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Žvinys G, Petrosiute A, Zakšauskas A, Zubrienė A, Ščerbavičienė A, Kalnina Z, Čapkauskaitė E, Juozapaitienė V, Mickevičiu̅tė A, Shubin K, Grincevičienė Š, Raišys S, Tars K, Matulienė J, Matulis D. High-Affinity NIR-Fluorescent Inhibitors for Tumor Imaging via Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:790-803. [PMID: 38750635 PMCID: PMC11191402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor imaging and delivery of therapeutic agents may be achieved by designing high-affinity and high-selectivity compounds recognizing a tumor cell-expressing biomarker, such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). The CAIX, overexpressed in many hypoxic solid tumors, helps adjust to the energy requirements of the hypoxic environment, reduces intracellular acidification, and participates in the metastatic invasion of adjacent tissues. Here, we designed a series of sulfonamide compounds bearing CAIX-recognizing, high-affinity, and high-selectivity groups conjugated via a PEG linker to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes used in the clinic for optically guided cancer surgery. We determined compound affinities for CAIX and other 11 catalytically active CA isozymes by the thermal shift assay and showed that the affinity Kd value of CAIX was in the subnanomolar range, hundred to thousand-fold higher than those of other CA isozymes. Similar affinities were also observed for CAIX expressed on the cancer cell surface in live HeLa cell cultures, as determined by the competition assay. The NIR-fluorescent compounds showed excellent properties in visualizing CAIX-positive tumors but not CAIX-negative knockout tumors in a nude mice xenograft model. These compounds would therefore be helpful in optically guided cancer surgery and could potentially be developed for anticancer treatment by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Žvinys
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Alvilė Ščerbavičienė
- Department
of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Zane Kalnina
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Juozapaitienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiu̅tė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Švitrigailė Grincevičienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Steponas Raišys
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Center for Physical Sciences
and Technology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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Zhong C, Chen J, Ling Y, Liu D, Xu J, Wang L, Ge C, Jiang Q. Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanobubbles Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Multimodal Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2757-2776. [PMID: 37250472 PMCID: PMC10224680 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has always been a clinical difficulty and a research focus. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is highly expressed on the cell membrane of RCC but is not expressed in normal renal tissues. In this study, nanobubbles (NBs) targeting CA IX with ultrasound and photoacoustic multimodal imaging capabilities were prepared to explore a new method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of RCC. Methods Indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded lipid NBs (ICG-NBs) were prepared by using the filming rehydration method, and anti-CA IX polypeptides (ACPs) were attached to their surfaces to prepare CA IX-targeted NBs (ACP/ICG-NBs). The particle size, zeta potential and ICG encapsulation efficiency of these nanobubbles were measured, and their specific targeting and binding abilities to RCC cells were determined. The in vitro and in vivo ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging characteristics of these nanobubbles were also assessed. Results The particle size of the ACP/ICG-NBs was 475.9 nm in diameter, and their zeta potential was -2.65 mV. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry both confirmed that ACP/ICG-NBs had specific binding activity and ideal affinity to CA IX-positive RCC cells (786-O) but not to CA IX-negative RCC cells (ACHN). The intensities of the in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were positively correlated with the concentrations of ACP/ICG-NBs. In in vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging experiments, ACP/ICG-NBs exhibited specific enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects in 786-O xenograft tumors. Conclusion The ICG- and ACP-loaded targeted nanobubbles that we prepared had the capability of ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence multimodal imaging and could specifically enhance the ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of RCC xenograft tumors. This outcome has potential clinical application value for the diagnosis of RCC at the early stage and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
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Angeli A, Supuran CT. Click chemistry approaches for developing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their applications. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166503. [PMID: 36637011 PMCID: PMC9848362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry reactions constitute an important and relatively new approach in the medicinal chemistry toolbox and offer substantial advantages to medicinal chemists in terms of overcoming the limitations of facile chemical synthesis, increased throughput, yields and improved quality of compound libraries. Over the last two decades, click chemistry has been widely used in different aspects of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) modulators drug design. This review provides an overview of the general principles and applications of click chemistry in CA-related research, including the design of selective CA inhibitors (CAIs), their applications against several diseases such as innovative anticancer and anti-infective agents, fluorescent and radiopharmaceutical probes as new theranostic agents, as well as their application in protein labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Andrea Angeli Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,CONTACT Claudiu T. Supuran
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Pewklang T, Chansaenpak K, Bakar SN, Lai RY, Kue CS, Kamkaew A. Aza-BODIPY based carbonic anhydrase IX: Strategy to overcome hypoxia limitation in photodynamic therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:1015883. [PMID: 36405312 PMCID: PMC9666899 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia caused by photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a major hurdle to cancer treatment since it can promote recurrence and progression by activating angiogenic factors, lowering therapeutic efficacy dramatically. In this work, AZB-I-CAIX2 was developed as a carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeting NIR photosensitizer that can overcome the challenge by utilizing a combination of CAIX knockdown and PDT. AZB-I-CAIX2 showed a specific affinity to CAIX-expressed cancer cells and enhanced photocytotoxicity compared to AZB-I-control (the molecule without acetazolamide). Moreover, selective detection and effective cell cytotoxicity of AZB-I-CAIX2 by PDT in hypoxic CAIX-expressed murine cancer cells were achieved. Essentially, AZB-I-CAIX2 could minimize tumor size in the tumor-bearing mice compared to that in the control groups. The results suggested that AZB-I-CAIX2 can improve therapeutic efficiency by preventing PDT-induced hypoxia through CAIX inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Pewklang
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siti Nursyahirah Bakar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Anyanee Kamkaew, ; Chin Siang Kue,
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand,*Correspondence: Anyanee Kamkaew, ; Chin Siang Kue,
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van der Heide CD, Dalm SU. Radionuclide imaging and therapy directed towards the tumor microenvironment: a multi-cancer approach for personalized medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4616-4641. [PMID: 35788730 PMCID: PMC9606105 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer theranostics are directed towards targets expressed in only a small subset of cancer types, limiting clinical applicability. The identification of cancer-specific targets that are (more) universally expressed will allow more cancer patients to benefit from these personalized nuclear medicine–based interventions. A tumor is not merely a collection of cancer cells, it also comprises supporting stromal cells embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), together forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the TME is less genetically unstable than cancer cells, and TME phenotypes can be shared between cancer types, it offers targets that are more universally expressed. The TME is characterized by the presence of altered processes such as hypoxia, acidity, and increased metabolism. Next to the ECM, the TME consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, endothelial cells forming the neo-vasculature, immune cells, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Radioligands directed at the altered processes, the ECM, and the cellular components of the TME have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for targeted radionuclide imaging and/or therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the TME targets and their corresponding radioligands. In addition, we discuss what developments are needed to further explore the TME as a target for radionuclide theranostics, with the hopes of stimulating the development of novel TME radioligands with multi-cancer, or in some cases even pan-cancer, application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chen KT, Seimbille Y. New Developments in Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Fluorescence and Nuclear Imaging Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116125. [PMID: 35682802 PMCID: PMC9181387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumor-specific and hypoxia-induced biomarker for the molecular imaging of solid malignancies. The nuclear- and optical-imaging of CAIX-expressing tumors have received great attention due to their potential for clinical applications. Nuclear imaging is a powerful tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of primary and metastatic CAIX-positive tumors and for the assessment of responses to antineoplastic treatment. Intraoperative optical fluorescence imaging provides improved visualization for surgeons to increase the discrimination of tumor lesions, allowing for safer surgical treatment. Over the past decades, many CAIX-targeted molecular imaging probes, based on monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and small molecules, have been reported. In this review, we outline the recent development of CAIX-targeted probes for single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), and we discuss issues yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8903603
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Engineered protein-small molecule conjugates empower selective enzyme inhibition. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:328-338.e4. [PMID: 34363759 PMCID: PMC8807807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potent, specific ligands drive precision medicine and fundamental biology. Proteins, peptides, and small molecules constitute effective ligand classes. Yet greater molecular diversity would aid the pursuit of ligands to elicit precise biological activity against challenging targets. We demonstrate a platform to discover protein-small molecule (PriSM) hybrids to combine unique pharmacophore activities and shapes with constrained, efficiently engineerable proteins. In this platform, a fibronectin protein library is displayed on yeast with a single cysteine coupled to acetazolamide via a maleimide-poly(ethylene glycol) linker. Magnetic and flow cytometric sorts enrich specific binders to carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Isolated PriSMs exhibit potent, specific inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoforms with efficacy superior to that of acetazolamide or protein alone, including an 80-fold specificity increase and 9-fold potency gain. PriSMs are engineered with multiple linker lengths, protein conjugation sites, and sequences against two different isoforms, which reveal platform flexibility and impacts of molecular designs. PriSMs advance the molecular diversity of efficiently engineerable ligands.
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8
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Rana A, Bhatnagar S. Advancements in folate receptor targeting for anti-cancer therapy: A small molecule-drug conjugate approach. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104946. [PMID: 33989916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery combined with controlled release of drugs has a crucial role in future of personalized medicine. The majority of cancer drugs are intended to interfere with one or more cellular events. Anticancer agents can also be toxic to healthy cells, as healthy cells may also need to proliferate and avoid apoptosis. The focus of this review covers the principles, advantages, drawbacks and summarize criteria that must be met for design of small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) to achieve the desired therapeutic potency with minimal toxicity. SMDCs are composed of a targeting ligand, a releasable bridge, a spacer, and a therapeutic payload. We summarize the criteria for the effective design that influences the selection of tumor specific receptor and optimum elements in the design of SMDCs. We also discuss the criteria for selecting the optimal therapeutic drug payload, spacer and linker. The linker chemistries and cleavage strategies are also discussed. Finally, we review the folate receptor targeting SMDCs that are in preclinical development and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Rana
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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John A, Vetrivel U, Sivashanmugam M, Natarajan SK. Microsecond Simulation of the Proteoglycan-like Region of Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Design of Chemical Inhibitors Targeting pH Homeostasis in Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4270-4281. [PMID: 32149257 PMCID: PMC7057697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-bound enzyme associated with tumor hypoxia and found to be over expressed in various tumor conditions. Targeting CAIX catalytic activity is proven to be efficient modality in modulating pH homeostasis in cancer cells. Proteoglycan-like (PG) region is unique to CAIX and is proposed to serve as an antenna enhancing the export of protons in conjunction with facilitated efflux of lactate ions via monocarboxylate transporters. Moreover, the PG region is also reported to contribute to the assembly and maturation of focal adhesion links during cellular attachment and dispersion on solid supports. Thus, drug targeting of this region shall efficiently modulate pH homeostasis and cell adhesion in cancer cells. As the PG region is intrinsically disordered, the complete crystal structure is not elucidated. Hence, in this study, we intend to sample the conformational landscape of the PG region at microsecond scale simulation in order to sample the most probable conformations that shall be utilized for structure-based drug design. In addition, the sampled conformations were subjected to high-throughput virtual screening against NCI and Maybridge datasets to identify potential hits based on consensus scoring and validation by molecular dynamics simulation. Further, the identified hits were experimentally validated for efficacy by in vitro and direct enzymatic assays. The results reveal 5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol to be the most promising hit as it showed significant CAIX inhibition at all levels of in silico and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun John
- Centre
for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision
and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation,
Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
- School
of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed
University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Centre
for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision
and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation,
Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
- E-mail: . Phone: +91-44-28271616. Fax: +91-44-28254180
| | - Muthukumaran Sivashanmugam
- Centre
for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision
and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation,
Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sulochana Konerirajapuram Natarajan
- R.S.
Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan
Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ghiasikhou S, Cazzamalli S, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Zenobi R. Automated and enhanced extraction of a small molecule-drug conjugate using an enzyme-inhibitor interaction based SPME tool followed by direct analysis by ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7387-7398. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Fluorine-18 click radiosynthesis and microPET/CT evaluation of a small peptide-a potential PET probe for carbonic anhydrase IX. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:785-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Cohen AS, Khalil FK, Welsh EA, Schabath MB, Enkemann SA, Davis A, Zhou JM, Boulware DC, Kim J, Haura EB, Morse DL. Cell-surface marker discovery for lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113373-113402. [PMID: 29371917 PMCID: PMC5768334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Novel lung cancer targeted therapeutic and molecular imaging agents are needed to improve outcomes and enable personalized care. Since these agents typically cannot cross the plasma membrane while carrying cytotoxic payload or imaging contrast, discovery of cell-surface targets is a necessary initial step. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of lung cancer cell-surface markers for use in development of targeted agents. To identify putative cell-surface markers, existing microarray gene expression data from patient specimens were analyzed to select markers with differential expression in lung cancer compared to normal lung. Greater than 200 putative cell-surface markers were identified as being overexpressed in lung cancers. Ten cell-surface markers (CA9, CA12, CXorf61, DSG3, FAT2, GPR87, KISS1R, LYPD3, SLC7A11 and TMPRSS4) were selected based on differential mRNA expression in lung tumors vs. non-neoplastic lung samples and other normal tissues, and other considerations involving known biology and targeting moieties. Protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and scoring of patient tumor and normal tissue samples. As further validation, marker expression was determined in lung cancer cell lines using microarray data and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed for each of the markers using patient clinical data. High expression for six of the markers (CA9, CA12, CXorf61, GPR87, LYPD3, and SLC7A11) was significantly associated with worse survival. These markers should be useful for the development of novel targeted imaging probes or therapeutics for use in personalized care of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Cohen
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Farah K Khalil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Enkemann
- Molecular Genomics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Davis
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jun-Min Zhou
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David C Boulware
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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13
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Zhu L, Guo Y, Wang L, Fan X, Xiong X, Fang K, Xu D. Construction of ultrasonic nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides to target carcinoma cells derived from various organs. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28962657 PMCID: PMC5622542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound molecular imaging is a novel diagnostic approach for tumors, whose key link is the construction of targeted ultrasound contrast agents. However, available targeted ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging of tumors are only achieving imaging in blood pool or one type tumor. No targeted ultrasound contrast agents have realized targeted ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor parenchymal cells in a variety of solid tumors so far. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is highly expressed on cell membranes of various malignant solid tumors, so it’s a good target for ultrasound molecular imaging. Here, targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides for targeted binding to a variety of malignant tumors were constructed, and targeted binding ability and ultrasound imaging effect in different types of tumors were evaluated. Results The mean diameter of lipid targeted nanobubbles was (503.7 ± 78.47) nm, and the polypeptides evenly distributed on the surfaces of targeted nanobubbles, which possessed the advantages of homogenous particle size, high stability, and good safety. Targeted nanobubbles could gather around CAIX-positive cells (786-O and Hela cells), while they cannot gather around CAIX-negative cells (BxPC-3 cells) in vitro, and the affinity of targeted nanobubbles to CAIX-positive cells were significantly higher than that to CAIX-negative cells (P < 0.05). Peak intensity and duration time of targeted nanobubbles and blank nanobubbles were different in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues in vivo (P < 0.05). Moreover, targeted nanobubbles in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues produced higher peak intensity and longer duration time than those in CAIX-negative transplanted tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Finally, immunofluorescence not only confirmed targeted nanobubbles could pass through blood vessels to enter in tumor tissue spaces, but also clarified imaging differences of targeted nanobubbles in different types of transplanted tumor tissues. Conclusions Targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides can specifically enhance ultrasound imaging in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues and could potentially be used in early diagnosis of a variety of solid tumors derived from various organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Lau J, Lin KS, Bénard F. Past, Present, and Future: Development of Theranostic Agents Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4322-4339. [PMID: 29158829 PMCID: PMC5695016 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics is the integration of diagnostic information with pharmaceuticals to increase effectiveness and safety of cancer treatments. Nuclear medicine provides a non-invasive means to visualize drug target expression across primary and metastatic sites, and assess pharmacokinetics and efficacy of companion therapeutic agents. This is significant given the increasing recognition of the importance of clonal heterogeneity in treatment response and resistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) has been advocated as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for targeting hypoxia in solid malignancies. CA-IX confers cancer cell survival under low oxygen tension, and is associated with increased propensity for metastasis. As such, CA-IX is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of cancers. Different classes of antigen recognition molecules targeting CA-IX including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, and antibody mimetics have been radiolabeled for imaging and therapeutic applications. cG250, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, has been labeled with an assortment of radionuclides (124I, 111In, 89Zr, 131I, 90Y, and 177Lu) and is the most extensively investigated CA-IX radiopharmaceutical. In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements made by the research community in developing alternatives to cG250. Although still in preclinical settings, several small molecule inhibitors and antibody mimetics hold great promise in improving the management of aggressive and resistant cancers.
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15
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Srinivasarao M, Galliford CV, Low PS. Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:203-19. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pastorek J, Pastorekova S. Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX as a target for cancer therapy: from biology to clinical use. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:52-64. [PMID: 25117006 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment includes a complicated network of physiological gradients contributing to plasticity of tumor cells and heterogeneity of tumor tissue. Hypoxia is a key component generating intratumoral oxygen gradients, which affect the cellular expression program and lead to therapy resistance and increased metastatic propensity of weakly oxygenated cell subpopulations. One of the adaptive responses of tumor cells to hypoxia involves the increased expression and functional activation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cancer-related cell surface enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and proton. Via its catalytic activity, CA IX participates in regulation of intracellular and extracellular pH perturbations that result from hypoxia-induced changes in cellular metabolism producing excess of acid. Through the ability to regulate pH, CA IX also facilitates cell migration and invasion. In addition, CA IX has non-catalytic function in cell adhesion and spreading. Thus, CA IX endows tumor cells with survival advantages in hypoxia/acidosis and confers an increased ability to migrate, invade and metastasize. Accordingly, CA IX is expressed in a broad range of tumors, where it is associated with prognosis and therapy outcome. Its expression pattern and functional implications in tumor biology make CA IX a promising therapeutic target, which can be hit either by immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or with compounds inhibiting its enzyme activity. The first strategy has already reached the clinical trials, whereas the second one is still in preclinical testing. Both strategies indicate that CA IX can become a clinically useful anticancer target, but urge further efforts toward better selection of patients for immunotherapy and deeper understanding of tumor types, clinical situations and synthetic lethality interactions with other treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Pastorek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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