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Ferreira JS, Bruschi DP. Tracking the Diversity and Chromosomal Distribution of the Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires of Three Anurans Species. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:793-805. [PMID: 37906255 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial capability for most vertebrates and is realized through olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. The enormous diversity of olfactory receptors has been created by gene duplication, following a birth-and-death model of evolution. The olfactory receptor genes of the amphibians have received relatively little attention up to now, although recent studies have increased the number of species for which data are available. This study analyzed the diversity and chromosomal distribution of the OR genes of three anuran species (Engystomops pustulosus, Bufo bufo and Hymenochirus boettgeri). The OR genes were identified through searches for homologies, and sequence filtering and alignment using bioinformatic tools and scripts. A high diversity of OR genes was found in all three species, ranging from 917 in B. bufo to 1194 in H. boettgeri, and a total of 2076 OR genes in E. pustulosus. Six OR groups were recognized using an evolutionary gene tree analysis. While E. pustulosus has one of the highest numbers of genes of the gamma group (which detect airborne odorants) yet recorded in an anuran, B. bufo presented the smallest number of pseudogene sequences ever identified, with no pseudogenes in either the beta or epsilon groups. Although H. boettgeri shares many morphological adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle with Xenopus, and presented a similar number of genes related to the detection of water-soluble odorants, it had comparatively far fewer genes related to the detection of airborne odorants. This study is the first to describe the complete OR repertoire of the three study species and represents an important contribution to the understanding of the evolution and function of the sense of smell in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Sousa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Citogenética Evolutiva e Conservação Animal (LabCECA), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pacheco Bruschi
- Laboratório de Citogenética Evolutiva e Conservação Animal (LabCECA), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil.
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2
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Data collected by citizen scientists reveal the role of climate and phylogeny on the frequency of shelter types used by frogs across the Americas. ZOOLOGY 2022; 155:126052. [PMID: 36152596 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Shelters are microhabitats where animals rest and hide. These microhabitats can be used from short daily periods to long-term estivation or hibernation. Environmental conditions and the phenotypical characteristics of the animal drive habitat selection in relation to shelters. Based on this, climate regions and phylogeny are expected to affect the use of different shelter types. Although shelters are yet to be described for most anuran species, a variety of microhabitats have already been reported as shelter-sites, including dense vegetation, rock crevices, and holes in the ground. In this study, we evaluated photos of frogs for sheltering behaviour from 29 countries in the Americas deposited on the popular citizen-science platform, iNaturalist. We compared the frequency of use of different shelter types identified on the photos among different climate regions and anuran families, also testing possible phylogenetic signals. We identified 11,133 photographs of 378 frog species showing individuals hiding in shelters or in a resting position. We classified observations into 10 shelter types, with live vegetation (24.7 %) being the most commonly recorded natural shelter, followed by hole in the ground (11.4 %) and tree trunk (11.1 %). The use of different shelter types varied between arid and humid climates, and also among different anuran families. We found strong phylogenetic signal for three shelter types (hole in the ground, live vegetation, and water) and the differences in shelter use among taxa suggest a relation with body characteristics. Approximately 47 % of observations of threatened and near threatened species were in hole in the ground, while artificial habitat represented only 3.6 % of the observations in this group. The daily pattern of shelter use corroborated the nocturnal activity of most species. Our findings also expanded the description of shelter sites for 330 species that had no published information on this behaviour. This study contributes to our current knowledge about animal behaviour and highlights the use of citizen science as an effective approach to understand the natural history of amphibians at a large scale.
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3
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Forti LR, Hepp F, de Souza JM, Protazio A, Szabo JK. Climate drives anuran breeding phenology in a continental perspective as revealed by citizen‐collected data. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Hepp
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Airan Protazio
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia Irecê Brazil
| | - Judit K. Szabo
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
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4
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European Plethodontid Salamanders on the Forest Floor: Testing for Age-Class Segregation and Habitat Selection. J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/20-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Shine R, Alford RA, Blennerhasset R, Brown GP, DeVore JL, Ducatez S, Finnerty P, Greenlees M, Kaiser SW, McCann S, Pettit L, Pizzatto L, Schwarzkopf L, Ward-Fear G, Phillips BL. Increased rates of dispersal of free-ranging cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their global invasion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23574. [PMID: 34876612 PMCID: PMC8651681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasions often accelerate through time, as dispersal-enhancing traits accumulate at the expanding range edge. How does the dispersal behaviour of individual organisms shift to increase rates of population spread? We collate data from 44 radio-tracking studies (in total, of 650 animals) of cane toads (Rhinella marina) to quantify distances moved per day, and the frequency of displacement in their native range (French Guiana) and two invaded areas (Hawai’i and Australia). We show that toads in their native-range, Hawai’i and eastern Australia are relatively sedentary, while toads dispersing across tropical Australia increased their daily distances travelled from 20 to 200 m per day. That increase reflects an increasing propensity to change diurnal retreat sites every day, as well as to move further during each nocturnal displacement. Daily changes in retreat site evolved earlier than did changes in distances moved per night, indicating a breakdown in philopatry before other movement behaviours were optimised to maximise dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Ross A Alford
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | | | - Gregory P Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Simon Ducatez
- UMR 241 EIO (UPF, IRD, IFREMER, ILM), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Patrick Finnerty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew Greenlees
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shannon W Kaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samantha McCann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lachlan Pettit
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ligia Pizzatto
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Phillips
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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DeVore JL, Shine R, Ducatez S. Spatial ecology of cane toads (Rhinella marina) in their native range: a radiotelemetric study from French Guiana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11817. [PMID: 34083703 PMCID: PMC8175754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Like most invasive species, cane toads have attracted less research in their native range than in invaded areas. We radio-tracked 34 free-ranging toads in French Guiana, a source region for most invasive populations, across two coastal and two rainforest sites. Coastal toads generally sheltered in pools of fresh or brackish water but nocturnally foraged on beaches, whereas rainforest toads sheltered in forested habitats, moving into open areas at night. Over five days of monitoring, native toads frequently re-used shelters and moved little between days (means = 10-63 m/site) compared to invasion-front toads from Australia (~ 250 m). Larger toads moved less between days, but displaced in more consistent directions. At night, foraging toads travelled up to 200 m before returning to shelters. Foraging distance was related to body condition at coastal sites, with toads in poorer body condition travelling farther. Rain increased the probability of coastal toads sheltering in the dry habitats where they foraged. Dispersal and rainfall were lower at coastal sites, and the strategies utilized by coastal toads to minimize water loss resembled those of invasive toads in semi-desert habitats. This global invader already exhibits a broad environmental niche and substantial behavioural flexibility within its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Simon Ducatez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), UMR 241 EIO (UPF, IRD, IFREMER, ILM), Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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7
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Colonization history affects heating rates of invasive cane toads. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12553. [PMID: 32724106 PMCID: PMC7387520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians in hot climates may be able to avoid high temperatures by controlling their rates of heating. In northern Australia, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) experience hot dry conditions in newly-colonized (western) sites but milder conditions in longer-occupied (eastern) sites. Under standardized conditions, toads from western sites heated less rapidly than did conspecifics from an eastern site. The availability of free water slowed heating rates of eastern but not western toads. Thus, the colonization of climatically extreme sites has been accompanied by a rapid shift in the toads’ ability to remain cool under hot conditions, even when free water is not available.
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Brodie S, Yasumiba K, Towsey M, Roe P, Schwarzkopf L. Acoustic monitoring reveals year-round calling by invasive toads in tropical Australia. BIOACOUSTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2019.1705183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryn Brodie
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Kiyomi Yasumiba
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Michael Towsey
- Ecoacoustics Research Group, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Roe
- Ecoacoustics Research Group, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Bird's nest fern epiphytes facilitate herpetofaunal arboreality and climate refuge in two paleotropic canopies. Oecologia 2019; 192:297-309. [PMID: 31823001 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In tropical forests, epiphytes increase habitat complexity and provision services rare to canopy environments, such as water retention, nutrient cycling, and microclimate refuge. These services facilitate species diversity and coexistence in terrestrial ecosystems, and while their utility in forest ecosystems is appreciated for the Bromeliaceae of the Neotropics, fewer studies have examined the role of Paleotropic epiphytes in ecological niche theory. Here, we compare herpetofaunal presence, abundance, and diversity of in bird's nest fern (Asplenium nidus complex; BNF) to other microhabitats in Madagascar and the Philippines. We measure BNF fern microclimates, examine temporal use of canopy microhabitats, and test models of fern characteristics hypothesized to predict herpetofaunal use. In both countries, one in five BNFs were occupied by herpetofauna, mostly amphibians, and species using BNFs were highly dissimilar from those in other microhabitats. Herpetofaunal presence and abundance were greater in BNFs than in other canopy microhabitats and were most commonly used during the day when fern temperatures were highly buffered. Finally, BNF area was the best predictor of herpetofaunal presence and abundance, compared to canopy cover and BNF height. Importantly, these patterns remained consistent despite the distinct phylogenetic histories of our two communities (Asian versus African). Our results suggests that BNFs and their microclimate services play a critical role in the ecology of two Paleotropic forests, and facilitate the use of canopy habitats by climate-sensitive species. However, future studies are needed to assess the consistency of BNFs' utility as a microclimate refuge across their large range.
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Cane toads (Rhinella marina) rely on water access, not drought tolerance, to invade xeric Australian environments. Oecologia 2018; 189:307-316. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Muller BJ, Cade BS, Schwarzkopf L. Effects of environmental variables on invasive amphibian activity: using model selection on quantiles for counts. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Muller
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4814 Australia
| | - Brian S. Cade
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Centre 2150 Centre Ave, Bldg C Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4814 Australia
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12
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Pereira G, Maneyro R. Reproductive biology of Melanophryniscus montevidensis (Anura: Bufonidae) from Uruguay: reproductive effort, fecundity, sex ratio and sexual size dimorphism. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2017.1364952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pereira
- Laboratorio de Sistemáticae Historia Natural de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raúl Maneyro
- Laboratorio de Sistemáticae Historia Natural de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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On the fringe of the invasion: the ecology of cane toads in marginally-suitable habitats. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Out of the ground: two coexisting fossorial toad species differ in their emergence and movement patterns. ZOOLOGY 2017; 121:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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The behavioural consequences of translocation: how do invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) respond to transport and release to novel environments? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Pereira G, Maneyro R. Movement Patterns in a Uruguayan Population ofMelanophryniscus montevidensis(Philippi, 1902) (Anura: Bufonidae) Using Photo-Identification for Individual Recognition. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-15-00020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Ward-Fear G, Greenlees MJ, Shine R. Toads on Lava: Spatial Ecology and Habitat Use of Invasive Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) in Hawai'i. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151700. [PMID: 27027738 PMCID: PMC4814139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ecological research on cane toads (Rhinella marina) has focused on invasive populations in Australia, ignoring other areas where toads have been introduced. We radio-tracked and spool-tracked 40 toads, from four populations on the island of Hawai'i. Toads moved extensively at night (mean 116 m, from spool-tracking) but returned to the same or a nearby retreat-site each day (from radio-tracking, mean distance between successive retreat sites 11 m; 0 m for 70% of records). Males followed straighter paths during nocturnal movements than did females. Because moist sites are scarce on the highly porous lava substrate, Hawai'ian toads depend on anthropogenic disturbance for shelter (e.g. beneath buildings), foraging (e.g. suburban lawns, golf courses) and breeding (artificial ponds). Foraging sites are further concentrated by a scarcity of flying insects (negating artificial lights as prey-attractors). Habitat use of toads shifted with time (at night, toads selected areas with less bare ground, canopy, understory and leaf-litter), and differed between sexes (females foraged in areas of bare ground with dense understory vegetation). Cane toads in Hawai'i thrive in scattered moist patches within a severely arid matrix, despite a scarcity of flying insects, testifying to the species' ability to exploit anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ward-Fear
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Greenlees
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Noronha-de-Souza CR, Bovo RP, Gargaglioni LH, Andrade DV, Bícego KC. Thermal biology of the toad Rhinella schneideri in a seminatural environment in southeastern Brazil. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:554-62. [PMID: 27227075 PMCID: PMC4843925 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1096437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The toad, Rhinella schneideri, is a large-bodied anuran amphibian with a broad distribution over South America. R. schneideri is known to be active at night during the warm/rainy months and goes into estivation during the dry/cold months; however, there is no data on the range of body temperatures (Tb) experienced by this toad in the field, and how environmental factors, thermoregulatory behaviors or activity influence them. By using implantable temperature dataloggers, we provide an examination of Tb variation during an entire year under a seminatural setting (emulating its natural habitat) monitored with thermosensors. We also used data on preferred Tb, allowing us to express the effectiveness of thermoregulation quantitatively. Paralleling its cycle of activity, R. schneideri exhibited differences in its daily and seasonal profile of Tb variation. During the active season, toads spent daytime hours in shelters and, therefore, did not explore microhabitats with higher thermal quality, such as open areas in the sun. At nighttime, the thermal suitability of microhabitats shifted as exposed microhabitats experienced greater temperature drops than the more insulated shelter. As toads became active at night, they were driven to the more exposed areas and, as a result, thermoregulatory effectiveness decreased. Our results, therefore, indicate that, during the active season, a compromise between thermoregulation and nocturnal activity may be at play. During the estivation period, R. schneideri spent the entire day cycle inside the shelter. As toads did not engage in nocturnal activity in those areas with low thermal quality, the overall effectiveness of thermoregulation was, indeed, elevated. In conclusion, we showed that daily and seasonal variation in Tb of an anuran species is highly associated with their respective pattern of activity and may involve important physiological and ecological compromises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael P Bovo
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Bioscience; São Paulo State University ; Rio Claro; São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology; College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal; São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada)
| | - Denis V Andrade
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Bioscience; São Paulo State University; Rio Claro; São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada)
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology; College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal; São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada)
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19
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Lunghi E, Manenti R, Ficetola GF. Seasonal variation in microhabitat of salamanders: environmental variation or shift of habitat selection? PeerJ 2015; 3:e1122. [PMID: 26290788 PMCID: PMC4540018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between species and their habitats are not always constant. Different processes may determine changes in species-habitat association: individuals may prefer different habitat typologies in different periods, or they may be forced to occupy a different habitat in order to follow the changing environment. The aim of our study was to assess whether cave salamanders change their habitat association pattern through the year, and to test whether such changes are determined by environmental changes or by changes in preferences. We monitored multiple caves in Central Italy through one year, and monthly measured biotic and abiotic features of microhabitat and recorded Italian cave salamanders distribution. We used mixed models and niche similarity tests to assess whether species-habitat relationships remain constant through the year. Microhabitat showed strong seasonal variation, with the highest variability in the superficial sectors. Salamanders were associated to relatively cold and humid sectors in summer, but not during winter. Such apparent shift in habitat preferences mostly occurred because the environmental gradient changed through the year, while individuals generally selected similar conditions. Nevertheless, juveniles were more tolerant to dry sectors during late winter, when food demand was highest. This suggests that tolerance for suboptimal abiotic conditions may change through time, depending on the required resources. Differences in habitat use are jointly determined by environmental variation through time, and by changes in the preferred habitat. The trade-offs between tolerance and resources requirement are major determinant of such variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lunghi
- Universität Trier Fachbereich VI Raum- und Umweltwissenschaften Biogeographie, Campus I, Gebäude N Universitätsring, Trier, Germany
- Natural Oasis, Prato, Italy
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola,”Firenze, Italy
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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20
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Ocock JF, Kingsford RT, Penman TD, Rowley JJL. Frogs during the flood: Differential behaviours of two amphibian species in a dryland floodplain wetland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Ocock
- Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscapes Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscapes Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Trent D. Penman
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires; Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management; University of Wollongong; Wollongong
| | - Jodi J. L. Rowley
- Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscapes Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Museum Research Institute; Australian Museum; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Webb JK, Letnic M, Jessop TS, Dempster T. Behavioural flexibility allows an invasive vertebrate to survive in a semi-arid environment. Biol Lett 2014; 10:20131014. [PMID: 24573152 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity or evolution in behavioural responses are key attributes of successful animal invasions. In northern Australia, the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) recently invaded semi-arid regions. Here, cane toads endure repeated daily bouts of severe desiccation and thermal stress during the long dry season (April-October). We investigated whether cane toads have shifted their ancestral nocturnal rehydration behaviour to one that exploits water resources during the day. Such a shift in hydration behaviour could increase the fitness of individual toads by reducing exposure to desiccation and thermal stress suffered during the day even within terrestrial shelters. We used a novel method (acoustic tags) to monitor the daily hydration behaviour of 20 toads at two artificial reservoirs on Camfield station, Northern Territory. Remarkably, cane toads visited reservoirs to rehydrate during daylight hours, with peaks in activity between 9.00 and 17.00. This diurnal pattern of rehydration activity contrasts with nocturnal rehydration behaviour exhibited by adult toads in their native geographical range and more mesic parts of Australia. Our results demonstrate that cane toads phase shift a key behaviour to survive in a harsh semi-arid landscape. Behavioural phase shifts have rarely been reported in invasive species but could facilitate ongoing invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Webb
- School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, , Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Hillman SS, Drewes RC, Hedrick MS, Hancock TV. Physiological Vagility: Correlations with Dispersal and Population Genetic Structure of Amphibians. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:105-12. [DOI: 10.1086/671109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cabrera-Guzmán E, Crossland MR, González-Bernal E, Shine R. The interacting effects of ungulate hoofprints and predatory native ants on metamorph cane toads in tropical Australia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79496. [PMID: 24255703 PMCID: PMC3821862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many invasive species exploit the disturbed habitats created by human activities. Understanding the effects of habitat disturbance on invasion success, and how disturbance interacts with other factors (such as biotic resistance to the invaders from the native fauna) may suggest new ways to reduce invader viability. In tropical Australia, commercial livestock production can facilitate invasion by the cane toad (Rhinella marina), because hoofprints left by cattle and horses around waterbody margins provide distinctive (cool, moist) microhabitats; nevertheless the same microhabitat can inhibit the success of cane toads by increasing the risks of predation or drowning. Metamorph cane toads actively select hoofprints as retreat-sites to escape dangerous thermal and hydric conditions in the surrounding landscape. However, hoofprint geometry is important: in hoofprints with steep sides the young toads are more likely to be attacked by predatory ants (Iridomyrmex reburrus) and are more likely to drown following heavy rain. Thus, anthropogenic changes to the landscape interact with predation by native taxa to affect the ability of cane toads in this vulnerable life-history stage to thrive in the harsh abiotic conditions of tropical Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cabrera-Guzmán
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Crossland
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edna González-Bernal
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Long Z, Prepas E. Scale and landscape perception: the case of refuge use by Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Refugia likely represent a critical resource necessary for the persistence of populations of Boreal Toads ( Anaxyrus boreas boreas (Baird and Girard, 1852)) in a given area. However, the features that define suitable refuge microsites and the extent to which the habitat surrounding refugia is exploited remains unclear. We sought to describe refuge characteristics in the context of their surroundings and to determine whether local-scale movement behaviour associated with refuge use might provide a novel perspective of landscape-level habitat selection. A pilot study suggested that refugia were selected primarily for physical structure in the form of coarse woody debris, but this was not the case. Instead, refugia provided favourable microclimates with elevated relative humidity compared with the surrounding habitat. Boreal Toads tended to forage at night within 15 m from refugia. This distance was used to calculate activity centres across toad summer home ranges. Activity centres prioritized the importance of treeless habitat overall and wetland habitat for females when compared with 50% core home ranges. This approach could be used to pinpoint critical habitat at the landscape scale, which may be of particular importance for conserving populations currently in decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.L. Long
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - E.E. Prepas
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Abom R, Bell K, Hodgson L, Schwarzkopf L. Moving Day and Night: Highly Labile Diel Activity Patterns in a Tropical Snake. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Abom
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Kris Bell
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Lauren Hodgson
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville; QLD 4811; Australia
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Heemeyer JL, Williams PJ, Lannoo MJ. Obligate crayfish burrow use and core habitat requirements of crawfish frogs. J Wildl Manage 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Heise-Pavlov SR, Longway LJ. Diet and dietary selectivity of Cane Toads (Rhinella marina) in restoration sites: a case study in Far North Queensland, Australia. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seebacher F, Franklin CE. Physiology of invasion: cane toads are constrained by thermal effects on physiological mechanisms that support locomotor performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 214:1437-44. [PMID: 21490252 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.053124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that constrain the invasiveness of introduced animals is essential for managing invasions and for predicting their limits. In most vertebrate species, the capacity for invasion relies upon the physiological systems that support locomotion, and oxygen transport and metabolism may become limiting as environmental temperatures increase as predicted by the oxygen limitation hypothesis. Here we test the oxygen limitation hypothesis and propose the alternative hypothesis that within-individual plasticity will compensate for thermal variation. We show that during exercise in the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) oxygen transport by the cardiovascular system was maximised in warm-acclimated toads at high (30°C) temperatures, and that oxygen content of arterial blood was not affected by temperature. Resting oxygen consumption remained stable across a 10°C temperature range (20-30°C) when toads were allowed to acclimate, so that there was no increase in resting oxygen demand that could lead to a decrease in aerobic scope at high temperatures. Additionally, temperature acclimation had no effect on arterial-venous differences in oxygen partial pressures. Toads relied more on glycolytic ATP production at low temperatures to support locomotor activity. Mitochondrial capacities (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities) were greatest at warmer temperatures. Interestingly, the metabolic cost of exercise increased at low temperatures. In contradiction to predictions by the oxygen limitation hypothesis, aerobic performance was not limited by high temperatures. On the contrary, the relatively slow advance of cane toads to cooler climates can be explained by the constraints of low temperatures on the physiological systems supporting locomotion. It is likely that human-induced global warming will facilitate invasions of environments that are currently too cool to support cane toads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- Integrative Physiology, School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Brown GP, Kelehear C, Shine R. Effects of seasonal aridity on the ecology and behaviour of invasive cane toads in the Australian wet-dry tropics. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kolbe JJ, Kearney M, Shine R. Modeling the consequences of thermal trait variation for the cane toad invasion of Australia. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:2273-2285. [PMID: 21265457 DOI: 10.1890/09-1973.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic species distribution models (SDMs) are ideally suited for predicting the nonnative distributions of invasive species, but require accurate parameterization of key functional traits. Importantly, any ability of the invader to acclimate or adapt rapidly to local conditions must be incorporated. Our field and laboratory studies measured phenotypic variation and tested for plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance and low-temperature tolerance of adult cane toads Bufo marinus in eastern Australia. We used a biophysical model to explore the adaptive significance of this variation and how it affected distribution predictions. Laboratory trials showed that geographic differences in low-temperature tolerance (i.e., the critical thermal minimum; CTMin) of field-caught toads reflect thermal acclimation, whereas populations differed in the thermal dependence of locomotor performance even after acclimation. Incorporating low-temperature tolerance as a dimension of the fundamental niche reduced the predicted southern distribution. To test whether these factors predicted to be range limiting were consistent with reduced performance for individuals, we used the biophysical model and daily climate data to conduct "virtual transplants." These models predicted that acclimation reduced cold stress by 32-100% for toads sheltering near the ground surface; toads inside burrows could remain above their CTMin, but the required burrow depth increased with latitude. Low-temperature tolerance of the adult phase may constrain the southern range limit of the cane toad in Australia, and plasticity in this trait may have facilitated the southward range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Kolbe
- School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Yu T, Guo Y, Lu X. Habitat selection of Asiatic toad, Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842), in southwestern China. RUSS J ECOL+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413610020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oromí N, Sanuy D, Sinsch U. Thermal ecology of natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) in a semiarid landscape. J Therm Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Penman TD, Lemckert FL, Mahony MJ. Spatial ecology of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus): implications for conservation prescriptions. AUST J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/zo08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Management of threatened anurans requires an understanding of a species’ behaviour and habitat requirements in both the breeding and non-breeding environments. The giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) is a threatened species in south-eastern Australia. Little is known about its habitat requirements, creating difficulties in developing management strategies for the species. We radio-tracked 33 individual H. australiacus in order to determine their habitat use and behaviour. Data from 33 frogs followed for between 5 and 599 days show that individuals spend little time near (<15 m) their breeding sites (mean 4.7 days for males and 6.3 days for females annually). Most time is spent in distinct non-breeding activity areas 20–250 m from the breeding sites. Activity areas of females were further from the breeding site (mean 143 m) than those of males (mean 99 m), but were not significantly different in size (overall mean 500 m2; males 553 m2; females 307 m2). Within activity areas, each frog used 1–14 burrows repeatedly, which we term home burrows. Existing prescriptions are inappropriate for this species and we propose protection of key populations in the landscape as a more appropriate means of protecting this species.
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PHILLIPS BENJAMINL, BROWN GREGORYP, GREENLEES MATTHEW, WEBB JONATHANK, SHINE RICHARD. Rapid expansion of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) invasion front in tropical Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Griffiths AD, McKay JL. Cane toads reduce the abundance and site occupancy of Merten's water monitor (Varanus mertensi). WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/wr07024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduced into Australia in 1935, the cane toad (Chaunus [Bufo] marinus) threatens native vertebrate predators. However, there have been few rigorous quantitative studies on species threatened by this toxic invasive species. This study examines the changes in abundance and proportion of sites occupied by Merten’s water monitor (Varanus mertensi) at a site in the Northern Territory following invasion by cane toads. The study was located at Manton Dam Recreation Area, 70 km south of Darwin, and ran for 18 months. Cane toads were first detected at the study site in February 2005, three months after the first survey, and their abundance remained low until February 2006, when an increase was observed. The abundance of V. mertensi declined substantially 8 months after the arrival of cane toads and remained low. The probability of detection of V. mertensi varied considerably within and among surveys, and was higher in the wet season surveys. The proportion of sites occupied by V. mertensi at the start of the study was 0.95 ± 0.03. Site occupancy remained high for 6 months after the arrival of cane toads, but declined gradually to a low of 0.15 ± 0.16 within 12 months. There has been demonstrable change in the abundance and proportion of sites occupied by V. mertensi following the colonisation of cane toads, but the population has been able to persist. Monitoring of populations impacted by cane toads may provide unique opportunities to understand processes underlying local extinction and colonisation of native predators following the impact of invasive species.
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Penman TD, Lemckert FL, Mahony MJ. Meteorological effects on the activity of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) in south-eastern Australia. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/wr04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Activity of amphibians is strongly related to meteorological conditions. The threatened giant burrowing frog is rarely encountered, even when it is known to be present in an area. To improve its detectability and so improve our ability to manage the species we wanted to determine the conditions under which this species is active. Thirty-three frogs were tracked over a 2-year period, their location determined daily and activity measured as the proportion of frogs moved from the previous day. Animals were found to be active throughout the year and activity was associated with rainfall, humidity, temperature and wind strength. The results suggest that surveys for this species should be carried out after rainfall of at least 5mm, when temperatures are above 8°C, relative humidity above 60% and in still or light wind conditions.
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Short-Term Movement and Retreat Sites of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) during the Breeding Season: A Spool-and-Line Tracking Study. J HERPETOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1670/155-04n.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kokubum MNDC, Giaretta AA. Reproductive ecology and behaviour of a species ofAdenomera(Anura, Leptodactylinae) with endotrophic tadpoles: Systematic implications. J NAT HIST 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930400021515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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James SM, Little EE, Semlitsch RD. The effect of soil composition and hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 132:523-532. [PMID: 15325468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The soil ecotoxicology literature has focused primarily on a few major taxa, to the neglect of other fossorial organisms such as amphibians. We selected cadmium (Cd) and the American toad (Bufo americanus) as a model contaminant and biological species to assess the impact of soil contamination on amphibian hibernation survival and post-hibernation condition. Soil sand composition (50, 70, 90%) and hydration (100, 150% water holding capacity (WHC)) were manipulated in addition to Cd concentration (0, 56, 165, 483 microg/g) to determine whether these soil properties affect toxicity. Soil Cd concentration significantly reduced survival and locomotor performance, and was correlated negatively with percent mass loss and positively with whole body Cd concentration. Higher sand content resulted in less mass loss and greater Cd uptake. Toads that were hibernated in 50% sand hydrated to 100% WHC had higher survival, less mass loss, and better sprint performance than those hibernated in 50% sand, 150% WHC. This study demonstrates that concentrations of Cd found in soil at highly contaminated sites can be bioaccumulated by hibernating amphibians and may reduce fitness. Differences in microhabitat use may cause species to vary in their exposure and susceptibility to soil contamination. The toxicity of Cd to amphibians could be greater in natural systems where there are multiple stressors and fluctuations in environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M James
- Division of Biological Sciences, 105 Tucker Hall, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA.
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Ávila RW, Ferreira VL. Riqueza e densidade de vocalizações de anuros (Amphibia) em uma área urbana de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81752004000400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A riqueza e intensidade de vocalizações de anuros em uma área urbana de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, foram estudadas de fevereiro de 2002 a Janeiro de 2003 em uma poça temporária. Foi utilizado um transecto com quatro pontos de escuta onde foram consideradas as espécies visualizadas e a intensidade das respectivas vocalizações. Foram registradas 16 espécies de quatro famílias: Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (7), Microhylidae (1) e Leptodactylidae (6). O período reprodutivo dessas espécies esteve correlacionado com a estação chuvosa, de dezembro a março (r² = 0,806, F(1,10) = 41,530 p = 0,002, n = 12). As espécies que apresentaram maior intensidade de vocalização foram Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) e Physalaemus albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864), com picos em janeiro. A espécie que apresentou maior período de vocalização foi Leptodactylus fuscus, de setembro a fevereiro. O maior número de espécies e de indivíduos vocalizando ocorreu de 19:00 às 23:00 h.
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Retreat Site Selection during Winter in the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea Lesson. J HERPETOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1670/85-02an] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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