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Zhang Y, Li X, Lang J, Li W, Huang D, Sun W, Yang L, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang L. Basic-helix-loop-helix family member e41 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and abnormal bone resorption disease via NFATc1. iScience 2024; 27:109059. [PMID: 38375236 PMCID: PMC10875115 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of osteoclasts due to altered osteoclastogenesis causes multiple bone metabolic diseases. However, how osteoclast differentiation is tightly regulated and involved in multiple pathophysiological states remains mystery. In this study, we noticed that the downregulation of BHLHE41 (basic-helix-loop-helix family member e41) was tightly associated with osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis. Functionally, the upregulation or downregulation of BHLHE41 suppressed or promoted osteoclast differentiation, respectively, in vitro. A mechanism study indicated that the direct binding of BHLHE41 to the promoter region of NFATc1 that led to its downregulation. Notably, the inhibition of NFATc1 abrogated the enhanced osteoclast differentiation in BHLHE41-knockdown bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Additionally, upregulation of BHLHE41 impeded bone destruction in OVX mice with osteoporosis. Therefore, our research reveals the mechanism by which BHLHE41 regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption via NFATc1, and targeting BHLHE41 is a potential strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jianlong Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dengke Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Weizong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Ashifa N, Viswanathan K, Srinivasan S, Kumar S, Sundaram R, Pavithran VK. Assessment of sclerostin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis: A clinico-biochemical crosssectional study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2023; 15:3-9. [PMID: 37645545 PMCID: PMC10460775 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Sclerostin, a glycoprotein, plays a key role in regulating bone mass. In this study, sclerostin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed in patients with Stage III Grade C generalized periodontitis (SIII-GC) and Stage III Grade B generalized periodontitis (SIII-GB). Methods This cross-sectional study included 30 participants divided equally into three groups: group I (gingival health), group II (SIII-GC), and group III (SIII-GB). Clinical periodontal parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. A sandwich ELISA was used to determine the sclerostin levels in GCF samples. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze the clinical parameters and GCF sclerostin levels. The association between GCF sclerostin levels and periodontal parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Results Patients in groups II and III had much higher sclerostin levels in their GCF than in group I (P≤0.05). In contrast, no significant difference in sclerostin levels was observed between the two diseased conditions (P=0.841). Concerning periodontal parameters, a statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups. There was a positive correlation between the periodontal clinical parameters and the expression levels of sclerostin in GCF (P≤0.05). Conclusion Increased expression of sclerostin in GCF in patients with periodontitis indicated that it could be considered a reliable biomarker of periodontal disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Ashifa
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Viswanathan
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivapragasam Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekar Sundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varsha K Pavithran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Ohshima H, Mishima K, Amizuka N. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2021. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:1-7. [PMID: 35143953 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Journal of Oral Biosciences is devoted to advancing and disseminating fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences. HIGHLIGHT This review features review articles in the fields of "Extracellular Vesicles," "Propolis," "Odontogenic Tumors," "Periodontitis," "Periodontium," "Flavonoids," "Lactoferrin," "Dental Plaque," "Anatomy," "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells," "Bone Cell Biology," "Dysgeusia," "Dental Caries," and "Dental Pulp Cavity," in addition to the review article by the winners of the "Lion Award" ("Sox9 function in salivary gland development") presented by the Japanese Association for Oral Biology. CONCLUSION These reviews in the Journal of Oral Biosciences have inspired its readers to broaden their knowledge regarding various aspects of oral biosciences. The current editorial review introduces these exciting review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
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4
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Yiğit U, Kırzıoğlu FY, Özmen Ö. Effects of low dose doxycycline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on sclerostin and bone morphogenic protein-2 expressions in experimental periodontitis. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:567-575. [PMID: 35135409 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2036370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and low-dose doxycycline (LDD) on sclerostin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 expression in experimental periodontitis. We used male rats in groups as follows: control group (C), periodontitis + CAPE group (PC), periodontitis + LDD group (PD), periodontitis + LDD + CAPE group (PCD) and periodontitis group (P). We administered 10 µmol/kg/day CAPE by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 10 mg/kg/day LDD by oral gavage. Histopathological changes among groups were evaluated and compared. Sclerostin and BMP-2 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. LDD and/or CAPE treatment ameliorated pathology. The highest sclerostin and lowest BMP-2 expressions were found in P group. Group PC exhibited the highest BMP-2 expression scores and the most significant improvement among the treatment groups. The lowest sclerostin expression was observed in the PD group. We found that preventing sclerostin activity may be a useful treatment alternative for bone resorption, especially in cases of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. We found that CAPE and/or LDD may act as anti-sclerostin agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Yiğit
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontogy, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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5
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Lin P, Niimi H, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Komatsu K, Liu A, Shiba T, Aoki A, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Application of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168900. [PMID: 34445604 PMCID: PMC8396362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
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Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent epidemics affecting human health and life recently, and exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis has been valued by scholars. In recent years, sclerostin, a new factor on bone resorption and reconstruction caused by inflammation and mechanical stimulation, has been a research hotspot. This article summarizes the researches on sclerostin in periodontitis development in recent years. Among them, sclerostin has been shown to be a critical negative regulator of bone formation, thereby inhibiting bone remodeling in periodontitis development, and is closely associated with tooth movement. Besides, evidence indicates that the removal of sclerostin seems to reasonably protect the alveolar bone from resorption. Regulation of sclerostin expression is a novel, promising treatment for periodontitis and addresses several complications seen with traditional therapies; accordingly, many drugs with similar mechanisms have emerged. Moreover, the application prospect of sclerostin in periodontal therapy combined with orthodontic treatment is another promising approach. There are also a lot of drugs that regulate sclerostin. Anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is the most direct one that inhibits bone resorption caused by sclerostin. At present, drugs that inhibit the expression of sclerostin have been applied to the treatment of diseases such as multiple myeloma and osteoporosis. Therefore, the application of sclerostin in the oral field is just around the corner, which provides a new therapeutic bone regulation strategy in oral and general health.
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7
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Zhang Y, Kuang W, Li D, Li Y, Feng Y, Lyu X, Huang GB, Lian JQ, Yang XF, Hu C, Xie Y, Xue S, Tan J. Natural Killer-Like B Cells Secreting Interleukin-18 Induces a Proinflammatory Response in Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641562. [PMID: 33679805 PMCID: PMC7930384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer-like B (NKB) cells, which are newly identified immune subsets, reveal a critical immunoregulatory property in the eradication of microbial infection via the secretion of interleukin (IL)-18. For the first time, this study investigated the role of NKB cells in secreting IL-18 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, NKB cells' percentage and IL-18 concentration in peripheral blood and periodontium in periodontitis patients was measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. The role of IL-18 in regulating periodontal inflammation was examined in a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced periodontitis murine model. Peripheral and periodontal-infiltrating CD3-CD19+NKp46+ NKB cells, which were the main source of IL-18, were elevated and correlated with attachment loss in periodontitis patients. In vitro IL-18 stimulation promoted proinflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament cells. P. gingivalis infection induced elevation of IL-18 receptor in periodontium in a periodontitis murine model. IL-18 neutralization not only suppressed P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone resorption, but also inhibited recruitment of antigen-non-specific inflammatory cells into the periodontium, probably via dampening expressions of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. NKB cells secreting IL-18 appeared to be an important mediator in the inflammatory response following intraoral P. gingivalis infection. These findings might be relevant to the development of immunotherapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Lyu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Bo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145169. [PMID: 32708317 PMCID: PMC7404053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte, the mechanosensory cell type. Osteoclasts derived from the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are the principal cells involved in bone resorption. In osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis, the balance is lost and changes in favor of bone resorption. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. It has been reported that osteocytes express Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), an essential factor for osteoclast formation. RANKL secreted by osteocytes is the most important factor for physiologically supported osteoclast formation in the developing skeleton and in pathological bone resorption such as experimental periodontal bone loss. TNF-α directly enhances RANKL expression in osteocytes and promotes osteoclast formation. Moreover, TNF-α enhances sclerostin expression in osteocytes, which also increases osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that osteocyte-related cytokines act directly to enhance osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In this review, we outline the most recent knowledge concerning bone resorption-related cytokines and discuss the osteocyte as the master regulator of bone resorption and effector in osteoclast formation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions causes bone loss and disrupts vital organ function. Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue, produce a range of cytokines and signaling molecules, and influence bone and other organ function. In this review, we hypothesized that an elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions affects osteocyte survival and function thereby possibly amplifying inflammation, and causing bone loss and non-bone clinical complications. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have reported that the elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions alters osteocyte mechanosensitivity, causes osteocyte apoptosis, and modulates osteocyte-derived production of various inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Cytokines and signaling molecules released from osteocytes affect surrounding bone cells and distant organ function in a paracrine and endocrine fashion. Inflammatory diseases including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis affect osteocyte survival and function, and upregulate osteocyte-derived expression of sclerostin, RANKL, TNFα, FGF23, DKK1, and other signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
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10
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de Vries TJ, Huesa C. The Osteocyte as a Novel Key Player in Understanding Periodontitis Through its Expression of RANKL and Sclerostin: a Review. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:116-121. [PMID: 30924022 PMCID: PMC6491659 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Periodontitis is the inflammation-associated bone loss disease of the alveolar bone that surrounds teeth. Classically, the emphasis on the etiology of periodontitis has been on the products of periodontal pathogens that lead to an inflammatory response of the soft tissues of the periodontium, eventually leading to activation of osteoclasts that degrade the alveolar bone. Until recently, the response of osteocytes that populate the alveolar bone, and that are known for their regulatory role in bone anabolism and catabolism, has not been addressed. RECENT FINDINGS This review demonstrates that osteocytes play a key contributing role in periodontitis progression in various experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models. Osteocytes are the key expressing cells of both osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL as well as osteoblast activity regulator sclerostin. Targeted deletion of RANKL in osteocytes prevents osteoclast formation, thereby impairing periodontitis, despite the pressure of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Antibodies against the osteocyte-derived protein sclerostin inhibit and partially revert periodontitis by stimulating bone formation. Experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models strongly indicate a key role for the bone-encapsulated osteocyte in understanding periodontitis etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carmen Huesa
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen Margaret Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, UK
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11
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Rezaei Esfahrood Z, Yadegari Z, Veysari SK, Kadkhodazadeh M. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin in chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 44:289-292. [PMID: 30637243 PMCID: PMC6327015 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.6.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that causes destruction of periodontal tissues and bone around the teeth. Sclerostin is a protein encoded by the SOST gene. In this study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of sclerostin in patients with chronic periodontitis were compared with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, a total of 40 subjects were enrolled and divided into the healthy group (n=23) and chronic periodontitis group (n=17). GCF samples were collected, and the concentration of sclerostin was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparison of significance between groups was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results Sclerostin concentration was significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis group compared with the healthy group (P<0.005). Conclusion Despite the limitations of this study, sclerostin can be a possible marker for assessment of periodontal health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rezaei Esfahrood
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Miranda TS, Napimoga MH, Feres M, Marins LM, da Cruz DF, da Silva HDP, Duarte PM. Antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes and smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:293-302. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S. Miranda
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Letícia M. Marins
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniele F. da Cruz
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hélio Doyle P. da Silva
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Poliana M. Duarte
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
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Kim JH, Kim AR, Choi YH, Jang S, Woo GH, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist diminishes osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin expression in diabetes rats with periodontitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189702. [PMID: 29240821 PMCID: PMC5730195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes with periodontitis shows elevated TNF-α expression. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TNF-α expression of osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin in type 1 diabetes rats with periodontitis using infliximab (IFX), a TNF-α antagonist. Rats were divided into two timepoint groups: day 3 and day 20. Each timepoint group was then divided into four subgroups: 1) control (C, n = 6 for each time point); 2) periodontitis (P, n = 6 for each time point); 3) diabetes with periodontitis (DP, n = 8 for each time point); and 4) diabetes with periodontitis treated with IFX (DP+IFX, n = 8 for each time point). To induce type 1 diabetes, rats were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer). Periodontitis was then induced by ligature of the mandibular first molars at day 7 after STZ injection (day 0). IFX was administered once for the 3 day group (on day 0) and twice for the 20 day group (on days 7 and 14). The DP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than the P group on day 20 (P = 0.020). On day 3, higher osteoclast formation and RANKL-positive osteocytes in P group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.011, respectively) and DP group (P = 0.006 and P = 0.017, respectively) than those in C group were observed. However, there was no significant difference in osteoclast formation or RANKL-positive osteocytes between P and DP groups. The DP+IFX group exhibited lower alveolar bone loss (P = 0.041), osteoclast formation (P = 0.019), and RANKL-positive osteocytes (P = 0.009) than that of the DP group. On day 20, DP group showed a lower osteoid area (P = 0.001) and more sclerostin-positive osteocytes (P = 0.000) than P group. On days 3 and 20, the DP+IFX group showed more osteoid area (P = 0.048 and 0.040, respectively) but lower sclerostin-positive osteocytes (both P = 0.000) than DP group. Taken together, these results suggest that TNF-α antagonist can diminish osteocytic RANKL/sclerostin expression and osteoclast formation, eventually recovering osteoid formation. Therefore, TNF-α might mediate alveolar bone loss via inducing expression of osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin in type 1 diabetes rats with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hui Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJY); (EJB)
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJY); (EJB)
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14
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Sclerostin Promotes Bone Remodeling in the Process of Tooth Movement. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167312. [PMID: 28081119 PMCID: PMC5230762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth movement is a biological process of bone remodeling induced by mechanical force. Sclerostin secreted by osteocytes is mechanosensory and important in bone remodeling. However, little is known regarding the role of sclerostin in tooth movement. In this study, models of experimental tooth movement were established in rats and mice. Sclerostin expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry staining, and osteoclastic activity was analyzed with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells underwent uniaxial compression and tension stress or were cultured in hypoxia conditions. Expression of sclerostin was assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured with recombinant human sclerostin (rhSCL) interference and then co-cultured with RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cells. Expressions of RANKL and OPG were analyzed by RT-qPCR, and osteoclastic activity was assessed by TRAP staining. During tooth movement, sclerostin was expressed differently in compression and tension sites. In SOST knock-out mice, there were significantly fewer TRAP-positive cells than in WT mice during tooth movement in compression sites. In-vitro studies showed that the expression of sclerostin in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells was not different under a uniaxial compression and tension force, whereas hypoxia conditions significantly increased sclerostin expression in MLO-Y4 cells. rhSCL interference increased the expression of RANKL and the RANKL/OPG ratio in MLO-Y4 cells and the osteoclastic induction ability of MLO-Y4 cells in experimental osteocyte-osteoclast co-culture. These data suggest that sclerostin plays an important role in the bone remodeling of tooth movement.
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Shu R, Ai D, Bai D, Song J, Zhao M, Han X. The effects of SOST on implant osseointegration in ovariectomy osteoporotic mice. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:82-91. [PMID: 27918899 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a risk factor for implant fixation failure. The inhibition of sclerostin effectively improves bone formation and bone remodeling. Therefore, this study investigated whether SOST deficiency enhances the osseointegration of implants in a mouse model of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX). DESIGN Osteoporosis was induced in female C57BL/6 and SOST deficient mice by OVX. Titanium implants were placed in the bilateral distal aspects of the femurs. Implants underwent sandblasting and acid-etching after which the structure, surface roughness and chemical components were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analyses. Undecalcified slices, μ-CT, histology analyses and mechanical tests were used to evaluate the osseointegration of implants. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA between four groups. RESULTS Sandblasting and acid-etching increased the roughness of the implants. OVX surgery reduced bone formation around the implants in both WT and SOST-/- mice. However, implant osseointegration was significantly improved in the SOST-/- OVX mice compared to the WT OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the SOST gene improved implant fixation in the OVX osteoporotic mice, which suggests a strategy for enhancing implant osseointegration in clinical patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Dongqing Ai
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ding Bai
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xianglong Han
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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