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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Żołyniak A, Barnaś E, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Oleś P, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Brain Tumors-A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206847. [PMID: 36296440 PMCID: PMC9607067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neoplastic disease of the brain is still a challenge for modern medicine. Therefore, advanced methodologies are needed that can rationally and successfully contribute to the early diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors growing within the brain. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a valuable method of treatment for precancerous and cancerous lesions including brain tumors. The main advantage of PDT is its high efficiency, minimal invasiveness and no serious side effects, compared with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review was conducted through a comprehensive search of articles, scientific information databases and the websites of organizations dealing with cancer treatment. Key points from clinical trials conducted by other researchers are also discussed. The common databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Scopus, and Elsevier were used. Articles in the English language of reliable credibility were mainly analyzed. The type of publications considered included clinical and preclinical studies, systematic reviews, and case reports. Based on these collected materials, we see that scientists have already demonstrated the potential of PDT application in the field of brain tumors. Therefore, in this review, the treatment of neoplasm of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the most common tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), have been explored. In addition, an overview of the general principles of PDT, as well as the mechanism of action of the therapy as a therapeutic platform for brain tumors, is described. The research was carried out in June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Żołyniak
- Students Biochemistry Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Edyta Barnaś
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniążek
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Ai X, Wang S, Duan Y, Zhang Q, Chen M, Gao W, Zhang L. Emerging Approaches to Functionalizing Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles. Biochemistry 2021; 60:941-955. [PMID: 32452667 PMCID: PMC8507422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant interest in developing cell membrane-coated nanoparticles due to their unique abilities of biomimicry and biointerfacing. As the technology progresses, it becomes clear that the application of these nanoparticles can be drastically broadened if additional functions beyond those derived from the natural cell membranes can be integrated. Herein, we summarize the most recent advances in the functionalization of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. In particular, we focus on emerging methods, including (1) lipid insertion, (2) membrane hybridization, (3) metabolic engineering, and (4) genetic modification. These approaches contribute diverse functions in a nondisruptive fashion while preserving the natural function of the cell membranes. They also improve on the multifunctional and multitasking ability of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, making them more adaptive to the complexity of biological systems. We hope that these approaches will serve as inspiration for more strategies and innovations to advance cell membrane coating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhao Ai
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yaou Duan
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Qiangzhe Zhang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Maggie Chen
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Departments of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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3
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Hasan MM, Ragnarsson L, Cardoso FC, Lewis RJ. Transfection methods for high-throughput cellular assays of voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels involved in pain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243645. [PMID: 33667217 PMCID: PMC7935312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical transfection is broadly used to transiently transfect mammalian cells, although often associated with cellular stress and membrane instability, which imposes challenges for most cellular assays, including high-throughput (HT) assays. In the current study, we compared the effectiveness of calcium phosphate, FuGENE and Lipofectamine 3000 to transiently express two key voltage-gated ion channels critical in pain pathways, CaV2.2 and NaV1.7. The expression and function of these channels were validated using two HT platforms, the Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader FLIPRTetra and the automated patch clamp QPatch 16X. We found that all transfection methods tested demonstrated similar effectiveness when applied to FLIPRTetra assays. Lipofectamine 3000-mediated transfection produced the largest peak currents for automated patch clamp QPatch assays. However, the FuGENE-mediated transfection was the most effective for QPatch assays as indicated by the superior number of cells displaying GΩ seal formation in whole-cell patch clamp configuration, medium to large peak currents, and higher rates of accomplished assays for both CaV2.2 and NaV1.7 channels. Our findings can facilitate the development of HT automated patch clamp assays for the discovery and characterization of novel analgesics and modulators of pain pathways, as well as assisting studies examining the pharmacology of mutated channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahadhi Hasan
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Fernanda C. Cardoso
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (FCC); (RJL)
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (FCC); (RJL)
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Hosseinpour S, Xu C, Walsh LJ. Impact of photobiomodulation using four diode laser wavelengths of on cationic liposome gene transfection into pre-osteoblast cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112108. [PMID: 33418241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy can be an effective treatment modality for some severe genetic diseases. Despite efforts to improve their performance, non-viral gene delivery methods remain inefficient and costly. As an alternative to viral vectors, cationic liposomes have a good safety profile and low immunogenicity, but relatively low transfection efficiency. They may also be toxic to cells at high concentrations. Given these challenges, the present study explored the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cationic liposome plasmid DNA transfection in terms of its efficiency and toxicity, using Lipofectamine 2000 to carry green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding plasmid DNA, with the pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell line as the target. Cultures were irradiated using diode lasers (445, 685, 810, or 970 nm) at 200 mW using pulsed mode (50 Hz), with a power density of 104.64 mW/cm2, and irradiance from 6 to 18 joules. To determine transfection efficiency, expression of GFP was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. PBM using 810 nm and 970 nm lasers significantly enhanced transfection efficiency for GFP, indicating more efficient uptake of plasmid DNA. Conversely, laser irradiation at 445 nm and 685 nm wavelengths reduced the GFP transfection efficiency. Treatment using 685, 810, and 970 nm lasers at 12 J maintained cell viability and prevented toxicity of cationic liposomes. Overall, these findings support the concept that PBM using near infrared laser wavelengths can enhance transfection efficiency and support cell viability when cationic liposomes are used as the vector in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepanta Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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3D Nanochannel Array for High-Throughput Cell Manipulation and Electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31468477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9740-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Electroporation has been one of the most commonly used physical methods for gene/drug delivery. Compared to other nonviral counterparts, electroporation enables optimization of delivery efficiency by tuning the electric field applied on cells. Commercial electroporation, however, results in stochastic transfection and significant cellular damage mostly due to its "bulk" environment. In this chapter, we introduce nanoelectroporation (NEP) which has demonstrated living cell transfection in a highly controllable manner. In NEP, the electric field can be precisely focused on a single cell positioned on nanochannels. Safe single-cell electroporation as well as "electrophoretic" molecular delivery can be achieved on the same device. This system achieves significantly higher transfection efficiency and cellular viability than commercial systems. This device is unique in that it can efficiently deliver genetic molecules (e.g., DNAs, RNAs) that exceed 10 kbp in size. The NEP device based on a 3D nanochannel array prototype was fabricated using cleanroom techniques. For achieving precise cell to nanochannel pairing, three on-chip high-throughput manipulation technologies were developed, that is, magnetic tweezers (MT), dielectrophoresis (DEP), and thin-film microfluidics.
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6
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Du X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yao C. Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1516-1525. [PMID: 29968512 PMCID: PMC6058615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery as a promising and valid tool has been used for treating many serious diseases that conventional drug therapies cannot cure. Due to the advancement of physical technology and nanotechnology, advanced physical gene delivery methods such as electroporation, magnetoporation, sonoporation and optoporation have been extensively developed and are receiving increasing attention, which have the advantages of briefness and nontoxicity. This review introduces the technique detail of membrane perforation, with a brief discussion for future development, with special emphasis on nanoparticles mediated optoporation that have developed as an new alternative transfection technique in the last two decades. In particular, the advanced physical approaches development and new technology are highlighted, which intends to stimulate rapid advancement of perforation techniques, develop new delivery strategies and accelerate application of these techniques in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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7
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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8
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Chang SY, Park YH, Carpena NT, Pham TT, Chung PS, Jung JY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation promotes adenoviral gene transduction in auditory cells. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:367-375. [PMID: 30105484 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the delivery of a therapeutic gene into target cells to treat disorders by replacing disease-causing mutated genes with healthy ones. Gene therapy of the inner ear has been recently described, with applications for sensorineural hearing loss. However, gene delivery to the location of the inner ear, and thus efficacy of therapy, is challenging. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with a low-level laser has been suggested to have a therapeutic effect and has the potential to augment gene therapy. To investigate whether PBM improves the rate of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated viral delivery, we compared low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and non-LLLT HEI-OC1 cells treated with an Ad viral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP). Cultured HEI-OC1 cells were divided into six groups: no treatment control, LLLT only, 1 μL Ad-GFP, 3 μL Ad-GFP, 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT, and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT (LLLT: 808 nm at 15 mW for 15 min). Cells were irradiated twice: at 2 h and again at 24 h. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to statistically analyze differences between the control and treatment groups. The viral inoculations used in this study did not change the amount of viable HEI-OC1 cells (N = 4-8). The 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT groups showed an increased density of GFP-positive cells compared to 1 μL and 3 μL Ad-GFP cells (N = 5-8, 1 μL: p = 0.0159; 3 μL: p = 0.0168,). The quantitative analysis of the epifluorescence of the 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT, and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT groups revealed increased GFP expression/cell compared to 1 μL and 3 μL Ad-GFP cells (N = 6-15, 1 μL: p = 0.0082; 3 μL: p = 0.0012). The RT-qPCR results were consistent (N = 4-5, p = 0.0159). These findings suggest that PBM may enhance the gene delivery of Ad-mediated viral transduction, and the combination of the two may be a promising tool for gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nathaniel T Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tiffany T Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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9
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López-Marín LM, Rivera AL, Fernández F, Loske AM. Shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells. Phys Life Rev 2018; 26-27:1-38. [PMID: 29685859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controlled permeabilization of mammalian cell membranes is fundamental to develop gene and cell therapies based on macromolecular cargo delivery, a process that emerged against an increasing number of health afflictions, including genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Viral vectors have been successfully used for macromolecular delivery; however, they may have unpredictable side effects and have been limited to life-threatening cases. Thus, several chemical and physical methods have been explored to introduce drugs, vaccines, and nucleic acids into cells. One of the most appealing physical methods to deliver genes into cells is shock wave-induced poration. High-speed microjets of fluid, emitted due to the collapse of microbubbles after shock wave passage, represent the most significant mechanism that contributes to cell membrane poration by this technique. Herein, progress in shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells is presented. After covering the main concepts related to molecular strategies whose applications depend on safer drug delivery methods, the physics behind shock wave phenomena is described. Insights into the use of shock waves for cell membrane permeation are discussed, along with an overview of the two major biomedical applications thereof-i.e., genetic modification and anti-cancer shock wave-assisted chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize 30 years of data showing underwater shock waves as a safe, noninvasive method for macromolecular delivery into mammalian cells, encouraging the development of further research, which is still required before the introduction of this promising tool into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M López-Marín
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares & Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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Kalies S, Keil S, Sender S, Hammer SC, Antonopoulos GC, Schomaker M, Ripken T, Murua Escobar H, Meyer H, Heinemann D. Characterization of the cellular response triggered by gold nanoparticle-mediated laser manipulation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:115005. [PMID: 26562032 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based transfection techniques have proven high applicability in several cell biologic applications. The delivery of different molecules using these techniques has been extensively investigated. In particular, new high-throughput approaches such as gold nanoparticle–mediated laser transfection allow efficient delivery of antisense molecules or proteins into cells preserving high cell viabilities. However, the cellular response to the perforation procedure is not well understood. We herein analyzed the perforation kinetics of single cells during resonant gold nanoparticle–mediated laser manipulation with an 850-ps laser system at a wavelength of 532 nm. Inflow velocity of propidium iodide into manipulated cells reached a maximum within a few seconds. Experiments based on the inflow of FM4-64 indicated that the membrane remains permeable for a few minutes for small molecules. To further characterize the cellular response postmanipulation, we analyzed levels of oxidative heat or general stress. Although we observed an increased formation of reactive oxygen species by an increase of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, heat shock protein 70 was not upregulated in laser-treated cells. Additionally, no evidence of stress granule formation was visible by immunofluorescence staining. The data provided in this study help to identify the cellular reactions to gold nanoparticle–mediated laser manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kalies
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keil
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Susanne C Hammer
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Bünteweg 9, Hannover 30599, GermanycUniversity of Rostock, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Medicine, Ernst-Heydemann-Street 6, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Georgios C Antonopoulos
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Markus Schomaker
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Bünteweg 9, Hannover 30599, GermanycUniversity of Rostock, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Medicine, Ernst-Heydemann-Street 6, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Dag Heinemann
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Department of Biomedical Optics, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover 30419, Germany
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11
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Chang L, Howdyshell M, Liao WC, Chiang CL, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z, Lu W, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N, Lee LJ, Sooryakumar R. Magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation for high-throughput gene transfection in living cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1818-1828. [PMID: 25469659 PMCID: PMC4397144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput magnetic tweezers-based 3D microchannel electroporation system capable of transfecting 40 000 cells/cm(2) on a single chip for gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and intracellular detection of target mRNA for screening cellular heterogeneity is reported. A single cell or an ordered array of individual cells are remotely guided by programmable magnetic fields to poration sites with high (>90%) cell alignment efficiency to enable various transfection reagents to be delivered simultaneously into the cells. The present technique, in contrast to the conventional vacuum-based approach, is significantly gentler on the cellular membrane yielding >90% cell viability and, moreover, allows transfected cells to be transported for further analysis. Illustrating the versatility of the system, the GATA2 molecular beacon is delivered into leukemia cells to detect the regulation level of the GATA2 gene that is associated with the initiation of leukemia. The uniform delivery and a sharp contrast of fluorescence intensity between GATA2 positive and negative cells demonstrate key aspects of the platform for gene transfer, screening and detection of targeted intracellular markers in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Marci Howdyshell
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liao
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Wu Lu
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA. Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43209, USA
| | - L. James. Lee
- NSEC Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
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12
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AWAIS M, VORONINA SG, SUTTON R. An Efficient Method is Required to Transfect Non-dividing Cells with Genetically Encoded Optical Probes for Molecular Imaging. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:293-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad AWAIS
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital
| | - Svetlana G VORONINA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The University of Liverpool
| | - Robert SUTTON
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital
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13
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Sridhara V, Joshi RP. Numerical study of lipid translocation driven by nanoporation due to multiple high-intensity, ultrashort electrical pulses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:902-9. [PMID: 24239610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamical translocation of lipids from one leaflet to another due to membrane permeabilization driven by nanosecond, high-intensity (>100kV/cm) electrical pulses has been probed. Our simulations show that lipid molecules can translocate by diffusion through water-filled nanopores which form following high voltage application. Our focus is on multiple pulsing, and such simulations are relevant to gauge the time duration over which nanopores might remain open, and facilitate continued lipid translocations and membrane transport. Our results are indicative of a N(½) scaling with pulse number for the pore radius. These results bode well for the use of pulse trains in biomedical applications, not only due to cumulative behaviors and in reducing electric intensities and pulsing hardware, but also due to the possibility of long-lived thermo-electric physics near the membrane, and the possibility for pore coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanadham Sridhara
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas, 2415 Speedway, C4500, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ravindra P Joshi
- Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Frank Reidy Center for Bio-Electrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0246, USA.
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14
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Physical non-viral gene delivery methods for tissue engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 41:446-68. [PMID: 23099792 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integration of gene therapy into tissue engineering to control differentiation and direct tissue formation is not a new concept; however, successful delivery of nucleic acids into primary cells, progenitor cells, and stem cells has proven exceptionally challenging. Viral vectors are generally highly effective at delivering nucleic acids to a variety of cell populations, both dividing and non-dividing, yet these viral vectors are marred by significant safety concerns. Non-viral vectors are preferred for gene therapy, despite lower transfection efficiencies, and possess many customizable attributes that are desirable for tissue engineering applications. However, there is no single non-viral gene delivery strategy that "fits-all" cell types and tissues. Thus, there is a compelling opportunity to examine different non-viral vectors, especially physical vectors, and compare their relative degrees of success. This review examines the advantages and disadvantages of physical non-viral methods (i.e., microinjection, ballistic gene delivery, electroporation, sonoporation, laser irradiation, magnetofection, and electric field-induced molecular vibration), with particular attention given to electroporation because of its versatility, with further special emphasis on Nucleofection™. In addition, attributes of cellular character that can be used to improve differentiation strategies are examined for tissue engineering applications. Ultimately, electroporation exhibits a high transfection efficiency in many cell types, which is highly desirable for tissue engineering applications, but electroporation and other physical non-viral gene delivery methods are still limited by poor cell viability. Overcoming the challenge of poor cell viability in highly efficient physical non-viral techniques is the key to using gene delivery to enhance tissue engineering applications.
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15
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Praveen BB, Stevenson DJ, Antkowiak M, Dholakia K, Gunn-Moore FJ. Enhancement and optimization of plasmid expression in femtosecond optical transfection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:229-235. [PMID: 21446012 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell transfection using femtosecond lasers is gaining importance for its proven ability to achieve selective transfection in a sterile and relatively non-invasive manner. However, the net efficiency of this technique is limited due to a number of factors that ultimately makes it difficult to be used as a viable and widely used technique. We report here a method to achieve significant enhancement in the efficiency of femtosecond optical transfection. The transfection procedure is modified by incorporating a suitable synthetic peptide containing nuclear localization and DNA binding sequences, assisting DNA import into the nucleus. We achieved a 3-fold enhancement in the transfection efficiency for adherent Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells with this modified protocol. Further, in the presence of this biochemical reagent, we were able to reduce the required plasmid concentration by ~70% without compromising the transfection efficiency. Also, we report for the first time the successful photo-transfection of recently trypsinised cells with significantly high transfection efficiency when transfected with modified plasmid. This paves the way for the development of high throughput microfluidic optical transfection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavishna B Praveen
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK.
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16
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Ma N, Ashok PC, Stevenson DJ, Gunn-Moore FJ, Dholakia K. Integrated optical transfection system using a microlens fiber combined with microfluidic gene delivery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:694-705. [PMID: 21258501 PMCID: PMC3017995 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical transfection is a promising technique for the delivery of foreign genetic material into cells by transiently changing the permeability of the cell membrane. Of the different optical light sources that have been used, femtosecond laser based transfection has been one of the most effective methods for optical transfection which is generally implemented using a free space bulk optical setup. In conventional optical transfection methods the foreign genetic material to be transfected is homogenously mixed in the medium. Here we report the first realization of an integrated optical transfection system which can achieve transfection along with localized drug delivery by combining a microlens fiber based optical transfection system with a micro-capillary based microfluidic system. A fiber based illumination system is also incorporated in the system in order to achieve visual identification of the cell boundaries during transfection. A novel fabrication method is devised to obtain easy and inexpensive fabrication of microlensed fibers, which can be used for femtosecond optical transfection. This fabrication method offers the flexibility to fabricate a microlens which can focus ultra-short laser pulses at a near infrared wavelength to a small focal spot (~3 µm) whilst keeping a relatively large working distance (~20 µm). The transfection efficiency of the integrated system with localized plasmid DNA delivery, is approximately 50%, and is therefore comparable to that of a standard free space transfection system. Also the use of integrated system for localized gene delivery resulted in a reduction of the required amount of DNA for transfection. The miniaturized, integrated design opens a range of exciting experimental possibilities, including the dosing of tissue slices, targeted drug delivery, and targeted gene therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ma
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - P. C. Ashok
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - D. J. Stevenson
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - F. J. Gunn-Moore
- School of Biology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
| | - K. Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
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17
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Mthunzi P, Dholakia K, Gunn-Moore F. Phototransfection of mammalian cells using femtosecond laser pulses: optimization and applicability to stem cell differentiation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:041507. [PMID: 20799785 DOI: 10.1117/1.3430733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, femtosecond laser pulses have been utilized for the targeted introduction of genetic matter into mammalian cells. This rapidly expanding and developing novel optical technique using a tightly focused laser light beam is called phototransfection. Extending previous studies [Stevenson et al., Opt. Express 14, 7125-7133 (2006)], we show that femtosecond lasers can be used to phototransfect a range of different cell lines, and specifically that this novel technology can also transfect mouse embryonic stem cell colonies with approximately 25% efficiency. Notably, we show the ability of differentiating these cells into the extraembryonic endoderm using phototransfection. Furthermore, we present two new findings aimed at optimizing the phototransfection method and improving applicability: first, the influence of the cell passage number on the transfection efficiency is explored and, second, the ability to enhance the transfection efficiency via whole culture treatments. Our results should encourage wider uptake of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Mthunzi
- University of St. Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
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18
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Mammalian cell transfection: the present and the future. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3173-8. [PMID: 20549496 PMCID: PMC2911531 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transfection is a powerful analytical tool enabling study of the function of genes and gene products in cells. The transfection methods are broadly classified into three groups; biological, chemical, and physical. These methods have advanced to make it possible to deliver nucleic acids to specific subcellular regions of cells by use of a precisely controlled laser-microcope system. The combination of point-directed transfection and mRNA transfection is a new way of studying the function of genes and gene products. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages so the optimum method depends on experimental design and objective.
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19
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Zhou Y, Zhou XY, Wang ZG, Zhu YF, Li P. Elevation of plasma membrane permeability upon laser irradiation of extracellular microbubbles. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 25:587-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Stevenson DJ, Gunn-Moore FJ, Campbell P, Dholakia K. Single cell optical transfection. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7:863-71. [PMID: 20064901 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell is impermeable to most hydrophilic substances, yet the insertion of these materials into cells is an extremely important and universal requirement for the cell biologist. To address this need, many transfection techniques have been developed including viral, lipoplex, polyplex, capillary microinjection, gene gun and electroporation. The current discussion explores a procedure called optical injection, where a laser field transiently increases the membrane permeability to allow species to be internalized. If the internalized substance is a nucleic acid, such as DNA, RNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA), then the process is called optical transfection. This contactless, aseptic, single cell transfection method provides a key nanosurgical tool to the microscopist-the intracellular delivery of reagents and single nanoscopic objects. The experimental possibilities enabled by this technology are only beginning to be realized. A review of optical transfection is presented, along with a forecast of future applications of this rapidly developing and exciting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stevenson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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21
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Yu L, Mohanty S, Zhang J, Genc S, Kim MK, Berns MW, Chen Z. Digital holographic microscopy for quantitative cell dynamic evaluation during laser microsurgery. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:12031-8. [PMID: 19582118 PMCID: PMC2860952 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy allows determination of dynamic changes in the optical thickness profile of a transparent object with sub-wavelength accuracy. Here, we report a quantitative phase laser microsurgery system for evaluation of cellular/ sub-cellular dynamic changes during laser micro-dissection. The proposed method takes advantage of the precise optical manipulation by the laser microbeam and quantitative phase imaging by digital holographic microscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution. This system will permit quantitative evaluation of the damage and/or the repair of the cell or cell organelles in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Yu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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22
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Yao CP, Zhang ZX, Rahmanzadeh R, Huettmann G. Laser-based gene transfection and gene therapy. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2008; 7:111-9. [PMID: 18556259 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2008.2000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of mammalian cells can be transiently permeablized by optical means and exogenous materials or genes can be introduced into the cytoplasm of living cells. Until now, few mechanisms were exploited for the manipulation: laser is directly and tightly focused on the cells for optoinjection, laser-induced stress waves, photochemical internalization, and irradiation of selective cell targeting with light-absorbing particles. During the past few years, extensive progress and numerous breakthroughs have been made in this area of research. This review covers four different laser-assisted transfection techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. Universality towards various cell lines is possibly the main advantage of laser-assisted optoporation in comparison with presently existing methods of cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Yao
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiantong University, Xi'an, China.
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23
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Brown CTA, Stevenson DJ, Tsampoula X, McDougall C, Lagatsky AA, Sibbett W, Gunn-Moore FJ, Dholakia K. Enhanced operation of femtosecond lasers and applications in cell transfection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2008; 1:183-99. [PMID: 19412968 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200810011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a review and discussion on the enhancement of femtosecond (fs) lasers for use within biophotonics with a particular focus on their use in optical transfection techniques. We describe the broad range of source options now available for the generation of femtosecond pulses before briefly reviewing the application of fs laser in optical transfection studies. We show that major performance enhancements may be obtained by optimising the spatial and temporal performance of the laser source before considering possible future directions in this field. In relation to optical transfection we describe how such laser sources initiate a multiphoton process to permeate the cell membrane in a transient fashion. We look at aspects of this technique including the ability to combine transfection with optical trapping. For future implementation of such transfection we explore the role of new sources and "nondiffracting" light fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T A Brown
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
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24
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Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Hashida M. Nonviral approaches for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA and oligonucleotide. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:726-45. [PMID: 17823947 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene therapy depends on the development of efficient delivery systems. Although pDNA and ODN are novel candidates for nonviral gene therapy, their clinical applications are generally limited owing to their rapid degradation by nucleases in serum and rapid clearance. A great deal of effort had been devoted to developing gene delivery systems, including physical methods and carrier-mediated methods. Both methods could improve transfection efficacy and achieve high gene expression in vitro and in vivo. As for carrier-mediated delivery in vivo, since gene expression depends on the particle size, charge ratio, and interaction with blood components, these factors must be optimized. Furthermore, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application to gene therapy; therefore, the use of ligand-modified carriers is a promising strategy to achieve well-controlled gene expression in target cells. In this review, we will focus on the in vivo targeted delivery of pDNA and ODN using nonviral carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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25
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Peng C, Palazzo RE, Wilke I. Laser intensity dependence of femtosecond near-infrared optoinjection. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:041903. [PMID: 17500917 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.041903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study on transient membrane permeabilization of single living bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) by tightly focused femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. The membrane permeabilization of the BAEC cells was studied as a function of the incident laser intensity. The rate of dye uptake by the cells was analyzed using time-lapse imaging. We found that membrane permeabilization occurs for laser intensities higher than 4.0 x 10(12) W/cm(2). For laser intensity above 3.3 x 10(13) W/cm(2) the cell disintegrates. Within these two limits the rate of dye uptake increases logarithmically with increasing laser intensity. This functional dependence is explained by considering the Gaussian intensity distribution across the laser focal spot. Cell membrane permeabilization is explained by the creation of a plasma within the laser focal spot. The physical understanding of the relationship between dye uptake, pore characteristics, and laser intensity allows control of the concentrations of molecules delivered into cells through the control of pore characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics & Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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26
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Abstract
Many studies in modern biology often rely on the introduction of a foreign molecule (i.e., transfection), be it DNA plasmids, siRNA molecules, protein biosensors, labeled tracers, and so on, into cells in order to answer the important questions of today's science. Many different methods have been developed over time to facilitate cellular transfection, but most of these methods were developed to work with a specific type of molecule (usually DNA plasmids) and none work well enough with difficult, sensitive, or primary cells to meet the needs of current life science researchers. A novel procedure that uses laser light to gently permeabilize large number of cells in a very short time has been developed and is described in detail in this chapter. This method allows difficult cells to be efficiently transfected in a high-throughput manner, with a wide variety of molecules, with extremely low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Rhodes
- Cyntellect, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Abstract
This introductory chapter reviews the history of microbeams starting with the original UV microbeam work of Tchakhotine in 1912 and covers the progress and application of microbeams through 2006. The main focus of the chapter is on laser "scissors" starting with Marcel Bessis' and colleagues work with the ruby laser microbeam in Paris in 1962. Following this introduction, a section is devoted to describing the different laser microbeam systems and then the rest of the chapter is devoted to applications in cell and developmental biology. The approach is to focus on the organelle/structure and describe how the laser microbeam has been applied to studying its structure and/or function. Since considerable work has been done on chromosomes and the mitotic spindle (Section V.A and C), these topics have been divided in distinct subsections. Other topics discussed are injection of foreign DNA through the cell membrane (optoporation/optoinjection), cell migration, the nucleolus, mitochondria, cytoplasmic filaments, and embryos fate-mapping. A final technology section is devoted to discussing the pros and cons of building/buying your own laser microbeam system and the option of using the Internet-based RoboLase system. Throughout the chapter, reference is made to other chapters in the book that go into more detail on the subjects briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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28
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Mohanty SK, Gupta PK. Optical Micromanipulation Methods for Controlled Rotation, Transportation, and Microinjection of Biological Objects. Methods Cell Biol 2007; 82:563-99. [PMID: 17586272 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(06)82020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of laser microtools for rotation and controlled transport of microscopic biological objects and for microinjection of exogenous material in cells is discussed. We first provide a brief overview of the laser tweezers-based methods for rotation or orientation of microscopic objects. Particular emphasis is placed on the methods that are more suitable for the manipulation of biological objects, and the use of these for two-dimensional (2D) and 3D rotations/orientations of intracellular objects is discussed. We also discuss how a change in the shape of a red blood cell (RBC) suspended in hypertonic buffer leads to its rotation when it is optically tweezed. The potential use of this approach for the diagnosis of malaria is also illustrated. The use of a line tweezers having an asymmetric intensity distribution about the center of its major axis for simultaneous transport of microscopic objects, and the successful use of this approach for induction, enhancement, and guidance of neuronal growth cones is presented next. Finally, we describe laser microbeam-assisted microinjection of impermeable drugs into cells and also briefly discuss possible adverse effects of the laser trap or microbeams on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mohanty
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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29
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Nikolskaya AV, Nikolski VP, Efimov IR. Gene printer: laser-scanning targeted transfection of cultured cardiac neonatal rat cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:217-22. [PMID: 16916749 DOI: 10.1080/15419060600848524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous gene expression in cardiac cells and tissues which requires targeted delivery of foreign DNA into selected cells or regions is needed for the development of novel therapies. Several techniques have been employed for targeted transfection, such as direct microinjection into cells or targeted electroporation. However, these techniques have limited bandwidth or spatial resolution of transfection. We aimed to develop a method for transfection of cardiac cells by means of laser-assisted optoporation using a standard confocal microscope. This technique allows for the transfection of selected cell types in the presence of other cell types as long as they are distinguishable with a microscope. This technique can work as a "gene printer" creating arbitrarily shaped areas of transfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena V Nikolskaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63005, USA
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30
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Terakawa M, Sato S, Ashida H, Aizawa K, Uenoyama M, Masaki Y, Obara M. In vitro gene transfer to mammalian cells by the use of laser-induced stress waves: effects of stress wave parameters, ambient temperature, and cell type. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:014026. [PMID: 16526903 DOI: 10.1117/1.2160407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-mediated gene transfection has received much attention as a new method for targeted gene therapy because of the high spatial controllability of laser energy. We previously demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro that plasmid DNA can be transfected by applying nanosecond pulsed laser-induced stress waves (LISWs). In the present study, we investigated the dependence of transfection efficiency on the laser irradiation conditions and hence stress wave conditions in vitro. We measured characteristics of LISWs used for gene transfection. For NIH 3T3 cells, transfection efficiency was evaluated as functions of laser fluence and number of pulses. The effect of ambient temperature was also investigated, and it was found that change in ambient temperature in a specific range resulted in drastic change in transfection efficiency for NIH 3T3 cells. Gene transfection of different types of cell lines were also demonstrated, where cellular heating increased transfection efficiency for nonmalignant cells, while heating decreased transfection efficiency for malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Terakawa
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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31
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Clark IB, Hanania EG, Stevens J, Gallina M, Fieck A, Brandes R, Palsson BO, Koller MR. Optoinjection for efficient targeted delivery of a broad range of compounds and macromolecules into diverse cell types. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:014034. [PMID: 16526911 DOI: 10.1117/1.2168148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of compounds and macromolecules into living cells is essential in many fields including basic research, applied drug discovery, and clinical gene therapy. Unfortunately, current delivery methods, such as cationic lipids and electroporation, are limited by the types of macromolecules and cells that can be employed, poor efficiency, and/or cell toxicity. To address these issues, novel methods were developed based on laser-mediated delivery of macromolecules into cells through optoinjection. An automated high-throughput instrument, the laser-enabled analysis and processing (LEAP) system, was utilized to elucidate and optimize several parameters that influence optoinjection efficiency and toxicity. Techniques employing direct cell irradiation (i.e., targeted to specific cell coordinates) and grid-based irradiation (i.e., without locating individual cells) were both successfully developed. With both techniques, it was determined that multiple, sequential low radiant exposures produced more favorable results than a single high radiant exposure. Various substances were efficiently optoinjected--including ions, small molecules, dextrans, siRNAs (small interfering RNAs), plasmids, proteins, and semiconductor nanocrystals--into numerous cell types. Notably, cells refractory to traditional delivery methods were efficiently optoinjected with lower toxicity. We establish the broad utility of optoinjection, and furthermore, are the first to demonstrate its implementation in an automated, high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran B Clark
- Cyntellect, Inc., 6620 Mesa Ridge Road, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121-2906, USA
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Stracke F, Rieman I, König K. Optical nanoinjection of macromolecules into vital cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 81:136-42. [PMID: 16162411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A tuneable near infrared 90MHz mode locked femtosecond laser was applied for targeted multiphoton optoporation of vital cells. Here, we demonstrate the laser assisted transfer of large amounts of exogenous materials and even macromolecules into living cells via a transient opening of the membrane and quantify the influx. The use of near infrared lasers also allow the optoporation of cells deep in three dimensional biological structures without photodestructive collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stracke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Technology (IBMT), Lasermedicine, Ensheimer Street 48, D-66386 St. Ingbert, Germany.
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Knoll T, Trojan L, Langbein S, Sagi S, Alken P, Michel MS. Impact of holmium:YAG and neodymium:YAG lasers on the efficacy of DNA delivery in transitional cell carcinoma. Lasers Med Sci 2004; 19:33-6. [PMID: 15278722 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-004-0299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New approaches in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are using gene therapy to influence the disease at the genetic level. Technical advances in genomics, the availability of tissue-specific gene promoters and other developments have made this approach more realistic. Transporting the gene into the target cell is still the major problem. Several transfection techniques have been introduced. Transfection of naked DNA is one of the simplest to perform but transfection rates have been very poor. We investigated the influence of laser energy on transfection efficacy in urothelial cancer cells in vitro with two types of medical lasers. A suspension of human transitional cancer cells (UM-UC3; 3.5 million cells/ml) was mixed with 200 microg of plasmid DNA (pEGFP-N1). Two types of laser energy, neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) and holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG), were applied to the cell suspension in different energy settings. Twenty four hours after treatment, transfection rates were measured with FACS analysis. Energy setting parameters that determine the efficacy of laser were investigated. The significance of different transfection rates was estimated with the student's t-test. We demonstrated that the Nd:YAG laser was not suitable for achieving significant transfection of the reporter gene to the cells. In contrast, the Ho:YAG laser produced satisfactory transfection rates. There was an increase in transfection with increasing frequency of laser pulses, from 16% with 2 Hz up to 40% with 10 Hz (p < 0.0005). Pulse frequency was therefore stabilised at 10 Hz. Pulse energy (mJ) showed the same dependency: a transfection rate of 18.3% was achieved with 1,000 mJ and 53.8% with 2,000 mJ (p > 0.0005). Additionally, we investigated the impact of total pulse number (imp) with different pulse energies. At 1,000 mJ, a transfection rate of 18.3% was estimated with 200 imp and 48.56% with 750 imp, (p < 0.0005). At 2,000 mJ, a transfection rate of 53.8% was achieved with 200 imp and 58.26% with 500 imp. The optimal laser setting observed in this experiment was 10 Hz, 2,000 mJ and 500 imp. This study indicates that the efficacy of naked DNA delivery into TCC in vitro is improvable by application of Ho:YAG laser energy. The Nd:YAG laser did not increase transfection rates in our model. Our results with the Ho:YAG laser are encouraging for further studies to optimise DNA delivery. As TCC tissue is relatively easy to access, this method could become an effective and minimally invasive procedure in urothelial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knoll
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68135, Germany.
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Sagi S, Knoll T, Trojan L, Schaaf A, Alken P, Michel MS. Gene delivery into prostate cancer cells by holmium laser application. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2004; 6:127-30. [PMID: 12806370 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New approaches to treat prostate cancer (PCA) are utilizing gene therapy and aim to correct the disease at the genetic level. Getting a gene efficiently into the target cell is the subject of much interest. We used a holmium laser for transfecting rat PCA cells with the reporter gene pEGFP. By FACS analysis and fluorescence microscopy, we could demonstrate that cellular delivery of plasmid DNA was possible with high efficiencies up to 41.3%. Therefore, transfection of PCA cells by holmium laser might offer a promising new gene transfer strategy to PCA with minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sagi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
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