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Albu ŞD, Suciu I, Albu CC, Dragomirescu AO, Ionescu E. Impact of Malocclusions on Periodontopathogenic Bacterial Load and Progression of Periodontal Disease: A Quantitative Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1553. [PMID: 39203395 PMCID: PMC11356265 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (1) Periodontal disease (PD) is a globally prevalent chronic inflammatory condition, exacerbated by the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial load of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients with malocclusions (MAL) compared to those without. (2) Methods: Conducted at the "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, this pilot study involved two groups: patients with MAL and PD, and patients with PD but without MAL. We included 20 patients: 10 with MAL (9 with crowding and 1 with an open bite) and 10 without MAL. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected for bacterial DNA extraction and quantified bacterial load using real-time PCR, focusing on 12 periodontopathogenic bacteria across different complexity classes. (3) Results: The study identified significantly higher concentrations of Treponema denticola (p = 0.023, median = 4.32, IQR = 2.76-5.53 vs. median = 1.93, IQR = 0-3.19), Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.020, mean = 6.04 ± 0.72 vs. mean = 4.4 ± 1.89) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.002, median = 5.64, IQR = 4.94-5.98 vs. median = 2.48, IQR = 0-4.05) in patients with MAL compared to those without. This suggests that MAL contributes to an environment conducive to the proliferation of specific pathogens, potentially accelerating PD progression. Additionally, Eikenella corrodens (p = 0.040, mean = 4.55 ± 1.02 vs. mean = 3.23 ± 1.56), Campylobacter rectus (p < 0.001, mean = 4.2 ± 0.56 vs. mean = 1.8 ± 1.51), Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.043, median = 5.04, IQR = 0-5.49 vs. median = 0, IQR = 0-3.39), Capnocytophaga sputigena (p = 0.011, median = 5.91, IQR = 5.47-6.17 vs. median = 4.63, IQR = 3.83-5.64), and Capnocytophaga gingivalis (p = 0.007, median = 5.87, IQR = 5.34-6.03 vs. median = 4.4, IQR = 3.5-5.71) also showed elevated concentrations, indicating the broad impacts of MAL on oral microbial profiles. (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between MAL and increased bacterial loads, underscoring the need for its integration in managing PD. Future research should expand demographic diversity and employ longitudinal designs to better understand the causative mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan-Dimitrie Albu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Suciu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Crenguţa Albu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Oana Dragomirescu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-O.D.); (E.I.)
| | - Ecaterina Ionescu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-O.D.); (E.I.)
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Shimazu K, Ookoshi K, Fukumitsu S, Kagami H, Mitsuhata C, Nomura R, Aida K. Effects of Oleanolic Acid Derived from Wine Pomace on Periodontopathic Bacterial Growth in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:133. [PMID: 38786531 PMCID: PMC11119493 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by oral pathogenic bacteria and is associated with systemic disease and frailty. Therefore, its prevention is crucial in extending healthy life expectancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered oleanolic acid, extracted from wine pomace, on periodontopathic bacterial growth in healthy individuals. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study, 84 healthy adults were assigned to a placebo (n = 29), low-dose (n = 29, 9 mg oleanolic acid), or high-dose (n = 26, 27 mg oleanolic acid) groups. The number of oral bacteria in their saliva, collected before and 5 h after administration, was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-invader technique. The proportion of periodontopathic bacteria among the total oral bacteria in the saliva was calculated. Oleanolic acid significantly decreased the proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis among the total oral bacteria in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.005 (low-dose) and p = 0.003 (high-dose) vs. placebo, Williams' test). Moreover, high-dose oleanolic acid decreased the proportion of Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.064 vs. placebo, Williams' test). Periodontopathic bacteria are closely associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease; thus, the continuous daily intake of oleanolic acid derived from pomace may be helpful in maintaining a healthy oral microbiome by controlling the proportion of periodontopathic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimazu
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | - Kouta Ookoshi
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | | | - Chieko Mitsuhata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
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Lee Y, Hong Y, Kim B, Lee D, Kim S, Rhyu IC. Efficacy of salivary versus subgingival bacterial sampling for the detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:358-367. [PMID: 33350176 PMCID: PMC7758303 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2002420121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and validity of subgingival bacterial sampling using a retraction cord, and to evaluate how well this sampling method reflected changes in periodontal conditions after periodontal therapy. Methods Based on clinical examinations, 87 subjects were divided into a healthy group (n=40) and a periodontitis group (n=47). Clinical measurements were obtained from all subjects including periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the plaque index. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a subgingival bacterial sample were sampled before and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The salivary and subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the following 11 periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythus (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Pavimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Eubacterium nodatum (En). Results Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant decreases in PD (P<0.01), CAL (P<0.01), and BOP (P<0.05) after 3 months. Four species (Pg, Tf, Pi, and Pm) were significantly more abundant in both types of samples in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group. After periodontal therapy, Cr was the only bacterium that showed a statistically significant decrease in saliva, whereas statistically significant decreases in Cr, Pg, and Pn were found in GCF. Conclusions Salivary and subgingival bacterial sampling with a gingival retraction cord were found to be equivalent in terms of their accuracy for differentiating periodontitis, but GCF reflected changes in bacterial abundance after periodontal therapy more sensitively than saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsub Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoojin Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bome Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dajung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
| | - In Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi JU, Lee JB, Kim KH, Kim S, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacterial Profiles of Different Periodontal Disease Severity Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E965. [PMID: 33213109 PMCID: PMC7698795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria are known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively compare bacterial profile of patients with different severity of periodontal disease using samples from mouthwash and the subgingival area. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mouthwash and two subgingival sampling methods: paperpoint and gingival retraction cord; 114 subjects enrolled in the study, and were divided equally into three groups according to disease severity. Mouthwash and subgingival sampling were conducted, and the samples were quantitatively analyzed for 11 target periodontopathic bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial counts and prevalence of several species between the study groups. Mouthwash sampling showed significant correlations with two different subgingival sampling methods in regard to the detection of several bacteria (e.g., ρ = 0.793 for Porphyromonas gingivalis in severe periodontitis), implying that mouthwash sampling can reflect subgingival microbiota. However, the correlation was more prominent as disease severity increased. Although bacteria in mouthwash have potential to become a biomarker, it may be more suitable for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis, rather than early diagnosis. Further research is required for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Uk Choi
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Chhaliyil P, Fischer KF, Schoel B, Chhalliyil P. A Novel, Simple, Frequent Oral Cleaning Method Reduces Damaging Bacteria in the Dental Microbiota. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:511-519. [PMID: 33042895 PMCID: PMC7523940 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dental diseases can be prevented by reducing early bacterial colonization in biofilm, a precursor to mature dental plaque. Most studies on dental disease pathogenesis focus on mature plaque and fail to address the impact of oral cleaning on biofilm formation. Here we used next-generation metagenomics to assess the effects of a new method of regular, simple biofilm disruption on the oral metagenome. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, controlled study of 45 healthy children divided into three groups. Participants avoided oral cleaning for 3 days and then performed 10 days of oral cleaning either by: (1) brushing and tongue cleaning twice a day (BT) with toothpaste; (2) Gum and tooth rubbing with Index Finger Tongue cleaning and water Swishing (GIFTS) after each meal, snack, and drink; or (3) GIFTS twice a day with nano-charcoal and tongue cleaning (CT) (n = 15 per group). Saliva, plaque, and tongue scraping samples were collected on day 0 and 10 for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and next-generation metagenomics sequencing to analyze microbiome taxa differences between groups. RESULTS GIFTS more significantly reduced (P < 0.004) total bacteria in saliva than BT (P < 0.02). Metagenomics revealed a significant reduction in Firmicutes in GIFTS and CT tongue samples compared to BT samples. BT and CT saliva samples showed significantly more Streptococcus species than GIFTS saliva samples. In the plaque samples, GIFTS cleaning significantly reduced early colonizers, including Streptococcus, compared to the BT and CT methods. CONCLUSION Here, we introduce the "frequent disruption of biofilm" concept for enhanced oral hygiene. GIFTS can be used to prevent early bacterial colonization of biofilm and plaque formation in both small children and adults. Frequent biofilm disturbance more effectively disrupts early bacterial colonization than twice oral cleaning, is nonabrasive, and is, therefore, a practical and straightforward complement to regular toothbrushing for improved oral hygiene and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kael F Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
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Chen J, Wang F, Ni Y, Dou X. Simultaneous Analysis for the Multiple Periodontal Pathogens by High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1655029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- College of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-Medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-Medicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Tomás I, Regueira-Iglesias A, López M, Arias-Bujanda N, Novoa L, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás M. Quantification by qPCR of Pathobionts in Chronic Periodontitis: Development of Predictive Models of Disease Severity at Site-Specific Level. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1443. [PMID: 28848499 PMCID: PMC5552702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is little evidence available on the development of predictive models for the diagnosis or prognosis of chronic periodontitis based on the qPCR quantification of subgingival pathobionts. Our objectives were to: (1) analyze and internally validate pathobiont-based models that could be used to distinguish different periodontal conditions at site-specific level within the same patient with chronic periodontitis; (2) develop nomograms derived from predictive models. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from control and periodontal sites (probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss <4 mm and >4 mm, respectively) from 40 patients with moderate-severe generalized chronic periodontitis. The samples were analyzed by qPCR using TaqMan probes and specific primers to determine the concentrations of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Parvimonas micra (Pm), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td). The pathobiont-based models were obtained using multivariate binary logistic regression. The best models were selected according to specified criteria. The discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and numerous classification measures were thus obtained. The nomograms were built based on the best predictive models. Eight bacterial cluster-based models showed an area under the curve (AUC) ≥0.760 and a sensitivity and specificity ≥75.0%. The PiTfFn cluster showed an AUC of 0.773 (sensitivity and specificity = 75.0%). When Pm and AaPm were incorporated in the TdPiTfFn cluster, we detected the two best predictive models with an AUC of 0.788 and 0.789, respectively (sensitivity and specificity = 77.5%). The TdPiTfAa cluster had an AUC of 0.785 (sensitivity and specificity = 75.0%). When Pm was incorporated in this cluster, a new predictive model appeared with better AUC and specificity values (0.787 and 80.0%, respectively). Distinct clusters formed by species with different etiopathogenic role (belonging to different Socransky’s complexes) had a good predictive accuracy for distinguishing a site with periodontal destruction in a periodontal patient. The predictive clusters with the lowest number of bacteria were PiTfFn and TdPiTfAa, while TdPiTfAaFnPm had the highest number. In all the developed nomograms, high concentrations of these clusters were associated with an increased probability of having a periodontal site in a patient with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria López
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
| | - Nora Arias-Bujanda
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes Novoa
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Tomás
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
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Sağlam M, Köseoğlu S, Taşdemir I, Erbak Yılmaz H, Savran L, Sütçü R. Combined application of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers in treatment of chronic periodontitis. A split-mouth, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:853-862. [PMID: 28332191 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planing with hand instruments in non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants were randomly allocated in a split-mouth design to either combined Er:YAG (160 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) and Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ/pulse, 20 Hz) therapy (test group) or scaling and root planing alone (control group). At baseline, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing (%), were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were taken. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative analysis of red complex bacteria was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The clinical parameters had significantly improved for both groups after treatment. There were statistically significant differences in probing depth and clinical attachment level between the test and control groups only for deep pockets (≥7 mm) (P<.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the biochemical and microbiological parameters at any time points (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a combined course of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy may be beneficial particularly in inaccessible areas such as deep pockets on a short-term basis. Further, well-designed studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the combination of these lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - I Taşdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Erbak Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - L Savran
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - R Sütçü
- 9242/1 Street, Apartment No: 5, Karabağlar, Izmir, Turkey
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Coffey J, Choudhry M, Shlossman M, Makin IRS, Singh VK. Multiplex real-time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens. Clin Exp Dent Res 2016; 2:185-192. [PMID: 29744166 PMCID: PMC5839218 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is strongly associated with certain pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect and quantify bacterial species associated with periodontitis. We targeted detection and relative quantification of the following five bacterial species relevant to periodontal diseases: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. The conserved regions of the genome of these species were targeted with oligos and TaqMan probes in real-time PCR assays. The species-specific TaqMan oligos and TaqMan probes showed no cross-amplification, and there was no loss of amplification yield in multiplex real-time PCR assays. All five bacterial targets were amplified analogous to the template concentrations used in these assays. This multiplex real-time PCR strategy could potentially be used to detect the bacterial species in periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal diseases. This assay may also serve as a quick tool for profiling and quantifying bacteria relevant to periodontal diseases and likely be a valuable tool for clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Coffey
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral HealthMissouriUSA
| | | | - Marc Shlossman
- Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University of Health SciencesArizonaUSA
| | - Inder Raj S. Makin
- Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University of Health SciencesArizonaUSA
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Yang NY, Zhang Q, Li JL, Yang SH, Shi Q. Progression of periodontal inflammation in adolescents is associated with increased number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014; 24:226-33. [PMID: 24025042 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the change of related subgingival periodontopathogens among different stage of gingivitis in adolescent and assess the relationship between periodontopathogens and the progression of periodontal inflammation. METHODS A total of 77 subgingival plaque samples from 35 adolescent individuals were divided into three groups including gingivitis group (mild, 15 samples; moderate, 16 samples; severe, 15 samples), chronic periodontitis group (15 samples) and healthy group (15 samples). Real-time PCR was used to quantitate Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in subgingival plaque samples. RESULTS All species, except for F. nucleatum, were detected in samples from gingivitis and periodontitis groups in significantly greater number than in those from healthy group (P < 0.05). In gingivitis groups, the number of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and F. nucleatum in moderate and severe gingivitis groups was significantly higher than in mild gingivitis group (P < 0.05). After merging moderate gingivitis and severe gingivitis groups into moderate-to-severe gingivitis group, the four periodontopathogens were detected in samples from periodontitis group in significantly greater number than in those from moderate-to-severe gingivitis group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The number of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, and F. nucleatum in subgingival plaque increases with progression of periodontal inflammation in adolescents. Examination of periodontopathogens number in adolescents may be of some value for monitoring of periodontal disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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