and actin binding. Splice isoforms of selected genes including TRPT1, CNN2, and AP1G2, identified in sashimi plots, were further validated by RT-PCR analysis. This study provides valuable insight into the biology of iMSCs and the translation of mechanistic understanding of iMSCs into therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jeong
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.J.); (B.S.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Binna Seol
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.J.); (B.S.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Han-Seop Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.J.); (B.S.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Jae-Yun Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.J.); (B.S.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yee-Sook Cho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.J.); (B.S.); (H.-S.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-4479; Fax: +82-42-860-4608
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16
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Cai J, Qi H, Yao K, Yao Y, Jing D, Liao W, Zhao Z. Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650431. [PMID: 33816501 PMCID: PMC8017203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thirst to postpone and even reverse aging progress has never been quenched after all these decades. Unequivocally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with extraordinary abilities such as self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, deserve the limelight in this topic. Though having several affable clinical traits, MSCs going through senescence would, on one hand, contribute to age-related diseases and, on the other hand, lead to compromised or even counterproductive therapeutical outcomes. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could invigorate various regulatory processes. With even a slight dip or an uptick of expression, ncRNAs would make a dent in or even overturn cellular fate. Thereby, a systematic illustration of ncRNAs identified so far to steer MSCs during senescence is axiomatically an urgent need. In this review, we introduce the general properties and mechanisms of senescence and its relationship with MSCs and illustrate the ncRNAs playing a role in the cellular senescence of MSCs. It is then followed by the elucidation of ncRNAs embodied in extracellular vesicles connecting senescent MSCs with other cells and diversified processes in and beyond the skeletal system. Last, we provide a glimpse into the clinical methodologies of ncRNA-based therapies in MSC-related fields. Hopefully, the intricate relationship between senescence and MSCs will be revealed one day and our work could be a crucial stepping-stone toward that future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Ravikumar M, Ling L, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Age-Related Changes in the Inflammatory Status of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:694-707. [PMID: 33636113 PMCID: PMC8072029 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (hMSC)-based cell therapies are promising for treating a variety of diseases. The unique immunomodulatory properties of hMSCs have extended their therapeutic potential beyond tissue regeneration. However, extensive pre-clinical culture expansion inevitably drives cells toward replicative “aging” and a consequent decline in quality. These “in vitro-aged” hMSCs resemble biologically aged cells, which have been reported to show senescence signatures, diminished immunosuppressive capacity, and weakened regenerative potential as well as pro-inflammatory features. In this review, we have surveyed the literature to explore the intimate relationship between the inflammatory status of hMSCs and their in vitro aging process. We posit that a shift from an anti-inflammatory to a pro-inflammatory phenotype of culture-expanded hMSCs contributes to a deterioration in their therapeutic efficacy. Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon have been discussed. We have also highlighted studies that leverage these mechanisms to make culture-expanded hMSCs more amenable for clinical use. Aged MSCs have reduced immunosuppressive potential Chronic inflammatory microenvironments can exacerbate MSC senescence and aging The immunomodulatory potential of MSCs should be assessed prior to clinical use MSC immunomodulatory properties may be modified in vitro by bioengineering means
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Maanasa Ravikumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119288, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119288, Singapore.
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18
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Kim YS, Mikos AG. Emerging strategies in reprogramming and enhancing the fate of mesenchymal stem cells for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 330:565-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Xu F, Li W, Yang X, Na L, Chen L, Liu G. The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619301. [PMID: 33569383 PMCID: PMC7868402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and the destruction of bone microstructure, which can lead to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the pathological mechanism of osteoporosis, the research on epigenetics has made significant progress. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels that are not caused by changes in gene sequences, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (lncRNA, microRNA, and circRNA). Epigenetics play mainly a post-transcriptional regulatory role and have important functions in the biological signal regulatory network. Studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are closely related to osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis, bone remodeling and other bone metabolism-related processes. Abnormal epigenetic regulation can lead to a series of bone metabolism-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Considering the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone metabolism, we mainly review the research progress on epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs) in the osteogenic differentiation and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis to provide a new direction for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wang X, Li Y, Gong B, Zhang K, Ma Y, Li Y. miR-199b-5p enhances the proliferation of medullary thymic epithelial cells via regulating Wnt signaling by targeting Fzd6. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:36-45. [PMID: 33313638 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential regulators of T-cell development and selection. miRNAs play critical roles in regulating TEC proliferation during the process of thymic aging. Our previous studies revealed that miR-199b-5p was upregulated in TECs from 1- to 3-month-old mice. But its function and potential mechanism are not clear. We hypothesized that miR-199b-5p may play an important role in age-related thymus involution via targeting some genes. To confirm it, the murine thymic epithelial cell line 1 (MTEC1) cells were used. Our results showed that overexpression of miR-199b-5p can enhance MTEC1 cell proliferation. On the contrary, repression of miR-199b-5p can inhibit MTEC1 cell proliferation. Meanwhile, it was confirmed that frizzled receptor 6 (Fzd6) is the direct target gene of miR-199b-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-199b-5p can upregulate the expressions of β-catenin, Tcf7, Wnt4, and C-myc to activate Wnt signaling and cell cycle signaling. Silence of Fzd6 and co-transfection with siFzd6 and miR-199b-5p mimic/inhibitor confirmed that the biological function of miR-199b-5p is indeed by targeting Fzd6 in medullary TECs. Overall, miR-199b-5p is an important regulator in medullary TEC proliferation through targeting Fzd6 to activate Wnt signaling and cell cycle signaling. Our data indicate that miR-199b-5p may block the process of thymic aging and be a potential therapeutic target for thymus involution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bishuang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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21
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Potter ML, Hill WD, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Fulzele S. MicroRNAs are critical regulators of senescence and aging in mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2021; 142:115679. [PMID: 33022453 PMCID: PMC7901145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently come under scrutiny for their role in various age-related diseases. Similarly, cellular senescence has been linked to disease and aging. MicroRNAs and senescence likely play an intertwined role in driving these pathologic states. In this review, we present the connection between these two drivers of age-related disease concerning mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). First, we summarize key miRNAs that are differentially expressed in MSCs and other musculoskeletal lineage cells during senescence and aging. Additionally, we also reviewed miRNAs that are regulated via traditional senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines in MSC. Lastly, we summarize miRNAs that have been found to target components of the cell cycle arrest pathways inherently activated in senescence. This review attempts to highlight potential miRNA targets for regenerative medicine applications in age-related musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Potter
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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22
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Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Hematopoiesis Disturbances and Potential Role in the Development of Hematologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010068. [PMID: 33383723 PMCID: PMC7794884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As for many other cancers, the risk of developing hematologic malignancies increases considerably as people age. In recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the influence of the aging microenvironment on hematopoiesis and tumor progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a major player in intercellular communication inside the bone marrow microenvironment involved in hematopoiesis support. With aging, their functions may be altered, leading to hematopoiesis disturbances which can lead to hematologic cancers. A good understanding of the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell aging and the consequences on hematopoiesis and tumor progression is therefore necessary for a better comprehension of hematologic malignancies and for the development of therapeutic approaches. Abstract Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions. The present review presents the main features of MSC senescence in bone marrow and their implications in hematologic cancer progression.
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Sharma S, Bhonde R. Genetic and epigenetic stability of stem cells: Epigenetic modifiers modulate the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. Genomics 2020; 112:3615-3623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Choi DH, Oh SY, Choi JK, Lee KE, Lee JY, Park YJ, Jo I, Park YS. A transcriptomic analysis of serial-cultured, tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals decreased integrin α3 protein as a potential biomarker of senescent cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 32807231 PMCID: PMC7430027 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for stem cell therapy, and serial passage of stem cells is often required to obtain sufficient cell numbers for practical applications in regenerative medicine. A long-term serial cell expansion can potentially induce replicative senescence, which leads to a progressive decline in stem cell function and stemness, losing multipotent characteristics. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell therapy, it would be important to identify specific biomarkers for senescent cells. Methods Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) with 20–25 passages were designated as culture-aged TMSCs, and their mesodermal differentiation potentials as well as markers of senescence and stemness were compared with the control TMSCs passaged up to 8 times at the most (designated as young). A whole-genome analysis was used to identify novel regulatory factors that distinguish between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The identified markers of replicative senescence were validated using Western blot analyses. Results The culture-aged TMSCs showed longer doubling time compared to control TMSCs and had higher expression of senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining but lower expression of the stemness protein markers, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 with decreased adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. Microarray analyses identified a total of 18,614 differentially expressed genes between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The differentially expressed genes were classified into the Gene Ontology categories of cellular component (CC), functional component (FC), and biological process (BP) using KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis. This analysis revealed that those genes associated with CC and BP showed the most significant difference between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The genes related to extracellular matrix-receptor interactions were also shown to be significantly different (p < 0.001). We also found that culture-aged TMSCs had decreased expressions of integrin α3 (ITGA3) and phosphorylated AKT protein (p-AKT-Ser473) compared to the control TMSCs. Conclusions Our data suggest that activation of ECM-receptor signaling, specifically involved with integrin family-mediated activation of the intracellular cell survival-signaling molecule AKT, can regulate stem cell senescence in TMSCs. Among these identified factors, ITGA3 was found to be a representative biomarker of the senescent TMSCs. Exclusion of the TMSCs with the senescent TMSC markers in this study could potentially increase the therapeutic efficacy of TMSCs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyeon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.,Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Kwang Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Dental Regenerative Bioengineering and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.,Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Campbell JM, Mahbub S, Habibalahi A, Paton S, Gronthos S, Goldys E. Ageing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have depleted NAD(P)H and distinct multispectral autofluorescence. GeroScience 2020; 43:859-868. [PMID: 32789662 PMCID: PMC8110641 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell exhaustion plays a major role in the ageing of different tissues. Similarly, in vitro cell ageing during expansion prior to their use in regenerative medicine can severely compromise stem cell quality through progressive declines in differentiation and growth capacity. We utilized non-destructive multispectral assessment of native cell autofluorescence to investigate the metabolic mechanisms of in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) ageing in human bone marrow MSCs over serial passages (P2-P10). The spectral signals for NAD(P)H, flavins and protein-bound NAD(P)H were successfully isolated using Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA). NAD(P)H decreased over the course of hMSC ageing in absolute terms as well as relative to flavins (optical redox ratio). Relative changes in other fluorophore levels (flavins, protein-bound NAD(P)H) suggested that this reduction was due to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion rather than a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Using multispectral features, which are determined without cell fixation or fluorescent labelling, we developed and externally validated a reliable, linear model which could accurately categorize the age of culture-expanded hMSCs. The largest shift in spectral characteristics occurs early in hMSC ageing. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of applying multispectral technology for the non-invasive monitoring of MSC health in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia. .,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Saabah Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon Paton
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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Cakouros D, Gronthos S. The changing epigenetic landscape of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells during aging. Bone 2020; 137:115440. [PMID: 32445894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence in the literature that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) like populations derived from different tissues, undergo epigenetic changes during aging, leading to compromised connective tissue integrity and function. This body of work has linked the biological aging of MSC to changes in their epigenetic signatures affecting growth, lifespan, self-renewal and multi-potential, due to deregulation of processes such as cellular senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening and DNA damage. This review addresses recent findings examining DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA changes in aging MSC populations. Moreover, we explore how epigenetic factors alter cellular pathways and associated biological networks, contributing to the MSC aging phenotype. Finally we discuss the crucial areas requiring a greater understanding of these processes, in order to piece together a global picture of the changing epigenetic landscape in MSC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Park JW, Fu S, Huang B, Xu RH. Alternative splicing in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1229-1240. [PMID: 32627865 PMCID: PMC7586970 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation and maturation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mesodermal and other lineages are known to be controlled by various extrinsic and intrinsic signals. The dysregulation of the MSC differentiation balance has been linked to several pathophysiological conditions, including obesity and osteoporosis. Previous research of the molecular mechanisms governing MSC differentiation has mostly focused on transcriptional regulation. However, recent findings are revealing the underrated role of alternative splicing (AS) in MSC differentiation and functions. In this review, we discuss recent progress in elucidating the regulatory roles of AS in MSC differentiation. We catalogue and highlight the key AS events that modulate MSC differentiation to major osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, and discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which AS is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Park
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Fu
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Borong Huang
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Life expectancy has dramatically increased around the world over the last few decades, and staying healthier longer, without chronic disease, has become an important issue. Although understanding aging is a grand challenge, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of cell and tissue functions with age and its contribution to chronic disease has greatly advanced during the past decade. As our immune system alters with aging, abnormal activation of immune cells leads to imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity and develops a persistent and mild systemic inflammation, inflammaging. With their unique therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a promising source for treating autoimmune disease or as anti-aging therapy. Although direct evidence of the role of MSCs in inflammaging has not been thoroughly studied, features reported in senescent MSCs or the aging process of MSCs are associated with inflammaging; MSC niche-driven skewing of hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage or oncogenesis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and weakening their modulative property on macrophage polarization, which plays a central role on inflammaging development. This review explores the role of senescent MSCs as an important regulator for onset and progression of inflammaging and as an effective target for anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Mallikarjun V, Richardson SM, Swift J. BayesENproteomics: Bayesian Elastic Nets for Quantification of Peptidoforms in Complex Samples. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2167-2184. [PMID: 32319298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate regression modelling provides a statistically powerful means of quantifying the effects of a given treatment while compensating for sources of variation and noise, such as variability between human donors and the behavior of different peptides during mass spectrometry. However, methods to quantify endogenous post-translational modifications (PTMs) are typically reliant on summary statistical methods that fail to consider sources of variability such as changes in the levels of the parent protein. Here, we compare three multivariate regression methods, including a novel Bayesian elastic net algorithm (BayesENproteomics) that enables assessment of relative protein abundances while also quantifying identified PTMs for each protein. We tested the ability of these methods to accurately quantify expression of proteins in a mixed-species benchmark experiment and to quantify synthetic PTMs induced by stable isotope labelling. Finally, we extended our regression pipeline to calculate fold changes at the pathway level, providing a complement to commonly used enrichment analysis. Our results show that BayesENproteomics can quantify changes to protein levels across a broad dynamic range while also accurately quantifying PTM and pathway-level fold changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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31
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Doron G, Klontzas ME, Mantalaris A, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Multiomics characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in monolayer and as aggregates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1761-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
| | - Michail E. Klontzas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
- Emory University School of MedicineWinship Cancer InstituteAtlanta Georgia
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific ImpactUniversity of OregonEugene Oregon
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
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Gugjoo MB, Fazili MUR, Gayas MA, Ahmad RA, Dhama K. Animal mesenchymal stem cell research in cartilage regenerative medicine - a review. Vet Q 2020; 39:95-120. [PMID: 31291836 PMCID: PMC8923021 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1643051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of articular cartilage is a major clinical challenge as it also lacks a direct vasculature and nerves, and carries a limited number of resident chondrocytes that do not proliferate easily. Damaged articular cartilages are usually replaced by fibrocartilages, which are mechanically and structurally weaker and less resilient. Regenerative medicine involving stem cells is considered to have a definitive potential to overcome the limitations associated with the currently available surgical methods of cartilage repair. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred for clinical applications. These cells can be readily derived from various sources and have the ability to trans-differentiate into various tissue-specific cells, including those of the cartilage by the process of chondrogenesis. Compared to embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), no ethical or teratogenic issues are associated with MSCs. These stem cells are being extensively evaluated for the treatment of joint affections and the results appear promising. Unlike human medicine, in veterinary medicine, the literature on stem cell research for cartilage regeneration is limited. This review, therefore, aims to comprehensively discuss the available literature and pinpoint the achievements and limitations associated with the use of MSCs for articular cartilage repair in animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raja Aijaz Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc and AH, SKUAST , Srinagar , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
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Lee BC, Yu KR. Impact of mesenchymal stem cell senescence on inflammaging. BMB Rep 2020; 53:65-73. [PMID: 31964472 PMCID: PMC7061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has dramatically increased around the world over the last few decades, and staying healthier longer, without chronic disease, has become an important issue. Although understanding aging is a grand challenge, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of cell and tissue functions with age and its contribution to chronic disease has greatly advanced during the past decade. As our immune system alters with aging, abnormal activation of immune cells leads to imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity and develops a persistent and mild systemic inflammation, inflammaging. With their unique therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a promising source for treating autoimmune disease or as anti-aging therapy. Although direct evidence of the role of MSCs in inflammaging has not been thoroughly studied, features reported in senescent MSCs or the aging process of MSCs are associated with inflammaging; MSC niche-driven skewing of hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage or oncogenesis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and weakening their modulative property on macrophage polarization, which plays a central role on inflammaging development. This review explores the role of senescent MSCs as an important regulator for onset and progression of inflammaging and as an effective target for anti-aging strategies. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(2): 65-73].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Histone Arginine Methylation-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 Controls the Senescence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7670316. [PMID: 31379950 PMCID: PMC6657615 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7670316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in cell-based clinical therapies is hindered by the limited number of cells remaining after the initial isolation process and by cellular senescence following in vitro expansion. Understanding the process of in vitro senescence in hBM-MSCs would enable the development of strategies to maintain their vitality after cell culture. Herein, we compared the gene expression profiles of human embryonic stem cells and human BM-MSCs from donors of different ages. We first found that the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in adult donor-derived hBM-MSCs was lower than it was in the young donor-derived hBM-MSCs. Moreover, in vitro cultured late-passage hBM-MSCs showed significant downregulation of DDR2 compared to their early-passage counterparts, and siRNA inhibition of DDR2 expression recapitulated features of senescence in early-passage hBM-MSCs. Further, we found through knockdown and overexpression approaches that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) regulated the expression level of DDR2 and the senescence of hBM-MSCs. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed direct binding of CARM1 to the DDR2 promoter region with a high level of H3R17 methylation in early-passage hBM-MSCs, and inhibition of CARM1-mediated histone arginine methylation decreased DDR2 expression and led to cellular senescence. Taken together, our findings suggest that DDR2 plays a major role in regulating the in vitro senescence of hBM-MSCs and that CARM1-mediated histone H3 methylation might be the upstream regulatory mechanism controlling this function of DDR2.
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Goodarzi P, Alavi-Moghadam S, Payab M, Larijani B, Rahim F, Gilany K, Bana N, Tayanloo-Beik A, Foroughi Heravani N, Hadavandkhani M, Arjmand B. Metabolomics Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 8:30-40. [PMID: 32351907 PMCID: PMC7175611 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various mesenchymal stem cells as easily accessible and multipotent cells can share different essential signaling pathways related to their stemness ability. Understanding the mechanism of stemness ability can be useful for controlling the stem cells for regenerative medicine targets. In this context, OMICs studies can analyze the mechanism of different stem cell properties or stemness ability via a broad range of current high-throughput techniques. This field is fundamentally directed toward the analysis of whole genome (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in biological samples. According to several studies, metabolomics is more effective than other OMICs ّfor various system biology concerns. Metabolomics can elucidate the biological mechanisms of various mesenchymal stem cell function by measuring their metabolites such as their secretome components. Analyzing the metabolic alteration of mesenchymal stem cells can be useful to promote their regenerative medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikoo Bana
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Neri S. Genetic Stability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Fundamental Biosafety Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102406. [PMID: 31096604 PMCID: PMC6566307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) show widespread application for a variety of clinical conditions; therefore, their use necessitates continuous monitoring of their safety. The risk assessment of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies cannot be separated from an accurate and deep knowledge of their biological properties and in vitro and in vivo behavior. One of the most relevant safety issues is represented by the genetic stability of MSCs, that can be altered during in vitro manipulation, frequently required before clinical application. MSC genetic stability has the potential to influence the transformation and the therapeutic effect of these cells. At present, karyotype evaluation represents the definitely prevailing assessment of MSC stability, but DNA alterations of smaller size should not be underestimated. This review will focus on current scientific knowledge about the genetic stability of mesenchymal stem cells. The techniques used and possible improvements together with regulatory aspects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Ex Vivo Expansion of Murine MSC Impairs Transcription Factor-Induced Differentiation into Pancreatic β-Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1395301. [PMID: 30956666 PMCID: PMC6431458 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1395301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial gene and cell therapy as a means of generating surrogate β-cells has been investigated for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) for a number of years with varying success. One of the limitations of current cell therapies for T1D is the inability to generate sufficient quantities of functional transplantable insulin-producing cells. Due to their impressive immunomodulatory properties, in addition to their ease of expansion and genetic modification ex vivo, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive alternative source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. To overcome the aforementioned limitation of current therapies, we assessed the utility of ex vivo expanded bone marrow-derived murine MSCs for their persistence in immune-competent and immune-deficient animal models and their ability to differentiate into surrogate β-cells. CD45−/Ly6+ murine MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and nucleofected to express the bioluminescent protein, Firefly luciferase (Luc2). The persistence of a subcutaneous (s.c.) transplant of Luc2-expressing MSCs was assessed in immune-competent (NOD) (n = 4) and immune-deficient (NOD/Scid) (n = 4) animal models of diabetes. Luc2-expressing MSCs persisted for 2 and 12 weeks, respectively, in NOD and NOD/Scid mice. Ex vivo expanded MSCs were transduced with the HMD lentiviral vector (MOI = 10) to express furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) and murine NeuroD1 and Pdx1. This was followed by the characterization of pancreatic transdifferentiation via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and static and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). INS-FUR-expressing MSCs were assessed for their ability to reverse diabetes after transplantation into streptozotocin- (STZ-) diabetic NOD/Scid mice (n = 5). Transduced MSCs did not undergo pancreatic transdifferentiation, as determined by RT-PCR analyses, lacked glucose responsiveness, and upon transplantation did not reverse diabetes. The data suggest that ex vivo expanded MSCs lose their multipotent differentiation potential and may be more useful as gene therapy targets prior to expansion.
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Freitag J, Bates D, Wickham J, Shah K, Huguenin L, Tenen A, Paterson K, Boyd R. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Regen Med 2019; 14:213-230. [PMID: 30762487 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy on pain, function and disease modification in knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 30 participants with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were randomized into three groups. Two treatment groups received intra-articular ADMSC therapy consisting of either a single injection (100 × 106 ADMSCs) or two injections (100 × 106 ADMSCs at baseline and 6 months). The third group served as control and continued conservative management. Results: No serious adverse events were observed. Both treatment groups receiving ADMSCs showed clinically significant pain and functional improvement at completion of follow-up at 12 months. Radiological analysis using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score indicated modification of disease progression. Conclusion: Autologous ADMSC therapy appears to be a safe and effective therapy for knee osteoarthritis and may have the potential to prevent disease progression. Trial registration number: ACTRN12614000814673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia.,Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, VIC, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan Bates
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, VIC, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia
| | - James Wickham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC, Australia
| | - Leesa Huguenin
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, VIC, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia
| | - Abi Tenen
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, VIC, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kade Paterson
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Boyd
- Magellan Stem Cells, VIC, Australia.,The Hudson Institute, VIC, Australia
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Serra M, Cunha B, Peixoto C, Gomes-Alves P, Alves PM. Advancing manufacture of human mesenchymal stem cells therapies: technological challenges in cell bioprocessing and characterization. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Dietrich C, Singh M, Kumar N, Singh SR. The Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Stem Cell Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:11-26. [PMID: 29754172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the continuous loss of tissue and organ function over time. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to play a vital role in this process. miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that control the expression of target mRNA. They are involved in many biological processes such as developmental timing, differentiation, cell death, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, aging and cancer. Accumulating studies in recent years suggest that miRNAs play crucial roles in stem cell division and differentiation. In the present chapter, we present a brief overview of these studies and discuss their contributions toward our understanding of the importance of miRNAs in normal and aged stem cell function in various model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Dietrich
- Stem Cell Regulation and Animal Aging Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Manish Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Hospitalist Division, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Stem Cell Regulation and Animal Aging Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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41
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Fitzsimmons REB, Mazurek MS, Soos A, Simmons CA. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8031718. [PMID: 30210552 PMCID: PMC6120267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8031718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of over five decades of investigation, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a versatile and frequently utilized cell source in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the history of MSC research from the initial discovery of their multipotency to the more recent recognition of their perivascular identity in vivo and their extraordinary capacity for immunomodulation and angiogenic signaling. As well, we discuss long-standing questions regarding their developmental origins and their capacity for differentiation toward a range of cell lineages. We also highlight important considerations and potential risks involved with their isolation, ex vivo expansion, and clinical use. Overall, this review aims to serve as an overview of the breadth of research that has demonstrated the utility of MSCs in a wide range of clinical contexts and continues to unravel the mechanisms by which these cells exert their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross E. B. Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1
| | - Matthew S. Mazurek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Agnes Soos
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G8
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Detecting senescent fate in mesenchymal stem cells: a combined cytofluorimetric and ultrastructural approach. Biogerontology 2018; 19:401-414. [PMID: 30101381 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Senescence can impair the therapeutic potential of stem cells. In this study, senescence-associated morphofunctional changes in periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) from old and young individuals were investigated by combining cytofluorimetry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a large number of G0/G1 phase cells in PDPCs from old subjects and a progressive accumulation of G0/G1 cells during passaging in cultures from young subjects. Cytofluorimetry documented significant changes in light scattering parameters and closely correlated with the ultrastructural features, especially changes in mitochondrial shape and autophagy, which are consistent with the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of ageing. The combined morphological, biofunctional, and ultrastructural approach enhanced the flow cytometric study of PDPC ageing. We speculate that impaired autophagy, documented in replicative senescent and old PDPCs, reflect a switch from quiescence to senescence. Its demonstration in a tissue with limited turnover-like the cambium layer of the periosteum, where reversible quiescence is the normal stem cell state throughout life-adds a new piece to the regenerative medicine jigsaw in an ageing society.
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43
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Ganguly P, El-Jawhari JJ, Giannoudis PV, Burska AN, Ponchel F, Jones EA. Age-related Changes in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Potential Impact on Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Development. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1520-1529. [PMID: 29113463 PMCID: PMC5680949 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717721201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging at the cellular level is a complex process resulting from accumulation of various damages leading to functional impairment and a reduced quality of life at the level of the organism. With a rise in the elderly population, the worldwide incidence of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) has increased in the past few decades. A decline in the number and "fitness" of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) niche has been suggested as one of the factors contributing to bone abnormalities in OP and OA. It is well recognized that MSCs in vitro acquire culture-induced aging features such as gradual telomere shortening, increased numbers of senescent cells, and reduced resistance to oxidative stress as a result of serial population doublings. In contrast, there is only limited evidence that human BM-MSCs "age" similarly in vivo. This review compares the various aspects of in vitro and in vivo MSC aging and suggests how our current knowledge on rejuvenating cultured MSCs could be applied to develop future strategies to target altered bone formation processes in OP and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N Burska
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,2 Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena A Jones
- 1 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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44
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Jia HL, Zeng XQ, Huang F, Liu YM, Gong BS, Zhang KZ, Zeng JH, Guo DG, Wang ZY, Li YG. Integrated microRNA and mRNA sequencing analysis of age-related changes to mouse thymic epithelial cells. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:678-690. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zeng
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Feng Huang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ya-Meng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Bi-Shuang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kai-Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Dong-Guang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology; Xinxiang University; Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Courses; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Gu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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45
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Peffers MJ, Balaskas P, Smagul A. Osteoarthritis year in review 2017: genetics and epigenetics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:304-311. [PMID: 28989115 PMCID: PMC6292677 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to describe highlights from original research publications related to osteoarthritis (OA), epigenetics and genomics with the intention of recognising significant advances. DESIGN To identify relevant papers a Pubmed literature search was conducted for articles published between April 2016 and April 2017 using the search terms 'osteoarthritis' together with 'genetics', 'genomics', 'epigenetics', 'microRNA', 'lncRNA', 'DNA methylation' and 'histone modification'. RESULTS The search term OA generated almost 4000 references. Publications using the combination of descriptors OA and genetics provided the most references (82 references). However this was reduced compared to the same period in the previous year; 8.1-2.1% (expressed as a percentage of the total publications combining the terms OA and genetics). Publications combining the terms OA with genomics (29 references), epigenetics (16 references), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) (11 references; including the identification of novel lncRNAs in OA), DNA methylation (21 references), histone modification (3 references) and microRNA (miR) (79 references) were reviewed. Potential OA therapeutics such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been identified. A number of non-coding RNAs may also provide targets for future treatments. CONCLUSION There continues to be a year on year increase in publications researching miRs in OA (expressed as a percentage of the total publications), with a doubling over the last 4 years. An overview on the last year's progress within the fields of epigenetics and genomics with respect to OA will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - P Balaskas
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - A Smagul
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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46
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Turlo AJ, Ashraf Kharaz Y, Clegg PD, Anderson J, Peffers MJ. Donor age affects proteome composition of tenocyte-derived engineered tendon. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:2. [PMID: 29338716 PMCID: PMC5771075 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of tissue engineering is to deliver to the injury site biological scaffolds carrying functional cells that will enhance healing response. The preferred cell source is autologous in order to reduce immune response in the treated individual. However, in elderly patients age-related changes in synthetic activity of the implanted cells and subsequent alterations in tissue protein content may affect therapeutic outcomes. In this study we investigated the effect of donor age on proteome composition of tenocyte-derived tendon tissue-engineered constructs. Results Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to assess the proteome of tissue-engineered constructs derived from young and old equine tenocytes. Ageing was associated with altered extracellular matrix composition, especially accumulation of collagens (type I, III and XIV), and lower cytoskeletal turnover. Proteins involved in cell responsiveness to mechanical stimuli and cell-extracellular matrix interaction (calponin 1, palladin, caldesmon 1, cortactin) were affected. Conclusions This study demonstrated significant changes in proteome of engineered tendon derived from young and old tenocytes, indicating the impact of donor age on composition of autologous constructs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0414-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Turlo
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Yalda Ashraf Kharaz
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - James Anderson
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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Pease LI, Clegg PD, Proctor CJ, Shanley DJ, Cockell SJ, Peffers MJ. Cross platform analysis of transcriptomic data identifies ageing has distinct and opposite effects on tendon in males and females. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14443. [PMID: 29089527 PMCID: PMC5663855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tendinopathy is influenced by a variety of factors including age, gender, sex hormones and diabetes status. Cross platform comparative analysis of transcriptomic data elucidated the connections between these entities in the context of ageing. Tissue-engineered tendons differentiated from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from young (20-24 years) and old (54-70 years) donors were assayed using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq). Extension of the experiment to microarray and RNA-seq data from tendon identified gender specific gene expression changes highlighting disparity with existing literature and published pathways. Separation of RNA-seq data by sex revealed underlying negative binomial distributions which increased statistical power. Sex specific de novo transcriptome assemblies generated fewer larger transcripts that contained miRNAs, lincRNAs and snoRNAs. The results identify that in old males decreased expression of CRABP2 leads to cell proliferation, whereas in old females it leads to cellular senescence. In conjunction with existing literature the results explain gender disparity in the development and types of degenerative diseases as well as highlighting a wide range of considerations for the analysis of transcriptomic data. Wider implications are that degenerative diseases may need to be treated differently in males and females because alternative mechanisms may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise I Pease
- MRC - Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- MRC - Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Carole J Proctor
- MRC - Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daryl J Shanley
- MRC - Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Simon J Cockell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bioinformatics Support Unit, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- MRC - Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related joint disorder in man. MicroRNAs (miRNA), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are potential therapeutic targets for regulating molecular mechanisms in both disease and ageing. Whilst there is an increasing amount of research on the roles of miRNAs in ageing, there has been scant research on age-related changes in miRNA in a cartilage. We undertook a microarray study on young and old human cartilages. Findings were validated in an independent cohort. Contrasts between these samples identified twenty differentially expressed miRNAs in a cartilage from old donors, derived from an OA environment which clustered based on OA severity. We identified a number of recognised and novel miRNAs changing in cartilage ageing and OA including miR-126: a potential new candidate with a role in OA pathogenesis. These analyses represent important candidates that have the potential as cartilage ageing and OA biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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49
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Shimoda A, Tahara Y, Sawada SI, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Glycan profiling analysis using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin array: Importance of sugar recognition for cellular uptake of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:701-707. [PMID: 28751214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies involving the functional analysis of exosomal contents including proteins, DNA, and RNA have been reported. Most membrane proteins and lipids are glycosylated, which controls their physical properties and functions, but little is known about glycans on exosomes owing to the difficulty of analysing them. To shed light on these issues, we collected exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human adipose tissue for glycan profiling using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin array as well as analysis of their uptake in vivo. Initial analyses showed that the mean diameter of the collected exosomes was 178 nm and they presented with typical exosomal and MSC markers. Regarding the glycan profiling, exosomes interacted more strongly than the membrane of the original MSCs did with a range of lectins, especially sialic acid-binding lectins. The findings also showed that cellular exosome uptake involved recognition by HeLa cell-surface-bound sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs). Confirming this siglec-related uptake, in vivo experiments involving subcutaneous injection of the fluorescently labelled exosomes into mice showed their transport into lymph nodes and internalization by antigen-presenting cells, particularly those expressing CD11b. Closer analysis revealed the colocalization of the exosomes with siglecs, indicating their involvement in the uptake. These findings provide us with an improved understanding of the importance of exosomal transport and targeting in relation to glycans on exosomal surfaces, potentially enabling us to standardize exosomes when using them for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
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50
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Peffers MJ, Collins J, Loughlin J, Proctor C, Clegg PD. A proteomic analysis of chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic constructs from ageing mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:133. [PMID: 27624072 PMCID: PMC5022190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have prospective applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering but to what extent phenotype and differentiation capacity alter with ageing is uncertain. Consequently, any loss in functionality with age would have profound consequences for the maintenance of tissue viability and the quality of tissues. Proteomics enables the set of proteins responsible for a particular cell phenotype to be identified, as well as enabling insights into mechanisms responsible for age-related alterations in musculoskeletal tissues. Few proteomic studies have been undertaken regarding age-related effects on tissue engineered into cartilage and bone, and none for tendon. This study provides a proteome inventory for chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic constructs synthesised from human MSCs, and elucidates proteomic alterations as a consequence of donor age. Methods Human bone-marrow derived MSCs from young (n = 4, 21.8 years ± 2.4SD) and old (n = 4, 65.5 years ± 8.3SD) donors were used to make chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic tissue-engineered constructs. We utilised an analytical method relying on extracted peptide intensities as a label-free approach for peptide quantitation by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results were validated using western blotting. Results We identified proteins that were differentially expressed with ageing; 128 proteins in chondrogenic constructs, 207 in tenogenic constructs and four in osteogenic constructs. Differentially regulated proteins were subjected to bioinformatic analysis to ascertain their molecular functions and the signalling pathways. For all construct types, age-affected proteins were involved in altered cell survival and death, and antioxidant and cytoskeletal changes. Energy and protein metabolism were the principle pathways affected in tenogenic constructs, whereas lipid metabolism was strongly affected in chondrogenic constructs and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteogenic constructs. Conclusions Our results imply that further work on MSC-based therapeutics for the older population needs to focus on oxidative stress protection. The differentially regulated proteome characterised by this study can potentially guide translational research specifically aimed at effective clinical interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0384-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK. .,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - John Collins
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carole Proctor
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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