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Fenofibrate prevents iron induced activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and oxidative stress signaling in the retina. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:12. [PMID: 33145027 PMCID: PMC7599211 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly implicates iron in the pathogenesis of aging and disease. Iron levels have been found to increase with age in both the human and mouse retinas. We and others have shown that retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy are associated with disrupted iron homeostasis, resulting in retinal iron accumulation. In addition, hereditary disorders due to mutation in one of the iron regulatory genes lead to age dependent retinal iron overload and degeneration. However, our knowledge on whether iron toxicity contributes to the retinopathy is limited. Recently, we reported that iron accumulation is associated with the upregulation of retinal and renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Evidences indicate that multiple genes/components of the RAS are targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is observed in several degenerative diseases. In the present study, we explored whether iron accumulation regulates canonical Wnt signaling in the retina. We found that in vitro and in vivo iron treatment resulted in the upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream target genes including renin-angiotensin system in the retina. We confirmed further that iron activates canonical Wnt signaling in the retina using TOPFlash T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor promoter assay and Axin2-LacZ reporter mouse. The presence of an iron chelator or an antioxidant reversed the iron-mediated upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In addition, treatment of RPE cells with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α-agonist fenofibrate prevented iron-induced activation of oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by chelating the iron. The role of fenofibrate, an FDA-approved drug for hyperlipidemia, as an iron chelator has potentially significant therapeutic impact on iron associated degenerative diseases.
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Fortified S-Allyl L-Cysteine: Animal Safety, Effect on Retinal Ischemia, and Role of Wnt in the Underlying Therapeutic Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3025946. [PMID: 33082821 PMCID: PMC7556069 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3025946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Retinal ischemia is a medical condition associated with numerous retinal vascular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. This in vitro cell and in vivo animal study investigated not only the protective effect of S-allyl L-cysteine (SAC, an active component of garlic) against retinal ischemia but also its associated protective mechanisms. Methods Retinal ischemia was mimicked by raising the intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 1 hour in one eye. The effects of pre-/postischemic administration of vehicle vs. SAC 0.18 mg vs. SAC 0.018 mg vs. SAC 0.0018 mg treatments on retina cells were evaluated through cellular viability (MTT assay), flash electroretinograms (ERGs), and fluorogold retrograde labelling (retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counting). Also, protein immunoblot was utilized to assess the role of Wnt, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and vascular endothelium factor (VEGF) in the proposed anti-ischemic mechanism. Lastly, the safety of drug consumption was investigated for changes in the animal's body weight, ERG waves, and blood biochemical parameters (e.g., glucose levels). Results The characteristic ischemic changes including significant reduction in ERG b-wave ratio and RGC number were significantly counteracted by pre- and postischemic low dose of SAC. Additionally, ischemia-induced overexpression of Wnt/HIF-1α/VEGF protein was ameliorated significantly by preischemic low dose of SAC. In terms of the animal safety, no significant body weight and electrophysiological differences were observed among defined different concentrations of SAC without following ischemia. In low SAC dosage and vehicle groups, various blood biochemical parameters were normal; however, high and medium concentrations of SAC significantly lowered the levels of uric acid, Hb, and MCHC. Conclusion This study shows that preischemic administration of low SAC dosage has been proved to be safe and most effective against rat retinal ischemia electrophysiologically and/or histopathologically. Moreover, counteracting the ischemia-induced overexpression of Wnt/HIF-1α/VEGF might presently explain SAC's anti-ischemic mechanism.
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Nebbioso M, Lambiase A, Armentano M, Tucciarone G, Bonfiglio V, Plateroti R, Alisi L. The Complex Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and High-Mobility Group Box: A Review of Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080666. [PMID: 32722545 PMCID: PMC7464385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is part of a larger family of non-histone nuclear proteins. HMGB1 is a ubiquitary protein with different isoforms, linked to numerous physiological and pathological pathways. HMGB1 is involved in cytokine and chemokine release, leukocyte activation and migration, tumorigenesis, neoangiogenesis, and the activation of several inflammatory pathways. HMGB1 is, in fact, responsible for the trigger, among others, of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is rapidly growing in number. DR is an inflammatory disease caused by hyperglycemia, which determines the accumulation of oxidative stress and cell damage, which ultimately leads to hypoxia and neovascularization. Recent evidence has shown that hyperglycemia is responsible for the hyperexpression of HMGB1. This protein activates numerous pathways that cause the development of DR, and HMGB1 levels are constantly increased in diabetic retinas in both proliferative and non-proliferative stages of the disease. Several molecules, such as glycyrrhizin (GA), have proven effective in reducing diabetic damage to the retina through the inhibition of HMGB1. The main focus of this review is the growing amount of evidence linking HMGB1 and DR as well as the new therapeutic strategies involving this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4997-5357; Fax: +39-06-4997-5425
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Giosuè Tucciarone
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 76, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rocco Plateroti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
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Resham K, Khare P, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective effects of isoquercitrin in diabetic neuropathy via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibition. Biofactors 2020; 46:411-420. [PMID: 31960520 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a peripheral nervous system disorder affecting both somatic and autonomic components of nervous system. A growing body of evidence have depicted that high glucose levels can induce activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, however there are no studies targeting this pathway in DN. The intent of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoquercitrin (ISQ), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, in diabetic neuropathy. Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce diabetes in rats. 6-week diabetic rats were treated intrathecally with ISQ at 10 and 30 μM doses for 3 days. Furthermore, to confirm the results of the intrathecal study, a 2-week intraperitoneal treatment of ISQ was given to diabetic rats. After 6 weeks, diabetic rats developed neuropathy which was evident from reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia thresholds and significant deterioration in motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), nerve blood flow (NBF). Sciatic nerves of diabetic neuropathy rats showed increased expression of Wnt pathway proteins namely β-catenin, c-myc and MMP2. Treatment with ISQ, both intrathecally (10 and 30 μM) and intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg), significantly ameliorated the alterations in behavioral pain thresholds and improved functional parameters in diabetic rats. Moreover, ISQ also downregulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins significantly in diabetic rats as compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Results of the present study suggest the neuroprotective potential of ISQ in the treatment of DN via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Resham
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam S Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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He Y, Han Y, Xing J, Zhai X, Wang S, Xin S, Zhang J. Kallistatin correlates with inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm and suppresses its formation in mice. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:107-123. [PMID: 32420091 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Kallistatin (KS), encoded by SERPINA4, was suggested to play a protective role in many cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association of KS with AAA pathogenesis. Methods We examined KS (SERPINA4) expression in human AAA by PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed correlations between kallistain and clinical data. We then analyzed the effect of recombinant KS on AAA formation and the Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway in a mouse AAA model developed by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Results In AAA tissue samples, KS was significantly increased compared with samples from the control group (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Clinically, decreased SERPINA4 expression in AAA tissue samples represented an increased rate of iliac artery aneurysm [odds ratio (OR): 0.017; P=0.040]. And decreased plasma KS level represented a high risk for rupture (OR: 0.837; P=0.034). KS inhibited AAA formation and blocked the Wnt signaling pathway in AngII-infused ApoE-/- mice. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that aberrant changes in KS expression occur in AAA. KS plays an important anti-inflammatory role and showed important clinical correlations in AAA. Decreased KS (SERPINA4) level is a risk factor of AAA rupture. Our pre-clinical animal experiments indicate that treatment with recombination KS suppresses AngII-induced aortic aneurysm formation and might be a new target for the drug therapy of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shiyue Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Hombrebueno JR, Ali IHA, Ma JX, Chen M, Xu H. Antagonising Wnt/β-catenin signalling ameliorates lens-capsulotomy-induced retinal degeneration in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2433-2446. [PMID: 30019207 PMCID: PMC6182657 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cataract surgery in diabetic individuals worsens pre-existing retinopathy and triggers the development of diabetic ocular complications, although the underlying cellular and molecular pathophysiology remains elusive. We hypothesise that lens surgery may exaggerate pre-existing retinal inflammation in diabetes, which may accelerate neurovascular degeneration in diabetic eyes. METHODS Male heterozygous Ins2Akita mice (3 months of age) and C57BL/6 J age-matched siblings received either lens capsulotomy (to mimic human cataract surgery) or corneal incision (sham surgery) in the right eye. At different days post surgery, inflammation in anterior/posterior ocular tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry and proinflammatory gene expression in the retina by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Degenerative changes in the retina were evaluated by electroretinography, in vivo examination of retinal thickness (using spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT]) and morphometric analysis of retinal neurons. The therapeutic benefit of neutralising Wnt/β-catenin signalling following lens capsulotomy was evaluated by intravitreal administration of monoclonal antibody against the co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) (Mab2F1; 5 μg/μl in each eye). RESULTS Lens capsulotomy triggered the early onset of retinal neurodegeneration in Ins2Akita mice, evidenced by abnormal scotopic a- and b-wave responses, reduced retinal thickness and degeneration of outer/inner retinal neurons. Diabetic Ins2Akita mice also had a higher number of infiltrating ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1)/CD68+ cells in the anterior/posterior ocular tissues and increased retinal expression of inflammatory mediators (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 [CCL2] and IL-1β). The expression of β-catenin was significantly increased in the inner nuclear layer, ganglion cells and infiltrating immune cells in Ins2Akita mice receiving capsulotomy. Neutralisation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by Mab2F1 ameliorated ocular inflammation and prevented capsulotomy-induced retinal degeneration in the Ins2Akita mouse model of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway may provide a novel approach for the postoperative management of diabetic individuals needing cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Hombrebueno
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Imran H A Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Wang Z, Ding L, Zhu J, Su Y, Wang L, Liu L, Ma Q, Yao H. Long non-coding RNA MEG3 mediates high glucose-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1088-1100. [PMID: 31938204 PMCID: PMC6958101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) encodes an lncRNA which is suggested to function as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether MEG3 is a potential regulator and molecular biomarker of high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. LncRNA Meg3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and scrambled (Scr) siRNA were transfected for MEG3 dysfunction studies. RNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cell viability was determined through MTT assay. This study demonstrates involvement of lncRNA MEG3 in high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. MEG3 is significantly downregulated in an endothelial cell model of hyperglycemia. In addition, MEG3 knockdown could exacerbate inflammatory damage in endothelial cells. Interestingly, MEG3 knockdown in HUVECs significantly induced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax, caspase-3, and P53. It should be noted that MEG3 knockdown could activate the TGF-β signaling pathway via upregulating TGF-β1, SMAD2, and SMAD7 and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via upregulating β-catenin and Cyclin D1 and downregulating TCF7L2. Our results indicate that MEG3 can be regarded as a novel therapeutic target and molecular biomarker for high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yinxia Su
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityChangji, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Madonna R, Balistreri CR, Geng YJ, De Caterina R. Diabetic microangiopathy: Pathogenetic insights and novel therapeutic approaches. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 90:1-7. [PMID: 28137665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic microangiopathy, including retinopathy, is characterized by abnormal growth and leakage of small blood vessels, resulting in local edema and functional impairment of the depending tissues. Mechanisms leading to the impairment of microcirculation in diabetes are multiple and still largely unclear. However, a dysregulated vascular regeneration appears to play a key role. In addition, oxidative and hyperosmolar stress, as well as the activation of inflammatory pathways triggered by advanced glycation end-products and toll-like receptors, have been recognized as key underlying events. Here, we review recent knowledge on cellular and molecular pathways of microvascular disease in diabetes. We also highlight how new insights into pathogenic mechanisms of vascular damage in diabetes may indicate new targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Excellence on Aging (CesiMet), Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; The Texas Heart Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- The Texas Heart Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Center of Excellence on Aging (CesiMet), Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Hossain A, Tauhid L, Davenport I, Huckaba T, Graves R, Mandal T, Muniruzzaman S, Ahmed SA, Bhattacharjee PS. LRP-1 Pathway Targeted Inhibition of Vascular Abnormalities in the Retina of Diabetic Mice. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:640-647. [PMID: 27442082 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1203441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell surface LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is important for lipid transport and several cell signaling processes. Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a ligand of LRP-1. We previously reported that a short peptide (apoEdp) mimicking the LRP-1 binding region of apoE prevents hyperglycemia-induced retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro. The in-vivo outcome of apoE-based peptidomimetic inhibition of LRP-1 in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy is unknown. METHODS Six months after streptozotocin induction of diabetes, male C57Bl/6 mice were intravitreally inoculated with apoEdp in a controlled release formulation. On the 15th day post-apoEdp treatment, mouse retinas were harvested to examine (1) blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) permeability by Evans blue dye, inflammatory leukostasis by concanavalin staining of leukocytes and LRP-1 pathway-related protein expression by Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Intravitreal apoEdp treatment of diabetic mice significantly reduced Evans blue extravasation and the number of adherent leukocytes in the diabetic mouse retinas. ApoEdp treatment inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading proteases heparanase and MMP-2, and restores the BRB tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. ApoEdp treatment also inhibited Wnt/β-catenin-related expression of pro-inflammatory molecules ICAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF through negative regulation by LRP-1. CONCLUSION Intravitreal apoEdp treatment of diabetic mice resulted a significant decrease in retinal vascular abnormalities through downregulation of LRP-1-related ECM protein degradation and Wnt/β-catenin-related pro-angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed Hossain
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Lamiya Tauhid
- b School of Science and Engineering , Tulane University , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Ian Davenport
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Thomas Huckaba
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Richard Graves
- c Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Tarun Mandal
- c Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Syed Muniruzzaman
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Syed A Ahmed
- d Division of Business , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
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Xi XH, Wang Y, Li J, Wang FW, Tian GH, Yin MS, Mu YL, Chong ZZ. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 24:179-86. [PMID: 25586361 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Wnt/β-catenin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling has been implicated in myocardial injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major part of diabetic cardiovascular complications, we therefore investigated the alterations of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling during the development of DCM. METHODS The rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM) was established using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). The alterations of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling were determined 4, 8, and 12 weeks following DM using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cardiac pathology changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichromatic, and terminal dUTP nick-end labeling staining. RESULTS Histological analyses revealed that DM induced significant myocardial injury and progressive cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The protein and mRNA levels of Wnt2, β-catenin, and c-Myc were progressively increased 4, 8, and 12 weeks following DM. The expression of T-cell factor 4 and phosphorylated of GSK3β on Ser9 were progressively increased. However, the expression of the endogenous Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 was increased after STZ injection and then decreased as DCM developed. CONCLUSION Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling pathway is activated in the development of DCM. Further investigation into the role of Wnt signaling during DCM will functionally find novel therapeutic target for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Fu-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Gui-Hong Tian
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Mao-Shan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Yan-Ling Mu
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Zhao-Zhong Chong
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
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