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Tricò D, Chiriacò M, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Kursawe R, Tarabra E, Galderisi A, Natali A, Giannini C, Hellerstein M, Ferrannini E, Caprio S. Alterations in Adipose Tissue Distribution, Cell Morphology, and Function Mark Primary Insulin Hypersecretion in Youth With Obesity. Diabetes 2024; 73:941-952. [PMID: 37870826 PMCID: PMC11109779 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive insulin secretion independent of insulin resistance, defined as primary hypersecretion, is associated with obesity and an unfavorable metabolic phenotype. We examined the characteristics of adipose tissue of youth with primary insulin hypersecretion and the longitudinal metabolic alterations influenced by the complex adipo-insular interplay. In a multiethnic cohort of adolescents with obesity but without diabetes, primary insulin hypersecretors had enhanced model-derived β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity but worse glucose tolerance, despite similar demographics, adiposity, and insulin resistance measured by both oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Hypersecretors had greater intrahepatic and visceral fat depots at abdominal MRI, hypertrophic abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, higher free fatty acid and leptin serum levels per fat mass, and faster in vivo lipid turnover assessed by a long-term 2H2O labeling protocol. At 2-year follow-up, hypersecretors had greater fat accrual and a threefold higher risk for abnormal glucose tolerance, while individuals with hypertrophic adipocytes or higher leptin levels showed enhanced β-cell glucose sensitivity. Primary insulin hypersecretion is associated with marked alterations in adipose tissue distribution, cellularity, and lipid dynamics, independent of whole-body adiposity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic insight into the metabolic crosstalk between β-cell and adipocyte may help to identify individuals at risk for chronic hyperinsulinemia, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Romy Kursawe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Ettleson MD, Penna GCE, Wan W, Benseñor IM, Laiteerapong N, Bianco AC. TSH Trajectories During Levothyroxine Treatment in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae294. [PMID: 38780968 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) trajectory classification represents a novel approach to defining the adequacy of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment for hypothyroidism over time. OBJECTIVE This is a proof of principle study that uses longitudinal clinical data, including thyroid hormone levels from a large prospective study to define classes of TSH trajectories and examine changes in cardiovascular (CV) health markers over the study period. METHODS Growth mixture modeling (GMM), including latent class growth analysis (LCGA), was used to classify LT4-treated individuals participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) based on serial TSH levels. Repeated measure analyses were then utilized to assess within-class changes in blood pressure, lipid levels, hemoglobin A1c, and CV-related medication utilization. RESULTS From the 621 LT4-treated study participants, the best-fit GMM approach identified 4 TSH trajectory classes, as defined by their relationship to the normal TSH range: (1) high-high normal TSH, (2) normal TSH, (3) normal to low TSH, and (4) low to normal TSH. Notably, the average baseline LT4 dose was lowest in the high-high normal TSH group (77.7 µg, P < .001). There were no significant differences in CV health markers between the classes at baseline. At least 1 significant difference in CV markers occurred in all classes, highlighted by the low to normal class, in which total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and A1c all increased significantly (P = .049, P < .001, P < .001, and P = .001, respectively). Utilization of antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetes medications increased in all classes. CONCLUSION GMM/LCGA represents a viable approach to define and examine LT4 treatment by TSH trajectory. More comprehensive datasets should allow for more complex trajectory modeling and analysis of clinical outcome differences between trajectory classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ettleson
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gustavo C E Penna
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen Wan
- Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Clinical Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neda Laiteerapong
- Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Galderisi A, Tricò D, Lat J, Samuels S, Weiss R, Van Name M, Pierpont B, Santoro N, Caprio S. Incretin effect determines glucose trajectory and insulin sensitivity in youths with obesity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165709. [PMID: 37847560 PMCID: PMC10721315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In youths with obesity, the gut hormone potentiation of insulin secretion - the incretin effect - is blunted. We explored the longitudinal impact of the incretin effect during pubertal transition on β cell function and insulin sensitivity. Youths with obesity and 2-hour glucose level ≥ 120 mg/dL underwent a 3-hour oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycemic i.v. glucose infusion to quantify the incretin effect. After 2 years, 30 of 39 participants had a repeated OGTT and were stratified into 3 tertiles according to the baseline incretin effect. The high-incretin effect group demonstrated a longitudinal increase in β cell function (disposition index, minimal model [DIMM]), with greater insulin sensitivity at follow-up and stable insulin secretion (φtotal). A lower incretin effect at baseline was associated with higher 1-hour and 2-hour glucose level at follow-up. The high-incretin effect group displayed a greater increase of GLP-17-36 than the moderate- and low-incretin group at baseline, while such a difference did not persist after 2 years. Glucagon suppression was reduced at follow-up in those with low-baseline incretin in respect to the high-incretin group. The incretin effect during pubertal transition affected the longitudinal trajectory of β cell function and weight in youths with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Galderisi
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Lat
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Samuels
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ram Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruth Rappaport Childrens’ Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michelle Van Name
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bridget Pierpont
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Bloomgarden ZT. The World Congress of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (WCIRDC). J Diabetes 2023; 15:4-6. [PMID: 36610044 PMCID: PMC9870730 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Li C, Ma J, Mali N, Zhang L, Wei T, Shi L, Liu F, WenXing F, Yang J. Relevance of the pyroptosis-related inflammasome drug targets in the Chuanxiong to improve diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med 2022; 28:136. [PMID: 36401196 PMCID: PMC9673343 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A chronic inflammatory disease caused by disturbances in metabolism, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in many inflammation-related diseases, including DN. Therefore, pyroptosis could be a promising target for DN therapy. Methods To get the components and pharmacodynamic targets of Chuanxiong, we identified by searching TCMID, TCMSP, ETCM and HERB databases. Then, from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and Gene Ontology (GO) database, pyroptosis genes were collected. Identification of critical genes in DN by bioinformatics analysis and then using the ConsensusClusterPlus package to divide the express data of diff genes into some subgroups with different levels of pyroptosis; the WGCNA machine algorithm was used to simulate the mechanism Chuanxiong improving DN. Results In this study, we found DHCR24, ANXA1, HMOX1, CDH13, ALDH1A1, LTF, CHI3L1, CACNB2, and MTHFD2 interacted with the diff genes of DN. We used GSE96804 as a validation set to evaluate the changes of APIP, CASP6, CHMP2B, CYCS, DPP8, and TP53 in four different cell proapoptotic states. WGCNA analysis showed that DHCR24, CHI3L1, and CACNB2 had significant changes in different cell proapoptotic levels. In the experimental stage, we also confirmed that the active ingredients of Chuanxiong could improve the inflammatory state and the levels of pyroptosis under high glucose. Conclusion The improvement of DN by Chuanxiong is related to the change of pyroptosis.
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