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Juvinao-Quintero DL, Sharp GC, Sanderson ECM, Relton CL, Elliott HR. Investigating causality in the association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1247-1259. [PMID: 37202507 PMCID: PMC10244277 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Several studies have identified associations between type 2 diabetes and DNA methylation (DNAm). However, the causal role of these associations remains unclear. This study aimed to provide evidence for a causal relationship between DNAm and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (2SMR) to evaluate causality at 58 CpG sites previously detected in a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (meta-EWAS) of prevalent type 2 diabetes in European populations. We retrieved genetic proxies for type 2 diabetes and DNAm from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. We also used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK) when associations of interest were not available in the larger datasets. We identified 62 independent SNPs as proxies for type 2 diabetes, and 39 methylation quantitative trait loci as proxies for 30 of the 58 type 2 diabetes-related CpGs. We applied the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing and inferred causality based on p<0.001 for the type 2 diabetes to DNAm direction and p<0.002 for the opposing DNAm to type 2 diabetes direction in the 2SMR analysis. RESULTS We found strong evidence of a causal effect of DNAm at cg25536676 (DHCR24) on type 2 diabetes. An increase in transformed residuals of DNAm at this site was associated with a 43% (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15, 1.78, p=0.001) higher risk of type 2 diabetes. We inferred a likely causal direction for the remaining CpG sites assessed. In silico analyses showed that the CpGs analysed were enriched for expression quantitative trait methylation sites (eQTMs) and for specific traits, dependent on the direction of causality predicted by the 2SMR analysis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We identified one CpG mapping to a gene related to the metabolism of lipids (DHCR24) as a novel causal biomarker for risk of type 2 diabetes. CpGs within the same gene region have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes-related traits in observational studies (BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, insulin) and in Mendelian randomisation analyses (LDL-cholesterol). Thus, we hypothesise that our candidate CpG in DHCR24 may be a causal mediator of the association between known modifiable risk factors and type 2 diabetes. Formal causal mediation analysis should be implemented to further validate this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Juvinao-Quintero
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor C M Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Martínez-Ramírez OC, Salazar-Piña A, Cerón-Ramírez X, Rubio-Lightbourn J, Torres-Romero F, Casas-Avila L, Castro-Hernández C. Effect of Inulin Intervention on Metabolic Control and Methylation of INS and IRS1 Genes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235195. [PMID: 36501225 PMCID: PMC9737482 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Currently, treatments are being sought to improve the control of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and inulin has been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels and other metabolic control parameters. These effects on metabolic control may be associated with changes in the epigenetic modulation of genes of the insulin pathway. Therefore, our objective is to determine the effect of agave inulin in metabolic control parameters and in INS and IRS1 genes' methylation in T2DM patients. METHODS This was a longitudinal experimental study with 67 Mexican participants who received an intervention of inulin agave (10 g daily) for 2 months. The methylation of the INS and IRS1 genes was determined by MSP. RESULTS For the INS gene, we found a significant decrease in the proportions of T2DM patients with methylated DNA after inulin intervention (p = 0.0001). In contrast, the difference in the proportions of the unmethylated IRS1 gene before and after the inulin intervention was not significant (p = 0.79). On the other hand, we observed changes in the number of T2DM patients' recommended categories for metabolic control depending on the methylation of INS and IRS1 genes before and after treatment with inulin. CONCLUSION For the first time, we report the modification in the methylation of two genes, INS and IRS1, of the insulin pathway and provide information on the possible relevant role of epigenetics as a key factor in positive changes in metabolic control parameters by inulin intake in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollin Celeste Martínez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Azucena Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ximena Cerón-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julieta Rubio-Lightbourn
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Torres-Romero
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P. 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leonora Casas-Avila
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14389, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 14080, Mexico
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Hong X, Wu Z, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Huang T, Sun D, Liao C, Pang Y, Pang Z, Cong L, Wang H, Wu X, Liu Y, Gao W, Li L. Longitudinal Association of DNA Methylation With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A 5-Year Cross-Lagged Twin Study. Diabetes 2022; 71:2804-2817. [PMID: 36170668 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigators of previous cross-sectional epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in adults have reported hundreds of 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycemic traits. However, the results from EWAS have been inconsistent, and longitudinal observations of these associations are scarce. Furthermore, few studies have investigated whether DNA methylation (DNAm) could be modified by smoking, drinking, and glycemic traits, which have broad impacts on genome-wide DNAm and result in altering the risk of T2DM. Twin studies provide a valuable tool for epigenetic studies, as twins are naturally matched for genetic information. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase for EWAS, and 214, 33, and 117 candidate CpG sites were selected for T2DM, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Based on 1,070 twins from the Chinese National Twin Registry, 67, 17, and 16 CpG sites from previous studies were validated for T2DM, HbA1c, and FBG. Longitudinal review and blood sampling for phenotypic information and DNAm were conducted twice in 2013 and 2018 for 308 twins. A cross-lagged analysis was performed to examine the temporal relationship between DNAm and T2DM or glycemic traits in the longitudinal data. A total of 11 significant paths from T2DM to subsequent DNAm and 15 paths from DNAm to subsequent T2DM were detected, suggesting both directions of associations. For glycemic traits, we detected 17 cross-lagged associations from baseline glycemic traits to subsequent DNAm, and none were from the other cross-lagged direction, indicating that CpG sites may be the consequences, not the causes, of glycemic traits. Finally, a longitudinal mediation analysis was performed to explore the mediation effects of DNAm on the associations of smoking, drinking, and glycemic traits with T2DM. No significant mediations of DNAm in the associations linking smoking and drinking with T2DM were found. In contrast, our study suggested a potential role of DNAm of cg19693031, cg00574958, and cg04816311 in mediating the effect of altered glycemic traits on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Liming Cong
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Muscogiuri G, Zanata I, Barrea L, Cozzolino A, Filice E, Messina E, Colao A, Faggiano A. A practical nutritional guideline to manage neuroendocrine neoplasms through chronotype and sleep. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7546-7563. [PMID: 35285728 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2047882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype is the attitude of subjects to carry out their daily activities mainly in the morning ("lark") or in the evening ("owl"). The intermediate chronotype is located between these two categories. It has been demonstrated that chronotype can influence the incidence, course and response to treatments of tumors. In particular patients diagnosed with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) and evening chronotype are characterized by unhealthy lifestyle, obesity, metabolic syndrome, a worsen cardiometabolic profile, a poor prognosis with a progressive disease and the development of metastasis. In addition, evening chronotype has been associated with sleep disturbances, which in turn have been related to tumor development and progression of tumors. There is a strict connection between sleep disturbances and NENs because of the hyperactivation of proangiogenic factors that caused aberrant neoangiogenesis. A nutritional tailored approach could represent a tool to align subjects with evening chronotype to physiological biological rhythms based on the properties of some macro and micronutrients of being substrate for melatonin synthesis. Thus, we aimed to provide an overview on the association of chronotype categories and sleep disturbances with NENs and to provide nutritional advices to manage subjects with NENs and these disturbances of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile,", Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanata
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Filice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile,", Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Do WL, Gohar J, McCullough LE, Galaviz KI, Conneely KN, Narayan KMV. Examining the association between adiposity and DNA methylation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13319. [PMID: 34278703 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with widespread differential DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns, though there have been limited overlap in the obesity-associated cytosine-guanine nucleotide pair (CpG) sites that have been identified in the literature. We systematically searched four databases for studies published until January 2020. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, longitudinal, or intervention studies examining adiposity and genome-wide DNAm in non-pregnant adults aged 18-75 in all tissue types. Study design and results were extracted in the descriptive review. Blood-based DNAm results in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were meta-analyzed using weighted sum of Z-score meta-analysis. Of the 10,548 studies identified, 46 studies were included in the systematic review with 18 and nine studies included in the meta-analysis of BMI and WC, respectively. In the blood, 77 and four CpG sites were significant in three or more studies of BMI and WC, respectively. Using a genome-wide threshold for significance, 52 blood-based CpG sites were significantly associated with BMI. These sites have previously been associated with many obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Crohn's disease, and depression. Our study shows that DNAm at 52 CpG sites represent potential mediators of obesity-associated chronic diseases and may be novel intervention or therapeutic targets to protect against obesity-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Do
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jazib Gohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karla I Galaviz
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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Tseng CC, Wong MC, Liao WT, Chen CJ, Lee SC, Yen JH, Chang SJ. Genetic Variants in Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Humans: Triggered by Natural Selection and Triggers of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084187. [PMID: 33919522 PMCID: PMC8073710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) constitute an important part of the human genome. Current evidence demonstrates close links between nucleotides within TFBSs and gene expression. There are multiple pathways through which genomic sequences located in TFBSs regulate gene expression, and recent genome-wide association studies have shown the biological significance of TFBS variation in human phenotypes. However, numerous challenges remain in the study of TFBS polymorphisms. This article aims to cover the current state of understanding as regards the genomic features of TFBSs and TFBS variants; the mechanisms through which TFBS variants regulate gene expression; the approaches to studying the effects of nucleotide changes that create or disrupt TFBSs; the challenges faced in studies of TFBS sequence variations; the effects of natural selection on collections of TFBSs; in addition to the insights gained from the study of TFBS alleles related to gout, its associated comorbidities (increased body mass index, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia, osteoporosis, and prostate cancer), and the treatment responses of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (J.-H.Y.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chun Wong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-5916679 (S.-J.C.); Fax:+886-7-3125339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-5919264 (S.-J.C.)
| | - Chung-Jen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Chen Lee
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (J.-H.Y.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-5916679 (S.-J.C.); Fax:+886-7-3125339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-5919264 (S.-J.C.)
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Andrade S, Morais T, Sandovici I, Seabra AL, Constância M, Monteiro MP. Adipose Tissue Epigenetic Profile in Obesity-Related Dysglycemia - A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681649. [PMID: 34290669 PMCID: PMC8288106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for dysglycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is wide phenotypic variation in metabolic profiles. Tissue-specific epigenetic modifications could be partially accountable for the observed phenotypic variability. SCOPE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue (AT) that characterize overweight or obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and dysglycemia states and to identify potential underlying mechanisms through the use of unbiased bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Original data published in the last decade concerning the comparison of epigenetic marks in human AT of individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHO) versus normal weight individuals or individuals with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was assessed. Furthermore, association of these epigenetic marks with IR/dysglycemic traits, including T2D, was compiled. RESULTS We catalogued more than two thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs; above the cut-off of 5%) in the AT of individuals with MUHO compared to individuals with MHO. These DNA methylation changes were less likely to occur around the promoter regions and were enriched at loci implicated in intracellular signaling (signal transduction mediated by small GTPases, ERK1/2 signaling and intracellular trafficking). We also identified a network of seven transcription factors that may play an important role in targeting DNA methylation changes to specific genes in the AT of subjects with MUHO, contributing to the pathogeny of obesity-related IR/T2D. Furthermore, we found differentially methylated CpG sites at 8 genes that were present in AT and whole blood, suggesting that DMRs in whole blood could be potentially used as accessible biomarkers of MUHO. CONCLUSIONS The overall evidence linking epigenetic alterations in key tissues such AT to metabolic complications in human obesity is still very limited, highlighting the need for further studies, particularly those focusing on epigenetic marks other than DNA methylation. Our initial analysis suggests that DNA methylation patterns can potentially discriminate between MUHO from MHO and provide new clues into why some people with obesity are less susceptible to dysglycemia. Identifying AT-specific epigenetic targets could also lead to novel approaches to modify the progression of individuals with obesity towards metabolic disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andrade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre L. Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Constância
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Mariana P. Monteiro,
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Cronjé HT, Elliott HR, Nienaber-Rousseau C, Pieters M. Leveraging the urban-rural divide for epigenetic research. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1071-1081. [PMID: 32657149 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization coincides with a complex change in environmental exposure and a rapid increase in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Epigenetics, including DNA methylation (DNAm), is thought to mediate part of the association between genetic/environmental exposure and NCDs. The urban-rural divide provides a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of the combined presence of multiple forms of environmental exposure on DNAm and the related increase in disease risk. This review evaluates the ability of three epidemiological study designs (migration, income-comparative and urban-rural designs) to investigate the role of DNAm in the association between urbanization and the rise in NCD prevalence. We also discuss the ability of each study design to address the gaps in the current literature, including the complex methylation-mediated risk attributable to the cluster of forms of exposure characterizing urban and rural living, while providing a platform for developing countries to leverage their demographic discrepancies in future research ventures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléne T Cronjé
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
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10
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Hu Z, Jiao R, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhao J, De Jager P, Bennett DA, Jin L, Xiong M. Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer's dementia and Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4107. [PMID: 32139775 PMCID: PMC7058072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease and type 2 diabetes MELLITUS (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, an increasing number of genetic epidemiological studies show clear link between AD and T2DM. The current approach to uncovering the shared pathways between AD and T2DM involves association analysis; however such analyses lack power to discover the mechanisms of the diseases. As an alternative, we developed novel causal inference methods for genetic studies of AD and T2DM and pipelines for systematic multi-omic casual analysis to infer multilevel omics causal networks for the discovery of common paths from genetic variants to AD and T2DM. The proposed pipelines were applied to 448 individuals from the ROSMAP Project. We identified 13 shared causal genes, 16 shared causal pathways between AD and T2DM, and 754 gene expression and 101 gene methylation nodes that were connected to both AD and T2DM in multi-omics causal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Phil De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10033, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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11
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Juvinao-Quintero DL, Hivert MF, Sharp GC, Relton CL, Elliott HR. DNA Methylation and Type 2 Diabetes: the Use of Mendelian Randomization to Assess Causality. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:191-207. [PMID: 32274260 PMCID: PMC7145450 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-00176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarises recent advances in the field of epigenetics in order to understand the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent Findings DNA methylation at a number of loci has been shown to be robustly associated with T2D, including TXNIP, ABCG1, CPT1A, and SREBF1. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of many epidemiological studies and predominant analysis in samples derived from blood rather than disease relevant tissues, inferring causality is difficult. We therefore outline the use of Mendelian randomisation (MR) as one method able to assess causality in epigenetic studies of T2D. Summary Epidemiological studies have been fruitful in identifying epigenetic markers of T2D. Triangulation of evidence including utilisation of MR is essential to delineate causal from non-causal biomarkers of disease. Understanding the causality of epigenetic markers in T2D more fully will aid prioritisation of CpG sites as early biomarkers to detect disease or in drug development to target epigenetic mechanisms in order to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Juvinao-Quintero
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, USA
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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12
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Maldonado MBC, de Rezende Neto NB, Nagamatsu ST, Carazzolle MF, Hoff JL, Whitacre LK, Schnabel RD, Behura SK, McKay SD, Taylor JF, Lopes FL. Identification of bovine CpG SNPs as potential targets for epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222329. [PMID: 31513639 PMCID: PMC6742455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation patterns established and maintained at CpG sites may be altered by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these sites and may affect the regulation of nearby genes. Our aims were to: 1) identify and generate a database of SNPs potentially subject to epigenetic control by DNA methylation via their involvement in creating, removing or displacing CpG sites (meSNPs), and; 2) investigate the association of these meSNPs with CpG islands (CGIs), and with methylation profiles of DNA extracted from tissues from cattle with divergent feed efficiencies detected using MIRA-Seq. Using the variant annotation for 56,969,697 SNPs identified in Run5 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project and the UMD3.1.1 bovine reference genome sequence assembly, we identified and classified 12,836,763 meSNPs according to the nature of variation created at CpGs. The majority of the meSNPs were located in intergenic regions (68%) or introns (26.3%). We found an enrichment (p<0.01) of meSNPs located in CGIs relative to the genome as a whole, and also in differentially methylated sequences in tissues from animals divergent for feed efficiency. Seven meSNPs, located in differentially methylated regions, were fixed for methylation site creating (MSC) or destroying (MSD) alleles in the differentially methylated genomic sequences of animals differing in feed efficiency. These meSNPs may be mechanistically responsible for creating or deleting methylation targets responsible for the differential expression of genes underlying differences in feed efficiency. Our methyl SNP database (dbmeSNP) is useful for identifying potentially functional "epigenetic polymorphisms" underlying variation in bovine phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila T Nagamatsu
- Genomics and Expression Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Carazzolle
- Genomics and Expression Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Center for High Performance Computing (CENAPAD-SP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesse L Hoff
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lynsey K Whitacre
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephanie D McKay
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Flavia L Lopes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Epigenetic Profiles Reveal That ADCYAP1 Serves as Key Molecule in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6936175. [PMID: 31485258 PMCID: PMC6710731 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6936175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to the condition which shows abnormal glucose metabolism that occurs during pregnancy, while normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy. In the present study, a novel analytical procedure was used to explore the key molecule of gestational diabetes mellitus. First, the weighted pathway model was carried out subsequently to eliminate the gene-overlapping effects among pathways. Second, we assessed the enriched pathways by a combination of Fisher's t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. We carried out the functional principal component analysis by estimating F values of genes to identify the hub genes in the enriched pathways. Results showed that a total of 4 differential pathways were enriched. The key pathway was considered as the insulin secretion pathway. F values of each gene in the key pathway were calculated. Three hub molecules were identified as hub differentially methylated genes, namely, CAMK2B, ADCYAP1, and KCNN2. In addition, by further comparing the gene expression data in a validation cohort, one key molecule was obtained, ADCYAP1. Therefore, ADCYAP1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of GDM.
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major public health issues worldwide, and put a significant burden on the healthcare system. Genetic variants, along with traditional risk factors such as diet and physical activity, could account for up to approximately a quarter of disease risk. Epigenetic factors have demonstrated potential in accounting for additional phenotypic variation, along with providing insights into the causal relationship linking genetic variants to phenotypes. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review article, we discuss the epidemiological and functional insights into epigenetic disturbances in obesity and diabetes, along with future research directions and approaches, with a focus on DNA methylation. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to contribute to obesity and T2D disease development, as well as potential differences in disease risks between ethnic populations. Technology to investigate epigenetic profiles in diseased individuals and tissues has advanced significantly in the last years, and suggests potential in application of epigenetic factors in clinical monitoring and as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 308232, Singapore; Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR) 138648, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Li Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 308232, Singapore
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 308232, Singapore
| | - John Campbell Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall UB1 3HW, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.
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15
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Somineni HK, Venkateswaran S, Kilaru V, Marigorta UM, Mo A, Okou DT, Kellermayer R, Mondal K, Cobb D, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Noe JD, Crandall WV, Rosh JR, Mack DR, Heyman MB, Baker SS, Stephens MC, Baldassano RN, Markowitz JF, Dubinsky MC, Cho J, Hyams JS, Denson LA, Gibson G, Cutler DJ, Conneely KN, Smith AK, Kugathasan S. Blood-Derived DNA Methylation Signatures of Crohn's Disease and Severity of Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:2254-2265.e3. [PMID: 30779925 PMCID: PMC6529254 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder with a variable clinical course. Although most patients present with an inflammatory phenotype (B1), approximately 20% of patients rapidly progress to complicated disease, which includes stricturing (B2), within 5 years. We analyzed DNA methylation patterns in blood samples of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease at diagnosis and later time points to identify changes that associate with and might contribute to disease development and progression. METHODS We obtained blood samples from 164 pediatric patients (1-17 years old) with Crohn's disease (B1 or B2) who participated in a North American study and were followed for 5 years. Participants without intestinal inflammation or symptoms served as controls (n = 74). DNA methylation patterns were analyzed in samples collected at time of diagnosis and 1-3 years later at approximately 850,000 sites. We used genetic association and the concept of Mendelian randomization to identify changes in DNA methylation patterns that might contribute to the development of or result from Crohn's disease. RESULTS We identified 1189 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-3' (CpG) sites that were differentially methylated between patients with Crohn's disease (at diagnosis) and controls. Methylation changes at these sites correlated with plasma levels of C-reactive protein. A comparison of methylation profiles of DNA collected at diagnosis of Crohn's disease vs during the follow-up period showed that, during treatment, alterations identified in methylation profiles at the time of diagnosis of Crohn's disease more closely resembled patterns observed in controls, irrespective of disease progression to B2. We identified methylation changes at 3 CpG sites that might contribute to the development of Crohn's disease. Most CpG methylation changes associated with Crohn's disease disappeared with treatment of inflammation and might be a result of Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Methylation patterns observed in blood samples from patients with Crohn's disease accompany acute inflammation; with treatment, these change to resemble methylation patterns observed in patients without intestinal inflammation. These findings indicate that Crohn's disease-associated patterns of DNA methylation observed in blood samples are a result of the inflammatory features of the disease and are less likely to contribute to disease development or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Somineni
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Urko M Marigorta
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angela Mo
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David T Okou
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kajari Mondal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dawayland Cobb
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas D Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Wallace V Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joel R Rosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - David R Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan S Baker
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael C Stephens
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Judy Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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16
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Shah UJ, Xie W, Flyvbjerg A, Nolan JJ, Højlund K, Walker M, Relton CL, Elliott HR. Differential methylation of the type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus KCNQ1 is associated with insulin sensitivity and is predicted by CpG site specific genetic variation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:189-199. [PMID: 30641161 PMCID: PMC6395844 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression and may influence the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through the loss of insulin sensitivity. The aims of this study were to measure variation in DNA methylation at the type 2 diabetes locus KCNQ1 and assess its relationship with metabolic measures and with genotype. METHODS DNA methylation from whole blood DNA was quantified using pyrosequencing at 5 CpG sites at the KCNQ1 locus in 510 individuals without diabetes from the 'Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease' (RISC) cohort. Genotype data was analysed at the same locus in 1119 individuals in the same cohort. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. RESULTS DNA methylation at the KCNQ1 locus was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin. This association was driven by a methylation-altering Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (rs231840) which ablated a methylation site and reduced methylation levels. A second SNP (rs231357), in weak Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) with rs231840, was also associated with insulin sensitivity and DNA methylation. These SNPs have not been previously reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes risk or insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Evidence indicates that genetic and epigenetic determinants at the KCNQ1 locus influence insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushma J Shah
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; MedGenome Labs Ltd., Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Weijia Xie
- Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John J Nolan
- European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 40591 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
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17
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Abstract
Chronic, noncommunicable, and inflammation-associated diseases remain the largest cause of morbidity and mortality globally and within the United States. This is mainly due to our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these complex pathologies. The available evidence indicates that studies of epigenetics (traditionally defined as the heritable changes to gene expression that are independent of changes to DNA) are significantly advancing our knowledge of these inflammatory conditions. This review will focus on epigenetic studies of three diseases, that are among the most burdensome globally: cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of deaths worldwide, type 2 diabetes and, Alzheimer’s disease. The current status of epigenetic research, including the ability to predict disease risk, and key pathophysiological defects are discussed. The significance of defining the contribution of epigenetic defects to nonresolving inflammation and aging, each associated with these diseases, is highlighted, as these are likely to provide new insights into inflammatory disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stylianou
- Consultant Biomedical Scientist and Bioinformaticist, North Royalton, OH, USA,
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18
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Ye J, Richardson TG, McArdle WL, Relton CL, Gillespie KM, Suderman M, Hemani G. Identification of loci where DNA methylation potentially mediates genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2018; 93:66-75. [PMID: 30146008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) comprises both genetic and environmental components. We investigated whether genetic susceptibility to T1D could be mediated by changes in DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that potentially plays a role in autoimmune diabetes. From enrichment analysis, we found that there was a common genetic influence for both DNA methylation and T1D across the genome, implying that methylation could be either on the causal pathway to T1D or a non-causal biomarker of T1D genetic risk. Using data from a general population comprising blood samples taken at birth (n = 844), childhood (n = 846) and adolescence (n = 907), we then evaluated the associations between 64 top GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA methylation levels at 55 non-HLA loci. We identified 95 proximal SNP-cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) pairs (cis) and 1 distal SNP-CpG association (trans) consistently at birth, childhood, and adolescence. Combining genetic co-localization and Mendelian Randomization analysis, we provided evidence that at 5 loci, ITGB3BP, AFF3, PTPN2, CTSH and CTLA4, DNA methylation is potentially mediating the genetic risk of T1D mainly by influencing local gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Ye
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School (Translational Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Level 2 Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kathleen M Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School (Translational Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Level 2 Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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19
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Salunkhe VA, Veluthakal R, Kahn SE, Thurmond DC. Novel approaches to restore beta cell function in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1895-1901. [PMID: 29947922 PMCID: PMC6070408 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that diabetes prevalence has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, with type 2 diabetes accounting for more than 90% of these cases. Furthermore, the prevalence of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) is more than 40% in some countries and is associated with a global rise in obesity. Therefore it is imperative that we develop new approaches to reduce the development of prediabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes. In this review, we explore the gains made over the past decade by focused efforts to improve insulin secretion by the beta cell or insulin sensitivity of target tissues. We also describe multitasking candidates, which could improve both beta cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Moreover, we highlight provocative findings indicating that additional glucose regulatory tissues, such as the brain, may be key therapeutic targets. Taken together, the promise of these new multi-faceted approaches reinforces the importance of understanding and tackling type 2 diabetes pathogenesis from a multi-tissue perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal A Salunkhe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Causality has been demonstrated for few of the many putative risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) emerging from observational epidemiology. Genetic approaches are increasingly being used to infer causality, and in this review, we discuss how genetic discoveries have shaped our understanding of the causal role of factors associated with T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic discoveries have led to the identification of novel potential aetiological factors of T2D, including the protective role of peripheral fat storage capacity and specific metabolic pathways, such as the branched-chain amino acid breakdown. Consideration of specific genetic mechanisms contributing to overall lipid levels has suggested that distinct physiological processes influencing lipid levels may influence diabetes risk differentially. Genetic approaches have also been used to investigate the role of T2D and related metabolic traits as causal risk factors for other disease outcomes, such as cancer, but comprehensive studies are lacking. Genome-wide association studies of T2D and metabolic traits coupled with high-throughput molecular phenotyping and in-depth characterisation and follow-up of individual loci have provided better understanding of aetiological factors contributing to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. L. Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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21
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Yang IV, Zhang W, Davidson EJ, Fingerlin TE, Kechris K, Dabelea D. Epigenetic marks of in utero exposure to gestational diabetes and childhood adiposity outcomes: the EPOCH study. Diabet Med 2018; 35:612-620. [PMID: 29461653 PMCID: PMC5991099 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify gestational diabetes mellitus exposure-associated DNA methylation changes and assess whether such changes are also associated with adiposity-related outcomes. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide association analysis, using Illumina 450k methylation arrays, on whole blood collected, on average, at 10.5 years of age from 81 gestational diabetes-exposed and 81 unexposed offspring enrolled in the EPOCH (Exploring Perinatal Outcomes in Children) study, and on the cord blood of 31 gestational diabetes-exposed and 64 unexposed offspring enrolled in the Colorado Healthy Start cohort. Validation was performed by pyrosequencing. RESULTS We identified 98 differentially methylated positions associated with gestational diabetes exposure at a false discovery rate of <10% in peripheral blood, with 51 loci remaining significant (plus additional 40 loci) after adjustment for cell proportions. We also identified 2195 differentially methylation regions at a false discovery rate of <5% after adjustment for cell proportions. We prioritized loci for pyrosequencing validation and association analysis with adiposity-related outcomes based on strengths of association and effect size, network and pathway analysis, analysis of cord blood, and previous publications. Methylation in six out of nine (67%) gestational diabetes-associated genes was validated and we also showed that methylation of SH3PXD2A was significantly (P<0.05) associated with multiple adiposity-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that epigenetic marks may provide an important link between in utero exposure to gestational diabetes and obesity in childhood, and add to the growing body of evidence that DNA methylation is affected by gestational diabetes exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E J Davidson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - T E Fingerlin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Kechris
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
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22
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Titus AJ, Gallimore RM, Salas LA, Christensen BC. Cell-type deconvolution from DNA methylation: a review of recent applications. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R216-R224. [PMID: 28977446 PMCID: PMC5886462 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cell-type deconvolution approaches are adding to our understanding of the biology underlying disease development and progression. DNA methylation (DNAm) can be used as a biomarker of cell types, and through deconvolution approaches, to infer underlying cell type proportions. Cell-type deconvolution algorithms have two main categories: reference-based and reference-free. Reference-based algorithms are supervised methods that determine the underlying composition of cell types within a sample by leveraging differentially methylated regions (DMRs) specific to cell type, identified from DNAm measures of purified cell populations. Reference-free algorithms are unsupervised methods for use when cell-type specific DMRs are not available, allowing scientists to estimate putative cellular proportions or control for potential confounding from cell type. Reference-based deconvolution is typically applied to blood samples and has potentiated our understanding of the relation between immune profiles and disease by allowing estimation of immune cell proportions from archival DNA. Bioinformatic analyses using DNAm to infer immune cell proportions, part of a new field known as Immunomethylomics, provides a new direction for consideration in epigenome wide association studies (EWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Titus
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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23
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Adams CD, Jordahl KM, Copeland W, Mirick DK, Song X, Sather CL, Kelsey K, Houseman A, Davis S, Randolph T, Bhatti P. Nightshift work, chronotype, and genome-wide DNA methylation in blood. Epigenetics 2017; 12:833-840. [PMID: 28837395 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1366407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the negative health effects of shift work are poorly understood, which remains a barrier to developing intervention strategies to protect the long-term health of shift workers. We evaluated genome-wide differences in DNA methylation (measured in blood) between 111 actively employed female nightshift and 86 actively employed female dayshift workers from the Seattle metropolitan area. We also explored the effect of chronotype (i.e., measure of preference for activity earlier or later in the day) on DNA methylation among 110 of the female nightshift workers and an additional group of 131 male nightshift workers. Methylation data were generated using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K) Array. After applying the latest methylation data processing methods, we compared methylation levels at 361,210 CpG loci between the groups using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders and applied the false-discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05 to account for multiple comparisons. No statistically significant associations at the genome-wide level were observed with shift work or chronotype, though based on raw P values and absolute effect sizes, there were suggestive associations in genes that have been previously linked with cancer (e.g., BACH2, JRK, RPS6KA2) and type-2 diabetes (e.g., KCNQ1). Given that our study was underpowered to detect moderate effects, examining these suggestive results in well-powered independent studies or in pooled data sets may improve our understanding of the pathways underlying the negative health effects of shift work and the influence of personal factors such as chronotype. Such an approach may help identify potential interventions that can be used to protect the long-term health of shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleen D Adams
- a MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.,b Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- b Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Wade Copeland
- c Program in Biostatistics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Dana K Mirick
- b Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Xiaoling Song
- d Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Cassandra L Sather
- e Genomics Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Karl Kelsey
- f Department of Community Health , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Andres Houseman
- g College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Scott Davis
- b Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Timothy Randolph
- c Program in Biostatistics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- b Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
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24
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You D, Nilsson E, Tenen DE, Lyubetskaya A, Lo JC, Jiang R, Deng J, Dawes BA, Vaag A, Ling C, Rosen ED, Kang S. Dnmt3a is an epigenetic mediator of adipose insulin resistance. eLife 2017; 6:30766. [PMID: 29091029 PMCID: PMC5730374 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance results from an intricate interaction between genetic make-up and environment, and thus may be orchestrated by epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation. Here, we demonstrate that DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) is both necessary and sufficient to mediate insulin resistance in cultured mouse and human adipocytes. Furthermore, adipose-specific Dnmt3a knock-out mice are protected from diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance without accompanying changes in adiposity. Unbiased gene profiling studies revealed Fgf21 as a key negatively regulated Dnmt3a target gene in adipocytes with concordant changes in DNA methylation at the Fgf21 promoter region. Consistent with this, Fgf21 can rescue Dnmt3a-mediated insulin resistance, and DNA methylation at the FGF21 locus was elevated in human subjects with diabetes and correlated negatively with expression of FGF21 in human adipose tissue. Taken together, our data demonstrate that adipose Dnmt3a is a novel epigenetic mediator of insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo You
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Danielle E Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | | | - James C Lo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Rencong Jiang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jasmine Deng
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Brian A Dawes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - Allan Vaag
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Deciphering the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk loci can greatly inform on disease pathology. This review discusses current knowledge of mechanisms through which genetic variants influence T2DM risk and considerations for future studies. RECENT FINDINGS Over 100 T2DM risk loci to date have been identified. Candidate causal variants at risk loci map predominantly to non-coding sequence. Physiological, epigenomic and gene expression data suggest that variants at many known T2DM risk loci affect pancreatic islet regulation, although variants at other loci also affect protein function and regulatory processes in adipose, pre-adipose, liver, skeletal muscle and brain. The effects of T2DM variants on regulatory activity in these tissues appear largely, but not exclusively, due to altered transcription factor binding. Putative target genes of T2DM variants have been defined at an increasing number of loci and some, such as FTO, may entail several genes and multiple tissues. Gene networks in islets and adipocytes have been implicated in T2DM risk, although the molecular pathways of risk genes remain largely undefined. Efforts to fully define the mechanisms of T2DM risk loci are just beginning. Continued identification of risk mechanisms will benefit from combining genetic fine-mapping with detailed phenotypic association data, high-throughput epigenomics data from diabetes-relevant tissue, functional screening of candidate genes and genome editing of cellular and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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26
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Zheng M, Zou C, Li M, Huang G, Gao Y, Liu H. Folic Acid Reduces Tau Phosphorylation by Regulating PP2A Methylation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040861. [PMID: 28422052 PMCID: PMC5412442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are the hallmarks of AD. Hyperphosphorylated tau has been detected in diabetic animals as well as in diabetic patients. Folates mediate the transfer of one carbon unit, required in various biochemical reactions. The effect of folate on tau phosphorylation in diabetic models still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of folic acid on hyperphosphorylation of tau in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice induced by STZ, at the age of 10 weeks, were administered with three levels of folic acid: folic acid-deficient diet, diet with normal folic acid content, and 120 μg/kg folic acid diet for 8 weeks. Levels of serum folate and blood glucose were monitored. Tau phosphorylation, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) methylation, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation were detected using Western blot. The S-adenosyl methionine:S-adenosyl homocysteine ratio (SAM:SAH) in brain tissues was also determined. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) mRNA expression levels were detected using real-time PCR. Folic acid reduced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396 in the brain of diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. In addition, PP2A methylation and DNMT1 mRNA expression were significantly increased in DM mice post folic acid treatment. GSK-3β phosphorylation was not regulated by folic acid administration. Folic acid can reduce tau phosphorylation by regulating PP2A methylation in diabetic mice. These results support that folic acid can serve as a multitarget neuronal therapeutic agent for treating diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China.
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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27
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dos Santos Nunes MK, Silva AS, de Queiroga Evangelista IW, Filho JM, Gomes CNAP, do Nascimento RAF, Luna RCP, de Carvalho Costa MJ, de Oliveira NFP, Persuhn DC. Hypermethylation in the promoter of the MTHFR gene is associated with diabetic complications and biochemical indicators. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:84. [PMID: 29075332 PMCID: PMC5648437 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism for regulating the transcription of many genes and has been linked to the development of various diseases. A promising gene to investigate is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), since the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) promotes methyl radical synthesis in the homocysteine cycle and can provide methyl groups for DNA methylation. In addition, several studies have correlated gene polymorphisms of this enzyme with a greater risk of diabetes, but little is known regarding the relationship between epigenetic changes in this gene and diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between methylation profile in the MTHFR gene promoter and biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who have been diagnosed for 5-10 years with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy (DN). METHODS Specific PCR for methylation (MSP) was used to analyze MTHFR methylation profile in leucocytes DNA. Biochemical markers (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, serum creatinine), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant and malonaldehyde) were determined in peripheric blood samples and microalbuminuria in 24 h urine samples. The X2 and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were performed and p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS The hypermethylated profile was most frequently observed in individuals with retinopathy (p < 0.01) and was associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL levels (p = 0.0046, 0.0267, respectively). Individuals with DN and hypermethylated profiles had higher levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (p = 0.0080) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.0169) compared to subjects without complications. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation in the promoter of the MTHFR gene is associated with the occurrence of DR and with biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in the context of chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João Modesto Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria José de Carvalho Costa
- Nutrition Science Department and Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, CEP 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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