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Ghodsi S, Shekarian M, Aghamohseni MM, Rasaeipour S, Arzani S. Resin cement selection for different types of fixed partial coverage restorations: A narrative systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:1096-1111. [PMID: 37427500 PMCID: PMC10728549 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of restorations or restorative materials affect the type of selected resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search (1991-2023) was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases by combinations of related keywords. RESULTS A total of 68 articles were included to review the selection criteria based on the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and performance of resin cements for different types of PCRs. CONCLUSIONS The survival and success of PCRs are largely affected by appropriate cement selection. Self-curing and dual-curing resin cements have been recommended for the cementation of metallic PCRs. The PCRs fabricated from thin, translucent, and low-strength ceramics could be adhesively bonded by light-cure conventional resin cements. Self-etching and self-adhesive cements, especially dual-cure types, are not generally indicated for laminate veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Ghodsi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of ProsthodonticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Shekarian
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of DentistryIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Sasan Rasaeipour
- Fellowship in Implant DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sarah Arzani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Borges LPS, Borges GA, Correr AB, Platt JA, Kina S, Correr-Sobrinho L, Costa AR. Effect of lithium disilicate ceramic thickness, shade and translucency on transmitted irradiance and knoop microhardness of a light cured luting resin cement. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:90. [PMID: 34338911 PMCID: PMC8328902 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluates the influence of pressed lithium disilicate thickness, shade and translucency on the transmitted irradiance and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of a light-cured resin cement at two depths. One hundred and thirty-five ceramic discs of IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated and divided into twenty-seven groups (n = 5) according to the association between translucency: HT (hight translucency), LT (low translucency), and MO (medium opacity); shade: BL2, A1 and A3.5; and thickness: 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm. One side of each ceramic disc was finished, polished and glazed. The irradiance (mW/cm²) of a multiwave LED light curing unit (Valo, Ultradent) was evaluated with a potentiometer (Ophir 10ª-V2-SH, Ophir Optronics) without (control group) or with interposition of ceramic samples. The microhardness of Variolink Esthetic LC resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent) was evaluated after 24 h at two depths (100 μm and 700 μm). Data were submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Irradiance and KHN were significantly influenced by ceramic thickness (p < 0.0001), shade (p < 0.001), translucency (p < 0.0001) and depth (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: the interposition of increasing ceramic thicknesses significantly reduced the irradiance and microhardness of resin cement. Increased depth in the resin cement showed significantly reduced microhardness for all studied groups. Increased ceramic opacity reduced the KHN of the resin cement at both depths for all ceramic thicknesses and shades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Pires Silva Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Antônio Borges
- Department of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Associate Professor of Dental Materials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sidney Kina
- Associate Professor, Kina Essential Balance Institute, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rosa Costa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Li Q, Lin HL, Zheng M, Ozcan M, Yu H. Minimum Radiant Exposure and Irradiance for Triggering Adequate Polymerization of a Photo-Polymerized Resin Cement. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092341. [PMID: 33946389 PMCID: PMC8124640 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the minimum radiant exposure and irradiance to trigger an adequate polymerization of a photo-polymerized resin cement. In total, 220 disc-shaped specimens (diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 0.1 mm) were fabricated using a photo-polymerized resin cement (Variolink N-transparent, Ivoclar Vivadent). To investigate the minimum radiant exposure, the specimens were polymerized with radiant exposures of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 18 J/cm2 (n = 20). During polymerization, the irradiance was maintained at 200 mW/cm2. To investigate the minimum irradiance, the specimens were polymerized with irradiances of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mW/cm2 (n = 20). During polymerization, the radiant exposure was maintained at the previously determined minimum radiant exposure. The Vickers microhardness (HV) and degree of conversion (DC) of the carbon double bond of the specimens were measured to determine the degree of polymerization of the specimens. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). In the investigation of the minimum radiant exposure, the HV and DC of the specimens polymerized with a radiant exposure from 1 to 5 J/cm2 were significantly lower than those with 18 J/cm2 (all p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in HV and DC was found between the specimens polymerized with 6 J/cm2 and 18 J/cm2 (p > 0.05). In the investigation of the minimum irradiance, the specimens polymerized with an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2 had significantly lower HV and DC than the specimens polymerized with an irradiance of 200 mW/cm2 (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in the HV and DC was found among the specimens cured with irradiances of 100, 150, and 200 mW/cm2 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the minimum radiant exposure and irradiance to trigger an adequate polymerization of the light-cured resin cement were 6 J/cm2 and 100 mW/cm2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Q.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Hong-Lei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Q.L.); (H.-L.L.)
| | - Ming Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Q.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); or (H.Y.)
| | - Mutlu Ozcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Q.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); or (H.Y.)
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Ansarifard E, Panbehzan Z, Giti R. Evaluation of microhardness and water sorption/solubility of dual-cure resin cement through monolithic zirconia in different shades. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 21:50-56. [PMID: 33835068 PMCID: PMC8061437 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_284_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective is to evaluate the effect of shades of monolithic zirconia on the microhardness and sorption/solubility of the underlying two dual-cured resin types of cement. Materials and Methods: Eighty samples of two dual-cured resin cement discs were polymerized under 60 monolithic zirconia discs in three shades and directly activated resin discs of cement were used as the control group (n = 10). After 24 h storage at 37°C in an incubator, Vickers microhardness and the sorption and solubility were measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Two-way ANOVA , one-way ANOVA, Independent t-test, Tukey's honestly significant difference, and Tamhane's T2 tests. Results: The mean microhardness of the Variolink N resin cements were significantly higher than Panavia SA ones (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Variolink N cements exhibited lower sorption/solubility than Panavia SA resin cements (both P < 0.05). The ceramic shade had a significant influence on the microhardness of both cements (P < 0.001) but had no significant effect on the sorption/solubility of resin cements (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Interposition of monolithic zirconia decreases the microhardness of resin cement especially Panavia SA. In Variolink N, by increasing the chroma saturation of ceramics, the microhardness decreased, however in Panavia SA, it was altered by the shades, but not in a specific pattern. For both cements, there were no statistical differences between the sorption/solubility of samples photo-cured under different shades. There was a reverse correlation between microhardness and water sorption/solubility of both cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ansarifard
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Panbehzan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mendonça LMD, Ramalho IS, Lima LASN, Pires LA, Pegoraro TA, Pegoraro LF. Influence of the composition and shades of ceramics on light transmission and degree of conversion of dual-cured resin cements. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180351. [PMID: 31365707 PMCID: PMC6690711 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the transmittance of ceramics can influence the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements, ceramics composition and shade should be considered in the selection of resin cement. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of the transmittance of different composition, opacities and shades of ceramics on the degree of conversion of two dual-cured resin cements. Methodology Sixty discs were prepared from low translucency (LT) and medium opacity (MO) lithium disilicate ceramic, and zirconia ceramic (Z). Each group was subdivided into 5 subgroups (n=4) in shades A2, A3.5, B2, C2 and D3. The transmittance measurement was performed in a spectrophotometer. The Variolink II and Rely X U200 resin cements were photoactivated by LED (1400 mW/cm2) for 40 s through the ceramic discs and without the discs (control group). The DC was measured with infrared FTIR spectroscopy, immediately after light activation. Data were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and one-way ANOVA, following post-hoc comparisons by Tukey test and Pearson’s correlation test (P<0.05). Results LT ceramic exhibited higher transmittance values compared to MO and Z ceramics. LTA2 and LTB2 showed statistically higher transmittance values compared to MOA2, MOA3.5 and ZA3.5. For Variolink II, the ceramic interposition did not influence the DC, since there were no statistical differences between groups with ceramic interposition and the control group. For Rely X U200 cement, the interposition of some ceramics types/shades (LTA3.5, MOA2, MOA3.5 and ZA3.5) significantly decreased the DC values compared to control group. A positive correlation was found between the ceramic transmittance and DC values of both tested cements. Conclusions. The transmittance and DC values of the cements were influenced by composition and shades of the ceramics. The higher the transmittance of ceramics, the higher the DC values for both cements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilana Santos Ramalho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Laís Alcântara Pires
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thiago Amadei Pegoraro
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Prótese, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando Pegoraro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departmento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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Jafari Z, Alaghehmand H, Samani Y, Mahdian M, Khafri S. Light transmittance of CAD/CAM ceramics with different shades and thicknesses and microhardness of the underlying light-cured resin cement. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e27. [PMID: 30135846 PMCID: PMC6103544 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the thickness and shade of 3 types of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Materials and Methods A total of 120 specimens of 2 shades (A1 and A3) and 2 thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were fabricated using VITA Mark II (VM; VITA Zahnfabrik), IPS e.max CAD (IE; IvoclarVivadent), and VITA Suprinity (VS; VITA Zahnfabrik) (n = 10 per subgroup). The amount of light transmission through the ceramic specimens was measured by a radiometer (Optilux, Kerr). Light-cured resin cement samples (Choice 2, Bisco) were fabricated in a Teflon mold and activated through the various ceramics with different shades and thicknesses using an LED unit (Bluephase, IvoclarVivadent). In the control group, the resin cement sample was directly light-cured without any ceramic. Vickers microhardness indentations were made on the resin surfaces (KoopaPazhoohesh) after 24 hours of dark storage in a 37°C incubator. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Ceramic thickness and shade had significant effects on light transmission and the microhardness of all specimens (p < 0.05). The mean values of light transmittance and microhardness of the resin cement in the VM group were significantly higher than those observed in the IE and VS groups. The lowest microhardness was observed in the VS group, due to the lowest level of light transmission (p < 0.05). Conclusion Greater thickness and darker shades of the 3 types of CAD/CAM ceramics significantly decreased the microhardness of the underlying resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yasaman Samani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Mahdian
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Klein-Júnior CA, Zimmer R, Hentschke GS, Machado DC, Dos Santos RB, Reston EG. Effect of heat treatment on cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability analysis. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:281-286. [PMID: 29988221 PMCID: PMC6004809 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_34_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to assess, in vitro, the influence on cytotoxicity of heat treatment applied before photopolymerization, while mixing three self-adhesive resin cements, in an NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell culture, based on cell viability measures. Methods Samples were divided into three groups: (1) no heat treatment while mixing (control), (2) 37°C, and (3) 60°C heat treatment while mixing. Cements were light-cured immediately after mixing and immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media for the extraction of possibly uncured products after 24 h and 7 days. Cultures contained 0.5 mL of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts per well at a concentration of 0.4 × 105 cells/mL and specific extracts for each sample. Statistical Analysis Used Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls (significance of 5%). Results Cement cytotoxicity increased with time, as shown by the higher values observed at 7 days. There was a slight difference in intragroup cytotoxicity levels between 24 h and 7 days. Heat treatment at 60°C was associated with a major decrease in cytotoxicity levels in all three groups, both at 24 h and at 7 days, with no differences among the cements. Conclusions Heat treatment at 60°C should be considered as a strategy to reduce cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements, as evidenced by the results observed at 24 h and 7 days of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Afonso Klein-Júnior
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zimmer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Cantarelli Machado
- Neuroscience Department, Brain Institute, Neuroscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rubem Beraldo Dos Santos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Galia Reston
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bansal R, Taneja S, Kumari M. Effect of ceramic type, thickness, and time of irradiation on degree of polymerization of dual - cure resin cement. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:414-8. [PMID: 27656058 PMCID: PMC5026099 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ceramic type, thickness, and time of irradiation on degree of polymerization of dual-cure resin cement. Materials and Methods: Dual-cure resin cement (SoloCem) was used to prepare disk-shaped samples (0.5 mm thick × 5 mm diameter). Study group samples (n = 5) were light-cured for 40, 60, and 80 s through all ceramic leucite-reinforced (Cergo Kiss), lithium disilicate-reinforced (IPS e.max), and monolithic zirconia-reinforced (Ziecon) of three thicknesses (2, 3, and 4 mm). Negative control group samples were cured through metal disks and positive control samples were cured without the presence of ceramic. The degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The recorded data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey HSD). Results and Conclusion: Greatest light transmission and DC were seen through Cergo Kiss, followed by IPS e.max Press and Ziecon, with insignificant difference between the latter two. The attenuation of light irradiance increased with increasing thickness of ceramic disks, with statistically significant values between 3 and 4 mm. Increasing time of irradiation to cure dual-cure resin cement did not always result in greater degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Taneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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UMETSUBO LS, YUI KCK, BORGES AB, BARCELLOS DC, GONÇALVES SEDP. Additional chemical polymerization of dual resin cements: reality or a goal to be achieved? REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction This study serves as a warning to dentists and researchers that dual-cured resin cements may not polymerize completely under some prosthetic crowns. Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the polymerization degree of dual-cured resin cements under prosthetic barrier, by microhardness test. Material and method Three cements (Bistite II, RelyX ARC and Variolink II) were light-cured through different barriers, placed between the cement and the light source: G1: without barrier; G2: composite resin (Cesead); G3: Inceram alumina; G4: IPS Empress; G5: Inceram zirconia; G6: tooth fragment. Photopolymerization was carried out using a halogen light unit (650 mW/cm2); microhardness was evaluated using the Microhardness Tester FM 700, under a load of 50gf with a dwell time of 15s, at two evaluation times (30min and 24h). Result The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). Both Inceram alumina and Inceram zirconia ceramic barriers hindered polymerization. Bistite, followed by RelyX and Variolink, exhibited the highest microhardness values (p<0.05). As the highest values were obtained without a barrier, it was determined that the barrier, followed by the tooth, influenced microhardness. Both Empress and Cesead had the smallest microhardness values but with no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion The barrier negatively affected the microhardness of dual-cured resin cements; evaluation time did not affect microhardness values for most of the conditions tested. There is a limited effect of the chemical activator on the polymerization of some dual-cured cements, and their performance is product specific.
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Pereira CNDB, Magalhães CSD, Daleprane B, Peixoto RTRDC, Ferreira RDC, Cury LA, Moreira AN. LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:648-53. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.
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Fonseca GS, Correia AMDO, Griza S, Villarroel M, Takeshita WM, Mendonça AAMD. Efeito da intensidade de fontes de luz e barreiras de cerâmica na microdureza de cimento resinoso dual. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Resumo</title><sec><title>Introdução</title><p>O cimento resinoso dual é o principal material para cimentação de cerâmicas. Contudo, fatores, como fonte de luz, podem influenciar no desempenho do cimento.</p></sec><sec><title>Objetivo</title><p>Avaliar a influência de duas fontes de luz de diferentes intensidades sobre a microdureza de um cimento resinoso quando fotoativado sob diferentes cerâmicas.</p></sec><sec><title>Material e método</title><p>Foram fotoativados 40 espécimes de cimento resinoso dual (10 mm × 1,0 mm) por meio de duas fontes de luz LED, com intensidades de 1.000 mW/cm² e 800 mW/cm² durante 40 segundos, sob cerâmicas (15 mm × 2 mm) à base de zircônia, espinélio MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> e dissilicato de lítio. No grupo controle, foi utilizada uma placa de vidro de mesma dimensão. As amostras tiveram a superfície regularizada com lixa d`água (600 e 1200). Após armazenagem a seco no escuro (24 h), foram realizadas as medidas de microdureza Vickers (HMV Shimadzu - 50g/10 segundos). Os dados foram submetidos à Anova fatorial e ao teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%.</p></sec><sec><title>Resultado</title><p>O cimento polimerizado apresentou valor médio de microdureza e desvio padrão para o grupo controle de 43,9±1,5 e 43,4±1,3, para as intensidades de 1.000 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> e 800 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectivamente. O menor valor de microdureza do cimento foi observado para a cerâmica à base de espinélio MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, polimerizado a 800 mW/cm², com valor de 34,3±3,3.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusão</title><p>O tipo de cerâmica e a intensidade da fonte de luz influenciam na microdureza do cimento. A intensidade de 1.000 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> sobre as cerâmicas à base de zircônia e espinélio MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> resultaram na melhor combinação de valores de dureza do cimento.</p></sec>
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Öztürk E, Bolay Ş, Hickel R, Ilie N. Effects of ceramic shade and thickness on the micro-mechanical properties of a light-cured resin cement in different shades. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:503-7. [PMID: 25643983 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.996185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the micro-mechanical properties of a light-cured resin cement in four different shades when polymerized through a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic in different shades and thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A light-cured resin cement in four different shades (HV+1, HV+3, LV-1 and LV-3) was selected for this study. The specimens were cured by using a LED-unit (Bluephase®, IvoclarVivadent) for 20 s under a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress® CAD, IvoclarVivadent) in two different shades (A1 and A3) of different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm). Specimens cured directly, without an intermediate ceramic, served as control. The specimens were stored after curing for 24 h at 37°C by maintaining moisture conditions with distilled water. Micro-mechanical properties (indentation modulus, E; Hardness, HV; creep, Cr) of the resin cements were measured with an automatic microhardness indenter (Fisherscope H100C, Germany). Twenty groups were included (n = 3), while 10 measurements were performed on each specimen. Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, as well as a multivariate analysis to test the influence of the study parameters. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the micromechanical properties of the tested resin cements (p < 0.05). The resin cement shade showed the highest effect on the micromechanical properties (Partial-eta squared (ηP(2))-E = 0.45, ηP(2)-HV = 0.59, ηP(2)-Cr = 0.29) of the resin cement, followed by ceramic thickness (ηP(2)-E = 0.38, ηP(2)-HV = 0.3, ηP(2)-Cr = 0.04) and ceramic shade (ηP(2)-E = 0.2, ηP(2)-HV = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS Resin cement shade is an important factor influencing the mechanical properties of the material. Light shades of a resin cement express higher E and HV as well as lower Cr values compared with the darker ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Öztürk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Mendonça LMD, Pegoraro LF, Lanza MDS, Pegoraro TA, Carvalho RMD. Effects of coronal substrates and water storage on the microhardness of a resin cement used for luting ceramic crowns. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:287-93. [PMID: 25141200 PMCID: PMC4126824 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite resin and metallic posts are the materials most employed for reconstruction
of teeth presenting partial or total destruction of crowns. Resin-based cements have
been widely used for cementation of ceramic crowns. The success of cementation
depends on the achievement of adequate cement curing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Pegoraro
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Marins de Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences Division of Biomaterials, Frontier Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Calgaro PAM, Furuse AY, Correr GM, Ornaghi BP, Gonzaga CC. Influence of the interposition of ceramic spacers on the degree of conversion and the hardness of resin cements. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:403-9. [PMID: 24036978 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated: I) the effect of photo-activation through ceramics on the degree of conversion (DC) and on the Knoop hardness (KHN) of light- and dual-cured resin cements; and II) two different protocols for obtaining the spectra of uncured materials, to determine the DC of a dual-cured resin cement. Thin films of cements were photo-activated through ceramics [feldspathic porcelain (FP); lithium disilicate glass-ceramics of low translucency (e.max-LT), medium opacity (e.max-MO) and high translucency (e.max-HT); glass-infiltrated alumina composite (IC) and polycrystalline zirconia (ZR)] with thicknesses of 1.5 and 2.0 mm. DC was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two protocols were used to obtain the spectra of the uncured materials: I) base and catalyst pastes were mixed, and II) thin films of base and catalyst pastes were obtained separately, and an average was obtained. KHN assessment was performed with cylindrical specimens. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α= 0.05). The light-cured cement showed higher DC (61.9%) than the dual-cured cement (55.7%). The DC varied as follows: FP (65.4%), e.max-HT (65.1%), e.max-LT (61.8%), e.max-MO (60.9%), ZR (54.8%), and IC (44.9%). The light-cured cement showed lower KHN (22.0) than the dual-cured (25.6) cement. The cements cured under 1.5 mm spacers showed higher KHN (26.2) than when polymerized under 2.0 mm ceramics (21.3). Regarding the two protocols, there were significant differences only in three groups. Thus, both methods can be considered appropriate. The physical and mechanical properties of resin cements may be affected by the thickness and microstructure of the ceramic material interposed during photo-activation.
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Miranda ME, Olivieri KA, Rigolin FJ, Basting RT. Ceramic Fragments and Metal-free Full Crowns: A Conservative Esthetic Option for Closing Diastemas and Rehabilitating Smiles. Oper Dent 2013; 38:567-71. [DOI: 10.2341/12-225-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Dental ceramics make it possible to restore anterior teeth that have been esthetically compromised, presenting a high resistance to wear, biocompatibility, color stability, and low thermal conductivity. The development of different types of ceramic and techniques for adhesive cementation have made it possible to produce more conservative restorations without involving the healthy dental structure and with minimally invasive preparation, such as the bonding of ceramic fragments. The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical case in which diastemas were closed by using nanofluorapatite ceramic (e.max Ceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent) fragments on teeth 7 and 10 with minimal tooth preparation and metal-free ceramic crowns (e-max Ceram) reinforced with zirconia copings through a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system (Lava, 3M-ESPE) on teeth 8 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- ME Miranda
- Milton Edson Miranda, PhD, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Prosthodontics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - KA Olivieri
- Karina Andrea Olivieri, PhD, Faculty of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Prosthodontics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - FJ Rigolin
- Fernando José Rigolin, DDS, MS, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Prosthodontics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - RT Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, PhD, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
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Archegas LRP, de Menezes Caldas DB, Rached RN, Soares P, Souza EM. Effect of Ceramic Veneer Opacity and Exposure Time on the Polymerization Efficiency of Resin Cements. Oper Dent 2012; 37:281-9. [DOI: 10.2341/11-134-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to determine the degree of conversion (DC), hardness (H), and modulus of elasticity (E) of a dual-cured resin cement, a light-cured resin cement, and a flowable resin cured through opaque or translucent ceramic with different exposure times. RelyX ARC (dual), RelyX Veneer (light-cured), and Filtek Z350 Flow resin specimens 0.5 mm thick were cured for 40, 80, and 120 seconds through 1-mm thick translucent or opaque feldspathic ceramic disks (n=10). The specimens were stored at 37°C for 24 hours. Half of each specimen was used to test the DC and the other half to test H and E. The DC was determined in a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in absorbance mode at peaks of 1638 cm−1 and 1610 cm−1. H and E were determined using nanoindentation with one loading cycle and a maximum load of 400 mN. The data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Games-Howell test, and the Pearson correlation test (α=0.05). Statistically significant differences were found for all three factors (material, opacity, and exposure time), as well as interaction between them. The opaque ceramic resulted in lower DC, H, and E than the translucent ceramic for an exposure time of 40 seconds. An exposure time of 120 seconds resulted in a similar DC for all materials, irrespective of the opacity of the ceramic. Materials cured for 120 seconds had higher H and E than those cured for 40 seconds. The exposure time and opacity of the ceramic exerted an influence on the DC, H, and E of the materials evaluated.
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Surface Hardness of Resin Cement Polymerized under Different Ceramic Materials. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:317509. [PMID: 22548062 PMCID: PMC3323844 DOI: 10.1155/2012/317509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate the surface hardness of two light-cured resin cements polymerized under different ceramic discs. Methods. 40 experimental groups of 2 light-cured resin cement specimens (Variolink Veneer and NX3) were prepared and polymerized under 5 different ceramic discs (IPS e.max Press HT, LT, MO, HO, and Cercon) of 4 thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm), Those directly activated of both resin cements were used as control. After light activation and 37°C storage in an incubator, Knoop hardness measurements were obtained at the bottom. The data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results. The KHN of NX3 was of significantly higher than that of Variolink Veneer (P < 0.05). The KHN of resin cement polymerized under different ceramic types and thicknesses was significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Resin cements polymerized under different ceramic materials and thicknesses showed statistically significant differences in KHN.
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Puppin-Rontani RM, Dinelli RG, de Paula AB, Fucio SBP, Ambrosano GMB, Pascon FM. In-depth polymerization of a self-adhesive dual-cured resin cement. Oper Dent 2011; 37:188-94. [PMID: 22166106 DOI: 10.2341/10-288-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess Knoop hardness at different depths of a dual-cured self-adhesive resin cement through different thicknesses of Empress Esthetic® ceramic.Flattened bovine dentin was embedded in resin. The cement was inserted into a rubber mold (0.8 x 5 mm) that was placed between two polyvinyl chloride plastic films and placed over the flat dentin and light cured by Elipar Trilight-QTH (800 mW/cm2) or Ultra-Lumelight-emitting diode (LED 5; 1585 mW/cm2) over ceramic disks 1.4 or 2 mm thick. The specimens(n=6) were stored for 24 hours before Knoop hardness (KHN) was measured. The data were submitted to analysis of variance in a factorial split-plot design and Tukey's test (a=0.05).There was significant interaction among the study factors. In the groups cured by the QTHunit, an increase in ceramic thickness resulted in reduced cement hardness values at all depths, with the highest values always being found in the center (1.4 mm, 58.1; 2 mm, 50.1)and the lowest values at the bottom (1.4 mm,23.8; 2 mm, 20.2). When using the LED unit, the hardness values diminished with increased ceramic thickness only on the top (1.4 mm,51.5; 2 mm, 42.3). In the group with the 1.4-mm-thick disk, the LED curing unit resulted in similar values on the top (51.5) and center(51.9) and lower values on the bottom (24.2).However, when the cement was light cured through the 2-mm disk, the highest hardness value was obtained in the center (51.8), followed by the top (42.3) and bottom (19.9),results similar to those obtained with the QTH curing unit (center > top > bottom). The hardness values of the studied cement at different depths were dependent on the ceramic thickness but not on the light curing units used.
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Haddad MF, Rocha EP, Assunção WG. Cementation of prosthetic restorations: from conventional cementation to dental bonding concept. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:952-8. [PMID: 21558917 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31820fe205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cementation procedure of metal-free fixed partial dentures exhibits special characteristics about the porcelains and cementation agents, which turns the correct association between these materials necessary. Our purpose in this literature review was to point the main groups of cements associated to metal-free restoration and discuss about the advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations of each one. Our search was confined to the electronic databases PubMed and SciELO and to books about this matter. There are essentially 3 types of hard cement: conventional, resin, or a hybrid of the two. The metal-free restorations can be fixed with conventional or resin cements. The right choice of luting material is of vital importance to the longevity of dental restorative materials. Conventional cements are advantageous when good compressive straight, good film thickness, and water dissolution resistance are necessary. However, they need an ideal preparation, and they are not acid dissolution resistant. Conventional cements are indicated to porcelains that cannot be acid etched. Resin cements represent the choice to metal-free restoration cementation because they present better physical properties and aesthetic than conventional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Filié Haddad
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, University of São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Micromechanical properties of veneer luting resins after curing through ceramics. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 16:139-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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