1
|
Sengupta S, Asha Krishnan M, Chattopadhyay S, Chelvam V. Comparison of prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands in clinical translation research for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1169. [PMID: 32721116 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed on prostate cancer (PCa), is a well-characterized cell surface protein to selectively diagnose PCa. PSMA's unique characteristics and its 1000-fold higher expression in PCa compared with other tissues renders it as a suitable biomarker for detection of PCa in its early stage. In this report, we critically analyze and recommend the requirements needed for the development of variety of PSMA-targeted molecular imaging agents based on antibodies, small molecule ligands, peptides, and aptamers. The targeting moieties are either conjugated to radionuclear isotopes or near-infrared agents for efficient diagnosis of PCa. RECENT FINDINGS From the analysis, it was found that several small molecule-derived PCa imaging agents are approved for clinical trials in Europe and the United States, and few are already in the clinical use for diagnosis of PCa. Even though 111In-labeled capromab pendetide was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other engineered antibodies are available for detection of PCa, but high production cost, low shelf life (less than 1 month at 4°C), possibility of human immuno reactions, and low blood clearance rate necessitated a need for developing new imaging agents, which are serum stable, cost-effective, and possesses longer shelf life (6 months), have fast clearance rate from nontargeted tissues during the diagnosis process. It is found that small molecule ligand-derived imaging agents possesses most of the desired properties expected for an ideal diagnostic agent when compared with other targeting moieties. CONCLUSION This report discusses in detail the homing moieties used in the development of targeted diagnostic tools for detection of PCa. The merits and demerits of monoclonal antibodies, small molecule ligands, peptides, and aptamers for imaging of PCa and intraoperative guided surgery are extensively analyzed. Among all, urea-based ligands were found to be most successful in preclinical and clinical trials and show a major promise for future commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sengupta
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Mena Asha Krishnan
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sudeshna Chattopadhyay
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Material Science, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potapov AA, Goryaynov SA, Okhlopkov VA, Pitskhelauri DI, Kobyakov GL, Zhukov VY, Gol'bin DA, Svistov DV, Martynov BV, Krivoshapkin AL, Gaytan AS, Anokhina YE, Varyukhina MD, Gol'dberg MF, Kondrashov AV, Chumakova AP. [Clinical guidelines for the use of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis in brain tumor surgery]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2016; 79:91-101. [PMID: 26528619 DOI: 10.17116/neiro201579591-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a review of current literature on the application of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis and fluorescence spectroscopy using 5-aminolevulinic acid in surgery for various types of brain tumors, both alone and in combination with other neuroimaging methods. Authors' extensive experience with these methods allowed them to develop a set of clinical guidelines for the use of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis and fluorescence spectroscopy in surgery of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Potapov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - G L Kobyakov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Zhukov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Gol'bin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Svistov
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - B V Martynov
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A S Gaytan
- Meshalkin Research Institute of Pathology of Circulation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu E Anokhina
- Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M D Varyukhina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M F Gol'dberg
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kondrashov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sexton K, Tichauer K, Samkoe KS, Gunn J, Hoopes PJ, Pogue BW. Fluorescent affibody peptide penetration in glioma margin is superior to full antibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60390. [PMID: 23593208 PMCID: PMC3625207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Object Fluorescence imaging has the potential to significantly improve neurosurgical resection of oncologic lesions through improved differentiation between normal and cancerous tissue at the tumor margins. In order to successfully mark glioma tissue a fluorescent tracer must have the ability to penetrate through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and provide delineation in the tumor periphery where heterogeneously intact BBB may exist. In this study it was hypothesized that, due to its smaller size, fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR Affibody protein (∼7 kDa) would provide a more clear delineation of the tumor margin than would fluorescently labeled cetuximab, a full antibody (∼150 kDa) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods Cetuximab and anti-EGFR targeted Affibody were conjugated to two different fluorescent dyes (both emitting in the near-infrared) and injected intravenously into 6 athymic mice which were inoculated orthotopically with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing human U251 glioma cells. Each mouse was sacrificed at 1-h post injection, at which time brains were removed, snap frozen, sectioned and quantitatively analyzed for fluorescence distribution. Results Ex vivo analysis showed on average, nearly equal concentrations of cetuximab and Affibody within the tumor (on average Affibody made up 49±6% of injected protein), however, the cetuximab was more confined to the center of the tumor with Affibody showing significantly higher concentrations at the tumor periphery (on average Affibody made up 72±15% of injected protein in the outer 50 um of the tumor). Further ex vivo analysis of detection studies showed that the Affibody provided superior discrimination for differentiation of tumor from surrounding normal brain. Conclusions The present study indicates that fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR Affibody can provide significantly better delineation of tumor margins than a fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR antibody and shows considerable potential for guiding margin detection during neurosurgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Sexton
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Facilitated/modulated drug-delivery systems have emerged as a possible solution for delivery of drugs of interest to pre-allocated sites at predetermined doses for predefined periods of time. Over the past decade, the use of different physical methods and mechanisms to mediate drug release and delivery has grown significantly. This emerging area of research has important implications for development of new therapeutic drugs for efficient treatments. This review aims to introduce and describe different modalities of physically facilitating drug-delivery systems that are currently in use for cancer and other diseases therapy. In particular, delivery methods based on ultrasound, electrical, magnetic and photo modulations are highlighted. Current uses and areas of improvement for these different physically facilitating drug-delivery systems are discussed. Furthermore, the main advantages and drawbacks of these technologies reviewed are compared. The review ends with a speculative viewpoint of how research is expected to evolve in the upcoming years.
Collapse
|
5
|
Marcu L, Hartl BA. Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurosurgery. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:1465-1477. [PMID: 28053498 PMCID: PMC5205025 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2012.2185823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumor has been correlated with the extent of surgical resection. In treating this disease, the neurosurgeon must balance between an aggressive, radical resection and minimizing the loss of healthy, functionally significant brain tissue. Numerous intra-operative methodologies and technological approaches have been explored as a means to improve the accuracy of surgical resection. This paper presents an overview of current conventional techniques and new emerging technologies with potential to impact the area of image-guided surgery of brain tumors. Emphasis is placed on techniques based on endogenous fluorescence lifetime contrast and their potential for intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marcu
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Brad A Hartl
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Litvack ZN, Zada G, Laws ER. Indocyanine green fluorescence endoscopy for visual differentiation of pituitary tumor from surrounding structures. J Neurosurg 2012; 116:935-41. [PMID: 22360574 DOI: 10.3171/2012.1.jns11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT As demonstrated by histological and neuroimaging studies, pituitary adenomas have a capillary vascular density that differs significantly from that of surrounding structures. The authors hypothesized that intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence endoscopy could be used to visually differentiate tumor from surrounding tissues, including normal pituitary gland and dura. METHODS After institutional review board approval, 16 patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for benign pituitary lesions were prospectively enrolled in the study. A standard endoscopic endonasal approach to the sella was completed. Each patient then underwent endoscopic examination of the sellar dura and then the exposed pituitary adenoma after ICG bolus injection (12.5-25 mg). This examination was performed using a custom endoscope with a near-infrared light source and excitation wavelength filter. RESULTS The authors successfully recorded ICG fluorescence from sellar dura, pituitary, and surrounding structures in 12 of 16 patients enrolled. There were 3 technical failures of intraoperative ICG endoscopy, and 1 patient was excluded following discovery of a dye cross-allergy. A standard dose of 25 mg of ICG in 10 ml of aqueous solution optimized visualization of sellar region microvasculature within 45 seconds of peripheral bolus injection. Adenoma was less fluorescent than normal pituitary gland. Dural invasion by tumor was identifiable by a marked increase in fluorescence compared with native dura. The ICG endoscopic examination added 15-20 minutes of operative time under general anesthesia. There were no complications that resulted from use of ICG or the fluorescent light source. CONCLUSIONS Indocyanine green fluorescence endoscopy shows promise as an intraoperative modality to visually distinguish pituitary tumors from normal tissue and to visually identify areas of dural invasion, thereby facilitating complete tumor resection and minimizing injury to surrounding structures. These results support the continued development of fluorescence endoscopic resection techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Litvack
- Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carretero M, Negrete N, Muñoz G, Sánchez J, Bernal LM. [Anesthetic treatment during resection of high-grade malignant gliomas after injection of 5-aminolevulinic acid to enhance intraoperative visualization]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2010; 57:393-395. [PMID: 20645498 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
8
|
Pogue BW, Gibbs-Strauss S, Valdés PA, Samkoe K, Roberts DW, Paulsen KD. Review of Neurosurgical Fluorescence Imaging Methodologies. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2010; 16:493-505. [PMID: 20671936 PMCID: PMC2910912 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2009.2034541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in neurosurgery has a long historical development, with several different biomarkers and biochemical agents being used, and several technological approaches. This review focuses on the different contrast agents, summarizing endogenous fluorescence, exogenously stimulated fluorescence and exogenous contrast agents, and then on tools used for imaging. It ends with a summary of key clinical trials that lead to consensus studies. The practical utility of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as stimulated by administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has had substantial pilot clinical studies and basic science research completed. Recently multi-center clinical trials using PpIx fluorescence to guide resection have shown efficacy for improved short term survival. Exogenous agents are being developed and tested pre-clinically, and hopefully hold the potential for long term survival benefit if they provide additional capabilities for resection of micro-invasive disease or certain tumor sub-types that do not produce PpIX or help delineate low grade tumors. The range of technologies used for measurement and imaging ranges widely, with most clinical trials being carried out with either point probes or modified surgical microscopes. At this point in time, optimized probe approaches are showing efficacy in clinical trials, and fully commercialized imaging systems are emerging, which will clearly help lead to adoption into neurosurgical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Chen Y, Dhara S, Banerjee SR, Byun Y, Pullambhatla M, Mease RC, Pomper MG. A low molecular weight PSMA-based fluorescent imaging agent for cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:624-9. [PMID: 19818734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized YC-27 3 to provide a fluorescent imaging agent for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker for hormone-independent prostate cancer and tumor neovasculature, with suitable pharmacokinetics for use in vivo. Immediate precursor trifluoroacetate salt of 2-(3-{5-[7-(5-amino-1-carboxy-pentylcarbamoyl)-heptanoylamino]-1-carboxy-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid 2 was conjugated with a commercially available near-infrared light-emitting dye (IRDye 800CW) to provide 3 in 72% yield. YC-27 3 demonstrated a PSMA inhibitory activity of 0.37nM and was capable of generating target-to-nontarget ratios of at least 10 in PSMA-expressing PC3-PIP vs. PSMA-negative PC3-flu tumors in vivo. YC-27 3 may be useful for study of PSMA-expressing tissue in preclinical models or for intraoperative guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
O'Connor AE, Gallagher WM, Byrne AT. Porphyrin and nonporphyrin photosensitizers in oncology: preclinical and clinical advances in photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1053-74. [PMID: 19682322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a well-recognized modality for the treatment of cancer. While PDT has developed progressively over the last century, great advances have been observed in the field in recent years. The concept of dual selectivity of PDT agents is now widely accepted due to the relative specificity and selectivity of PDT along with the absence of harmful side effects often encountered with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Traditionally, porphyrin-based photosensitizers have dominated the PDT field but these first generation photosensitizers have several disadvantages, with poor light absorption and cutaneous photosensitivity being the predominant side effects. As a result, the requirement for new photosensitizers, including second generation porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives as well as third generation photosensitizers has arisen, with the aim of alleviating the problems encountered with first generation porphyrins and improving the efficacy of PDT. The investigation of nonporphyrin photosensitizers for the development of novel PDT agents has been considerably less extensive than porphyrin-based compounds; however, structural modification of nonporphyrin photosensitizers has allowed for manipulation of the photochemotherapeutic properties. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into PDT photosensitizers clinically approved for application in oncology, as well as those which show significant potential in ongoing preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling E O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|