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Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy: Recent Advancements and Future Directions. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020255. [PMID: 36831798 PMCID: PMC9954679 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent, although neglected, complication of long-term diabetes. Nearly 30% of hospitalized and 20% of community-dwelling patients with diabetes suffer from DPN; the incidence rate is approximately 2% annually. To date, there has been no curable therapy for DPN. Under these circumstances, cell therapy may be a vital candidate for the treatment of DPN. The epidemiology, classification, and treatment options for DPN are disclosed in the current review. Cell-based therapies using bone marrow-derived cells, embryonic stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or dental pulp stem cells are our primary concern, which may be a useful treatment option to ease or to stop the progression of DPN. The importance of cryotherapies for treating DPN has been observed in several studies. These findings may help for the future researchers to establish more focused, accurate, effective, alternative, and safe therapy to reduce DPN. Cell-based therapy might be a permanent solution in the treatment and management of diabetes-induced neuropathy.
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Wang Q, Chen FY, Ling ZM, Su WF, Zhao YY, Chen G, Wei ZY. The Effect of Schwann Cells/Schwann Cell-Like Cells on Cell Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:836931. [PMID: 35350167 PMCID: PMC8957843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.836931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological issue that leads to sensory and motor disorders. Over time, the treatment for peripheral neuropathy has primarily focused on medications for specific symptoms and surgical techniques. Despite the different advantages of these treatments, functional recovery remains less than ideal. Schwann cells, as the primary glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, play crucial roles in physiological and pathological conditions by maintaining nerve structure and functions and secreting various signaling molecules and neurotrophic factors to support both axonal growth and myelination. In addition, stem cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells, skin precursor cells and neural stem cells, have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells to perform similar functions as Schwann cells. Therefore, accumulating evidence indicates that Schwann cell transplantation plays a crucial role in the resolution of peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the use of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation for different peripheral neuropathies and the potential role of promoting nerve repair and functional recovery. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation in future clinical applications. Together, these studies provide insights into the effect of Schwann cells/Schwann cell-like cells on cell therapy and uncover prospective therapeutic strategies for peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen,
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Zhong-Ya Wei,
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Recent Advances in Biomarkers and Regenerative Medicine for Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052301. [PMID: 33669048 PMCID: PMC7956542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. This complication is peripheral neuropathy with predominant sensory impairment, and its symptoms begin with hyperesthesia and pain and gradually become hypoesthesia with the loss of nerve fibers. In some cases, lower limb amputation occurs when hypoalgesia makes it impossible to be aware of trauma or mechanical stimuli. On the other hand, up to 50% of these complications are asymptomatic and tend to delay early detection. Therefore, sensitive and reliable biomarkers for diabetic neuropathy are needed for an early diagnosis of this condition. This review focuses on systemic biomarkers that may be useful at this time. It also describes research on the relationship between target gene polymorphisms and pathological conditions. Finally, we also introduce current information on regenerative therapy, which is expected to be a therapeutic approach when the pathological condition has progressed and nerve degeneration has been completed.
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Direct Comparison of Therapeutic Effects on Diabetic Polyneuropathy between Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Administration of Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Secreted Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176064. [PMID: 32842469 PMCID: PMC7503871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential novel therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are attractive stem cell sources because DPSCs can be isolated from extracted teeth and cryopreserved while retaining viability. In this study, we directly compared the efficacy of the transplantation of DPSCs and the administration of the secreted factors from DPSCs (DPSC-SFs) on diabetic polyneuropathy. Eight weeks after streptozotocin injection, DPSCs (1.0 × 106 cells/rat) or DPSC-SFs (1.0 mL/rat) were administered into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration did not affect blood glucose levels and body weights in the diabetic rats. Both DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration significantly ameliorated sciatic nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow, accompanied by increases in muscle bundle size, vascular density in the skeletal muscles and intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the diabetic rats, while there was no difference between the results for DPSCs and DPSC-SFs. These results suggest that the efficacy of both DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration for diabetic polyneuropathy four weeks after transplantation/administration was mainly due to the multiple secretomes secreted from transplanted DPSCs or directly injected DPSC-SFs in the early phase of transplantation/administration.
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Hata M, Omi M, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Ito M, Makino E, Kanada S, Saiki T, Ohno T, Imanishi Y, Himeno T, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Ozawa S, Miyazawa K, Kurita K, Goto S, Takebe J, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells ameliorates diabetic polyneuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice: the role of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:236. [PMID: 32546222 PMCID: PMC7298811 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have high proliferation and multi-differentiation capabilities that maintain their functionality after cryopreservation. In our previous study, we demonstrated that cryopreserved rat DPSCs improved diabetic polyneuropathy and that the efficacy of cryopreserved rat DPSCs was equivalent to that of freshly isolated rat DPSCs. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether transplantation of cryopreserved human DPSCs (hDPSCs) is also effective for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. METHODS hDPSCs were isolated from human impacted third molars being extracted for orthodontic reasons. Eight weeks after the induction of diabetes in nude mice, hDPSCs (1 × 105/limb) were unilaterally transplanted into the hindlimb skeletal muscle, and vehicle (saline) was injected into the opposite side as a control. The effects of hDPSCs were analyzed at 4 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS hDPSC transplantation significantly ameliorated reduced sensory perception thresholds, delayed nerve conduction velocity, and decreased the blood flow to the sciatic nerve in diabetic mice 4 weeks post-transplantation. Cultured hDPSCs secreted the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) proteins. A subset of the transplanted hDPSCs was localized around the muscle bundles and expressed the human VEGF and NGF genes at the transplanted site. The capillary/muscle bundle ratio was significantly increased on the hDPSC-transplanted side of the gastrocnemius muscles in diabetic mice. Neutralizing antibodies against VEGF and NGF negated the effects of hDPSC transplantation on the nerve conduction velocity in diabetic mice, suggesting that VEGF and NGF may play roles in the effects of hDPSC transplantation on diabetic polyneuropathy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that stem cell transplantation with hDPSCs may be efficacious in treating diabetic polyneuropathy via the angiogenic and neurotrophic mechanisms of hDPSC-secreted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Eriko Makino
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saki Kanada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Saiki
- Department of Pharmacy, Dental Hospital, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ohno
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Imanishi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan.
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Eleftheriadou I, Dimitrakopoulou N, Kafasi N, Tentolouris A, Dimitrakopoulou A, Anastasiou IA, Mourouzis I, Jude E, Tentolouris N. Endothelial progenitor cells and peripheral neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107517. [PMID: 31928893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine for differences in circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS A total of 105 participants were included: 50 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and DPN, 30 patients with T2DM without DPN and 25 healthy individuals. CPCs and 6 different EPCs phenotypes were assessed with flow cytometry. We also measured plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). RESULTS No difference was observed in the number of CPCs among the 3 groups. Patients with DPN had higher numbers of all 6 EPCs phenotypes when compared with patients without DPN and higher number of 5 EPCs phenotypes when compared with healthy individuals. Plasma VEFG, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and TNFa levels did not differ among the 3 groups. Patients with DPN had lower SDF-1 levels in comparison with healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Circulating EPCs are increased while SDF-1 levels are decreased in the presence of DPN. Our findings suggest that DPN may be associated with impaired trafficking of EPCs and impaired EPCs homing to the injured endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Natalia Dimitrakopoulou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolitsa Kafasi
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna A Anastasiou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Edward Jude
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-Under-Lyne, Lancashire, UK
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Miura‐Yura E, Tsunekawa S, Naruse K, Nakamura N, Motegi M, Nakai‐Shimoda H, Asano S, Kato M, Yamada Y, Izumoto‐Akita T, Yamamoto A, Himeno T, Kondo M, Kato Y, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Secreted factors from cultured dental pulp stem cells promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons and ameliorated neural functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:28-38. [PMID: 31144464 PMCID: PMC6944849 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Transplantation of stem cells promotes axonal regeneration and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we examined whether the secreted factors in conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) had beneficial effects on diabetic polyneuropathy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth was collected 48 h after culturing in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and separated into four fractions according to molecular weight. Dorsal root ganglion neurons from C57BL/6J mice were cultured with SHED-CM or DMEM to evaluate the effect on neurite outgrowth. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were injected with 100 μL of SHED-CM or DMEM into the unilateral hindlimb muscles twice a week over a period of 4 weeks. Peripheral nerve functions were evaluated by the plantar test, and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. Intraepidermal nerve fiber densities, capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio, capillary blood flow and morphometry of sural nerves were also evaluated. RESULTS Conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth significantly promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons compared with DMEM. Among four fractions of SHED-CM, the only fraction of <6 kDa promoted the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, SHED-CM significantly prevented decline in sensory nerve conduction velocities compared with DMEM in diabetic mice. Although SHED-CM did not improve intraepidermal nerve fiber densities or morphometry of sural nerves, SHED-CM ameliorated the capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio and capillary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SHED-CM might have a therapeutic effect on diabetic polyneuropathy through promoting neurite outgrowth, and the increase in capillaries might contribute to the improvement of neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri Miura‐Yura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mikio Motegi
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hiromi Nakai‐Shimoda
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Saeko Asano
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Takako Izumoto‐Akita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Oral HistologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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Karan A, Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Jayasuriya R, Sarada DVL, Ramkumar KM. The pivotal role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2019; 153:104601. [PMID: 31838079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key event in the onset and progression of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Regulation of endothelial function and the underlying signaling mechanisms in the progression of diabetes-induced vascular complications have been well established. Recent studies indicate that increased oxidative stress is an important determinant of endothelial injury and patients with hypertension display ED mediated by impaired Nitric Oxide (NO) availability. Further, oxidative stress is known to be associated with inflammation and ED in vascular remodeling and diabetes-associated hypertension. Numerous strategies have been developed to improve the function of endothelial cells and increasing number of evidences highlight the indispensable role of antioxidants in modulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation responses. Nuclear factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is the principal transcriptional regulator, that is central in mediating oxidative stress signal response. Having unequivocally established the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oxidative stress, the pivotal role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE network, has taken the center stage as target for developing therapies towards maintaining the cellular redox environment. Several activators of Nrf2 are known to combat diabetes-induced ED and few are currently in clinical trials. Focusing on their therapeutic value in diabetes-induced ED, this review highlights some natural and synthetic molecules that are involved in the modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE network and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of ED. Further emphasis is also laid on the therapeutic benefits of directly up-regulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defences in regulating endothelial redox homeostasis for countering diabetes-induced ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Karan
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elango Bhakkiyalakshmi
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Makino E, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Ito M, Kanada S, Hata M, Saiki T, Sango K, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Conditioned media from dental pulp stem cells improved diabetic polyneuropathy through anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and angiogenic actions: Cell-free regenerative medicine for diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1199-1208. [PMID: 30892819 PMCID: PMC6717901 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained from teeth for general orthodontic reasons. We have previously reported the therapeutic effects of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy. As abundant secretomes from DPSCs are considered to play a central role in the improvement of diabetic polyneuropathy, we investigated whether direct injection of DPSC-conditioned media (DPSC-CM) into hindlimb skeletal muscles ameliorates diabetic polyneuropathy in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS DPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of Sprague-Dawley rats. Eight weeks after the induction of diabetes, DPSC-CM was injected into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles in both normal and diabetic rats. The effects of DPSC-CM on diabetic polyneuropathy were assessed 4 weeks after DPSC-CM injection. To confirm the angiogenic effect of DPSC-CM, the effect of DPSC-CM on cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation was investigated. RESULTS The administration of DPSC-CM into the hindlimb skeletal muscles significantly ameliorated sciatic motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity, sciatic nerve blood flow and intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the footpads of diabetic rats. We also showed that DPSC-CM injection significantly increased the capillary density of the skeletal muscles, and suppressed pro-inflammatory reactions in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed that DPSC-CM significantly increased the proliferation of umbilical vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We showed that DPSC-CM injection into hindlimb skeletal muscles has a therapeutic effect on diabetic polyneuropathy through neuroprotective, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. DPSC-CM could be a novel cell-free regenerative medicine treatment for diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Makino
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mizuho Ito
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Saki Kanada
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable ProsthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Saiki
- Department of PharmacyDental HospitalAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve PathophysiologyTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteJapan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
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Karatan B, Akşam E, Erden E, Demirseren ME. Effects of adipose derived stromal vascular fraction on diabetic neuropathy: an experimental study. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2019; 53:335-340. [PMID: 31240978 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2019.1632205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained from inguinal adipose tissue was injected into the sciatic nerve region in diabetic rats. The effects of the SVF on the sciatic nerve and functional, electrophysiological and histopathological changes were examined in this study. Rats were divided into five groups; a non-diabetic control group, and four diabetic groups. In the first diabetic rat group, the SVF was obtained from inguinal adipose tissue. The remaining diabetic groups included a sham control group, a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection group and an SVF injection group. Injections were made into the sciatic nerve region. Electromyography and walking track analyses were conducted on all groups at the beginning of the experiment. Diabetes was induced via a single dose of streptozotocin. Walking track analysis and electromyography measurements were repeated in week 8. SVF or PBS was injected into the right sciatic nerve region on week 8 of experiment group rats. Walking track analysis and electromyography were repeated in week 12 and all sciatic nerves were examined histopathologically. In the diabetic SVF group, the sciatic functional index calculated from walking track analysis in week 12 was better than week 8. Additionally, the myelin sheaths of the right sciatic nerve were thicker and more uniform and the nerve fibers were thicker than those of the left, untreated sciatic nerve. No statistical differences were detected in electromyographic measurements. The adipose-derived SVF may be beneficial for nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Karatan
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akşam
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erden
- Pathology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erol Demirseren
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Bone Tissue Engineering Using Human Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Trends, Current Prospects, and Recommendations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of proper cells for bone tissue engineering remains a major challenge worldwide. Cells play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of the bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a large number of differentiated (somatic) and undifferentiated (stem) cells have been used for bone reconstruction alone or in combination with different biomaterials and constructs (e.g., scaffolds). Although the results of the cell transplantation without any supporting or adjuvant material have been very effective with regard to bone healing. Recent advances in bone scaffolding are now becoming new players affecting the osteogenic potential of cells. In the present study, we have critically reviewed all the currently used cell sources for bone reconstruction and discussed the new horizons that are opening up in the context of cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies.
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12
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Xie J, Rao N, Zhai Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Ge L, Wang Y. Therapeutic effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:38. [PMID: 31131042 PMCID: PMC6525430 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS The biological characteristics of SHED were identified by flow cytometric study and evaluation of differentiation potential. Using high-fat feeding, diabetes was induced in GK rats, and SHED were transplanted into the caudal veins of these rats. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to compare the capillary to muscle fiber ratio and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density between SHED- and saline-treated diabetic rats. Further, the expressions of angiogenesis-related and neurotrophic factors were quantified by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS SHED had a capacity of multiple differentiation and shared typical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. SHED transplantation relieved diabetic neuropathic pain, enabled functional recovery of the peripheral nerves, and increased the capillary to muscle fiber ratio and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density compared to the saline group and normal controls. Real-time PCR results showed that the expressions of CD31, vWF, bFGF, NGF, and NT-3 in the skeletal muscles were higher in the SHED group than in the saline groups. Western blot results indicated that the levels of the CD31 and NGF proteins were higher in the SHED transplantation group than the saline group. CONCLUSION SHED transplantation ameliorated diabetic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic GK rats. Thus, systemic application of SHED could be a novel strategy for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, #7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026 China
| | - Nanquan Rao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
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13
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Naruse K. Schwann Cells as Crucial Players in Diabetic Neuropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:345-356. [PMID: 31760655 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells maintain peripheral nerve structure and function by ensheathment of unmyelinated axons, myelination of myelinated axons, and secretion of neurotrophic factors, and these cells also play a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy. A decrease in unmyelinated and small myelinated axons appeared earlier than a decrease in large myelinated fibers in diabetic neuropathy. Electron microscopic studies of human diabetic neuropathy demonstrated edematous cell cytoplasm, aggregates of glycogen particles, and hyperplasia of the surrounding basal lamina in Schwann cells. Diabetic conditions also induces metabolic disorders, such as polyol pathway hyperactivity, activation of protein kinase C, and increased advanced glycosylation end products in Schwann cells, followed by the depletion of neurotrophic factor production.Cell transplantation using progenitor or stem cells is expected to cure diabetic neuropathy. Many studies demonstrated that the paracrine effect of abundant secreted factors from transplanted stem cells was crucial for the success of cell transplantation in diabetic neuropathy. Transplantation of progenitor or stem cells in diabetic animal models ameliorated impaired nerve conduction velocity, nerve blood flow, sensory disorders, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density, with an increase of myelin thickness. The supernatant from cultured dental pulp stem cells increased the proliferation and production of myelin-related protein in Schwann cells, suggesting that Schwann cells is the main target of cell transplantation for diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After a prolonged warm-up period of basic research, several modalities of cell replacement therapies are under development for diseases with no available cure. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic diabetes complications that causes sensorimotor dysfunction, subsequent high risks for lower limb amputations, and high mortality. Currently, no disease modifying therapy exists for DPN. RECENT FINDINGS Several types of well-documented stem/progenitor cells have been utilized for cell transplantation therapies in DPN model rodents: mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and cells with similar characteristics of MSCs or EPCs derived from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Some recent experimental studies reported that these immature cells may have beneficial effects on DPN. Although the role of nerve regeneration in the pathology of DPN has not been sufficiently elucidated, many intervention studies attempting regenerative therapy of DPN have been reported. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the potential of regeneration in reversing the pathology of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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15
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Omi M, Hata M, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Ozawa S, Nukada H, Tsukamoto M, Sango K, Himeno T, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Takebe J, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells improves long-term diabetic polyneuropathy together with improvement of nerve morphometrical evaluation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:279. [PMID: 29237486 PMCID: PMC5729514 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous reports have revealed the therapeutic potential of stem cell transplantation in diabetic polyneuropathy, the effects of cell transplantation on long-term diabetic polyneuropathy have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether the transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) ameliorated long-term diabetic polyneuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight weeks after STZ injection, we transplanted DPSCs into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles. Four weeks after DPSC transplantation (i.e., 52 weeks after STZ injection) the effects of DPSC transplantation on diabetic polyneuropathy were assessed. Results STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant reductions in the sciatic motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity, increases in the current perception threshold, and decreases in capillary density in skeletal muscles and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density compared with normal rats, all of which were ameliorated by DPSC transplantation. Furthermore, sural nerve morphometrical analysis revealed that the transplantation of DPSCs significantly increased the myelin thickness and area. DPSC-conditioned media promoted the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons and increased the viability and myelin-related protein expression of Schwann cells. Conclusions These results indicated that the transplantation of DPSCs contributed to the neurophysiological and neuropathological recovery from a long duration of diabetic polyneuropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0729-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nukada
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, PO Box 913, Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Masami Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Pathophysiology, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Pathophysiology, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan.
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16
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Wang S, Miao J, Qu M, Yang GY, Shen L. Adiponectin modulates the function of endothelial progenitor cells via AMPK/eNOS signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Datta I, Bhadri N, Shahani P, Majumdar D, Sowmithra S, Razdan R, Bhonde R. Functional recovery upon human dental pulp stem cell transplantation in a diabetic neuropathy rat model. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1208-1224. [PMID: 28864291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is among the most debilitating complications of diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic rats. Six weeks after STZ injection, DPSCs were transplanted through two routes, intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM), in single or two repeat doses. Two weeks after transplantation, a significant improvement in hyperalgesia, grip-strength, motor coordination and nerve conduction velocity was observed in comparison with controls. A rapid improvement in neuropathic symptoms was observed for a single dose of DPSC IV; however, repeat dose of DPSC IV did not bring about added improvement. A single dose of DPSC IM showed steady improvement, and further recovery continued upon repeat IM administration. DPSC single dose IV showed greater improvement than DPSC single dose IM, but IM transplantation brought about better improvement in body weight. A marked reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was observed in the blood plasma for all treated groups, as compared with controls. With respect to inflammatory cytokines, repeat dose of DPSC IM showed further improvement, suggesting that a repeat dose is required to maintain the improved inflammatory state. Gene expression of inflammatory markers in liver confirmed amelioration in inflammation. Arachidonic acid level was unaffected by IV DPSC transplantation but showed noticeable increase through IM administration of a repeat dose. These results suggest that DPSC transplantation through both routes and dosage was beneficial for the retrieval of neuropathic parameters of DN; transplantation via the IM route with repeat dose was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Naini Bhadri
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjana Majumdar
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmithra Sowmithra
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Bianconi V, Sahebkar A, Kovanen P, Bagaglia F, Ricciuti B, Calabrò P, Patti G, Pirro M. Endothelial and cardiac progenitor cells for cardiovascular repair: A controversial paradigm in cell therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:156-168. [PMID: 28827151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into cardiovascular cell lineages and to stimulate tissue regeneration in a paracrine/autocrine manner; thus, they have been extensively studied as candidate cell sources for cardiovascular regeneration. Several preclinical and clinical studies addressing the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in cardiovascular diseases have been performed. For instance, autologous EPC transplantation and EPC mobilization through pharmacological agents contributed to vascular repair and neovascularization in different animal models of limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. Also, CPC administration and in situ stimulation of resident CPCs have been shown to improve myocardial survival and function in experimental models of ischemic heart disease. However, clinical studies using EPC- and CPC-based therapeutic approaches have produced mixed results. In this regard, intracoronary, intra-myocardial or intramuscular injection of either bone marrow-derived or peripheral blood progenitor cells has improved pathological features of tissue ischemia in humans, despite modest or no clinical benefit has been observed in most cases. Also, the intriguing scientific background surrounding the potential clinical applications of EPC capture stenting is still waiting for a confirmatory proof. Moreover, clinical findings on the efficacy of CPC-based cell therapy in heart diseases are still very preliminary and based on small-size studies. Despite promising evidence, widespread clinical application of both EPCs and CPCs remains delayed due to several unresolved issues. The present review provides a summary of the different applications of EPCs and CPCs for cardiovascular cell therapy and underlies their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Division of Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Patti
- Unit of Cardiovascular Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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19
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Geng J, Wang L, Qu M, Song Y, Lin X, Chen Y, Mamtilahun M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang GY. Endothelial progenitor cells transplantation attenuated blood-brain barrier damage after ischemia in diabetic mice via HIF-1α. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:163. [PMID: 28697748 PMCID: PMC5505148 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood-brain barrier impairment is a major indicator of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Studies showed that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation promoted angiogenesis and improved function recovery after hind limb ischemia in diabetic mice. The effect of EPC transplantation on blood-brain barrier integrity after cerebral ischemia in diabetic animals is unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of EPC transplantation on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice. Methods EPCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and characterized by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Diabetes was induced in adult male C57BL/6 mice by a single injection of streptozotocin at 4 weeks before surgery. Diabetic mice underwent 90-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery and received 1 × 106 EPCs transplantation immediately after reperfusion. Brain infarct volume, blood-brain barrier permeability, tight junction protein expression, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA level were examined after treatment. Results We demonstrated that neurological deficits were attenuated and brain infarct volume was reduced in EPC-transplanted diabetic mice after transient cerebral ischemia compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Blood-brain barrier leakage and tight junction protein degradation were reduced in EPC-transplanted mice (p <0.05). EPCs upregulated HIF-1α expression while HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 abolished the beneficial effect of EPCs. Conclusions We conclude that EPCs protected blood-brain barrier integrity after focal ischemia in diabetic mice through upregulation of HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Geng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Meijie Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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20
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Chandramoorthy HC, Bin-Jaliah I, Karari H, Rajagopalan P, Ahmed Shariff ME, Al-Hakami A, Al-Humayad SM, Baptain FA, Ahmed HS, Yassin HZ, Haidara MA. MSCs ameliorates DPN induced cellular pathology via [Ca 2+ ] i homeostasis and scavenging the pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1330-1341. [PMID: 28500758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The MSCs of various origins are known to ameliorate or modulate cell survival strategies. We investigated, whether UCB MSCs could improve the survival of the human neuronal cells and/or fibroblast assaulted with DPN sera. The results showed, the co-culture of UCB MSCs with human neuronal cells and/or fibroblasts could effectively scavenge the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-ɤ and IL - 12 and control the pro-apoptotic expression of p53/Bax. Further co-culture of UCB MSCs have shown to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β and anti-apoptotic Bclxl/Bcl2 expression in the DPN sera stressed cells. Amelioration of elevated [Ca2+ ]i and cROS, the portent behind the NFκB/Caspase-3 mediated inflammation in DPN rescued the cells from apoptosis. The results of systemic administration of BM MSCs improved DPN pathology in rat as extrapolated from human cell model. The BM MSCs ameliorated prolonged distal motor latency (control: 0.70 ± 0.06, DPN: 1.29 ± 0.13 m/s DPN + BM MSCs: 0.89 ± 0.02 m/s, p < 0.05) and lowered high amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) (control: 12.36 ± 0.41, DPN: 7.52 ± 0.61 mV, DPN + MSCs: 8.79 ± 0.53 mV, p < 0.05), while slowly restoring the plasma glucose levels. Together, all these results showed that administration of BM or UCB MSCs improved the DPN via ameliorating pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling and [Ca2+ ]i homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussian Karari
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman M Al-Humayad
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzi A Baptain
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humeda Suekit Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Z Yassin
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hidmark A, Spanidis I, Fleming TH, Volk N, Eckstein V, Groener JB, Kopf S, Nawroth PP, Oikonomou D. Electrical Muscle Stimulation Induces an Increase of VEGFR2 on Circulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Patients With Diabetes. Clin Ther 2017; 39:1132-1144.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.05.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The Use of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal and Neural Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1960804. [PMID: 28458693 PMCID: PMC5387841 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1960804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow and blood can differentiate into endothelial cells and promote neovascularization. In addition, EPCs are a promising cell source for the repair of various types of vascularized tissues and have been used in animal experiments and clinical trials for tissue repair. In this review, we focused on the kinetics of endogenous EPCs during tissue repair and the application of EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs for tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal and neural tissues including the bone, skeletal muscle, ligaments, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. EPCs can be mobilized from bone marrow and recruited to injured tissue to contribute to neovascularization and tissue repair. In addition, EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs promote neovascularization and tissue repair through their differentiation to endothelial cells or tissue-specific cells, the upregulation of growth factors, and the induction and activation of endogenous stem cells. Human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells containing EPCs have been used in clinical trials of bone repair. Thus, EPCs are a promising cell source for the treatment of musculoskeletal and neural tissue injury.
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Abstract
Long-standing diabetes leads to structural and functional alterations in both the micro- and the macrovasculature. Designing therapies to repair these abnormalities present unique and sophisticated challenges. Vascular endothelial cells are the primary cells damaged by hyperglycemia-induced adverse effects. Vascular stem cells that give rise to endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells represent an attractive target for cell therapy for diabetic patients. In this review, we shed light on challenges and recent advances surrounding stem cell therapies for diabetes vascular complications and discuss limitations for their clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogher Khamaisi
- Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Ella Balanson
- Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Cengiz T, Kaya E, Oral DY, Ozakca I, Bayatli N, Karabay AZ, Ensari TA, Karahan T, Yilmaz E, Gur S. Intracavernous Injection of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Sex Med 2017; 14:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhao WN, Xu SQ, Liang JF, Peng L, Liu HL, Wang Z, Fang Q, Wang M, Yin WQ, Zhang WJ, Lou JN. Endothelial progenitor cells from human fetal aorta cure diabetic foot in a rat model. Metabolism 2016; 65:1755-1767. [PMID: 27832863 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence has suggested that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can repair the arterial endothelium during vascular injury. However, a reliable source of human EPCs is needed for therapeutic applications. In this study, we isolated human fetal aorta (HFA)-derived EPCs and analyzed the capacity of EPCs to differentiate into endothelial cells. In addition, because microvascular dysfunction is considered to be the major cause of diabetic foot (DF), we investigated whether transplantation of HFA-derived EPCs could treat DF in a rat model. METHODS EPCs were isolated from clinically aborted fetal aorta. RT-PCR, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunofluorescence, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine the expressions of CD133, CD34, CD31, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 (ELAM-1). Morphology and Dil-uptake were used to assess function of the EPCs. We then established a DF model by injecting microcarriers into the hind-limb arteries of Goto-Kakizaki rats and then transplanting the cultured EPCs into the ischemic hind limbs. Thermal infrared imaging, oxygen saturation apparatus, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were used to monitor the progression of the disease. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the microvascular tissue formed by HFA-derived EPCs. RESULTS We found that CD133, CD34, and VEGFR2 were expressed by HFA-derived EPCs. After VEGF induction, CD133 expression was significantly decreased, but expression levels of vWF and ELAM-1 were markedly increased. Furthermore, tube formation and Dil-uptake were improved after VEGF induction. These observations suggest that EPCs could differentiate into endothelial cells. In the DF model, temperature, blood flow, and oxygen saturation were reduced but recovered to a nearly normal level following injection of the EPCs in the hind limb. Ischemic symptoms also improved. Injected EPCs were preferentially and durably engrafted into the blood vessels. In addition, anti-human CD31+-AMA+-vWF+ microvasculars were detected after transplantation of EPCs. CONCLUSION Early fetal aorta-derived EPCs possess strong self-renewal ability and can differentiate into endothelial cells. We demonstrated for the first time that transplanting HFA-derived EPCs could ameliorate DF prognosis in a rat model. These findings suggest that the transplantation of HFA-derived EPCs could serve as an innovative therapeutic strategy for managing DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ni Zhao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qin Yin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Ning Lou
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Prospective Therapy for the Diabetic Foot. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4612167. [PMID: 27867398 PMCID: PMC5102750 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells are an abundant source of stem cells which occupy a special position in cell therapies, and recent studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells can play essential roles in treatments for the diabetic foot. Here, we discuss the advances that have been made in mesenchymal stem cell treatments for this condition. The roles and functional mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in the diabetic foot are also summarized, and insights into current and future studies are presented.
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Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication that emerges early in patients who have diabetes. Curative treatment for overt or symptomatic DPN has not been established, requiring much effort to explore new modalities. Thus, the use of various kinds of stem cells as a potential therapeutic option for DPN is of particular interest. The beneficial effects were proposed to be attributed to either cytokine released from transplanted stem cells or the differentiation of stem cells to substitute the damaged peripheral nerve. Furthermore, based on the concept that humoral factors secreted from stem cells play a pivotal role in tissue regeneration, the utilization of conditioned medium derived from the stem cell culture serves as a novel tool for regenerative therapy. However, many questions have not been yet answered to determine whether stem cell therapy is essential in clinical application of DPN. In this report, we review the current status of preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for DPN and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
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Liang L, Li Z, Ma T, Han Z, Du W, Geng J, Jia H, Zhao M, Wang J, Zhang B, Feng J, Zhao L, Rupin A, Wang Y, Han ZC. Transplantation of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Critical Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Nude Rats. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:45-61. [PMID: 27501782 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovasculogenesis induced by stem cell therapy is an innovative approach to improve critical limb ischemia (CLI) in diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates due to their angiogenic and immunomodulatory features. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic effects of human placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) on diabetic CLI, with or without exogenous insulin administration, and the underlying mechanism of any effect. A series of in vitro experiments were performed to assess the stemness and vasculogenic activity of P-MSCs. P-MSCs were intramuscularly injected at two different doses with and without the administration of insulin. The efficacy of P-MSC transplantation was evaluated by ischemia damage score, ambulatory score, laser Doppler perfusion image (LDPI), capillary, and vascular density. In vivo imaging was applied to track the implanted P-MSCs. In vivo differentiation and in situ secretion of angiogenic cytokines were determined. In vitro experimental outcomes showed the differentiation potential and potent paracrine effect of P-MSCs. P-MSCs survived in vivo for at least 3 weeks and led to the acceleration of ischemia recovery, due to newly formed capillaries, increased arterioles, and secretion of various proangiogenic factors. P-MSCs participate in angiogenesis and vascularization directly through differentiation and cytokine expression.
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Rahman MH, Jha MK, Kim JH, Nam Y, Lee MG, Go Y, Harris RA, Park DH, Kook H, Lee IK, Suk K. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6011-6025. [PMID: 26769971 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in diabetic neuropathy. Under diabetic conditions, the DRG is subjected to tissue ischemia or lower ambient oxygen tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. Metabolic dysfunctions have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse pain hypersensitivities. However, the contribution of diabetes-induced metabolic dysfunctions in the DRG to the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK2 and PDK4), key regulatory enzymes in glucose metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to painful diabetic neuropathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of Pdk2 and Pdk4 attenuated the hyperglycemia-induced pain hypersensitivity. Mechanistically, Pdk2/4 deficiency inhibited the diabetes-induced lactate surge, expression of pain-related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which probably accounts for the attenuated pain hypersensitivity. Pdk2/4-deficient mice were partly resistant to the diabetes-induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, lactic acid treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or lactic acid production substantially attenuated diabetes-induced pain hypersensitivity. Taken together, PDK2/4 induction and the subsequent lactate surge induce the metabolic shift in the diabetic DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibur Rahman
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program
| | - Maan Gee Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program
| | - Younghoon Go
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
| | - Robert A Harris
- the Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Dong Ho Park
- the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- the Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program,.
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Omi M, Hata M, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Kobayashi Y, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Ozawa S, Tanaka Y, Takebe J, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells suppressed inflammation in sciatic nerves by promoting macrophage polarization towards anti-inflammation phenotypes and ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:485-96. [PMID: 27181261 PMCID: PMC4931198 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are thought to be an attractive candidate for cell therapy. We recently reported that the transplantation of DPSCs increased nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DPSC transplantation on diabetic peripheral nerves. Materials and Methods DPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of Sprague–Dawley rats and expanded in culture. Eight weeks after the streptozotocin injection, DPSCs were transplanted into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles. Four weeks after DPSC transplantation, neurophysiological measurements, inflammatory gene expressions and the number of CD68‐positive cells in sciatic nerves were assessed. To confirm the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs, the effects of DPSC‐conditioned media on lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Results Diabetic rats showed significant delays in sciatic nerve conduction velocities and decreased sciatic nerve blood flow, all of which were ameliorated by DPSC transplantation. The number of CD68‐positive monocytes/macrophages and the gene expressions of M1 macrophage‐expressed cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β, were increased in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. DPSC transplantation significantly decreased monocytes/macrophages and tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger ribonucleic acid expression, and increased the gene expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. The in vitro study showed that DPSC‐conditioned media significantly increased the gene expressions of interleukin‐10 and CD206 in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These results suggest that DPSC transplantation promoted macrophages polarization towards anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes, which might be one of the therapeutic mechanisms for diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tanaka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Alvarado-Moreno JA, Hernandez-Lopez R, Chavez-Gonzalez A, Yoder MC, Rangel-Corona R, Isordia-Salas I, Hernandez-Juarez J, Cerbulo-Vazquez A, Gonzalez-Jimenez MA, Majluf-Cruz A. Endothelial colony-forming cells: Biological and functional abnormalities in patients with recurrent, unprovoked venous thromboembolic disease. Thromb Res 2015; 137:157-168. [PMID: 26597044 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component of the blood coagulation system because it maintains blood fluid. Because in patients with venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) a thrombophilic condition is not found sometimes, we investigated if endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from these patients have biological and functional abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Human mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from peripheral blood from patients with VTD and controls to obtain ECFCs. These cells were assayed for their immunophenotype and electron microscopy characteristics and their ability to form capillary-like structures and to produce pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS ECFCs appeared at 7 and 21 days of culture in VTD patients and controls, respectively. ECFCs increased 8-fold in patients and emerged 1 week earlier. No differences in the size of the colonies of ECFCs were found. Numbers and time of appearance of ECFCs was different between groups. ECFC-derived ECs (ECFC-ECs) of both groups expressed CD31, CD34, CD146, and CD-309 but none expressed CD45, CD14, or CD90. Interest CD34 was highly expressed in ECFC-ECs from patients. In both groups, ECFC-ECs showed similar capacity to form capillary-like structures but ECFC-ECs from patients had significant abnormalities in the mitochondrial membrane. We found a significant increase in ROS production in ECFC-ECs from patients. There were significant differences in cytokine profiles between VTD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS We found a dysfunctional state in ECFC from VTD patients resembling some characteristics of dysfunctional ECs. These findings may help to understand some pathophysiological aspects of VTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Alvarado-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Gabriel Mancera 222, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rubicel Hernandez-Lopez
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Gabriel Mancera 222, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Antonieta Chavez-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, CP 06700 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-W125, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Rosalva Rangel-Corona
- Laboratorio de Oncología Celular, L-4P.B, UMIE-Z, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n Esq. Fuerte de Loreto, Col. Ejercito de Oriente. C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Irma Isordia-Salas
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Gabriel Mancera 222, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jesus Hernandez-Juarez
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Gabriel Mancera 222, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Arturo Cerbulo-Vazquez
- Hospital de la Mujer, Division de Enseñanza e Investigacion, Salvador Diaz Miron 374, Col. Santo Tomas, Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marco Antonio Gonzalez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Torre de Investigacion, Montes Urales #800 Lomas Virreyes, CP11000 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Majluf-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, IMSS, Gabriel Mancera 222, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Are Endothelial Progenitor Cells the Real Solution for Cardiovascular Diseases? Focus on Controversies and Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:835934. [PMID: 26509164 PMCID: PMC4609774 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced knowledge in the field of stem cell biology and their ability to provide a cue for counteracting several diseases are leading numerous researchers to focus their attention on “regenerative medicine” as possible solutions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the lack of consistent evidence in this arena has hampered the clinical application. The same condition affects the research on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), creating more confusion than comprehension. In this review, this aspect is discussed with particular emphasis. In particular, we describe biology and physiology of EPCs, outline their clinical relevance as both new predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic CVD biomarkers and therapeutic agents, discuss advantages, disadvantages, and conflicting data about their use as possible solutions for vascular impairment and clinical applications, and finally underline a very crucial aspect of EPCs “characterization and definition,” which seems to be the real cause of large heterogeneity existing in literature data on this topic.
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33
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Abd-Elhalim DM, El-Wazir YM. Do the human umbilical cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells home in the pancreas and kidney of diabetic mice? Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Gandhi JK, Zivkovic L, Fisher JP, Yoder MC, Brey EM. Enhanced Viability of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells in Fibrin Microbeads for Sensor Vascularization. SENSORS 2015; 15:23886-902. [PMID: 26393602 PMCID: PMC4610420 DOI: 10.3390/s150923886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced vascularization at sensor interfaces can improve long-term function. Fibrin, a natural polymer, has shown promise as a biomaterial for sensor coating due to its ability to sustain endothelial cell growth and promote local vascularization. However, the culture of cells, particularly endothelial cells (EC), within 3D scaffolds for more than a few days is challenging due to rapid loss of EC viability. In this manuscript, a robust method for developing fibrin microbead scaffolds for long-term culture of encapsulated ECs is described. Fibrin microbeads are formed using sodium alginate as a structural template. The size, swelling and structural properties of the microbeads were varied with needle gauge and composition and concentration of the pre-gel solution. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were suspended in the fibrin beads and cultured within a perfusion bioreactor system. The perfusion bioreactor enhanced ECFCs viability and genome stability in fibrin beads relative to static culture. Perfusion bioreactors enable 3D culture of ECs within fibrin beads for potential application as a sensor coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarel K Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wishnick Hall 223, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| | - Lada Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wishnick Hall 223, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46201, USA.
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wishnick Hall 223, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
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35
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Hata M, Omi M, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura N, Tosaki T, Miyabe M, Kojima N, Kubo K, Ozawa S, Maeda H, Tanaka Y, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of cultured dental pulp stem cells into the skeletal muscles ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy: therapeutic plausibility of freshly isolated and cryopreserved dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26345292 PMCID: PMC4562193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells located in dental pulp and are thought to be a potential source for cell therapy since DPSCs can be easily obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Obtained DPSCs can be cryopreserved until necessary and thawed and expanded when needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy. Methods DPSCs isolated from the dental pulp of extracted incisors of Sprague–Dawley rats were partly frozen in a −80 °C freezer for 6 months. Cultured DPSCs were transplanted into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles 8 weeks after streptozotocine injection and the effects of DPSC transplantation were evaluated 4 weeks after the transplantation. Results Transplantation of DPSCs significantly improved the impaired sciatic nerve blood flow, sciatic motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity, capillary number to muscle fiber ratio and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in the transplanted side of diabetic rats. Cryopreservation of DPSCs did not impair their proliferative or differential ability. The transplantation of cryopreserved DPSCs ameliorated sciatic nerve blood flow and sciatic nerve conduction velocity as well as freshly isolated DPSCs. Conclusions We demonstrated the effectiveness of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy even when using cryopreserved DPSCs, suggesting that the transplantation of DPSCs could be a promising tool for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0156-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tosaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Norinaga Kojima
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Kubo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Tanaka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Diabetes and stem cell function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:592915. [PMID: 26075247 PMCID: PMC4449886 DOI: 10.1155/2015/592915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common serious metabolic diseases that results in hyperglycemia due to defects of insulin secretion or insulin action or both. The present review focuses on the alterations to the diabetic neuronal tissues and skeletal muscle, including stem cells in both tissues, and the preventive effects of physical activity on diabetes. Diabetes is associated with various nervous disorders, such as cognitive deficits, depression, and Alzheimer's disease, and that may be caused by neural stem cell dysfunction. Additionally, diabetes induces skeletal muscle atrophy, the impairment of energy metabolism, and muscle weakness. Similar to neural stem cells, the proliferation and differentiation are attenuated in skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells. However, physical activity is very useful for preventing the diabetic alteration to the neuronal tissues and skeletal muscle. Physical activity improves neurogenic capacity of neural stem cells and the proliferative and differentiative abilities of satellite cells. The present review proposes physical activity as a useful measure for the patients in diabetes to improve the physiological functions and to maintain their quality of life. It further discusses the use of stem cell-based approaches in the context of diabetes treatment.
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Xia N, Xu JM, Zhao N, Zhao QS, Li M, Cheng ZF. Human mesenchymal stem cells improve the neurodegeneration of femoral nerve in a diabetic foot ulceration rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 597:84-9. [PMID: 25916880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy is observed in 50% of diabetic patients with diabetic foot. This study attempted to explore the potential role of human mesenchymal stem cells-umbilical cord blood (hMSCs-UC) in femoral nerve (FN) neuropathy. The model rats were established by one time administration of streptozotocin and empyrosis on the dorsal hind foot. At 3d, 7d, 14d after treatment with hMSCs-UC or saline through left femoral artery, the serum NGF was examined by ELISA; NF-200 expression in FN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry; the diameter and roundness of FN, the ratio of capillary and muscular fiber of gastrocnemius were calculated under light microscope; and neuronal degenerations, such as demyelization, axonal atrophy, and loose arrangement of nerve fibers, were observed by electronic microscope. The results showed that, in hMSCs-UC-treated model rats, serum NGF was increased with higher positive rate of NF-200. Although the difference in FN diameters was not established among groups, improvement of roundness of FN was confirmed with increase in the numbers of capillary in FN-innervated gastrocnemius; additionally, degenerative neuropathy was significantly improved. Importantly, the functional study of electroneurogram (ENG) showed that, slowed conduction of FN in model rats was significantly restored by hMSCs-CU treatment. These data suggested that hMSCs-UC-treatment partially reverse the neuronal degeneration and nerve function of FN, which might be contributed by the upregulation of NGF with dramatic angiogenesis in FN-innervated gastrocnemius, consequently reversing neuronal structure and function, preventing or curing foot ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Mei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Himeno T, Kamiya H, Naruse K, Cheng Z, Ito S, Shibata T, Kondo M, Kato J, Okawa T, Fujiya A, Suzuki H, Kito T, Hamada Y, Oiso Y, Isobe K, Nakamura J. Angioblast Derived from ES Cells Construct Blood Vessels and Ameliorate Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:257230. [PMID: 25977928 PMCID: PMC4419216 DOI: 10.1155/2015/257230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous reports addressing pathological involvements of diabetic polyneuropathy have been conducted, a universally effective treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy has not yet been established. Recently, regenerative medicine studies in diabetic polyneuropathy using somatic stem/progenitor cell have been reported. However, the effectiveness of these cell transplantations was restricted because of their functional and numerical impairment in diabetic objects. Here, we investigated the efficacy of treatment for diabetic polyneuropathy using angioblast-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Angioblast-like cells were obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells and transplantation of these cells improved several physiological impairments in diabetic polyneuropathy: hypoalgesia, delayed nerve conduction velocities, and reduced blood flow in sciatic nerve and plantar skin. Furthermore, pathologically, the capillary number to muscle fiber ratios were increased in skeletal muscles of transplanted hindlimbs, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities were ameliorated in transplanted plantar skin. Transplanted cells maintained their viabilities and differentiated to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells around the injection sites. Moreover, several transplanted cells constructed chimeric blood vessels with recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that transplantation of angioblast like cells induced from embryonic stem cells appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
- *Hideki Kamiya:
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taiga Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Kondo M, Kamiya H, Himeno T, Naruse K, Nakashima E, Watarai A, Shibata T, Tosaki T, Kato J, Okawa T, Hamada Y, Isobe KI, Oiso Y, Nakamura J. Therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in diabetic polyneuropathy is impaired with aging or diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 6:140-9. [PMID: 25802721 PMCID: PMC4364848 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Recent studies have shown that cell transplantation therapies, such as endothelial precursor cells, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells, are effective on diabetic polyneuropathy through ameliorating impaired nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. Here, we investigated the effects of BM-MNCs transplantation in diabetic polyneuropathy using BM-MNCs derived from adult (16-week-old) diabetic (AD), adult non-diabetic (AN) or young (8-week-old) non-diabetic (YN) rats. Materials and Methods BM-MNCs of AD and AN were isolated after an 8-week diabetes duration. The BM-MNCs were characterized using flow cytometry analysis of cell surface markers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of several cytokines. BM-MNCs or saline were injected into hind limb muscles. Four weeks later, the thermal plantar test, nerve conduction velocity, blood flow of the sciatic nerve and capillary-to-muscle fiber ratio were evaluated. Results The number of CD29+/CD90+ cells that host mesenchymal stem cells in BM-MNCs decreased in AD compared with AN or YN, and transcript expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor in BM-MNCs decreased in AD compared with AN or YN. Impaired thermal sensation, decreased blood flow of the sciatic nerve and delayed nerve conduction velocity in 8-week-diabetic rats were significantly ameliorated by BM-MNCs derived from YN, whereas BM-MNCs from AD or AN rats did not show any beneficial effect in these functional tests. Conclusions These results show that cytokine production abilities and the mesenchymal stem cell population of BM-MNCs would be modified by aging and metabolic changes in diabetes, and that these differences could explain the disparity of the therapeutic efficacy of BM-MNCs between young and adult or diabetic and non-diabetic patients in diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kondo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan ; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan ; Department of CKD Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eitaro Nakashima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Watarai
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiga Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tosaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
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Zhu D, Wallace EM, Lim R. Cell-based therapies for the preterm infant. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1614-28. [PMID: 25154811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The severely preterm infant receives a multitude of life-saving interventions, many of which carry risks of serious side effects. Cell therapy is an important and promising arm of regenerative medicine that may address a number of these problems. Most forms of cellular therapy use stem/progenitor cells or stem-like cells, which have the capacity to migrate, engraft and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Although some of these cell-based therapies have made their way to clinical trials in adults, little headway has been made in the neonatal patient group. This review discusses the efficacy of cell therapy in preclinical studies to date and their potential applications to diseases that afflict many prematurely born infants. Specifically, we identify the major hurdles that must be overcome before cell therapies can be safely used in the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Matsumoto T, Mugishima H. Non-hematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 2:83-9. [PMID: 24855525 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2009.2.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has been used to treat a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Recent studies show convincing evidence that UCB contains not only hematopoietic progenitors, but also several types of stem and progenitor cells providing a high proliferative capacity and a variety of differentiation potentials. UCB-derived cells offer multiple advantages over adult stem cells from other sources like bone marrow (BM), because UCB can be collected without painful procedure, easily available in virtually unlimited supply, and has not been exposed to immunologic challenge. In addition, cord blood transplantation is now an established field with great potential and no serious ethical issue by establishment of public UCB banks throughout the world. Therefore UCB-derived non-hematopoietic stem cells may provide an attractive cell source for tissue repair and regeneration. It is generally accepted that UCB contains endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL), multilineage progenitor cells (MLPC), and neuronal progenitor cells. This review focuses on biological properties of these non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from human UCB and their potential use in cell based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, School of Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mugishima
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakamura N, Naruse K, Kobayashi Y, Matsuki T, Hamada Y, Nakashima E, Kamiya H, Hata M, Nishikawa T, Enomoto A, Takahashi M, Murohara T, Matsubara T, Oiso Y, Nakamura J. High glucose impairs the proliferation and increases the apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells by suppression of Akt. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 2:262-70. [PMID: 24843496 PMCID: PMC4014965 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play a critical role in adult vasculogenesis and vascular repair. Previous studies have described the dysfunction of EPC in diabetic patients, but the precise mechanism is still unclear. To elucidate the dysfunction of EPC in diabetic patients, we investigated the functions and intracellular signaling of EPC under normal or high glucose conditions. We also examined the number of EPC in the peripheral blood of Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPC were cultured with normal or high glucose. Subsequently, the proliferation and the apoptosis of EPC were assessed in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The phosphorylation of Akt was assessed by western blot analyses. We compared the number of CD34(+)CD45(low) progenitor cells, which is considered as a marker of EPC in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects, using flow cytometry. RESULTS High glucose decreased the proliferation of EPC and increased the number of apoptotic cells. VEGF significantly increased the proliferation and suppressed the apoptosis of EPC, both of which were abolished by PI 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002. High glucose significantly suppressed the basal and VEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in EPC. Furthermore, the number of circulating EPC was decreased in type 2 diabetic patients, although there were no significant differences in the serum levels of VEGF between control subjects and diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high glucose impairs the functions of EPC through the suppression of Akt phosphorylation stimulated by VEGF. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00093.x, 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University ; Endocrinology and Diabetes
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
| | | | | | | | - Hideki Kamiya
- CKD Initiatives, Nagoya University School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
| | - Toru Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
| | | | | | | | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
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Yu T, Li L, Bi Y, Liu Z, Liu H, Li Z. Erythropoietin attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1150-60. [PMID: 24673486 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High glucose-evoked oxidative stress and apoptosis within Schwann cells (SCs) are mechanisms facilitating the procession of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Although erythropoietin (EPO) was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of EPO on glucose-evoked oxidative stress and apoptosis of SCs remain unknown. METHODS Primary cultured SCs isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathic rats and normal control rats were exposed to high or normal glucose condition with or without EPO incubation for 72 h. Cell viability, apoptotic rate, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, total glutathione (GSH) level, EPO mRNA and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) mRNA levels were assayed. KEY FINDINGS SCs from diabetic rats showed a lower cell viability and a higher apoptotic rate. High glucose culture condition elevated ROS level and diminished total GSH level of SCs. EPO improved cell viability and decreased cell apoptotic rate of SCs. EPO also elevated total GSH level and decreased intracellular ROS level. SCs from diabetic rats exhibited higher EPO mRNA and EPOR mRNA levels than SCs from normal control rats. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study offered fresh viewpoints for interpreting the pathogenesis of DPN and novel pharmacological principles implicit in the therapeutic effect of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, China
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Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived CD34-Positive Endothelial Progenitor Cells Stimulate Osteoblastic Differentiation of Cultured Human Periosteal-Derived Osteoblasts. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:940-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Fadini GP. A reappraisal of the role of circulating (progenitor) cells in the pathobiology of diabetic complications. Diabetologia 2014; 57:4-15. [PMID: 24173366 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the development of diabetic complications has been attributed to the biochemical pathways driving hyperglycaemic cell damage, while reparatory mechanisms have been long overlooked. A more comprehensive view of the balance between damage and repair suggests that an impaired regenerative capacity of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells strongly contributes to defective re-endothelisation and neoangiogenesis in diabetes. Although recent technological advances have redefined the biology and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), interest in BM-derived vasculotropic cells in the setting of diabetes and its complications remains high. Several circulating cell types of haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic origin are affected by diabetes and are potentially involved in the pathobiology of chronic complications. In addition to classical EPCs, these include circulating (pro-)angiogenic cells, polarised monocytes/macrophages (M1 and M2), myeloid calcifying cells and smooth muscle progenitor cells, having disparate roles in vascular biology. In parallel with the study of elusive progenitor cell phenotypes, it has been recognised that diabetes induces a profound remodelling of the BM stem cell niche. The alteration of circulating (progenitor) cells in the BM is now believed to be the link among distant end-organ complications. The field is rapidly evolving and interest is shifting from specific cell populations to the complex network of interactions that orchestrate trafficking of circulating vasculotropic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35100, Padova, Italy,
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Mizukami H, Yagihashi S. Exploring a new therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy - the application of stem cell transplantation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 24782826 PMCID: PMC3988365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication that emerges early in diabetic patients. Intervention with strict blood glucose control or treatment with aldose reductase inhibitor is reported to be effective in early stages of DPN. Curative treatment for overt or symptomatic DPN, however, has not been established, thus requiring much effort to explore a new therapy. Recent preclinical studies on the use of gene or cell therapy have provided promising results in the treatment of DPN. Of particular interest, induced pluripotent stem cells are introduced. In these studies, restoration of DPN was proposed to be attributed to either neurotrophic factors released from transplanted stem cells or differentiation of stem cells to substitute the damaged peripheral nerve. There are still several problems, however, that remain to be overcome, such as perturbed function, fragility, or limited survival of transplanted cells in diabetes milieu and risk for malignant transformation of transplanted cells. Questions, which cell is the most appropriate as the source for cell therapy, or which site is the best for transplantation to obtain the most effective results, remain to be answered. In this communication, we overview the current status of preclinical studies on the cell therapy for DPN and discuss the future prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroki Mizukami, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan e-mail:
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Mesenchymal stem cell-like cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells ameliorate diabetic polyneuropathy in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:259187. [PMID: 24319678 PMCID: PMC3844199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/259187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. Although pathological involvements of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) have been reported, no dependable treatment of DPN has been achieved. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate DPN. Here we demonstrate a differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into MSC-like cells and investigate the therapeutic potential of the MSC-like cell transplantation on DPN. Research Design and Methods. For induction into MSC-like cells, GFP-expressing iPSCs were cultured with retinoic acid, followed by adherent culture for 4 months. The MSC-like cells, characterized with flow cytometry and RT-PCR analyses, were transplanted into muscles of streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Three weeks after the transplantation, neurophysiological functions were evaluated. Results. The MSC-like cells expressed MSC markers and angiogenic/neurotrophic factors. The transplanted cells resided in hindlimb muscles and peripheral nerves, and some transplanted cells expressed S100β in the nerves. Impairments of current perception thresholds, nerve conduction velocities, and plantar skin blood flow in the diabetic mice were ameliorated in limbs with the transplanted cells. The capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratios were increased in transplanted hindlimbs of diabetic mice. Conclusions. These results suggest that MSC-like cell transplantation might have therapeutic effects on DPN through secreting angiogenic/neurotrophic factors and differentiation to Schwann cell-like cells.
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Okawa T, Kamiya H, Himeno T, Kato J, Seino Y, Fujiya A, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Naruse K, Hamada Y, Ozaki N, Cheng Z, Kito T, Suzuki H, Ito S, Oiso Y, Nakamura J, Isobe KI. Transplantation of Neural Crest-Like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Improves Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1767-83. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired vascularity and nerve degeneration are the most important pathophysiological abnormalities of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Therefore, regeneration of both the vascular and nervous systems is required for the treatment of DPN. The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that differentiates into a vast range of cells, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of transplantation of NC-like (NCL) cells derived from aged mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the treatment of DPN. iPS cells were induced to differentiate into neural cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) and subsequently supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 to promote differentiation of NC lineage. After the induction, p75 neurotrophin receptor-positive NCL cells were purified using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Sorted NCL cells differentiated to peripheral neurons, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells by additional SDIA. NCL cells were transplanted into hind limb skeletal muscles of 16-week streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Nerve conduction velocity, current perception threshold, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, sensitivity to thermal stimuli, sciatic nerve blood flow, plantar skin blood flow, and capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio were evaluated. Four weeks after transplantation, the engrafted cells produced growth factors: nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. It was also confirmed that some engrafted cells differentiated into vascular smooth muscle cells or Schwann cell-like cells at each intrinsic site. The transplantation improved the impaired nerve and vascular functions. These results suggest that transplantation of NCL cells derived from iPS cells could have therapeutic effects on DPN through paracrine actions of growth factors and differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Synergistic vasculogenic effects of AMD3100 and stromal-cell-derived factor-1α in vasa nervorum of the sciatic nerve of mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:395-407. [PMID: 23942895 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, such treatment might be limited by safety concerns regarding possible unwanted proliferation or differentiation of the transplanted stem cells. An alternative approach is the stimulation of endogenous bone-marrow-derived EPC (BM-EPC) recruitment into ischemic lesions by the administration of stem cell mobilization agents or chemokines. We first tested the EPC mobilization effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and AMD3100 in a mouse model of diabetes and found that AMD3100 was effective as an EPC mobilization agent, whereas VEGF did not increase circulating EPCs in these animals. Because recent studies have suggested that deceased local expression of stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α in diabetes is the main cause of defective EPC migration, AMD3100 was administrated systemically to stimulate EPC mobilization and SDF-1α was injected locally to enhance its migration into the streptozotocin-induced DN mice model. This combined therapy increased local expression levels of vasculogenesis-associated factors and newly formed endothelial cells in the sciatic nerve, resulting in the restoration of the sciatic vasa nervorum. The treatment also improved the impaired conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve in DN mice. Thus, AMD3100 might be an effective EPC mobilization agent in diabetes, with local SDF-1α injection synergistically increasing vascularity in diabetic nerves. This represents a novel potential therapeutic option for DN patients.
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Bertanha M, Moroz A, Almeida R, Alves FC, Acorci Valério MJ, Moura R, Domingues MAC, Sobreira ML, Deffune E. Tissue-engineered blood vessel substitute by reconstruction of endothelium using mesenchymal stem cells induced by platelet growth factors. J Vasc Surg 2013; 59:1677-85. [PMID: 23830317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases remain leaders as the major causes of mortality in Western society. Restoration of the circulation through construction of bypass surgical treatment is regarded as the gold standard treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and grafts are necessary for this purpose. The great saphenous vein is often not available and synthetic grafts have their limitations. Therefore, new techniques to produce alternative grafts have been developed and, in this sense, tissue engineering is a promising alternative to provide biocompatible grafts. This study objective was to reconstruct the endothelium layer of decellularized vein scaffolds, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors obtained from platelets. METHODS Fifteen nonpregnant female adult rabbits were used for all experiments. Adipose tissue and vena cava were obtained and subjected to MSCs isolation and tissue decellularization, respectively. MSCs were subjected to differentiation using endothelial inductor growth factor (EIGF) obtained from human platelet lysates. Immunofluorescence, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were employed for the final characterization of the obtained blood vessel substitute. RESULTS The scaffolds were successfully decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. MSCs actively adhered at the scaffolds, and through stimulation with EIGF were differentiated into functional endothelial cells, secreting significantly higher quantities of von Willebrand factor (0.85 μg/mL; P < .05) than cells cultivated under the same conditions, without EIGF (0.085 μg/mL). Cells with evident morphologic characteristics of endothelium were seen at the lumen of the scaffolds. These cells also stained positive for fascin protein, which is highly expressed by differentiated endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the use of decellularized bioscaffold and subcutaneous MSCs seems to be a potential approach to obtain bioengineered blood vessels, in the presence of EIGF supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bertanha
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flavia Cilene Alves
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Michele Janegitz Acorci Valério
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Regina Moura
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Marcone Lima Sobreira
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Vascular Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Urology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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