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Siddiqui S, Ehsan AA, Sakrani H, Samdani SA. Comparison of linear distance of glenoid fossa to frontomaxillary nasal suture in skeletal Class-II and skeletal Class-I malocclusion. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1561-1565. [PMID: 39092068 PMCID: PMC11255785 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.7.8506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare linear distance of glenoid fossa to frontomaxillary nasal suture in skeletal Class-I and II malocclusions. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi Pakistan. The duration of study was one year from January, 2019 to January, 2020. After taking informed consent from patient and hospital ethical committee a total of 60 patients were included in the study using WHO sample size calculator. Two groups comprising 30 patients each i.e., Skeletal Class-I malocclusion and Skeletal Class-II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion both having normal vertical relationship were included in the study. The cephalometric measurements SNA, SNB, SNMP, FHMP, GF-FMN, CO-GO, CO GN on lateral cephalograms were measured and compared between the two groups. Independent t test was applied and p value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results In skeletal Class-I malocclusion the mean linear distance of GF-FMN was 70.2 ± 4.02 mm and in skeletal Class-II malocclusion it was 73.4 ± 4.04 mm (p value .004). Glenoid fossa was 3.2 mm distally placed in patients with Class-II malocclusion. Conclusion Glenoid fossa position is a diagnostic feature of Class-II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion. One of the effective cephalometric measurements to check glenoid fossa position is the distance from the glenoid fossa(GF) to the frontomaxillary nasal suture FMN (GF-FMN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Siddiqui
- Dr. Sadaf Siddiqui, BDS FCPS (Orthodontics), CHPE Senior Registrar, Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Afzal Ehsan
- Prof. Dr. Ambreen Afzal Ehsan. BDS, FCPS (Orthodontics) C. Ortho, F-TMJ, OFSOS, M. Orth Head of Orthodontics Department & Dean of Academics, Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sakrani
- Prof. Dr. Hasnain Sakrani, BDS FCPS. Principal, Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Asif Samdani
- Dr. Sadia Asif Samdani, BDS FCPS (Orthodontics) Assistant Professor, ISRA Dental University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Department of Orthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
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Govaerts D, Kalantary S, Van de Casteele E, Nadjmi N. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in children with Pierre Robin sequence: long-term analysis of teeth and jaw growth. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:551-558. [PMID: 38902108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of children with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) having a hypoplastic mandible and upper airway distress after birth may consist of external distraction devices. Shape anomalies of the permanent molars and positional changes due to surgery have been documented. The aim of this study is to compare the long-term effects (>5 years) on the growth pattern of PRS-patients treated with an external mandibular distraction device with no-surgery cases and to investigate the dental development or damage. A retrospective cohort study was performed. PRS-patients with and without surgery were included. A digital cephalometric analysis was made to evaluate the growth pattern of the mandible between groups as well as with normal values. Nine of 19 patients underwent an external mandibular distraction. All children were extubated after 4-5 days with no signs of respiratory distress. Screw and device loosening presented in one patient. The articular and sellar angles were significantly larger and smaller, respectively, in the Surgery group. Mandibular distraction surgery might result in a 'growth boost' compared to the No-surgery group. No significant difference in dental development was found. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is an effective way of relieving severe upper airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Govaerts
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK Association, AZ Monica Hospital Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofia Kalantary
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK Association, AZ Monica Hospital Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Van de Casteele
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK Association, AZ Monica Hospital Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; All for Research VZW, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nasser Nadjmi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK Association, AZ Monica Hospital Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; All for Research VZW, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Habumugisha J, Nakamura M, Kono K, Uchida K, Konko M, Izawa T, Kamioka H. Novel prediction models for pharyngeal-airway volume based on the cranial-base and midsagittal cross-sectional area of the airway in the pharyngeal region: A cephalometric and magnetic resonance imaging study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:394-402. [PMID: 38059557 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to elucidate the association between cranial base (Bjork-Jarabak analysis), midsagittal cross-sectional area of the airway in the pharyngeal region (MCSA-PR) data and pharyngeal-airway volume (PAV) and develop a model that could help clinicians predict PAV using two-dimensional (2D) data (Bjork polygon and MCSA-PR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 82 women were categorized into three anteroposterior skeletal groups based on ANB angle: Class I (n = 29), 1.5° ≤ ANB≤5.1°; Class II (n = 26), ANB >5.1°; Class III (n = 27), ANB <1.5°. The Bjork polygon, MCSA-PR data from cephalograms and PAV data from MRI scans were examined. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with pairwise comparisons conducted using the Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U-test for the Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni-corrected multiple comparison test for one-way ANOVA. Forward multiple linear regression was used to create model equations for predicting PAV. RESULTS MCSA-PR and anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ar) cranial-base lengths were positively correlated with the PAV. We developed four models; three operated at the group level, and one encompassed the entire sample. Notably, all models could effectively explain the variance in the PAV data. The model for the Class I group was the strongest (adjusted R2 = 0.77). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the remarkable potential of the MCSA-PR, N-S and Bjork sum angles (BSA) as predictors of the PAV and the relevance of 2D cephalometric and cranial-base parameters in predicting the three-dimensional (3D) pharyngeal-airway size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvier Habumugisha
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kana Kono
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchida
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Konko
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Chou ST, Lin SH, Chen SC, Chen CM, Tseng YC. Comparison of the transverse cranial base dimension in different craniofacial skeletal relationships: A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:364-376. [PMID: 38303855 PMCID: PMC10829675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose In comparing the cranial base's size, most cephalometric studies focused on the length and angle in the anteroposterior direction. However, investigating the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial base's transverse dimensions is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the transverse dimensions of the cranial base in different craniofacial skeletal patterns and sexes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 210 adults (105 males and 105 females), including three different skeletal relationships, were included in the study. The cranial base dimensions were measured on a three-dimensional image structure rendered by CBCT. Statistical methods included the Kappa statistic for analysis of consistency and reproducibility and the independent t-test for differences in cranial base dimensions between sexes. A general linear model (GLM) was used to compare the transverse size of the cranial base among skeletal Class I, II, and III groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient explored the correlation among the cranial base dimensions. Results The cranial base dimensions did not differ significantly between skeletal Class I, II, and III. The more prominent cranial base size was found in males than females, except for the crista galli length (CGL) and cribriform ethmoid plate width (CEPW). The cranial base dimensions did not differ significantly between different skeletal relationships. Most dimensions have significant correlations in the middle and the posterior cranial base. Conclusion The cranial base's transverse dimensions in Taiwanese adults show no significant differences between craniofacial skeletal relationships. In the middle and posterior cranial base, transverse measurements reveal significant sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Chou
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tseng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ledesma-Peraza O, Sánchez-Tito M. Comparison of the posterior teeth angulations in orthodontic patients with different facial growth patterns. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e629-e634. [PMID: 37674598 PMCID: PMC10478195 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental relationships can be affected according to the pattern of facial growth. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the angulations of posterior teeth in patients with different patterns of facial growth. Material and Methods A total of 412 lateral head radiographs were included. The facial skeletal growth pattern was evaluated with the Björk-Jarabak analysis. For the angular measurements of the posterior teeth, the apex-cusp inclination of the premolars and the long axes of the molars were considered, with respect to the occlusal, palatal and mandibular plane. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the intra-examiner concordance. One way ANOVA was used to compare the values between the patterns of facial growth. A significance level was set at 0.05. Results A high intra-examiner correlation was observed (0.75). Subjects with horizontal and normal growth presented significantly different angulations for the first and second premolars in relation to the palatal plane than the vertical growth (p<0.05). Subjects with horizontal growth pattern showed greater angulation of the teeth with respect to the occlusal plane than the other groups (p<0.05). The angulations of all mandibular teeth related to the mandibular plane were significantly higher for the group with horizontal growth (p<0.05). Conclusions The first and second premolars presented greater angulations in subjects with horizontal and normal growth than in those with vertical growth. The angulations of all mandibular teeth were significantly higher in the horizontal growth according to the mandibular plane. Key words:Facial growth pattern, posterior tooth, occlusal plane, palatal plane, mandibular plane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sánchez-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
- Specialist in Orthodontics and Maxillary Orthopedics; MSc of Scientific Research and Innovation, PhD in Stomatology
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Xu Q, Wang X, Li N, Wang Y, Xu X, Guo J. Craniofacial and upper airway morphological characteristics associated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in Chinese children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1124610. [PMID: 37063671 PMCID: PMC10102523 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1124610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify craniofacial and upper airway morphological characteristics associated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Methods This study consisted of 82 OSA children and 77 controls (age 5-10 years). All subjects underwent cephalograms and were divided into a 5-7 age group and an 8-10 age group. Cephalometric variables were compared between OSA children and controls, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between cephalometric variables and OSA severity [expressed by the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI)] in different age groups. Results Increased A/N ratio, narrowed posterior airway space, decreased SNA and SNB angles, and shortened ramus height were observed among OSA children in different age groups. In the 5-7 age group, the A/N ratio and a lower gonial angle explained 40.0% and 14.7% of the variance in the OAHI, respectively. In the 8-10 age group, the BMI z-score and A/N ratio explained 25.2% and 6.6% of the variance in the OAHI, followed by a lower gonial angle and the hyoid-retrognathion distance (19.1% in total). Conclusions Adenoid hypertrophy was a major factor associated with OSA in preschool children, whereas obesity replaced adenoid hypertrophy as the main contributor to OSA in late childhood. Several craniofacial skeletal variables such as the SNB angle, ramus height, lower gonial angle, and hyoid position are also associated with the presence and/or severity of OSA, which could be used to help recognize children at a higher risk for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital & Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital & Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital & Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
- Correspondence: Jing Guo
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