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Moreno MC, Cavalcante GRG, Pirih FQ, Soares VDP, Klein KP, da Silveira ÉJD, da Silva JSP, Lins RDAU, de Araujo AA, Lopes MLDDS, Pereira HSG. Caffeine induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB, receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB ligand, and osteoprotegerin pathway. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 166:148-159. [PMID: 38762812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caffeine is a widely consumed substance with several effects on bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the bone tissue of rats submitted to orthodontic movement. METHODS Twenty-five male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement (21 days) of the first permanent maxillary molars on the left side. The experimental group (caffeine; n = 13) and control group (n = 12) received caffeine and water, respectively, by gavage. Microcomputed tomography was performed to analyze orthodontic movement. Histologic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate and osteoclast count by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were conducted. Maxilla tissue was evaluated for receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Caffeine exhibited a lower bone volume/tissue volume ratio (78.09% ± 5.83%) than the control (86.84% ± 4.89%; P <0.05). Inflammatory infiltrate was increased in the caffeine group compared with the control group (P <0.05). A higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells was observed in the caffeine (9.67 ± 1.73) than in the control group (2.66 ± 0.76; P <0.01). Immunoexpression of RANK and RANKL in the caffeine group was greater than the control (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of caffeine thermogenic induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cabral Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Queiroz Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vanessa de Paula Soares
- Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Sandro Pereira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ruthinéia Diógenes Alves Uchoa Lins
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Diniz de Sousa Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Hallissa Simplício Gomes Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Nakamura T, Hotokezaka Y, Karadeniz C, Hotokezaka H, Ueda-Ichinose Y, Nishioka-Sakamoto K, Yoshida N. Early-stage periodontal ligament compression predicts orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod 2024; 94:240-246. [PMID: 37963565 PMCID: PMC10893921 DOI: 10.2319/040223-233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of orthodontic pressure on periodontal ligament (PDL) compression in rats and assess correlation between PDL compression and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight female Wistar rats aged 10 weeks underwent surgery to place 2 mini-screws at the center of the palatal plate. 25 cN coil springs connecting the maxillary first molars and mini-screws were applied bilaterally to generate mesial force. Maxillary first molars were assigned to undergo either bodily or tipping movements. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans were taken on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, and histological sections were taken on day 14. OIRR was measured from histological sections, and the corresponding PDL compression ratio was quantified using μCT images. RESULTS The PDL was compressed by approximately 76% in tipping movement and 55% in bodily movement after 3 days, and by approximately 47% in bodily and tipping movements after 7 days of orthodontic force application. The extent of OIRR in tipping movement was significantly greater than that in bodily movement. A strong positive correlation between OIRR and PDL compression ratio was observed on day 3; however, no correlation was observed on day 7. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation between PDL compression ratio and OIRR was observed at an early stage after the application of orthodontic force regardless of the tooth movement type (bodily or tipping), implying the importance of early stage PDL compression in the induction of OIRR.
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Zheng W, Lu X, Chen G, Shen Y, Huang X, Peng J, Wang J, Yin Y, Song W, Xie M, Yu S, Chen L. The osteoclastic activity in apical distal region of molar mesial roots affects orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38418457 PMCID: PMC10901898 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. However, the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient, and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established. Here, by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology, we found that the apical distal region (A-D region) of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams (g), leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement. When the force reached 80 g, TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region. Additionally, micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g. Notably, the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption. It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement, inclination, and hyalinization. These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model. Collectively, our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients' orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
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Yoo YJ, Hwang J, Park SH, Hwang J, Cho S, Kim SY. A novel analysis of the formation and resorption changes in dental hard tissue using longitudinal in vivo micro computed tomography. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:708-716. [PMID: 37612095 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the new analysis manner of dental hard tissue change using in vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) in rat. Scanning, registration, analyzing, and presenting method to track longitudinal in vivo micro-CT data on dental hard tissues were validated in murine models: formative, dentin thickness after direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate; resorptive, development of apical bone rarefaction in apical periodontitis model. Serial in vivo micro-CT scans were analyzed through rigid-registration, active-contouring, deformable-registration, and motion vector-based quantitative analyses. The rate and direction of hard tissue formation after direct pulp capping was datafied by tracing coordinate shift of fiducial points on pulp chamber outline in formative model. The development of apical periodontitis could be monitored with voxel counts, and quantitatively analyzed in terms of lesion size, bone loss, and mineral density in resorptive model. This study supports the application of longitudinal in vivo micro-CT for resorptive- and formative-phase specific monitoring of dental hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Joonil Hwang
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Jaehong Hwang
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST
| | | | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Zou JH, Chen F, Li YL, Chen H, Sun TK, Du SM, Zhang J. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105691. [PMID: 37043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of EGCG on tooth movement and root resorption during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS A total of thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control, 50 mg/kg EGCG, and 100 mg/kg EGCG. During the experiment, the subjects were submitted to an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model, rats in the experimental groups were given the corresponding dose of EGCG, while rats in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline solution by gavage. After 14 days of OTM, the rats were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. Micro-CT of rat maxillaes was taken to analyze OTM distance and root resorption. The maxillary samples were prepared as histological sections for H&E staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to be observed and analyzed. RESULTS The OTM distance and root resorption of rats in the dosed group decreased, and the number of TRAP positive cells in their periodontium decreased significantly. The expression level of RANKL was decreased in the EGCG group compared to the control group, while that of OPG, OCN and Runx2 was increased. Effects were more pronounced in 100 mg/kg group than in 50 mg/kg group. CONCLUSION EGCG reduces OTM and orthodontic induced root resorption (OIRR) in rats, and is able to attenuate osteoclastogenesis on the pressure side and promote osteogenesis on the tension side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Tong-Ke Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Meng Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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Wei T, Shan Z, Wen X, Zhao N, Shen G. Dynamic alternations of RANKL/OPG ratio expressed by cementocytes in response to orthodontic‑induced external apical root resorption in a rat model. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:228. [PMID: 35593309 PMCID: PMC9178691 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the formation of cementocytes in response to orthodontic forces and to evaluate the contribution of these cells in the biological changes of tooth movement and associated root resorption. A total of 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control, high force, and low force groups. Intrusion forces of 10 and 50 g were applied on the rat molar to induce tooth intrusion. The tooth movement was observed from 0 to 14 days by micro-computed tomography, bone histometric analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, as well as reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results suggested that under low force conditions, osteoclasts were distributed at a higher frequency on the bone side than on the root side. Under high force conditions, both sides suffered osteoclast infiltration. In the low force group, the cementocytes exhibited downregulated sclerostin (SOST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA levels and a lower receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/OPG ratio over a certain period of time. The expression levels of these genes were lower compared with those of the osteocytes at each time-point. In the high force group, both cementocytes and osteocytes upregulated the SOST and RANKL/OPG ratio on days 7 and 14, while the cementocytes expressed higher levels of SOST mRNA than those noted in the osteocytes. These data suggested that cementocytes responded to the orthodontic force via modulation of the RANKL/OPG ratio and SOST expression. The biological response of cementocytes contributed to the mechanotransduction and homoeostasis of the roots under compression. Excessive forces may act as a negative factor of this regulatory role. These results expand our knowledge on the function of cementocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Shan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Periodontal ligament cells under mechanical force regulate local immune homeostasis by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3747-3764. [PMID: 35029749 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improper orthodontic force often causes root resorption or destructive bone resorption. There is evidence that T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells may be actively involved in bone remodeling during tooth movement. In a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we investigated the effect of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on Th17/Treg cells under different orthodontic forces and corticotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS hPDLCs were cultured in vitro and subjected to different mechanical forces. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the supernatant and the mRNA levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, Notch1, and TGF-β in hPDLCs were investigated. Supernatants were collected and co-cultured with activated CD4+T cells, and the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. We also established an animal model of tooth movement with or without corticotomy. The tooth movement distance, alveolar bone height, and root resorption were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and IL-6 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, while osteoclasts were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-6, Foxp3, IL-10, HIF-1α, notch1, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in alveolar bone and gingiva were investigated. RESULTS Heavy force repressed cell viability and increased the mortality rate of hPDLCs; it also improved the expression of IL-6, declined the expression of TGF-β, and promoted the mRNA expression level of HIF-1α. The expression of TGF-β and Notch1 mRNA decreased and then increased. The supernatant of hPDLCs under heavy force promotes the polarization of Th17 cells. The heavy force caused root resorption and decreased alveolar bone height and increased the positive area of IL-17A immunohistochemical staining and the expression of IL-17A, IL-6, HIF-1α, and Notch1 mRNA. Corticotomy accelerated tooth movement, increased the proportion of Foxp3-positive cells, and up-regulated the expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and CXCL12 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS During orthodontic tooth movement, the heavy force causes root resorption and inflammatory bone destruction, which could be associated with increased expression of Th17 cells and IL-6. Corticotomy can accelerate tooth movement without causing root resorption and periodontal bone loss, which may be related to the increased expression of Treg cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Altogether, this report provides a new perspective on the prevention of inflammatory injury via the regulation of Th17/Treg cells in orthodontics.
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Tokhtah H, Alhadlaq A. Ability of piezocision to retain orthodontically moved teeth in a goat model: A split-mouth study. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 36188203 PMCID: PMC9515555 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_28_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effectiveness of piezocision in enhancing retention when performed after orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: Four mature goats had their second incisors removed bilaterally. For each goat, the two sides of the mandible were either treated with piezocision or served as a positive control. Using fixed orthodontic appliance, the first and third incisors on each side were approximated and then retained in place for two weeks. Relapse was measured by the amount of space developed between the approximated incisors after six weeks from the end of the retention period. The periodontal ligament of all incisors was assessed histologically with micro computed tomography and regular hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: A significantly less relapse was observed in the piezocision group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Bone formation occurs in the vicinity and periphery of the periodontal ligament and thus results in the narrowing of the periodontal ligament. CONCLUSION: A protocol of post-orthodontic retention involving piezocision can be promising to enhance stability of orthodontic treatment outcome.
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Xiao S, Li L, Yao J, Wang L, Li K, Yang C, Wang C, Fan Y. Microcracks on the Rat Root Surface Induced by Orthodontic Force, Crack Extension Simulation, and Proteomics Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2228-2242. [PMID: 33686616 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is a common complication during orthodontic treatment. Microcracks occur on the root surface after an orthodontic force is applied and may be related to the root resorption caused by the orthodontic process. However, the mechanisms underlying root resorption induced by microcracks remain unclear. In this study, a rat orthodontic model was used to investigate the biological mechanisms of root resorption caused by microcracks. First, the first molar was loaded with 0.5-N orthodontic force for 7 days, and microcracks were observed on the root apex surface using a scanning electron microscope. Second, to describe the mechanical principle resulting in microcracks, a finite element model of rat orthodontics was established, which showed that a maximum stress on the root apex can cause microcrack extension. Third, after 7 days of loading in vivo, histological observation revealed that root resorption occurred in the stress concentration area and cementoclasts appeared in the resorption cavity. Finally, proteomics analysis of the root apex area, excluding the periodontal ligament, revealed that the NOX2, Aifm1, and MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the root resorption process. Microcrack extension on the root surface increases calcium ion concentrations, alters the proteins related to root resorption, and promotes cementoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaimin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chongshi Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Nogueira AVB, Marcantonio CC, de Molon RS, Leguizamón NDP, Silva RCL, Deschner J, Cerri PS, Cirelli JA. Experimental models of orthodontic tooth movement and their effects on periodontal tissues remodelling. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 130:105216. [PMID: 34365145 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to compare two different models of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats by evaluating tooth movement efficiency and periodontal tissues remodelling. DESIGN Fifteen animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups: control group (untreated); ligature appliance (LA) as experimental OTM using a closed coil spring fixed around maxillary first molar by steel ligature; occlusal appliance (OA) as experimental OTM using a closed coil spring attached on the occlusal surface of the maxillary first molar. After 15 days, all animals were euthanized, and the maxilla of each animal was collected for qPCR, micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses. RESULTS Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expressions were significantly upregulated in the animals of the LA group as compared to the other groups. No significant difference was observed in tooth displacement between both methods. The LA group presented higher linear bone loss and lower values of bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, trabecular number and increased values of trabecular separation compared to the other groups. The birefringent collagen content in the tension side of the periodontal ligament contained significantly lower collagen content in the LA group than in the control group. Furthermore, on the pressure side, the collagen content was significantly lower in the LA and OA groups than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The OA group presented little or no deleterious effect on periodontal tissues compared to the LA group, suggesting its use may be more reliable for OTM induction in rats for 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Camila C Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael S de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natalia D P Leguizamón
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata C L Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Paulo S Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Mizukoshi M, Kaku M, Thant L, Kitami K, Arai M, Saito I, Uoshima K. In vivo cell proliferation analysis and cell-tracing reveal the global cellular dynamics of periodontal ligament cells under mechanical-loading. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9813. [PMID: 33963224 PMCID: PMC8105403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a uniquely differentiated tissue that anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone socket and plays key roles in oral function. PDL cells can respond rapidly to mechanical stimuli, resulting in accelerated tissue remodeling. Cell proliferation is an initial event in tissue remodeling and participates in maintaining the cell supply; therefore, analyzing cell-proliferative activity might provide a comprehensive view of cellular dynamics at the tissue level. In this study, we investigated proliferating cells in mouse molar PDL during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)-induced tissue remodeling. Our results demonstrated that the mechanical stimuli evoked a dynamic change in the proliferative-cell profile at the entire PDL. Additionally, cell-tracing analysis revealed that the proliferated cells underwent further division and subsequently contributed to tissue remodeling. Moreover, OTM-induced proliferating cells expressed various molecular markers that most likely arise from a wide range of cell types, indicating the lineage plasticity of PDL cells in vivo. Although further studies are required, these findings partially elucidated the global views of the cell trajectory in mouse molar PDL under mechanical-loading conditions, which is vital for understanding the cellular dynamics of the PDL and beneficial for dental treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mizukoshi
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Lay Thant
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitami
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Moe Arai
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Li H, Xia L, Wang S, Al-Balaa M, Liu W, Hua X. The expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the compression area during orthodontic relapse. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:347-354. [PMID: 31298690 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the compression area during orthodontic relapse in rat molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats (6 weeks old) underwent orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the left first maxillary molar for 21 days, followed by removal of the force device. The contralateral maxillary molar served as a control with no mechanical force stimuli. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of relapse after force withdrawal. Tooth relapse and alveolar bone parameters were measured using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Maxilla sections were obtained for haematoxylin and eosin (HE), immunohistochemical staining [EMMPRIN, nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Correlation analyses were then performed. RESULTS After force removal, nearly 79.88% of the total relapse occurred within the initial 3 days. The number of osteoclasts clearly increased while the alveolar bone density decreased on the pressure side on Day 3 of relapse. Moreover, the EMMPRIN expression level significantly increased on Day 1, peaked up on Day 3 and decreased on Days 7 and 14. Statistically, a strong positive correlation was found between EMMRPIN expression and the osteoclast number and RANKL and VEGF expression. CONCLUSION EMMPRIN was highly expressed on the pressure side during the orthodontic tooth relapse, which could be involved in osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption in association with RANKL and VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lulu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Maher Al-Balaa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xianming Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
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13
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Li Z, Holamoge YV, Li Z, Zaid W, Osborn ML, Ramos A, Miller JT, Li Y, Yao S, Xu J. Detection and analysis of enamel cracks by ICG-NIR fluorescence dental imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1475:52-63. [PMID: 32519363 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cracked teeth are the third most common cause of tooth loss, but there is no reliable imaging tool for the diagnosis of cracks. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) dental imaging for the detection of enamel cracks and enamel-dentin cracks in vitro in the first (ICG-NIRF-I, 700-950 nm) and second (ICG-NIRF-II, 950-1700 nm) imaging windows with transmission excitation light, and compared ICG-NIRF with conventional NIR illumination-II (NIRi-II) and X-ray imaging. Dentin cracks were detected by CT scan, while most enamel cracks, undetectable under X-ray imaging, were clearly visible in NIR images. We found that ICG-NIRF-II detected cracks more effectively than NIRi-II, and that light orientation is an important factor for crack detection: an angled exposure obtained better image contrast of cracks than parallel exposure, as it created a shadow under the crack. Crack depth could be evaluated from the crack shadow in ICG-NIRF and NIRi-II images; from this shadow we could determine crack depth and discriminate enamel-dentin cracks from craze lines. Cracks could be observed clearly from ICG-NIRF images with 1-min ICG tooth immersion, although longer ICG immersion produced images with greater contrast. Overall, our data show that ICG-NIRF dental imaging is a useful tool for diagnosing cracked teeth at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yoshita V Holamoge
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Waleed Zaid
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alexandra Ramos
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacob T Miller
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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14
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Salamati A, Chen J, Herring SW, Liu ZJ. Functional tooth mobility in young pigs. J Biomech 2020; 104:109716. [PMID: 32173029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mobility is a fundamental characteristic of mammalian teeth, and has been widely used to determine individual tooth prognosis. However, the direction and extent of tooth movement under functional loads are unknown. This study investigated maxillary molar mobility, alveolar bending, and periodontal space (PDL) fluid pressure during mastication and masseter muscle contraction in young pigs, along with PDL space measurements. Twelve three-month-old farm pigs were instrumented with some or all of the following: (1) ultrasonic crystals, one implanted into the pulp chamber of a deciduous maxillary molar and additional crystals glued onto its buccal and palatal alveolar plates; (2) rosette strain gauges affixed to the buccal and palatal of alveolar ridges; (3) a pressure transducer inserted into palatal alveolar bone facing the PDL. Tooth mobility, alveolar bending, and fluid pressure were simultaneously recorded during unrestrained feeding and subsequent masseter muscle stimulation. The PDL widths were measured using micro-CT. The results indicate that during the power stroke of mastication, (1) the molar displaced buccally and apically (192 ± 95 µm) regardless of the side of chewing; (2) compressive bone strain was greater on the buccal than on the palatal alveolar plate; and (3) PDL pressure increased during the power strok (3.63 ± 0.80 kPa). Masseter contraction produced similar results but with generally lower values. The PDL widths were larger than the range of tooth mobility, and showed no correlation with the mobility. Thus occlusal function causes buccal tipping and intrusion of maxillary molars with concomitant compression of the buccal alveolar plate and raised pressure within the PDL space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atriya Salamati
- Depts. Orthodontics & Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Depts. Orthodontics & Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. Stomatology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan W Herring
- Depts. Orthodontics & Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Liu
- Depts. Orthodontics & Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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A Novel Analysis via Micro-CT Imaging Indicates That Chemically Modified Tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) Inhibits Tooth Relapse after Orthodontic Movement: A Pilot Experimental Study. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:3524207. [PMID: 31065268 PMCID: PMC6466921 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3524207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) and simvastatin on tooth relapse after orthodontic movement in rats using a novel analysis method employing high-resolution micro-CT (Micro-CT) images. In addition, the correlation between bone density and orthodontic relapse was also evaluated for each experimental group. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats had stainless steel springs installed on their left upper first molars in order to generate tooth movement for 18 days. After this initial period, the animals were divided into three groups: (1) 30 mg/kg of CMT-3; (2) 5 mg/kg of simvastatin; and (3) 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, and each group was treated for 20 days. Micro-CT images were analyzed (conventional method and 3D reconstruction) on the 7th and 18th days following spring fixation and finally, 20 days after treatment either with CMT-3 or simvastatin (38th day). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the mesial and distal roots of the upper first molar was also analyzed. Results The difference was statistically significant between the groups as to recurrence (p=0.048), and the post hoc test identified the value of p=0.007 between the control group and the CMT-3 group. Simvastatin was not able to inhibit tooth relapse. The bone mineral densities of both the mesial and distal roots were different between the three groups, after the 20th day of drug use (p=0001 and p < 0001). Conclusion Our findings support the initial evidence that CMT-3 is able to prevent relapse after tooth movement. Future trials in humans should evaluate such treatment as a promising approach to preventing this common phenomenon. Clinical Relevance Considering the results obtained, CMT-3 can be used to avoid relapse after tooth movement.
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16
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Kraiwattanapong K, Samruajbenjakun B. Tissue response resulting from different force magnitudes combined with corticotomy in rats. Angle Orthod 2019; 89:797-803. [PMID: 30896251 DOI: 10.2319/090418-645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the amount of hyalinization and root resorption after application of light and heavy forces during corticotomy-assisted tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. Eight animals were the control group (day 0). The other 40 animals were randomly divided into two groups using the split-mouth technique: (1) corticotomy combined light force (CLF) and (2) corticotomy combined heavy force (CHF). Nickel-titanium closed coil springs that generated 10 g (light force) and 50 g (heavy force) were used for maxillary first molar movement. three-dimensional root volume was evaluated at 0, 14, and 28 days. Percent hyalinization was analyzed at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days by histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS The CHF group showed significantly lower cervical root volume than the CLF group at 28 days. Compared with day 0, the CHF group showed significantly less root volume in both distobuccal and distopalatal roots at 28 days. The hyalinization percentages in the CHF group were significantly higher than the CLF group at days 3 and 21. CONCLUSIONS Heavy force combined with corticotomy produced more periodontal ligament hyalinization and root resorption than the light force combined with corticotomy.
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17
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Qin X, Li Q, Chen W, Bai Y, Baban B, Mao J. The circadian expression of osteogenic factors in periodontal tissue loading mechanical force: new concepts of the personalized orthodontic care. EPMA J 2019; 10:13-20. [PMID: 30984310 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective The need for orthodontic treatment continues to increase. Strategies that shorten the treatment course and reduce discomfort are most welcome in clinic. Circadian rhythm plays important role in various physiological processes, including bone formation. This study intended to depict a possible circadian releasing property of the osteogenic factors within the periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment, which may direct a more efficient and satisfactory orthodontic treatment to the patient. Methods Primary periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were obtained from the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. An equibiaxial strain value of 12% was applied on rat PDLCs (rPDLCs). After 2 h stimuli of 10-7 M dexamethasone (DX), the osteogenic genes' expressions were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at Zeitgeber times 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. An orthodontic appliance was placed on 45 SD rats. Animals were maintained under 12-h light/dark periods and euthanized at 9 time points over the diurnal cycle. The orthodontic sensitive tissues of the mesial root of the maxillary first molar were collected for RT-PCR and immunohistological assay. Results The rPDLCs displayed typical fibroblastic spindle shape, and subcultured steadily in vitro. Induced by DX, the mRNA expression of Col-1, OPN, and IBSP within the loaded/unloaded rPDLCs oscillated as that of the main clock gene Per-1. The osteogenic genes' expressions as well as the protein releases sustained a circadian oscillation trend in vivo. Conclusions This study indicates the existence of a circadian rhythm of the osteogenic factors within the orthodontic sensitive tissues, which highlights the importance of precise timing of force loading in further orthodontic treatment. Thus, a periodicity pattern of orthodontic traction at night may prove a more efficient tooth movement while minimizing the treatment window and discomfort complains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qin
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qilin Li
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Weimin Chen
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yumin Bai
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China.,2School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Babak Baban
- 3Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Jing Mao
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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18
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Huang TTY, Elekdag-Turk S, Dalci O, Almuzian M, Karadeniz EI, Gonzales C, Petocz P, Turk T, Darendeliler MA. The extent of root resorption and tooth movement following the application of ascending and descending magnetic forces: a prospective split mouth, microcomputed-tomography study. Eur J Orthod 2018; 39:547-553. [PMID: 28339645 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Various factors have been examined in the literature in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of root resorption. The purpose of the present investigation is to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in relation to force level using gradually increasing (ascending) and decreasing (descending) orthodontic force generated by magnets on the severity of Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Iatrogenic Root Resorption (OIIRR) and amount of tooth movement. Methods Twenty maxillary first premolars from 10 patients were subjected to ascending (25-225 g, magnets in attraction) and descending (225 to 25 g, magnets in repulsion) buccal forces using a split mouth design over an 8-week period. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken at week 0, 4, and 8 to record the tooth movement. After 8 weeks, the teeth were extracted, scanned, with micro-CT in 16.9 µm resolution, and the root resorption craters were localized circumferentially and quantified at each level of the root. Results The total volume of OIIRR with ascending force was 1.20 mm3, and with descending force was 1.25 mm3, and there was no statistically significant difference between them. OIIRR on the palatal surface (0.012 mm3) was significantly less than on the buccal surface (0.057 mm3) and than on the mesial surface (0.035 mm3). There is no statistically significant difference in the degree of OIIRR between different level of the root (cervical, middle, and apical) at different surfaces. Moreover, the amount of tooth movement, at 0-, 4-, and 8-week interval, secondary to an ascending and descending force application was not statistically significant. Conclusions There is no short-term (8 weeks) statistically significant difference between orthodontic ascending and descending forces, from 25 to 225 g and from 225 to 25 g, respectively, in term of severity and location of OIIRR as well as the amount of tooth movement. The buccal surface of the root showed highest degree of OIIRR compared to other root's surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selma Elekdag-Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oyku Dalci
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammed Almuzian
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Orthodontics, John Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Ersan Ilsay Karadeniz
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Carmen Gonzales
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tamer Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia
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19
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Zhou J, Yang F, Xu X, Feng G, Chen J, Song J, Dai H. Dynamic Evaluation of Orthodontically-Induced Tooth Movement, Root Resorption, and Alveolar Bone Remodeling in Rats by in Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8306-8314. [PMID: 30448850 PMCID: PMC6253985 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to dynamically evaluate tooth movement, root resorption, and remodeling of alveolar bone using different forces to cause tooth movement in rats. Material/Methods 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) coil springs (20 g, 50 g, and 100 g forces) were placed for mesial movement of the left first maxillary molar teeth. Tooth movement, root resorption, and microarchitectural parameters of the trabecular bone were evaluated by in vivo micro-CT. Histological examination was used to observe the root resorption, alveolar bone remodeling, and changes in osteoclasts from day 0 to day 14. Results The tooth movement distance increased significantly over the initial 3 days in the 3 groups. The 20 g force group showed more tooth movement than in the 50 and 100 g force groups after 14 days (P<0.05). From days 7 to 10, root resorption lacunae appeared in the 3 groups and then stabilized, and the 100 g force group produced more lacunar resorption than in the anther 2 groups (P<0.05). Compared to day 0, the trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction on the pressure side gradually decreased from day 7 to day 14. The structure model index increased significantly from day 3 to day 14. Histological examination showed remarkable root resorption craters and osteoclasts positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the root resorption lacunae in the 50 g and 100 g groups from day 7 to day 14. Conclusions A 100 g heavy force can be used to establish a root resorption model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Fengxue Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Jinglin Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwei Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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A Novel Method to Quantify Longitudinal Orthodontic Bone Changes with In Vivo Micro-CT Data. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:1651097. [PMID: 30364010 PMCID: PMC6188591 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1651097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of region-specific bone modeling under a load. Quantification of this change in the alveolar bone around a tooth is a basic requirement to understand the mechanism of orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to quantify subregional alveolar bone changes during orthodontic tooth movement with a novel method. In this study, 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as an orthodontic model, and one side of the first upper molar was used to simulate OTM. The alveolar bone around the mesial root was reconstructed from in vivo micro-CT images and separated from other parts of the alveolar bone with two semicylinder filters. The amount and rate of OTM, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone volume (BV) around the root were calculated and compared at 5 time points. The results showed that the amount of tooth movement, BMD, and BV can be evaluated dynamically with this method. The molar moved fastest during the first 3 days, and the rate decreased after day 14. BMD decreased from day 0 to day 14 and returned from day 14 to day 28. BV deceased from day 0 to day 7 and from day 14 to day 28. The method created in this study can be used to accurately quantify dynamic alveolar bone changes during OTM.
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Wolf M, Ao M, Chavez M, Kolli T, Thumbigere-Math V, Becker K, Chu E, Jäger A, Somerman M, Foster B. Reduced Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Enpp1 Mutant Mice with Hypercementosis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:937-945. [PMID: 29533727 PMCID: PMC6728553 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518759295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that cementum formation is tightly regulated by inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor. Local PPi concentrations are determined by regulators, including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which increases PPi concentrations by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Orthodontic forces stimulate alveolar bone remodelling, leading to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To better understand how disturbed mineral metabolism and the resulting altered periodontal structures affect OTM, we employed Enpp1 mutant mice that feature reduced PPi and increased cervical cementum in a model of OTM induced by a stretched closed-coil spring ligated between the maxillary left first molar and maxillary incisors. We analyzed tooth movement, osteoclast/odontoclast response, and tooth root resorption by micro-computed tomography, histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. Preoperatively, we noted an altered periodontium in Enpp1 mutant mice, with significantly increased periodontal ligament (PDL) volume and thickness, as well as increased PDL-bone/tooth root surface area, compared to wild-type (WT) controls. After 11 d of orthodontic treatment, Enpp1 mutant mice displayed 38% reduced tooth movement versus WT mice. Molar roots in Enpp1 mutant mice exhibited less change in PDL width in compression and tension zones compared to WT mice. Root resorption was noted in both groups with no difference in average depths, but resorption lacunae in Enpp1 mutant mice were almost entirely limited to cementum, with 150% increased cementum resorption and 92% decreased dentin resorption. Osteoclast/odontoclast cells were reduced by 64% in Enpp1 mutant mice, with a predominance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells on root surfaces, compared to WT mice. Increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells on root surfaces were associated with robust immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN) and receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Collectively, reduced response to orthodontic forces, decreased tooth movement, and altered osteoclast/odontoclast distribution suggests Enpp1 loss of function has direct effects on clastic function/recruitment and/or indirect effects on periodontal remodeling via altered periodontal structure or tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
- National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.B. Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of
Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T.N. Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of
Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V. Thumbigere-Math
- National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Periodontics, School of
Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Becker
- Department of Orthodontics,
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E.Y. Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A. Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University
of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M.J. Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of
Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and arrests tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:872-882. [PMID: 29853245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, the statin class of drugs appears to enhance osteogenesis and suppress bone resorption, which could be a clinical concern during orthodontic treatment. In this animal study, we aimed to determine whether atorvastatin (ATV) affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through osteoclast inhibition. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential adverse effects of ATV on long-bone turnover and endochondral ossification. METHODS Rats were administered ATV (15 mg/kg) or saline solution via gavage (n = 12 animals/group), starting 2 weeks before initial OTM. Tooth displacement was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days. Histologic sections of the maxilla and femur were obtained after 14 and 21 days of OTM and stained (hematoxylin and eosin; TRAP assay) for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS ATV was associated with significant (P <0.05) reductions in OTM and osteoclast counts. Independently of drug administration, OTM increased the number of osteoclasts and reduced the bone-volume ratio compared with the control maxillae without OTM. Long-term statin administration did not appear to affect femoral endochondral ossification. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study showed that the long-term use of ATV can significantly promote osteoclast inhibition and slow the OTM in the first week in rats. Under physiologic conditions, the drug did not affect bone turnover and endochondral ossification.
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Ru N, Liu SSY, Bai Y, Li S, Liu Y, Zhou G. Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Evaluation of BoneCeramic Grafted Alveolar Defects during Tooth Movement in Rat. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:798-806. [PMID: 27618613 DOI: 10.1597/16-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BoneCeramic can regenerate bone in alveolar defects, but it remains unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate three-dimensional real-time bone responses and micromechanical properties in the grafting sites during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss), and no graft, respectively, after the extraction of the left maxillary first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures and root resorption were evaluated using in vivo micro-computed tomography and histology. Stress distribution of tooth roots and biomechanical properties of corresponding bone tissue were examined by finite element methods and nanoindentation. Mixed-model analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference among time points with Bonferroni post hoc tests at the significance level of P < .05. RESULTS The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and root resorption volume and craters, highest bone volume fraction, trabecular number, mean trabecular thickness, microhardness, and elastic modulus, followed by Bio-Oss and the control group. The highest stress accumulated in the cervical region of the mesial roots. CONCLUSION BoneCeramic has better osteoconductive potential and biomechanical properties and induces less root resorption compared with Bio-Oss grafting and naturally recovered extraction site.
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Ortún-Terrazas J, Cegoñino J, Santana-Penín U, Santana-Mora U, Pérez Del Palomar A. Approach towards the porous fibrous structure of the periodontal ligament using micro-computerized tomography and finite element analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 79:135-149. [PMID: 29304428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a porous and fibrous soft tissue situated around the tooth, which plays a key role in the transmission of loads from the tooth to the alveolar bone of the mandible. Although several studies have tried to characterize its mechanical properties, the behaviour of this tissue is not clear yet. In this study, a new simulation methodology based on a material model which considers the contribution of porous and fibrous structure with different material model formulations depending on the effort direction is proposed. The defined material model was characterized by a non-linear approximation of the porous fibrous matrix to experimental results obtained from samples of similar species and was validated by rigorous test simulations under tensile and compressive loads. The global PDL response was also validated using the parameters of the characterization in a finite element model of full human canine tooth obtained by micro-tomography. The results suggest that the porous contribution has high influence during compression because the bulk modulus of the material depends on the ability of interstitial fluid to drain. On the other hand, the collagen fibres running along the load direction are the main responsible of the ligament stiffness during tensile efforts. Thus, a material model with distinct responses depending of the load direction is proposed. Furthermore, the results suggest the importance of considering 3D finite element models based of the real morphology of human PDL for representing the irregular stress distribution caused by the coupling of complex material models and irregular morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ortún-Terrazas
- Group of Biomaterials, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - J Cegoñino
- Group of Biomaterials, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - U Santana-Penín
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - U Santana-Mora
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Pérez Del Palomar
- Group of Biomaterials, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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An J, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhang B. A micro-CT study of microstructure change of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement under different force magnitudes in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1793-1798. [PMID: 28565769 PMCID: PMC5443305 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes of the microstructure of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats was explored by employing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) system and to provide theoretical reference for clinical orthodontic treatment. Ten rats were selected randomly as control among 70 adult female Wistar rats, and the other 60 rats were divided into 25-g and 75-g groups of equal number. Orthodontic appliance with force of 25 g and 75 g was installed to perform the molar mesial movement. Microstructural parameters for trabecular bone mesial to the distobuccal root were evaluated at different time points using micro-CT system. Moreover, distance for mesial movement of the molar were measured. Microstructural parameters for trabecular bone of two groups showed no significant changes from day 0 to day 3 (P>0.05); from day 3 to day 7, bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structure model index (SMI) increased significantly (P<0.05); from day 7 to day 14, in 25-g group, BMD, BV/TV and Tb.Th increased significantly (P<0.05), while Tb.Sp and SMI decreased significantly (P<0.05). Correspondingly, in 75-g group, changes of parameters did not carry any statistical significance (P>0.05). Furthermore, the 75-g group showed larger distance than 25-g group only at day 14 (P<0.05). In conclusion, in order to maintain the health of periodontal tissues, adequate time for repair and recovery is needed to ensure reasonable remolding of alveolar bone and healthy movement of the orthodontic tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao An
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshuang Liu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Dolci GS, Portela LV, Onofre de Souza D, Medeiros Fossati AC. Atorvastatin-induced osteoclast inhibition reduces orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:528-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kondo T, Hotokezaka H, Hamanaka R, Hashimoto M, Nakano-Tajima T, Arita K, Kurohama T, Ino A, Tominaga JY, Yoshida N. Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:563-569. [PMID: 28206811 DOI: 10.2319/110416-794.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, influence the displacement of the center of resistance in teeth and alveolar bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of different factors, as follows: type of movement (bodily and tipping) and force magnitude (10, 25, 50, and 100 cN). The maxillary left first molars were moved mesially with nickel-titanium coil springs for 28 days. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were taken before and after tooth movement. The position of the center of resistance was determined by using finite element models constructed from the micro-CT image. The displacement of the center of resistance and the volume of alveolar bone resorption were measured. RESULTS The displacement of the center of resistance showed no significant difference between the bodily and tipping groups. The displacements of the center of resistance were increased with force magnitude at 10 and 25 cN, whereas they were not further increased at 50 and 100 cN. On the other hand, cervical alveolar bone resorption was significantly greater in the tipping group than in the bodily group. CONCLUSIONS Displacement of the center of resistance was not influenced by the types of tooth movement. However, volume of cervical alveolar bone resorption was greater in the tipping movement group than in the bodily movement group.
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Ru N, Liu SSY, Bai Y, Li S, Liu Y, Wei X. BoneCeramic graft regenerates alveolar defects but slows orthodontic tooth movement with less root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:523-32. [PMID: 27021457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BoneCeramic (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) can regenerate bone in alveolar defects after tooth extraction, but it is unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate 3-dimensional real-time root resorption and bone responses in grafted sites during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss; Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland), or no graft, after the extraction of the maxillary left first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction site for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures and root resorption were evaluated using in-vivo microcomputed tomography. Stress distribution and corresponding tissue responses were examined by the finite element method and histology. Mixed model analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among time points with Bonferroni post-hoc tests at the significance level of P <0.05. RESULTS The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and root resorption volumes and craters, and the highest bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and mean trabecular thickness, followed by the Bio-Oss and the control groups. The highest stress accumulated in the cervical region of the mesial roots. CONCLUSIONS BoneCeramic has better osteoconductive potential and induces less root resorption compared with Bio-Oss grafting and naturally recovered extraction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ru
- Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sean Shih-Yao Liu
- Associate professor; director, Mineralized Tissues and Histology Research Laboratory; and director, Orthodontic Fellowship Program, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Song Li
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Associate professor, Key Laboratory of Equipment & Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Vieira GM, Chaves SB, Ferreira VMM, Freitas KMSD, Amorim RFB. The effect of simvastatin on relapse of tooth movement and bone mineral density in rats measured by a new method using microtomography. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:319-27. [PMID: 26016931 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150050000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on relapse of tooth movement in rats using microtomography (micro CT), as well as the correlation of bone density with the orthodontic relapse. METHODS Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, had stainless steel springs installed on left maxillary first molar. The molars were moved for 18 days, and after removing the springs, were applied by oral gavage, 5mg/kg of simvastatin in the experimental group for 20 days. Tooth relapse was assessed with a micro CT scanner, and the images chosen through the Data Viewer software 1.5.0.0 had their measurement guides made and checked by the software Image ProR plus 5.1, and compared by Mann-Whitney test. After rats were sacrificed, bone mineral density was evaluated by micro CT through the software CT Analyzer 1.13 and compared by independent T-test, as well as by Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Relapse and bone mineral density (BMD) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, however without a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION Simvastatin did not inhibit the relapse of tooth movement in rats, and there was no correlation between bone density and orthodontic relapse.
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Amemiya T, Yamada H, Kawashima S, Sawada K, Ejima K, Matsumoto K, Arai Y, Honda K. Reduction of moving artifacts caused by breathing in rats for in vivo micro-computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-014-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nakano T, Hotokezaka H, Hashimoto M, Sirisoontorn I, Arita K, Kurohama T, Darendeliler MA, Yoshida N. Effects of different types of tooth movement and force magnitudes on the amount of tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:1079-85. [PMID: 24754797 DOI: 10.2319/121913-929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in the amount of tooth movement and root resorption that occurred after tipping and bodily movement of the maxillary first molar in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to type of tooth movement and subdivided into four subgroups according to the magnitude of applied force. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs exerting forces of 10, 25, 50, or 100 g were applied to the maxillary left first molars to induce mesial tooth movement. We designed a novel orthodontic appliance for bodily tooth movement. Tooth movement distance and root resorption were measured using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron and scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS The amount of tooth movement in the bodily tooth movement group was less than half that in the tipping tooth movement group. The greatest amount of tooth movement occurred in the 10-g tipping and 50-g bodily tooth movement subgroups, and the amount of tooth movement decreased with the application of an excessive magnitude of force. Conversely, root resorption increased when the heavier orthodontic force was applied in both groups. Root resorption in the tipping tooth movement group was approximately twice that in the bodily tooth movement group. CONCLUSIONS Root resorption in the tipping tooth movement group was more pronounced than that in the bodily tooth movement group. Although the amount of tooth movement decreased when extremely heavy forces were applied, root resorption increased in both the tipping and bodily tooth movement groups in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Nakano
- a Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Vasco MAA, Souza JTAD, Las Casas EBD, de Castro e Silva ALR, Hecke M. A method for constructing teeth and maxillary bone parametric model from clinical CT scans. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2014.889579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kirschneck C, Proff P, Fanghaenel J, Behr M, Wahlmann U, Roemer P. Differentiated analysis of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with an improved rat model and three-dimensional imaging. Ann Anat 2013; 195:539-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xu Y, Zhao T, Xu W, Ding Y. Periodontal microstructure change and tooth movement pattern under different force magnitudes in ovariectomized rats: an in-vivo microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 143:828-36. [PMID: 23726333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in the periodontal microstructure and the molar displacement pattern during orthodontic tooth movement in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Twenty ovariectomized rats received either 100 or 30 g of orthodontic force to induce mesial movement of the maxillary left first molars over 14 days. Ten healthy rats underwent sham operations as controls. Periodontal ligament thickness, alveolar bone microstructural properties, and displacement of the molar were measured with 6 in-vivo microcomputed tomography scans for each sample. RESULTS The ovariectomized rats that received 100 g of orthodontic force had obvious changes in periodontal ligament thickness at day 1 and poor periodontal ligament thickness recovery from days 5 through 14. The bone volume fraction increased and the trabecular separation decreased significantly in this group at day 3, and obvious bone loss was observed at day 14. Molar linear and angular movements were also higher in this group than in the other 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Relatively heavier force applications in ovariectomized rats resulted in poor periodontal ligament thickness recovery and local alveolar bone overcompression, and consequently induced undermining resorption and obvious alveolar bone loss; these led to high rates of tooth movement and molar inclination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Insee K, Pothacharoen P, Kongtawelert P, Ongchai S, Jotikasthira D, Krisanaprakornkit S. Comparisons of the chondroitin sulphate levels in orthodontically moved canines and the clinical outcomes between two different force magnitudes. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:39-46. [PMID: 23535117 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the chondroitin sulphate (CS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of moved canines using either 70 or 120 g of orthodontic force, and to compare the rate of tooth movement and the amount of pain between these two force magnitudes. Sixteen patients (6 males and 10 females; aged 16.91 ± 2.99 years), with class I malocclusion, who required orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions, were recruited. The force magnitudes used to move the maxillary canines distally were controlled at 70 and 120 g on the right and the left sides, respectively. GCF samples were collected with Periopaper(®) strips before and during orthodontic tooth movement. Competitive ELISA with monoclonal antibody was used to measure the CS levels. The distance of tooth movement and the amount of pain assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scores were evaluated. The medians of CS levels during the loaded period were significantly greater than those during the unloaded period (P < 0.05). The differences between the medians of CS levels of 70 g and 120 g retraction force during each 1 week period were not significant. There was no significant difference in the rates of canine movement between these two force magnitudes. However, using 120 g, the medians of VAS scores were significantly greater than those with 70 g (P < 0.05). Collectively, 70 g retraction force appears to be sufficient and more suitable than 120 g force as it causes no difference in biochemically-assessed bone remodelling activity, the same rate of tooth movement, reduced pain and better comfort.
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Shimizu Y, Ishida T, Hosomichi J, Kaneko S, Hatano K, Ono T. Soft diet causes greater alveolar osteopenia in the mandible than in the maxilla. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:907-11. [PMID: 23490352 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the bony microstructure of the upper and lower alveolar bone during masticatory loading induced by soft diet feeding in growing rats. DESIGN Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats were fed with either pellets [control group (n=6)] or a soft diet [experimental group (n=6)] for nine weeks. 3D-microstructure of the alveolar bone of the first molar region (M1) was examined by micro-CT analysis. RESULTS Micro-CT images showed increased marrow spaces of the inter-radicular alveolar bone around the rat mandibular M1 in the experimental group compared with that in the control group. The bone volume/tissue volume ratio, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, mean intercept length, trabecular width and trabecular star volume for the mandibular M1 inter-radicular alveolar bone were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Marrow space star volume was increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alveolar osteopenia is more extensive in the mandible than the maxilla in rats that experience low masticatory loading during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Ortega AJ“AJ, Campbell PM, Hinton R, Naidu A, Buschang PH. Local application of zoledronate for maximum anchorage during space closure. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fill TS, Carey JP, Toogood RW, Major PW. Experimentally determined mechanical properties of, and models for, the periodontal ligament: critical review of current literature. JOURNAL OF DENTAL BIOMECHANICS 2011; 2011:312980. [PMID: 21772924 PMCID: PMC3134825 DOI: 10.4061/2011/312980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This review is intended to highlight and discuss discrepancies in the literature of the periodontal ligament's (PDL) mechanical properties and the various experimental approaches used to measure them.
Methods. Searches were performed on biomechanical and orthodontic publications (in databases: Compendex, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus).
Results. The review revealed that significant variations exist, some on the order of six orders of magnitude, in the PDL's elastic constants and mechanical properties. Possible explanations may be attributable to different experimental approaches and assumptions.
Conclusions. The discrepancies highlight the need for further research into PDL properties under various clinical and experimental loading conditions. Better understanding of the PDL's biomechanical behavior under physiologic and traumatic loading conditions might enhance the understanding of the PDL's biologic reaction in health and disease. Providing a greater insight into the response of the PDL would be instrumental to orthodontists and engineers for designing more predictable, and therefore more efficacious, orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted S Fill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada T6G 2G8
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Sirisoontorn I, Hotokezaka H, Hashimoto M, Gonzales C, Luppanapornlarp S, Darendeliler MA, Yoshida N. Tooth movement and root resorption; the effect of ovariectomy on orthodontic force application in rats. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:570-7. [PMID: 21361777 DOI: 10.2319/101710-607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the amount of tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) in ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five 10-week-old female Wistar rats undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) were investigated as the experimental group, and the other five without ovariectomy served as the control group. Four weeks after ovariectomy, 25-g nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were applied mesially to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-computed tomography was taken at day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. At day 28, the molars were extracted. The surface area of root resorption craters, depth, and volume were measured using electron and laser scanning microscopes. RESULTS Tooth movement gradually increased with time throughout 28 days. There was a significant difference in the amount of tooth movement between the control group and the OVX group. For OIRR, the OVX group showed wide and shallow root resorption craters scattered on the mesial root. The deep resorption craters were observed on the distal roots distributed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the roots. Statistically significant differences were found between the control and the OVX groups in the depth and the volume of root resorption craters in the distal roots and the total volume of root resorption craters in all three roots. CONCLUSION Ovariectomy affected not only tooth movement but also OIRR. Tooth movement in the OVX group was more rapid than the control group. Furthermore, the amount of OIRR in the OVX group was more severe than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irin Sirisoontorn
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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