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Garcia-Loza I, Perna-Barrull D, Aguilera E, Almenara-Fuentes L, Gomez-Muñoz L, Greco D, Vila M, Salvado M, Mancera-Arteu M, Olszowy MW, Petriz J, Dalmases M, Rodriguez-Vidal S, Barneda-Zahonero B, Vives-Pi M. Targeting macrophages with phosphatidylserine-rich liposomes as a potential antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103196. [PMID: 38458075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a breakdown in immunological tolerance, with pivotal involvement of antigen-presenting cells. In this context, antigen-specific immunotherapies have been developed to arrest autoimmunity, such as phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes. However, the role of certain antigen-presenting cells in immunotherapy, particularly human macrophages (Mφ) in T1D remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Mφ in antigen-specific immune tolerance and T1D. To that end, we evaluated Mφ ability to capture apoptotic-body mimicking PS-liposomes in mice and conducted a phenotypic and functional characterisation of four human monocyte-derived Mφ (MoMφ) subpopulations (M0, M1, M2a and M2c) after PS-liposomes uptake. Our findings in mice identified Mφ as the most phagocytic cell subset in the spleen and liver. In humans, while phagocytosis rates were comparable between T1D and control individuals, PS-liposome capture dynamics differed among Mφ subtypes, favouring inflammatory (M1) and deactivated (M2c) Mφ. Notably, high nanoparticle concentrations did not affect macrophage viability. PS-liposome uptake by Mφ induced alterations in membrane molecule expression related to immunoregulation, reduced secretion of IL-6 and IL-12, and diminished autologous T-cell proliferation in the context of autoantigen stimulation. These results underscore the tolerogenic effects of PS-liposomes and emphasize their potential to target human Mφ, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of action of this preclinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Garcia-Loza
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Dept, Germans Trias I Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Petriz
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Endocrinology Dept, Germans Trias I Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; Ahead Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Gilles A, Hu L, Virdis F, Sant’Angelo DB, Dimitrova N, Hedrick JA, Denzin LK. The MHC Class II Antigen-Processing and Presentation Pathway Is Dysregulated in Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1630-1642. [PMID: 37811896 PMCID: PMC10872857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Peptide loading of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is facilitated by HLA-DM (DM), which catalyzes CLIP release, stabilizes empty MHCII, and edits the MHCII-bound peptide repertoire. HLA-DO (DO) binds to DM and modulates its activity, resulting in an altered set of peptides presented at the cell surface. MHCII-peptide presentation in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is abnormal, leading to a breakdown in tolerance; however, no direct measurement of the MHCII pathway activity in T1D patients has been performed. In this study, we measured MHCII Ag-processing pathway activity in humans by determining MHCII, MHCII-CLIP, DM, and DO levels by flow cytometry for peripheral blood B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes from 99 T1D patients and 97 controls. Results showed that MHCII levels were similar for all three APC subsets. In contrast, MHCII-CLIP levels, independent of sex, age at blood draw, disease duration, and diagnosis age, were significantly increased for all three APCs, with B cells showing the largest increase (3.4-fold). DM and DO levels, which usually directly correlate with MHCII-CLIP levels, were unexpectedly identical in T1D patients and controls. Gene expression profiling on PBMC RNA showed that DMB mRNA was significantly elevated in T1D patients with residual C-peptide. This resulted in higher levels of DM protein in B cells and dendritic cells. DO levels were also increased, suggesting that the MHCII pathway maybe differentially regulated in individuals with residual C-peptide. Collectively, these studies show a dysregulation of the MHCII Ag-processing pathway in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroise Gilles
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, Current address: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Lan Hu
- Oncology Informatics & Genomics, Philips North America, Cambridge, MA, 02141
| | - Francesca Virdis
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, Current address: Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Derek B. Sant’Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901
| | - Nevenka Dimitrova
- Oncology Informatics and Genomics, Philips North America, Valhalla, NY 10598, Current address: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | | | - Lisa K. Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901
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3
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Bechi Genzano C, Bezzecchi E, Carnovale D, Mandelli A, Morotti E, Castorani V, Favalli V, Stabilini A, Insalaco V, Ragogna F, Codazzi V, Scotti GM, Del Rosso S, Mazzi BA, De Pellegrin M, Giustina A, Piemonti L, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Morelli MJ, Bonfanti R, Petrelli A. Combined unsupervised and semi-automated supervised analysis of flow cytometry data reveals cellular fingerprint associated with newly diagnosed pediatric type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026416. [PMID: 36389771 PMCID: PMC9647173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An unbiased and replicable profiling of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-specific circulating immunome at disease onset has yet to be identified due to experimental and patient selection limitations. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on whole blood from a pediatric cohort of 107 patients with new-onset T1D, 85 relatives of T1D patients with 0-1 islet autoantibodies (pre-T1D_LR), 58 patients with celiac disease or autoimmune thyroiditis (CD_THY) and 76 healthy controls (HC). Unsupervised clustering of flow cytometry data, validated by a semi-automated gating strategy, confirmed previous findings showing selective increase of naïve CD4 T cells and plasmacytoid DCs, and revealed a decrease in CD56brightNK cells in T1D. Furthermore, a non-selective decrease of CD3+CD56+ regulatory T cells was observed in T1D. The frequency of naïve CD4 T cells at disease onset was associated with partial remission, while it was found unaltered in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease. Thanks to a broad cohort of pediatric individuals and the implementation of unbiased approaches for the analysis of flow cytometry data, here we determined the circulating immune fingerprint of newly diagnosed pediatric T1D and provide a reference dataset to be exploited for validation or discovery purposes to unravel the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Bezzecchi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Carnovale
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Morotti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Castorani
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Favalli
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Stabilini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Insalaco
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragogna
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Codazzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Del Rosso
- Laboratory Medicine, Autoimmunity Section, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Allegra Mazzi
- Immuno-Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (ITMS), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Pellegrin
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Traumatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J. Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonfanti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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4
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Pan X, Kaminga AC, Kinra S, Wen SW, Liu H, Tan X, Liu A. Chemokines in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:690082. [PMID: 35242125 PMCID: PMC8886728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that chemokines may play an important role in the formation and mediation of immune microenvironments of patients affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM. The effect size of the associations were the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the chemokines concentrations, calculated as group differences between the T1DM patients and the controls. These were summarized using network meta-analysis, which was also used to rank the chemokines by surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities. Results A total of 32 original studies on the association of different chemokines with T1DM were identified. Fifteen different chemokine nodes were compared between 15,683 T1DM patients and 15,128 controls, and 6 different chemokine receptor nodes were compared between 463 T1DM patients and 460 controls. Circulating samples (blood, serum, and plasma) showed that concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL1 were significantly higher in the T1DM patients than in the controls (SMD of 3.13 and 1.50, respectively). On the other hand, no significant difference in chemokine receptors between T1DM and controls was observed. SUCRA probabilities showed that circulating CCL5 had the highest rank in T1DM among all the chemokines investigated. Conclusion The results suggest that circulating CCL5 and CXCL1 may be promising novel biomarkers of T1DM. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings in longitudinal studies and explore potential mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Departmentof Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OMNI) Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinrui Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liang W, Enée E, Andre-Vallee C, Falcone M, Sun J, Diana J. Intestinal Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Shapes a Protective Neonatal Gut Microbiota Against Pancreatic Autoimmunity. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1288-1302.e16. [PMID: 34973295 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alteration of the gut microbiota is implicated in the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), as shown in humans and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. However, how gut dysbiosis arises and promotes the autoimmune response remains an open question. We investigated whether early events affecting the intestinal homeostasis in newborn NOD mice may explain the development of the autoimmune response in the adult pancreas. METHODS We profiled the transcriptome and the microbiota in the colon between newborn NOD mice and nonautoimmune strains. We identified a seminal defect in the intestinal homeostasis of newborn NOD mice and deciphered the mechanism linking this defect to the diabetogenic response in the adult. RESULTS We determined that the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) expression was defective in the colon of newborn NOD mice, allowing inducing dysbiosis. Dysbiosis stimulated the colonic epithelial cells to produce type I interferons that pathologically imprinted the local neonatal immune system. This pathological immune imprinting later promoted the pancreatic autoimmune response in the adult and the development of diabetes. Increasing colonic CRAMP expression in newborn NOD mice by means of local CRAMP treatment or CRAMP-expressing probiotic restored colonic homeostasis and halted the diabetogenic response, preventing autoimmune diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identified whether a defective colonic expression in the CRAMP antimicrobial peptide induces dysbiosis, contributing to autoimmunity in the pancreas. Hence, the manipulation of intestinal antimicrobial peptides may be considered a relevant therapeutic approach to prevent autoimmune diabetes in at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liang
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Enée
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Andre-Vallee
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marika Falcone
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jia Sun
- Nutritional Immunology and Translational Medicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Julien Diana
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Gomez-Muñoz L, Perna-Barrull D, Caroz-Armayones JM, Murillo M, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Valls A, Vazquez F, Perez J, Corripio R, Castaño L, Bel J, Vives-Pi M. Candidate Biomarkers for the Prediction and Monitoring of Partial Remission in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825426. [PMID: 35280980 PMCID: PMC8904370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The partial remission (PR) phase, a period experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) soon after diagnosis, is characterized by low insulin requirements and improved glycemic control. Given the great potential of this phase as a therapeutic window for immunotherapies because of its association with immunoregulatory mechanisms and β-cell protection, our objective was to find peripheral immunological biomarkers for its better characterization, monitoring, and prediction. The longitudinal follow-up of 17 pediatric patients with new-onset T1D over one year revealed that, during the PR phase, remitter patients show increased percentages of effector memory (EM) T lymphocytes, terminally differentiated EM T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to non-remitter patients. On the contrary, remitter patients showed lower percentages of naïve T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (TREG), and dendritic cells (DCs). After a year of follow-up, these patients also presented increased levels of regulatory B cells and transitional T1 B lymphocytes. On the other hand, although none of the analyzed cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-10) could distinguish or predict remission, IL-17A was increased at T1D diagnosis in comparison to control subjects, and remitter patients tended to maintain lower levels of this cytokine than non-remitters. Therefore, these potential monitoring immunological biomarkers of PR support that this stage is governed by both metabolic and immunological factors and suggest immunoregulatory attempts during this phase. Furthermore, since the percentage of TREG, monocytes, and DCs, and the total daily insulin dose at diagnosis were found to be predictors of the PR phase, we next created an index-based predictive model comprising those immune cell percentages that could potentially predict remission at T1D onset. Although our preliminary study needs further validation, these candidate biomarkers could be useful for the immunological characterization of the PR phase, the stratification of patients with better disease prognosis, and a more personalized therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Caroz-Armayones
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Health Inequalities Research Group (GREDS-EMCONET), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University–Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Murillo
- Pediatrics Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Valls
- Pediatrics Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Federico Vazquez
- Endocrinology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Perez
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Research Institute, UPV/EHU, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joan Bel
- Pediatrics Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Wesley JD, Pfeiffer S, Schneider D, Friedrich D, Perdue N, Sehested-Hansen B, Hagopian W, von Herrath MG. Peripheral autoreactive CD8 T-cell frequencies are too variable to be a reliable predictor of disease progression of human type 1 diabetes. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1309. [PMID: 34267894 PMCID: PMC8273427 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The detection of a peripheral immune cell signature that specifically reflects autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes would enable the prediction and staging of disease on an individual basis. However, defining such a signature is technically challenging. Reliable interpretation of immune cell‐related biomarkers depends on their inherent variability and, to understand this variability, longitudinal analyses are required. Methods We performed a longitudinal observational study in which 40 individuals with elevated genetic risk of type 1 diabetes and persistent islet autoantibodies provided a blood sample every 4–6 weeks for > 1 year. Results Peripheral immune cell composition (T cells, NK cells and monocytes) was assessed using well‐validated flow cytometry panels and demonstrated that, while non‐antigen‐specific immune cell subsets were stable over time, autoantigen‐reactive T‐cell frequencies were highly variable in and between individuals. Neither the frequency nor phenotype of non‐antigen‐specific subsets or autoreactive CD8+ T cells associated with clinical onset of T1D. Conclusion The findings from the Type 1 Diabetes Longitudinal BIomarker Trial underscore the inherent challenge of evaluating changes in peripheral immune cell populations as surrogates of organ‐specific disease activity. The variability of peripheral antigen‐specific T cells precludes their use as a prognostic marker and clearly demonstrates that a reliable prognostic cell signature remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nikole Perdue
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc. Seattle WA USA
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Saksida T, Jevtić B, Djedović N, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. Redox Regulation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:364-382. [PMID: 32458699 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Autoimmune diseases are progressively affecting westernized societies, as the proportion of individuals suffering from autoimmunity is steadily increasing over the past decades. Understanding the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders is of utmost importance. The focus of this review is the regulation of ROS production within tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells that have the essential role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and significant potency in their therapy. Recent Advances: It is now clear that ROS are extremely important for the proper function of both DC and T cells. Antigen processing/presentation and the ability of DC to activate T cells depend upon the ROS availability. Treg differentiation, suppressive function, and stability are profoundly influenced by ROS presence. Critical Issues: Although a plethora of results on the relation between ROS and immune cells exist, it remains unclear whether ROS modulation is a productive way for skewing T cells and DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Also, the possibility of ROS modulation for enhancement of regulatory properties of DC and Treg during their preparation for use in cellular therapy has to be clarified. Future Directions: Studies of DC and T cell redox regulation should allow for the improvement of the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This could be achieved through the direct therapeutic application of ROS modulators in autoimmunity, or indirectly through ROS-dependent enhancement of tolDC and Treg preparation for cell-based immunotherapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 364-382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Djedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zirpel H, Roep BO. Islet-Resident Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Type 1 Diabetes: In Search of Bigfoot's Print. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666795. [PMID: 33912139 PMCID: PMC8072455 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical view of type 1 diabetes assumes that the autoimmune mediated targeting of insulin producing ß-cells is caused by an error of the immune system. Malfunction and stress of beta cells added the target tissue at the center of action. The innate immune system, and in particular islet-resident cells of the myeloid lineage, could function as a link between stressed ß-cells and activation and recognition by the adaptive immune system. We survey the role of islet-resident macrophages and dendritic cells in healthy islet homeostasis and pathophysiology of T1D. Knowledge of islet-resident antigen presenting cells in rodents is substantial, but quite scarce in humans, in particular regarding dendritic cells. Differences in blood between healthy and diseased individuals were reported, but it remains elusive to what extend these contribute to T1D onset. Increasing our understanding of the interaction between ß-cells and innate immune cells may provide new insights into disease initiation and development that could ultimately point to future treatment options. Here we review current knowledge of islet-resident macrophages and dendritic cells, place these in context of current clinical trials, and guide future research.
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10
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Shi R, Dai F, He Y, Sun L, Xu M, Deng D, Zhang Q. Comprehensive Analyses of Type 1 Diabetes Ketosis- or Ketoacidosis-Related Genes in Activated CD56 +CD16 + NK Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:750135. [PMID: 34899600 PMCID: PMC8656236 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in natural killer (NK) cells activity cause damage to pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study is to identify T1DM ketosis- or ketoacidosis-related genes in activated CD56+CD16+ NK cells. METHODS Microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the GEO2R tool. Enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape online database and GSEA software. Cell-specific gene co-expression network was built using NetworkAnalyst tools. Cytoscape software was used to identify hub genes and construct co-expressed networks. Target miRNAs were predicted based on the DIANA-micro T, miRDB, and miRWalk online databases. RESULTS A total of 70 DEGs were identified between T1DM patients recovered from ketosis or ketoacidosis and healthy control blood samples in GSE44314. Among the DEGs, 10 hub genes were screened out. The mature NK cell-specific gene co-expression network for DEGs in T1DM was built using NetworkAnalyst tools. DEGs between activated CD56+CD16+ NK cells and CD56brightCD16- NK cells were identified from GSE1511. After intersection, 13 overlapping genes between GSE44314 and GSE1511 microarray datasets were screened out, in which 7 hub genes were identified. Additionally, 59 target miRNAs were predicted according to the 7 hub genes. After validating with the exosome miRNA expression profile dataset of GSE97123, seven differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in plasma-derived exosome were selected. Finally, a mRNA-miRNA network was constructed, which was involved in the T1DM ketosis or ketoacidosis process. CONCLUSION This work identified seven hub genes in activated CD56+CD16+ NK cells and seven miRNAs in plasma-derived exosome as potential predictors of T1DM ketoacidosis, which provided a novel insight for the pathogenesis at the transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiu Zhang
- *Correspondence: Datong Deng, ; Qiu Zhang,
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11
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Garavelli S, Bruzzaniti S, Tagliabue E, Prattichizzo F, Di Silvestre D, Perna F, La Sala L, Ceriello A, Mozzillo E, Fattorusso V, Mauri P, Puca AA, Franzese A, Matarese G, Galgani M, de Candia P. Blood Co-Circulating Extracellular microRNAs and Immune Cell Subsets Associate with Type 1 Diabetes Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020477. [PMID: 31940853 PMCID: PMC7013659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell subsets and microRNAs have been independently proposed as type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Here, we aimed to analyze the relationships between peripheral blood circulating immune cell subsets, plasmatic microRNAs, and T1D. Blood samples were obtained from both children with T1D at diagnosis and age-sex matched healthy controls. Then, immunophenotype assessed by flow cytometry was coupled with the quantification of 60 plasmatic microRNAs by quantitative RT-PCR. The associations between immune cell frequency, plasmatic microRNAs, and the parameters of pancreatic loss, glycemic control, and diabetic ketoacidosis were assessed by logistic regression models and correlation analyses. We found that the increase in specific plasmatic microRNAs was associated with T1D disease onset (let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-423-5p), serum C-peptide concentration (miR-142-5p and miR-29c-3p), glycated hemoglobin (miR-26a-5p and miR-223-3p) and the presence of ketoacidosis (miR-29c-3p) more strongly than the evaluated immune cell subset frequency. Some of these plasmatic microRNAs were shown to positively correlate with numbers of blood circulating B lymphocytes (miR-142-5p) and CD4+CD45RO+ (miR-146a-5p and miR-223-3p) and CD4+CD25+ cells (miR-423-3p and miR-223-3p) in children with T1D but not in healthy controls, suggesting a disease-specific microRNA association with immune dysregulation in T1D. In conclusion, our results suggest that, while blood co-circulating extracellular microRNAs and immune cell subsets may be biologically linked, microRNAs may better provide powerful information about T1D onset and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garavelli
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Prattichizzo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lucia La Sala
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Fattorusso
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria ”Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
| | - Mario Galgani
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
| | - Paola de Candia
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
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12
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Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Murillo M, Villalba A, Perna-Barrull D, Cano-Sarabia M, Gomez-Muñoz L, Aguilera E, Maspoch D, Vazquez F, Bel J, Vives-Pi M. Impaired Phagocytosis in Dendritic Cells From Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Does Not Hamper Their Tolerogenic Potential. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2811. [PMID: 31849983 PMCID: PMC6892968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is prompted by defective immunological tolerance, an event in which dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial as immune response orchestrators. In fact, they contribute to maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, but they can also prompt an immunogenic response against them, leading to autoimmunity. Countless factors can potentially impact on the proper functionality of the DCs, which range from altered subset distribution, impaired phagocytic function to abnormal gene expression. Moreover, in T1D, metabolic dysregulation could impair DC functions as well. Indeed, since T1D clinical course is likely to be more aggressive in children and adolescents and entails severe dysglycemia, the aim of this study was to analyze circulating DCs subpopulations in pediatric T1D at different stages, as well as to characterize their phagocytosis ability and tolerance induction potential. Thus, pediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D, with established disease and control subjects were recruited. Firstly, DCs subsets from peripheral blood were found quantitatively altered during the first year of disease, but recovered in the second year of progression. Secondly, to study the tolerogenic functionality of DCs, liposomes with phosphatidylserine (PS) were designed to mimic apoptotic beta cells, which are able to induce tolerance, as previously demonstrated by our group in DCs from adult patients with T1D. In this study, monocyte-derived DCs from pediatric patients with T1D and control subjects were assessed in terms of PS-liposomes capture kinetics, and transcriptional and phenotypic changes. DCs from pediatric patients with T1D were found to phagocyte PS-liposomes more slowly and less efficiently than DCs from control subjects, inversely correlating with disease evolution. Nonetheless, the transcription of PS receptors and immunoregulatory genes, cytokine profile, and membrane expression of immunological markers in DCs was consistent with tolerogenic potential after PS-liposomes phagocytosis. In conclusion, T1D progression in childhood entails altered peripheral blood DCs subsets, as well as impaired DCs phagocytosis, although tolerance induction could still function optimally. Therefore, this study provides useful data for patient follow-up and stratification in immunotherapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Murillo
- Pediatrics Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Vazquez
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Bel
- Pediatrics Section, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes Network and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCiii), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Oras A, Peet A, Giese T, Tillmann V, Uibo R. A study of 51 subtypes of peripheral blood immune cells in newly diagnosed young type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:57-70. [PMID: 31116879 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets. Various immune cell populations are involved in disease development and natural course. However, to our knowledge, so far there are no comprehensive comparative investigations of all main immune cell populations and their most important subsets at the onset of disease. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed 51 peripheral blood immune cell populations in 22 young T1D patients and in 25 age-matched controls using a comprehensive polychromatic flow cytometry panel developed for whole blood by the COST Action no. BM0907 ENTIRE (European Network for Translational Immunology Research and Education: From Immunomonitoring to Personalized Immunotherapy) consortium. We found that in T1D patients, frequencies and absolute counts of natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC) and T cells, as well as their respective subsets, were significantly altered compared to controls. Further, we observed that changes in several cell populations (e.g. CD14+ CD16+ non-classical monocytes, plasmablasts) were dependent on the age of the patient. In addition to age-related changes, we also found that alterations in immune cell patterns were associated with parameters such as the presence of ketoacidosis and C-peptide serum levels. Our study provides a foundation for future studies investigating different cell lineages and their role in T1D and illustrates the value of polychromatic flow cytometry for evaluating all main peripheral immune cells and their subsets in whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oras
- Instititute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Peet
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Giese
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Uibo
- Instititute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Wang X, Yang L, Cheng Y, Liang H, Hu J, Zheng P, Huang G, Zhou Z. Downregulation of T-Cell Transcription Factors in Adult Latent Autoimmune Diabetes with High-Titer Glutamic Acid Decaroxylase Antibody. Diabetes Ther 2019; 10:917-927. [PMID: 30895467 PMCID: PMC6531551 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) shows a heterogeneous clinical profile that is dependent on the glutamic acid decaroxylase antibody (GADA) titer. We speculated that LADA patients with a high or low GADA titer may have distinct T-lymphocyte subset profiles and distinct expression patterns of transcription factors involved in T-cell immunomodulation. METHODS Patients with LADA (n = 40) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM; n = 14) were recruited to the study, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. The proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets (Th1 [T helper type 1], Th2 [T helper type 2], Treg [regulatory T], and Th17 [T helper type 17] cells) were determined by flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to estimate mRNA expression levels of the T-cell subtype-enriched transcription factors T-bet (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) (Treg), and RORC (Th17). RESULTS The frequency of Th1 (as a percentage of total CD4+T cells) was greater in the LADA patients with high-titer GADA than in the LADA patients with low-titer GADA (11.06 ± 1.62 vs. 7.05 ± 0.86, P = 0.030). Compared to the T2DM group, in the low-titer GADA group the frequency of Th1 was significantly reduced (7.05 ± 0.86 vs. 16.75 ± 3.73, P = 0.017) and the frequency of Th17 frequency was signficantly increased (1.11 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.16, P = 0.017). Compared to T2DM patients, in the high-titer GADA group there was a significantly reduced expression of FOXP3 (0.35 ± 0.13 vs. 1.75 ± 0.54, P = 0.002), RORC (0.53 ± 0.19 vs. 2.00 ± 0.77, P = 0.046), and GATA3 (0.74 ± 0.17 vs. 2.31 ± 0.91, P = 0.046). Similarly, the high-titer GADA group expressed reduced levels of FOXP3 and RORC compared to the low-titer GADA group (0.35 ± 0.13 vs. 1.50 ± 0.41, P = 0.027; 0.53 ± 0.19 vs. 1.35 ± 0.21, P = 0.027, respectively). There was a negative correlation between FOXP3 expression level and GADA titer for the entire cohort (r = - 0.0433, P = 0.015) and a stronger negative correlation in LADA patients (r = - 0.606, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION LADA patients with high-titer GADA express lower levels of T-cell transcription factors, including the Treg transcription factor FOXP3, which may contribute to differences in the clinical profile compared to LADA patients with low-titer GADA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01159847.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Salo HM, Koponen J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Honkanen J, Härkönen T, Ilonen J, Virtanen SM, Tillmann V, Knip M, Vaarala O. No evidence of the role of early chemical exposure in the development of β-cell autoimmunity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1370-1378. [PMID: 30426368 PMCID: PMC6331740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals can modulate the developing immune system, but its role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is largely unexplored. Our objective was to study the levels of circulating concentrations of environmental pollutants during the first years of life and their associations with the later risk of diabetes-predictive autoantibodies. From two birth-cohort studies including newborn infants with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (FINDIA and DIABIMMUNE), we identified case children with at least one biochemical diabetes-associated autoantibody (n = 30-40) and from one to four autoantibody-negative controls per each case child matched for age, gender, diabetes-related HLA-risk, delivery hospital, and, in FINDIA, also dietary intervention group. Plasma levels of 13 persistent organic pollutants and 14 per- and polyfluorinated substances were analyzed in cord blood and plasma samples taken at the age of 12 and 48 months. Both breastfeeding and the geographical living environment showed association with circulating concentrations of some of the chemicals. Breastfeeding-adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed association between decreased plasma HBC concentration at 12-month-old children and the appearance of diabetes-associated autoantibodies (HR, 0.989; 95% Cl, 0.978-1.000; P = 0.048). No association was found between the plasma chemical levels and the development of clinical type 1 diabetes. Our results do not support the view that exposure to the studied environmental chemicals during fetal life or early childhood is a significant risk factor for later development of β-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Salo
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jani Koponen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Wang X, Zheng P, Huang G, Yang L, Zhou Z. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors: promising new agents for autoimmune diabetes. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:473-480. [PMID: 30022375 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors constitute a novel class of anti-diabetic agents confirmed to improve glycemic control and preserve β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Three major large-scale studies, EXAMINE, SAVOR-TIMI 53, and TECOS, have confirmed the cardiovascular safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors. Based on these results, DPP-4 inhibitors have gained widespread use in type 2 diabetes treatment. It is currently unknown, however, whether DPP-4 inhibitors have similar therapeutic efficacy against autoimmune diabetes. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have addressed this issue, but the results remain controversial. In this review, we summarize experimental findings and preliminary clinical trial results, and identify potentially effective immune modulation targets of DPP-4 inhibitors for autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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17
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Gajovic N, Jurisevic M, Pantic J, Radosavljevic G, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Jovanovic I. Attenuation of NK cells facilitates mammary tumor growth in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:493-507. [PMID: 29459428 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have higher incidence and mortality of cancer. Recent study revealed that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is involved in the acceleration of tumor metastasis. We used model of high-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes to investigate its effect on tumor growth and modulation of antitumor immune response of 4T1 murine breast cancer in BALB/c mice. Diabetes accelerated tumor appearance, growth and weight, which was associated with decreased NK cells cytotoxicity against 4T1 tumor cells in vitro Diabetes reduced frequencies of systemic NKG2D+, perforin+, granzyme+, IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ NK cells, while increased level of PD-1 expression and production of IL-10 in NK cells. Diabetes decreased percentage of NKG2D+NK cells and increased percentage of PD-1+ NK cells also in primary tumor. Diabetes increased accumulation of IL-10+ Tregs and TGF-β+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in spleen and tumor. Diabetic sera in vitro significantly increased the percentage of KLRG-1+ and PD-1+ NK cells, decreased the percentage of IFN-γ+NK cells, expression of NKp46 and production of perforin, granzyme, CD107a and IL-17 per NK cell in comparison to glucose-added mouse sera and control sera. Significantly increased percentages of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) producing MDSCs and dendritic cells (DC) were found in the spleens of diabetic mice prior to tumor induction. 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan, specific IDO inhibitor, almost completely restored phenotype of NK cells cultivated in diabetic sera. These findings indicate that diabetes promotes breast cancer growth at least in part through increased accumulation of immunosuppressive cells and IDO-mediated attenuation of NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Spleen/metabolism
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Parkkola A, Laine AP, Karhunen M, Härkönen T, Ryhänen SJ, Ilonen J, Knip M. HLA and non-HLA genes and familial predisposition to autoimmune diseases in families with a child affected by type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188402. [PMID: 29182645 PMCID: PMC5705143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition could be assumed to be causing clustering of autoimmunity in individuals and families. We tested whether HLA and non-HLA loci associate with such clustering of autoimmunity. We included 1,745 children with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. Data on personal or family history of autoimmune diseases were collected with a structured questionnaire and, for a subset, with a detailed search for celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. Children with multiple autoimmune diseases or with multiple affected first- or second-degree relatives were identified. We analysed type 1 diabetes related HLA class II haplotypes and genotyped 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) outside the HLA region. The HLA-DR4-DQ8 haplotype was associated with having type 1 diabetes only whereas the HLA-DR3-DQ2 haplotype was more common in children with multiple autoimmune diseases. Children with multiple autoimmune diseases showed nominal association with RGS1 (rs2816316), and children coming from an autoimmune family with rs11711054 (CCR3-CCR5). In multivariate analyses, the overall effect of non-HLA SNPs on both phenotypes was evident, associations with RGS1 and CCR3-CCR5 region were confirmed and additional associations were implicated: NRP1, FUT2, and CD69 for children with multiple autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, HLA-DR3-DQ2 haplotype and some non-HLA SNPs contribute to the clustering of autoimmune diseases in children with type 1 diabetes and in their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parkkola
- Scientific Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Laine
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Karhunen
- Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Scientific Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samppa J. Ryhänen
- Scientific Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Scientific Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Venturini J, Fraga-Silva TFC, Marchetti CM, Mimura LAN, Conti BJ, Golim MDA, Mendes RP, de Arruda MSP. Imbalanced Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Activations in Response to Candida albicans in a Murine Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:420-38. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1162798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Venturini
- Faculdade de Ciências, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Campos Fraga-Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Biocências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Faculdade de Ciências, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Biocências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno José Conti
- Instituto de Biocências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Márjorie de Assis Golim
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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20
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Pruul K, Kisand K, Alnek K, Metsküla K, Reimand K, Heilman K, Peet A, Varik K, Peetsalu M, Einberg Ü, Tillmann V, Uibo R. Differences in B7 and CD28 family gene expression in the peripheral blood between newly diagnosed young-onset and adult-onset type 1 diabetes patients. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:265-71. [PMID: 25980680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, and there are pathogenetic differences between young- and adult-onset T1D patients. We hypothesized that the expressions of genes involved in costimulatory immune system pathways in peripheral blood are differently regulated in young- and adult-onset T1D. Study group I consisted of 80 children, adolescents, and young adults (age range 1.4-21.4 y; 31 controls and 49 T1D patients). Study group II consisted of 48 adults (age range 22.0-78.4 y; 30 controls and 18 T1D patients). The mRNA expression levels of CD86, CD28, CD25, CD226, CD40, BTLA, GITR, PDCD1, FoxP3, TGF-β, ICOS, sCTLA4, flCTLA4, and CD80 were measured in peripheral blood. Genetic polymorphisms (HLA haplotypes; rs231806, rs231775, and rs3087243 in CTLA4; rs763361 in CD226; and rs706778 in CD25) and T1D-associated autoantibodies were analyzed. In group I, there was significantly lower expression of CD226 in T1D patients than in the controls. In group II, there were significantly higher expression levels of CD86 and TGF-β in T1D patients than in the controls. In the T1D patients in group I, the upregulated CD80 expression correlated with the expression of both CTLA4 splice variants (sCTLA4 and flCTLA4). In contrast, in group II, upregulated CD86 correlated with TGF-β and CD25. In group I, the inhibitory CD80-CTLA4 pathway was activated, whereas, in group II, the activation CD86-CD28 pathway and TGF-β production were activated. These results emphasize the differences between young-onset and adult-onset T1D in the regulation of costimulatory pathways. These differences should be considered when developing novel treatments for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pruul
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Kisand
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Alnek
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Metsküla
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Reimand
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - K Heilman
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - A Peet
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Tartu, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - K Varik
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 8A, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - M Peetsalu
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 8A, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ü Einberg
- Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - V Tillmann
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Tartu, N. Lunini 6, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - R Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.
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21
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Fogarty CL, Nieminen JK, Peräneva L, Lassenius MI, Ahola AJ, Taskinen MR, Jauhiainen M, Kirveskari J, Pussinen P, Hörkkö S, Mäkinen VP, Gordin D, Forsblom C, Groop PH, Vaarala O, Lehto M. High-fat meals induce systemic cytokine release without evidence of endotoxemia-mediated cytokine production from circulating monocytes or myeloid dendritic cells. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:315-22. [PMID: 25182144 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary fats have been shown to promote the translocation of bacterial endotoxins from the gut into circulation, which may induce systemic inflammation and modulate the inflammatory response of circulating immune cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the postprandial milieu on inflammation and the inflammatory response of antigen presenting cells in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with T1D and eleven nondiabetic controls were recruited as part of the FinnDiane study and given two fatty meals during 1 day. Cytokine responses in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) as well as serum lipopolysaccharide activity levels, triglyceride concentrations and cytokine concentrations were measured from fasting and postprandial blood samples. RESULTS Postprandially, patients with T1D and controls showed significant increases in eight inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12 and MIP-1β) without concomitant increase in serum LPS activity. Serum cytokine production was similar in both groups. No postprandial change was seen in the IL-6, TNF-α or IL-1β production of mDCs or monocytes. At fasting, diabetic mDCs exhibited higher LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production than controls. CONCLUSIONS Acute high-fat meals increase circulating cytokines but have no effect on serum lipopolysaccharide activity levels or cytokine production in circulating mDCs or monocytes. Our results suggest that postprandial increase in serum cytokine levels is neither mediated by circulating endotoxins nor the activation of circulating innate cells. The production of high-fat meal-induced inflammatory markers is most likely regulated at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Fogarty
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki (Room C317b), Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Mackern-Oberti JP, Vega F, Llanos C, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Targeting dendritic cell function during systemic autoimmunity to restore tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16381-417. [PMID: 25229821 PMCID: PMC4200801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases can damage nearly every tissue or cell type of the body. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, current therapies have not been improved, remain unspecific and are associated with significant side effects. Because dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in promoting immune tolerance against self-antigens (self-Ags), current efforts are focusing at generating new therapies based on the transfer of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) during autoimmunity. However, the feasibility of this approach during systemic autoimmunity has yet to be evaluated. TolDCs may ameliorate autoimmunity mainly by restoring T cell tolerance and, thus, indirectly modulating autoantibody development. In vitro induction of tolDCs loaded with immunodominant self-Ags and subsequent cell transfer to patients would be a specific new therapy that will avoid systemic immunosuppression. Herein, we review recent approaches evaluating the potential of tolDCs for the treatment of systemic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Mackern-Oberti
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Fabián Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago 8330033, Chile.
| | - Carolina Llanos
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago 8330033, Chile.
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
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23
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Kayserova J, Vcelakova J, Stechova K, Dudkova E, Hromadkova H, Sumnik Z, Kolouskova S, Spisek R, Sediva A. Decreased dendritic cell numbers but increased TLR9-mediated interferon-alpha production in first degree relatives of type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:49-55. [PMID: 24709112 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in pathogenesis of autoimmunity, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we investigated DC subpopulations and their responses to TLR stimulation in T1D patients and their relatives. METHODS We analyzed the frequency of myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in 97 T1D patients (69 onset, 28 long-term), 67 first-degree relatives, and 64 controls. We additionally tested the IFN-alpha production by pDCs upon stimulation with TLR 7, 8 and 9 agonists. RESULTS A lower number of mDCs and pDCs were found in T1D patients and their relatives. Of all the tested TLR ligands, only stimulation with CpG 2216 induced IFN-alpha production that was the highest in T1D relatives, except of autoantibody-negative relatives bearing the protective haplotypes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate disturbances in DC number and function expressed most significantly in T1D relatives and point to a potential role of TLR9-induced IFN-alpha production in T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kayserova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Vcelakova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Stechova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Dudkova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hromadkova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Jankovcova 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Ferreira GB, Gysemans CA, Demengeot J, da Cunha JPMCM, Vanherwegen AS, Overbergh L, Van Belle TL, Pauwels F, Verstuyf A, Korf H, Mathieu C. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes tolerogenic dendritic cells with functional migratory properties in NOD mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4210-20. [PMID: 24663679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is able to promote the generation of tolerogenic mature dendritic cells (mDCs) with an impaired ability to activate autoreactive T cells. These cells could represent a reliable tool for the promotion or restoration of Ag-specific tolerance through vaccination strategies, for example in type 1 diabetes patients. However, successful transfer of 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mDCs (1,25D3-mDCs) depends on the capacity of 1,25(OH)2D3 to imprint a similar tolerogenic profile in cells derived from diabetes-prone donors as from diabetes-resistant donors. In this study, we examined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the function and phenotype of mDCs originating from healthy (C57BL/6) and diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to imprint a phenotypic tolerogenic profile on DCs derived from both mouse strains. Both NOD- and C57BL/6-derived 1,25D3-mDCs decreased the proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells in vitro, despite strain differences in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine expression. In addition, 1,25D3-mDCs from diabetes-prone mice expanded CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and induced intracellular IL-10 production by T cells in vitro. Furthermore, 1,25D3-mDCs exhibited an intact functional migratory capacity in vivo that favors homing to the liver and pancreas of adult NOD mice. More importantly, when cotransferred with activated CD4(+) T cells into NOD.SCID recipients, 1,25D3-mDCs potently dampened the proliferation of autoreactive donor T cells in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes. Altogether, these results argue for the potential of 1,25D3-mDCs to restore Ag-specific immune tolerance and arrest autoimmune disease progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Morel PA. Dendritic cell subsets in type 1 diabetes: friend or foe? Front Immunol 2013; 4:415. [PMID: 24367363 PMCID: PMC3853773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease characterized by immune mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans. Dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D and are also used as immunotherapeutic agents. Plasmacytoid (p)DC have been shown to have both protective and pathogenic effects and a newly described merocytic DC population has been shown to break tolerance in the mouse model of T1D, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. We have used DC populations to prevent the onset of T1D in NOD mice and clinical trials of DC therapy in T1D diabetes have been initiated. In this review we will critically examine the recent published literature on the role of DC subsets in the induction and regulation of the autoimmune response in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Morel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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26
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Abstract
The gut immune system has a key role in the development of autoimmune diabetes, and factors that control the gut immune system are also regulators of beta-cell autoimmunity. Gut microbiota modulate the function of the gut immune system by their effect on the innate immune system, such as the intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells, and on the adaptive immune system, in particular intestinal T cells. Due to the immunological link between gut and pancreas, e.g. the shared lymphocyte homing receptors, the immunological changes in the gut are reflected in the pancreas. According to animal studies, changes in gut microbiota alter the development of autoimmune diabetes. This has been demonstrated by antibiotics that induce changes in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, gut-colonizing microbes may modify the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in animal models. Deficient toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, mediating microbial stimulus in immune cells, prevents autoimmune diabetes, which appears to be dependent on alterations in the intestinal microbiota. Although few studies have been conducted in humans, recent studies suggest that the abundance of Bacteroides and lack of butyrate-producing bacteria in fecal microbiota are associated with beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. It is possible that altered gut microbiota are associated with immunological aberrancies in type 1 diabetes. The changes in gut microbiota could lead to alterations in the gut immune system, such as increased gut permeability, small intestinal inflammation, and impaired tolerance to food antigens, all of which are observed in type 1 diabetes. Poor fitness of gut microbiota could explain why children who develop type 1 diabetes are prone to enterovirus infections, and do not develop tolerance to cow milk antigens. These candidate risk factors of type 1 diabetes may imply an increased risk of type 1 diabetes due to the presence of gut microbiota that do not support health. Despite the complex interaction of microbiota, host, environment, and disease mechanisms, gut microbiota are promising novel targets in the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Vaarala
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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