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Czauderna M, Wojtak W, Białek M, Białek A. Optimization of high-efficient pre-column sample treatments and C18-UFLC method for selective quantification of selected chemical forms of tocopherol and tocotrienol in diverse foods. Food Chem 2024; 437:137909. [PMID: 37939419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The improved pre-column methods followed by gradient elution C18-chromatography (C18-UFLC) with photodiode (DAD) and fluorescence (FLD) detection for analysis of tocotrienols (T3s), tocopherols (Ts), α-tocopheryl acetate and cholesterol in plant, algae and fish oils, milk and animal tissues have been described. C18-chromatography without saponification permitted quantification of T3s and Ts in oils. Quantification of tocols in milk involved saponification followed by C18-chromatography. β-tocol and γ-tocol were unseparated using C18-chromatography. Esterification of hydroxyl group of tocols with trifluoroacetic anhydride allows their satisfactory separation. The combination of esterification of tocols, C18-chromatography and DAD monitoring at 278 and 205 nm provide the suitable analytical tool for quantification of β- and γ-forms of tocols in biological samples. Our original C18-chromatographic methods are satisfactory precise, accurate, repeatable and offer low values of limit of detection (<10 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (<27 ng/mL) for assayed tocols and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Wojtak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.
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Goh TW, Kim HJ, Moon K, Kim CS, Kim YY. Effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:642-653. [PMID: 36397695 PMCID: PMC9996270 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. METHODS A total of 200 weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.64±0.741 kg were allotted to five treatment groups and were divided based on sex and initial BW in four replicates with ten pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn‒soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 6 weeks. A total of 15 barrows were used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility by the total collection method. The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, and fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. RESULTS The addition of β-glucan with vitamin E to weaning pig feed increased BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake. A significant decrease in yeast and mold and Proteobacteria and a tendency for Lactobacillus to increase compared to the control was shown when 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E were added. The fecal score in weaning pigs was lower in the treatments supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E compared to the control. In addition, vitamin E was better supplied to weaning pigs by increasing the concentration of α-tocopherol in the blood of weaning pigs when 0.02% vitamin E was supplemented. However, there was no significant difference in either the immune response or nutrient digestibility. CONCLUSION Inclusion of 0.1% β-Glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in a weaning pig's diet were beneficial to the growth performance of weaning pigs by improving intestinal microbiota and reducing the incidence of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wook Goh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Jun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kunyong Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cheon Soo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Rey AI, Puig P, Cardozo PW, Hechavarría T. Supplementation Effect of Oleuropein Extract Combined with Betaine, Magnesium, and Vitamin E on Pigs' Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020443. [PMID: 33567784 PMCID: PMC7915345 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oleuropein, betaine, magnesium, and vitamin E show antioxidant and/or metabolic effects on the organism that are reflected, in many cases, in performances and meat quality. This study evaluated whether the combination of these nutrients at two doses manifest different effects on the final product. Both combinations were enough to improve the oxidative status of pigs, although performances were not affected. However, the higher doses increased n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the triglycerides and free fatty acid fractions that resulted in meat that was more susceptible to oxidation. Abstract This study evaluates the effect of the dietary combination of oleuropein extract (1200 mg/kg) and betaine (1000 mg/kg), magnesium oxide (600 mg/kg), and α–tocopheryl acetate (400 mg/kg), or a half-dose of these compounds, on pigs’ performance, oxidative status, and meat quality characteristics (drip loss, TBARS, and texture and fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat). Sixty-six barrows and females were slaughtered at 120 kg of BW. Performance and carcass yield were not changed by treatments. The high-dose mixture resulted in higher serum ferric reducing/antioxidant power (p = 0.0026), lower glucose (p = 0.03) and a tendency to have lower serum TBARS (p = 0.07) when compared to control. Percentage of drip loss, moisture content, intramuscular fat, or texture parameters were not modified by dietary treatments. Pigs supplemented with the high-dose mixture had higher PUFA (p = 0.0001), n-6 (p = 0.0001), n-3 (p = 0.0095) and lower MUFA (p = 0.0064) in the neutral lipid fraction of intramuscular fat. Free PUFA, mainly n-3 fatty acids (p = 0.0009), were also higher in the meat of pigs fed the high-dose mixture compared with the others. A higher mobilization (neutral to free fatty acids hydrolysis) of n-3 and MUFA fatty acids in the muscle from pigs fed the high-dose mixture was observed. However, dietary mixture supplementation tended to increase MUFA (p = 0.056) and decrease the total PUFA (p = 0.0074) proportions in muscle polar lipids. This specific fatty acid composition of meat from pigs supplemented with the high-dose mixture could be responsible for the higher meat lipid oxidation observed in this group when compared to the other groups. Consequently, the low-dose mixture would be more adequate for maintaining the oxidative status of pigs and, meat lipid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Rey
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-3943889
| | - Patricia Puig
- Andres Pintaluba, S.A. Polígono Industrial Agro-Reus Prudenci Bertrana, 5, 43206 Reus, Spain; (P.P.); (P.W.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Paul William Cardozo
- Andres Pintaluba, S.A. Polígono Industrial Agro-Reus Prudenci Bertrana, 5, 43206 Reus, Spain; (P.P.); (P.W.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Teresa Hechavarría
- Andres Pintaluba, S.A. Polígono Industrial Agro-Reus Prudenci Bertrana, 5, 43206 Reus, Spain; (P.P.); (P.W.C.); (T.H.)
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Orengo J, Hernández F, Martínez-Miró S, Sánchez CJ, Peres Rubio C, Madrid J. Effects of Commercial Antioxidants in Feed on Growth Performance and Oxidative Stress Status of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020266. [PMID: 33494343 PMCID: PMC7912010 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of adding two different commercial antioxidants (AOX) products to pre-starter and starter diets using low vitamin E (Vit E as DL-α-tocopheryl acetate) levels on the growth performance and oxidative stress of piglets for the first six weeks post-weaning (PW). They were sorted by initial body weight (BW: 6.175 ± 0.931 kg) and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (with six replicates per treatment): a positive control (PC) and a negative control (NC) diet, with normal and low dose of vitamin E (80 and 15 mg kg-1, respectively), both without AOX; the other two experimental diets with a low dose of vitamin E (LVE) plus LOXIDAN VD100 (LVE + AOX1) or LOXIDAN E Ros (LVE + AOX2). Growth data were recorded, and blood samples were taken, at the beginning (day 0) and at the end of each feeding period: pre-starter and starter (at days 14 and 42, respectively). No differences among dietary treatments were found with respect to growth performance in the pre-starter period (p ≥ 0.05). However, at the end of the starter period, a lower BW was found in piglets fed the NC diet compared to the other dietary treatments. Differences in daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also found either for the starter period or when the whole period was considered (p < 0.05), whereby piglets fed PC or LVE diets supplemented with AOX showed better growth performance compared to piglets fed the NC diet. Regarding Vit E (α-tocopherol) serum levels, there were no differences among treatments at day 0; but the serum values of this vitamin decreased in LVE diets at 14 and 42 days, but not in the PC. On day 42, the highest levels of α-tocopherol in liver were also found in piglets fed PC (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, in general, from a metabolic point of view and after checking the serum biochemical profile of piglets, there were no differences in other oxidative stress markers (p ≥ 0.05). The results showed that the AOX products used were able to compensate for the lower Vit E supply with respect to growth performance in the starter phase. The use of AOXs or usual levels of Vit E in feed constitutes a key factor in achieving optimal growth performance of piglets in the PW period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Orengo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.H.); (S.M.-M.); (C.J.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.M.); Tel.: +34-868884745 (J.O.); +34-868884750 (J.M.)
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.H.); (S.M.-M.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.H.); (S.M.-M.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Cristian Jesús Sánchez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.H.); (S.M.-M.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.H.); (S.M.-M.); (C.J.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.M.); Tel.: +34-868884745 (J.O.); +34-868884750 (J.M.)
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Echegaray N, Munekata PES, Centeno JA, Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Carballo J, Lorenzo JM. Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Celta Pig Carcass Locations as Affected by the Finishing Diet (Chestnuts or Commercial Feed). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:E5. [PMID: 33374557 PMCID: PMC7822432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the total phenol content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) and commercial feed employed in the finishing diet of the Celta pig breed and analyze the effect of the feeding (chestnuts vs. commercial feed) in the finishing diet on total phenol content and antioxidant activity of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, Psoas major, and Biceps femoris muscles and liver of the Celta pig breed. The antioxidant activity of the feed and animal tissue was investigated using three antioxidant methods (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2-2'-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate] (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay). The determination of the total phenol content and total flavonoids showed that chestnut had a significantly lower concentration than commercial feed in these compounds (130.00 vs. 312.89 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight and 8.58 vs. 32.18 mg catechin equivalents/100 g fresh weight, respectively). However, the results displayed that chestnuts had a higher antioxidant activity when compared with the commercial feed through the DPPH and ABTS methods (1152.42 vs. 957.33 µg Trolox equivalents/g fresh weight, and 9379.74 vs. 7613.44 µg Trolox equivalents/g fresh weight, for DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively), while the antioxidant activity measured by the FRAP assay turned out to show higher values for commercial feed (1777.49 and 1946.09 µmol Fe2+/100 fresh weight for chestnut and commercial feed, respectively), although significant differences were only found in the ABTS assay. On the other hand, the present study found that chestnut significantly reduces the total phenol content and declines the antioxidant activity of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, Psoas major, and Biceps femoris muscles and liver of the Celta pig breed. Finally, it has been found that liver is the location that has the best antioxidant characteristics compared to any muscle, regardless of diet utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Echegaray
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (N.E.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (N.E.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Juan A. Centeno
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (N.E.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (N.E.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Javier Carballo
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.C.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (N.E.); (P.E.S.M.); (R.D.); (M.P.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.C.)
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Vitamin D 3 Supplementation in Drinking Water Prior to Slaughter Improves Oxidative Status, Physiological Stress, and Quality of Pork. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060559. [PMID: 32604942 PMCID: PMC7346143 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 administration in drinking water during lairage time prior to slaughter on physiological stress, oxidative status, and pork quality characteristics. Two experiments were carried out. The first one was performed to examine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in drinking water, and the second one to check the effect of supplementation dose (500,000 IU/L vs. 700,000 IU/L). Serum calcium concentration was greater in pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water when compared to the control group. In experiment 1, a 40% α-tocopherol increase in meat from the group supplemented with vitamin D3 (500,000 IU/animal) was observed, that resulted in a tendency of decreased meat malondialdehyde (MDA) values at days 5 and 8 after refrigerated storage. In experiment 2, since water intake was higher (800,000 IU and 1,120,000 IU/animal of vitamin D3 consumption) effects on oxidative status were more profound and vitamin D3 supplementation increased serum α-tocopherol and decreased cortisol and serum TBARS. These effects were also observed in meat; TBARS levels were decreased after 3 days of refrigerated storage. In both experiments meat from pigs that received vitamin D3 in drinking water had a lower proportion of total free-polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly n-6) when compared to the unsupplemented pigs, and these were positively correlated with TBARS production at day 5 of refrigerated storage (r = 0.53 and 0.38 for experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Meat from pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water showed reduced cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values compared to the control group. The magnetic resonance imaging study of muscle confirmed the effects on water retention with lesser transverse relaxation time in pigs supplemented with vitamin D3. No vitamin D3 dose effect was observed, apart from muscle α-tocopherol concentration that was higher in pigs supplemented with 700,000 compared to those supplemented with 500,000 UI/L.
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Avian Stress-Related Transcriptome and Selenotranscriptome: Role during Exposure to Heavy Metals and Heat Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070216. [PMID: 31295914 PMCID: PMC6680911 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium, through incorporation into selenoproteins, is one of the key elements of the antioxidant system. Over the past few years there has been increased interest in exploring those molecular mechanisms in chicken, responsible for the development of this protection system. In more detail, Cd/Pb poisoning and heat stress increase oxidation, mRNA levels of inflammatory proteins, and apoptotic proteins. Selenium seems to enhance the antioxidant status and alleviates these effects via upregulation of antioxidant proteins and other molecular effects. In this review, we analyze avian transcriptome key elements with particular emphasis on interactions with heavy metals and on relation to heat stress.
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Kuznetsova E, Klimova E, Uchasov D, Yarovan N, Motyleva S, Brindza J, Berezina N, Bychkova T, Gavrilina V, Piyavchenko G. Assessment of antioxidant properties of grain concentrate and oxidant-antioxidant status pigs after its inclusion in ration feeding. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A grain concentrate was developed for use in bread baking based on whole-ground fermented wheat grain, to enhance that the beneficial properties have fermented wholegrain buckwheat grains in an amount of 20% by weight of the fermented wheat. For the fermentation of grain used dry complex enzyme preparation comprising cellulose, β-glucanase and xylanase (producing Penicillin canescens), dissolved in a buffer based on succinic acid. Under the action of the drug, the micro structure surface of grain was changed. It is established that the character of the change in surface micro structure of wheat and buckwheat grain is the same. The results of the study of the content of vitamin E, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in wheat grains, buckwheat and grain concentrate are obtained by different technologies. The results show that grain concentrates from wheat grain with the addition of 20% buckwheat grains prepared using a solution of enzyme preparation of cellulolytic action in a buffer, based on succinic acid has a high antioxidant activity. As a biological model for studying changes oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism under stress when included in a diet designed grain concentrate, used pigs, that are under stress, caused by weaning them from sows and transportation. Investigated the following parameters oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism pigs: the level of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, vitamins A, E and C in the blood of animals. It is concluded that, to improve the oxidative status of the piglets after weaning period recommended addition of concentrate fodder ration of grain wheat and buckwheat prepared using a solution of an enzyme preparation buffered cellulolytic action on the basis of succinic acid. The developed grain concentrate can be used for making the manufacture of cereal products, including grain bread included in the diet of people who live in conditions of oxidative stress.
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