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Sugiyama Y, Tochigi K, Tachi A, Arai K. The dimensions of preformed nickel-titanium archwires measured at the bracket positions corresponding to the central incisor, canine, and first molar. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024:S0889-5406(24)00201-4. [PMID: 39093251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variation in the thickness of commercially available preformed rectangular archwires at the bracket positions has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this study measured the edgewise (height) and flatwise (width) dimensions of preformed rectangular nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires at bracket positions corresponding to the central incisor, canine, and first molar and compared them among bracket positions. METHODS Sixty types of preformed rectangular NiTi mandibular archwires indicated as 0.019 × 0.025-in were obtained from 14 manufacturers. The height and width dimensions of archwires were measured at 4 points (3 bracket positions corresponding to the central incisor, canine, and first molar, and 1 terminal end) of each side of each archwire using a micrometer and compared with the indicated dimensions using 1-sample t tests. Furthermore, the measured dimensions were compared among the 3 bracket positions using a 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS The measured dimensions were significantly smaller than the indicated dimensions for all points except the central incisor point for height and significantly smaller than the indicated dimensions for all points for width. Comparisons among points showed that for height, the central incisor point was significantly larger than the first molar and terminal points. However, no significant differences were found for width at any point. CONCLUSIONS The measured dimensions of preformed NiTi archwires at the bracket positions were generally smaller than the indicated dimensions, with variations observed not only among products but also among manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sugiyama
- Department of Orthodontics, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tochigi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Tachi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Saraiva PC, Cruz MH, Medeiros IS, Bozelli JV, Neto JR, Paiva JBD. Comparison of torque expression among passive self-ligating brackets with different slot depths: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100866. [PMID: 38479220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between a 0.019×0.025-inch (″) stainless steel archwire and two types of passive self-ligating brackets with the same slot height (0.022″) and different slot depths (0.028″ and 0.026″, and to measure the archwire/slot play as well as to compare the torque expression with archwire torsions of 12°, 24°, and 36°. MATERIAL AND METHODS An experimental device was developed along with a universal testing machine to measure torque expression in two types of brackets with 0.028″ and 0.026″ slot depths. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed to identify the differences between groups. RESULTS The 0.026″ slot bracket presented greater archwire/slot play when compared to the 0.028″ bracket. Torque expression with torsions of 24° and 36° were significantly higher in the 0.028″ depth brackets when compared to the 0.026″ depth brackets. CONCLUSION The 0.022″×0.026″ passive self-ligating brackets attached with a 0.019″×0.025″ stainless steel archwire provided no greater torque control when compared to 0.022″×0.028″ passive self-ligating brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murilo Henrique Cruz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Rino Neto
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Paiva
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wichelhaus A, Guggenbühl S, Hötzel L, Seidel CL, Sabbagh H, Hoffmann L. Comparing Torque Transmission of Different Bracket Systems in Combination with Various Archwires Considering Play in the Bracket Slot: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:684. [PMID: 38591559 PMCID: PMC10856117 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the play between various archwires and bracket systems, exploring potential variations in angle values for specific torque and torque values for a given angle along different bracket systems. Therefore, seven brackets systems were evaluated in conjunction with different stainless steel archwires of varying dimensions (0.016″ × 0.022″, 0.018″ × 0.025″, and 0.019″ × 0.025″). Biomechanical behavior during torque development and transmission was assessed using a six-component force/torque sensor. Torque angles (5-45°) were specified with subsequent torque measurement, and the sequence was reversed by setting the torque (5-30 Nmm) and measuring the angle. A reference measurement with 0 Nmm torque served to evaluate bracket slot play. Bracket play (0 Nmm) during palatal load ranged between 20.06° and 32.50° for 0.016″ × 0.022″ wire, 12.83° and 21.11° for 0.018″ × 0.025″ wire, and 8.39° and 18.73° for 0.019″ × 0.025″ wire. The BioQuick® bracket exhibited the highest play, while Wave SL® and Damon® Q brackets demonstrated the lowest play (p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.001) between the brackets were observed in the torque angles required to achieve torques of 5-20 Nmm. In summary, each bracket system has a different torque transmission, which is of great clinical importance in order to achieve correct torque transmission and avoid complications such as root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80366 Munich, Germany; (A.W.); (L.H.); (C.L.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Simon Guggenbühl
- Orthodontia Private Practice, Engelbergstrasse 28a, 6370 Stans, Switzerland;
| | - Linus Hötzel
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80366 Munich, Germany; (A.W.); (L.H.); (C.L.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Corinna L. Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80366 Munich, Germany; (A.W.); (L.H.); (C.L.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hisham Sabbagh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80366 Munich, Germany; (A.W.); (L.H.); (C.L.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Lea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80366 Munich, Germany; (A.W.); (L.H.); (C.L.S.); (H.S.)
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Palone M, Mannelli E, Gobbi E, Huanca Ghislanzoni LT, Cremonini F, Lombardo L. Is a non-radiological-assisted method valid for establishing crown-root relationships in an orthodontic set-up incorporating the roots? A retrospective study. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100792. [PMID: 37499443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to obtain information on the relationship between crown and root in terms of morphology - dimensions and crown-root angles -to be used for orthodontic set-ups without the use of radiological examinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the good quality CBCTs of patients obeying the eligibility criteria, from 2000 to 2015, were analysed. All teeth were analysed except for third molars. Six variables were evaluated: crown (CL) and root length (RL), crown width (CW), root width (RW), crown-root angles in both the frontal (CR-frontal) and sagittal plane (CR-sagittal). All teeth were divided into 3 groups according to number of root (single, two, three-rooted). The measurements were assessed with the Invivo professional software and then, subjected to correlation matrices and linear regression statistical analysis in order to find any significant correlations between crown and root measurements (α≤0.05). RESULTS Seventy-three out of 247 good quality CBCTs were assessed. Correlation matrices statistical analysis showed linear correlations for some variables investigated, especially for CW/RW pairing in all subgroups (r=0.81, r=0.70 and r=0.58 respectively for single-, two- and three-rooted) and CL/RL in the single-rooted subgroup (r=0.29). Subsequent linear regression analysis allowed to obtain information about roots starting from crown measurements by means of equations [RW=0.76+(0.73×CW) and RL=10.94+(0.25×CL) for single-rooted teeth; RL=1.11+(0.73×CW) and RW=0.99+(0.76×CW), respectively for single- and two-rooted teeth]. No linear correlation was found between crown measurements and C-R angular values. CONCLUSION It is possible to obtain root information starting from some crown measurements but these do not fulfil the need of minimal information to guarantee a perfect root position starting from that of crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Palone
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannelli
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elena Gobbi
- Private Practice, Falconara M.ma, 60015 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cremonini
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Lombardo
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Copelovici N, Tran ML, Lefebvre F, Laheurte P, Wagner D. Super-elasticity in vitro assessment of CuNiTi wires according to their Austenite finish temperature and the imposed displacement. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:388-395. [PMID: 35099518 DOI: 10.2319/027121-575.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the super-elasticity of CuNiTi wires (Ormco, Glendora, Calif) according to their Austenite finish temperature (Af) and to the imposed displacement. The secondary objective was to compare the wire dimensions with the stated measurements and to study interbatch variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 types of CuNiTi wires (Ormco, Glendora, Calif) (n = 350) were investigated at 36 ± 1°C, with conventional brackets (Victory Series, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Tensile test with coronoapical displacement ranging from 1 to 5 mm of the canine bracket was imposed. The wire dimensions were initially measured from two batches (n = 10). RESULTS Dimensional heterogeneity varied by ± 2.00% compared to the manufacturer's data, and even up to 5.54% for 0.014-inch CuNiTi (P = .00069). However, all unloading forces were reproducible. In decreasing order, the forces delivered by a CuNiTi 27 were greater than those with CuNiTi 35 and 40. The super-elasticity was expressed only for displacements of 1 to 2 mm, at best up to 3 mm for 0.014-inch CuNiTi 27. CONCLUSIONS The value of Af as well as the amount of imposed displacement seem to influence the expression of the super-elasticity of CuNiTi wires and the amount of corrected malocclusion. Among the tested wires, under these experimental conditions, 0.014-inch wire could be suitable as a first archwire. CuNiTi 35, therefore, seems to offer the best compromise among the force level, the expression of super-elasticity and the amount of malocclusion correction.
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Implications of pretreatment incisor inclinations for the achievement of cephalometric normal values-a study on two patient collectives. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:181-194. [PMID: 34232329 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to clarify whether standardized multibracket therapies-differing only in finishing-wire dimensions (0.016 × 0.022 inch vs. 0.017 × 0.025 inch CNA [Connecticut New Archwire]) and excluding any extraction treatment or additional appliances other than intermaxillary elastics-can produce normal incisor inclinations starting from different baseline inclinations. METHODS We analyzed pre- and posttreatment cephalograms of 156 patients (age: 15.6 ± 1.3 years) treated with Roth system (0.018 inch slot). Each archwire group (n = 89 or 67) was divided into subjects with initially retroclined, orthograde, or proclined upper and/or lower incisors (U1, L1). For the resultant 12 subgroups, descriptive statistics were compiled relative to five reference planes (NL, ML, NA, NB, BOP), followed by multiple intragroup (Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff and Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and intergroup (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test) comparisons relative to NL or ML. RESULTS The following intra- (1, 2) and intergroup (3, 4) differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) in both archwire groups: (1) post- vs. pretreatment inclinations in the subgroups initially retroclined U1, retroclined L1 and orthograde U1, but without normal values being achieved (subgroups retroclined U1, L1) or preserved (subgroup orthograde U1); (2) observed vs. expected alterations for the subgroups initially orthograde and proclined U1 and L1; (3) posttreatment inclinations for the subgroups initially retroclined vs. orthograde L1 and proclined L1; (4) observed alterations for the subgroups initially retroclined vs. proclined U1 and L1, but neither retroclined nor proclined vs. orthograde. Archwire thickness influenced the outcome to only a limited extent under the special circumstances of this study. CONCLUSION The bracket/archwire combinations evaluated did not lead to normal incisor inclinations in most cases. Posttreatment values did significantly depend on the pretreatment situation. Most frequently, alterations were protrusive in direction, which notably even included incisors that showed norm values at the outset of treatment. It can be concluded that bracket torque will influence but not dominate incisor inclinations.
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Albertini P, Mazzanti V, Mollica F, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Comparative analysis of passive play and torque expression in self-ligating and traditional lingual brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:13-22. [PMID: 34185103 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine and compare the play and torque expression of self-ligating and conventionally ligated lingual brackets, with square and rectangular slots, when engaged with archwires of different size, cross section and material. METHODS Passive play and torque expression of 3 types of archwires and 5 types of brackets from four different manufacturers were measured and compared using a dynamometer. Each archwire was tested five times in each bracket; passive play was compared to ideal values, while torque expression was tested at 5, 10 and 20 Nmm as clinically efficacious values. RESULTS Regarding full thickness stainless steel archwires, the lowest passive play was found in STb brackets (2.66 ± 0.89°, Ormco, Glendora, CA, USA), which was statistically significantly lower than for ALIAS brackets (4.44 ± 0.75°, Ormco), In-Ovation L brackets (6.14 ± 3.22°, Dentsply GAC, Bohemia, NY, USA), Harmony brackets (7.76 ± 2.94°, American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA) and eBrace brackets (9.46 ± 3.94°, Riton Biomaterial, Guangzhou, China). Increasing the torsional load to the greatest torsional load clinically applicable, there were no statistically significant differences between STb, ALIAS, In-Ovation L and Harmony brackets. CONCLUSIONS STb and ALIAS brackets generated the lowest passive play; STb and In-Ovation L brackets showed the lowest angle of play at the greatest torque expression. These measurements allow to understand the accuracy of lingual systems and at the same time the amount of overcorrections to be applied in the setup in order to obtain high quality orthodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Albertini
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, via Livatino, 9, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | - Luca Lombardo
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, via Livatino, 9, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Siciliani
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, via Livatino, 9, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Ferrara, Italy
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Dual-section versus conventional archwire for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth with direct skeletal anchorage: a finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33632190 PMCID: PMC7908704 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare the biomechanical effects of the conventional 0.019 × 0.025-in stainless steel archwire with the dual-section archwire when en-masse retraction is performed with sliding mechanics and skeletal anchorage. METHODS Models of maxillary dentition equipped with the 0.019 × 0.025-in archwire and the dual-section archwire, whose anterior portion is 0.021 × 0.025-in and posterior portion is 0.018 × 0.025-in were constructed. Then, long-term tooth movement during en-masse retraction was simulated using the finite element method. Power arms of 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm length were employed to control anterior torque, and retraction forces of 2 N were applied with a direct skeletal anchorage. RESULTS For achieving bodily movement of the incisors, power arms longer than 14 mm were required for the 0.019 × 0.025-in archwire, while between 8 and 10 mm for the dual-section archwire. The longer the power arms, the greater the counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane was produced. Frictional resistance generated between the archwire and brackets and tubes on the posterior teeth was smaller than 5% of the retraction force of 2 N. CONCLUSIONS The use of dual-section archwire might bring some biomechanical advantages as it allows to apply retraction force at a considerable lower height, and with a reduced occlusal plane rotation, compared to the conventional archwire. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the present results.
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Palone M, Latini MC, Cremonini F, Ghislanzoni LTH, Spedicato GA, Albertini P. Digital Assessment of Dental Parameters in Italian and Mozambican Subjects with Ideal Occlusion and Permanent Dentition. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Research paper: The three-dimensional mechanical response of orthodontic archwires and brackets in vitro during simulated orthodontic torque. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104196. [PMID: 33221162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic archwire rotation around its long axis, known as third-order torque, is utilised to correct tooth rotational misalignments moving the tooth root closer to or away from the cheek through engagement with an orthodontic bracket. Studying the behaviour of archwire and brackets during an applied rotation can aid in better understanding and appreciating the mechanics of third-order torque, potentially allowing for more effective orthodontic treatment protocols. Mechanically characterising archwire behaviour during third-order torque application is a complex task due to their physical scale and geometries. An advanced measurement technique was needed to address these constraints. A three-dimensional (3D) non-contact optical method using a digital image correlation (DIC) system was developed. An orthodontic torque simulator (OTS) was used to apply and measure third-order torque with 0.483 × 0.635 mm (0.019″ x 0.025″) rectangular archwires in tandem with a 3D DIC system, whereby surface deformations and strains could be computed using correlation algorithms. The 3D DIC system was implemented to enable third-order torque experimentation with the OTS while imaging the archwire and bracket surfaces. The 3D DIC system's ability to measure 3D archwire deformations and strains was verified using a finite element model, where comparisons between 3D DIC measurements and calculated results from the model were made to ensure the measurement capabilities of 3D DIC in the context of third-order torque. The 3D DIC system was then used to compare archwire behaviour between stainless steel (SS) and titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires to study potential clinical differences in archwire behaviour, in which the archwires were rotated with a custom SS rigid dowel (RD) as well as commercial Damon Q orthodontic brackets. The quantification of third-order torque and archwire deformations and strains led to the conclusion that SS archwires led to larger torque magnitudes compared to TMA archwires. The RD resulted in larger archwire strains compared to Damon Q brackets. The 3D DIC system provides a non-contact measurement technique that can further be used with third-order torque experimentation with the OTS.
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Kolge NE, Patni VJ, Karandikar G, VK R, Daga P, Madhaswar AB. Comparative Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy, Surface Characteristics, and Load Deflection Attributes of 0.019" × 0.025" Stainless Steel Wires Sourced from Six Different Commercial Houses: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0301574220939382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare dimensional accuracy, surface characteristics and load deflection attributes of SS wires sourced from six different commercial houses. Materials & Methods: 0.019” x 0.025” SS wire samples were divided into 6 groups and evaluated and compared for the aforementioned properties. Dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, frictional resistance, load deflection rate and ultimate tensile strength were evaluated and compared. Results: Dimensional accuracy did not vary significantly. Surface Profilometry proved 3M Unitek (Group 1) to be the wire with least irregularities. According to SEM, Modern Orthodontics (Group 6) and 3M Unitek (Group 1) in terms of ‘Sa’ and ‘Sq’ respectively had the smoothest surface finish. SS wires sourced from G&H Orthodontics (Group 2) exhibited least frictional resistance. Load deflection rates varied for all the groups for all three parameters under the study. UTS was best for SS wires sourced from Rabbit Force Orthodontics (Group 5). Conclusion: No wire from a single commercial house excels in all the parameters that were evaluated, each one having its aces and minuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj E Kolge
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek J Patni
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Karandikar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharathi Vidyapeeth Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindranath VK
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prateek Daga
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aarti B Madhaswar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Tepedino M, Paiella G, Iancu Potrubacz M, Monaco A, Gatto R, Chimenti C. Dimensional variability of orthodontic slots and archwires: an analysis of torque expression and clinical implications. Prog Orthod 2020; 21:32. [PMID: 32924097 PMCID: PMC7487281 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The loss of third-order information in pre-adjusted brackets due to torsional play is a problem in clinical orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of slot height, archwire height, width and edge bevel’s radius on the torsional play for three brackets/archwire systems. Methods Ninety brackets with a 0.022 × 0.028 in. slot with McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi prescription from three different manufacturers were selected, and the slot’s height and depth were measured using a profile projector. Sixty stainless-steel rectangular archwires from three different manufacturers were sectioned and observed with a SEM to measure their height, width, and radius of edge bevel. The recorded data were used to calculate the theoretical torsional play between different slot−archwire combinations. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurements within different bracket types and among different manufacturers. Results Slot height was usually oversized. Archwire’s height was usually undersized, but oversized wires were also observed. The radius edge bevel was the most variable parameter. A certain degree of torsional play is always present that differs from one bracket type to another of the same producer and that can even be doubled from one manufacturer to another. Conclusions Due to production tolerance, differences between the nominal values and the real dimensions of any components of a slot/archwire system are common. This results in a torsional play that limits torque expression. The archwire’s edge bevel plays an important role in torque expression, and clearer information should be provided by the manufacturers regarding this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tepedino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S. Salvatore, Edificio Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Giordano Paiella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S. Salvatore, Edificio Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maciej Iancu Potrubacz
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S. Salvatore, Edificio Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Chimenti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S. Salvatore, Edificio Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Comparation of three methods for measuring the Edge Bevel Radius of rectangular orthodontic wires: An in-vitro study. Int Orthod 2020; 18:509-518. [PMID: 32327346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a simplified method for measuring the edge bevel radius of 0.019×0.025-in steel rectangular orthodontic wires, achievable in the clinical environment, and to compare it with the photographic method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aided by the AutoCAD™ 2016 software, the theoretical mathematical relationship was determined between the edge rounding radius and cross-sectional dimensions (height, width, diagonals), through rectangle drawings that represent cross-sections. Two hundred segments (n=20) were obtained from the posterior portions of 100 archwires from 10 brands (Dentaurum™; American-Orthodontics™; GAC™; 3M-Unitek™; Abzil™; Morelli™; Orthometric™; Aditek™; A-Company™; Orthomundi™). The cross-sectional measures of each segment were obtained with a micrometer and a caliper, and the edge bevel radii of these segments were calculated with the use of a mathematical formula. For the "gold standard", the segments were included longitudinally in a phenolic resin cylinder, cross-sectioned, polished, and photographed in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The images were amplified 770× and the radii were measured with an acetate template. The micrometer and caliper measuring methods were subjected to Bland-Altman analysis and compared with the gold standard (SEM), considering ±10μm as the maximum acceptable difference between methods. RESULTS In the micrometre measurement, 95% of the differences from the standard were within the limits of agreement (-7.21 and 5.56μm). For the caliper method, 95% of the differences were between -5.46 and 19.83μm, which exceeded the fixed limit ±10μm. CONCLUSION The calculation method with micrometre measurements is equivalent to the photographic method, but there is no such equivalence for the caliper measurements.
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Cozzani M, Sadri D, Nucci L, Jamilian P, Pirhadirad AP, Jamilian A. The effect of Alexander, Gianelly, Roth, and MBT bracket systems on anterior retraction: a 3-dimensional finite element study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1351-1357. [PMID: 31352519 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to compare the effect of 4 bracket systems including Alexander, Roth, MBT, and Gianelly on upper anterior retraction and to quantify the amount of torque loss ratio in sliding mechanics by help of a 3-dimensional (3D) finite element method. METHOD AND MATERIALS 3D FEM models were constructed in order to simulate anterior incisor retraction in first premolar extraction case. Displacement, stress, and strain on the incisal edge and apex of maxillary central incisor were calculated when 1-, 2-, and 3-N retraction forces were applied. Torque loss ratio was calculated by measuring the displacement of the teeth at crown tip and root apex in all 4 bracket systems on upper central incisor. RESULTS Uncontrolled lingual crown tipping of the incisor was observed in all bracket systems. The crown moved lingually by 9.5 μm and the root labially by 4.5 μm in MBT system with 3-N retraction force. The amount of crown movement was 8 μm and the root displacement was 4 μm in Gianelly system with the same retraction force. Torque loss ratio was 1.46 in Alexander and Gianelly with 3-N retraction force. However, the amount of torque loss ratio was 1.47 in MBT and Roth with the same retraction force. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Uncontrolled tipping was the least in Gianelly and was the highest in MBT. The amount of torque loss ratio was the lowest in Gianelly and Alexander systems and the amount of torque loss ratio was the highest in MBT system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donia Sadri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Dental School, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Parsa Jamilian
- International Baccalaureate Program, Danube International School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amir Parham Pirhadirad
- Department of Bio Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bio Medical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Cranio Maxillofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Jamilian
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cranio Maxillofacial Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Cozzani M, Azizi A, Eslami S, Darnahal A, Pirhadirad A, Jamilian A. 3-dimensional finite element analysis of the outcomes of Alexander, Gianelly, Roth and MBT bracket prescription. Int Orthod 2019; 17:45-52. [PMID: 30773446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a 4-bracket system including Alexander, Roth, MBT (Maxillary Transverse Bioadaptation), and Gianelly on the upper anterior tooth movement in sliding mechanics with the help of a 3-Dimensional (3D) Finite Element Method. METHODS Displacement, stress, strain, centre of rotation and resistance on the incise edge and apex of the maxillary central incisor were calculated when 100, 200, 300, 400grams of retraction force were applied. RESULTS The amount of incise edge displacement was 2.609×10-4mm 2.682×10-4mm 2.875×10-4mm and 2.881×10-4mm in Alexander, Gianelly, Roth and MBT respectively with 100gr of retraction force. The value of apex root movement was 3.485×10-4mm 3.547×10-4mm 3.852×10-4mm and 3.864×10-4mm in Alexander, Gianelly, Roth and MBT respectively with 400g of retraction force. CONCLUSIONS The MBT system had the maximum apex root and incisal edge movement in all 100, 200, 300, 400grams of retraction force. The Alexander system had the lowest apex and incisal edge movement in all retraction forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cozzani
- Medical and Rehabilitation Area, Dental Sciences Section, United Campus of Malta HEI, Malta, USA
| | - Arash Azizi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Craniomaxillofacial Research Centre, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Eslami
- Department of orthodontics, Dental School, Craniomaxillofacial Research Centre, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Darnahal
- Department of orthodontics, Dental School, Craniomaxillofacial Research Centre, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirparham Pirhadirad
- Department of Bio Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bio Medical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Dental Branch, Cranio maxillofacial Research Centre, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Jamilian
- Department of orthodontics, Dental School, Craniomaxillofacial Research Centre, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Takada M, Nakajima A, Kuroda S, Horiuchi S, Shimizu N, Tanaka E. In vitro evaluation of frictional force of a novel elastic bendable orthodontic wire. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:602-610. [PMID: 29799272 DOI: 10.2319/111417-779.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frictional force (FF) of the novel, elastic, bendable titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloy orthodontic wire in stainless steel (SS) brackets and to compare it with those of titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) and titanium-molybdenum (Ti-Mo) alloy wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three sizes of Ti-Nb, Ti-Ni, and Ti-Mo alloy wires were ligated with elastic modules to 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch SS brackets. The dynamic FFs between the orthodontic wires and SS brackets were measured at three bracket-wire angles (0°, 5°, and 10°) with an Instron 5567 loading apparatus (Canton, Mass). RESULTS FFs increased gradually with the angle and wire size. In the 0.018-inch-slot bracket, the dynamic FFs of Ti-Nb and Ti-Ni alloy wires were almost the same, and those of the Ti-Mo alloy wire were significantly greater ( P<0.05). FF values were 1.5-2 times greater in the 0.022-inch-slot bracket than in the 0.018-inch-slot bracket, regardless of alloy wire type, and the Ti-Mo alloy wire showed the greatest FF. Scanning electric microscopic images showed that the surface of the Ti-Mo alloy wire was much rougher than that of the Ti-Ni and Ti-Nb alloy wires. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the Ti-Nb alloy wire has almost the same frictional resistance as the Ti-Ni alloy wire, although it has a higher elastic modulus.
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Papageorgiou SN, Sifakakis I, Doulis I, Eliades T, Bourauel C. Torque efficiency of square and rectangular archwires into 0.018 and 0.022 in. conventional brackets. Prog Orthod 2016; 17:5. [PMID: 26780465 PMCID: PMC4715034 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the torque efficacy of square and rectangular wires in 0.018- and 0.022-in. conventionally ligated brackets. METHODS Brackets of the same prescription were evaluated in both slot dimensions. Identical acrylic resin models of the maxilla were bonded with the brackets and mounted on the Orthodontic Measurement and Simulation System. Ten 0.018 × 0.018 in., 0.018 × 0.022 in., and 0.018 × 0.025 in. stainless steel wires were evaluated in the 0.018-in. brackets and ten 0.019 × 0.019 in., 0.019 × 0.025 in., and 0.019 × 0.026 in. stainless steel wires were evaluated in the 0.022-in. brackets. A 15° buccal root torque was gradually applied to the right central incisor bracket, and the moments were recorded at this position. One-way ANOVA was applied for both bracket slot sizes along with post hoc analysis for the various archwire sizes. RESULTS The mean measured moments varied between 10.78 and 30.60 Nmm among the assessed wire-and-bracket combinations. Both square and rectangular archwires in the 0.018-in. bracket system exerted statistically significantly higher moments in comparison with their counterparts in the 0.022-in. bracket system. Rectangular archwires exerted statistically significantly higher moments than square archwires, both for the 0.018- and the 0.022-in. bracket system. CONCLUSIONS Rectangular archwires seem to be more efficient in torque exertion, especially in 0.018-in. brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iosif Sifakakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Department of Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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