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de Deus RA, Oliveira L, Braga S, Ribeiro M, Price RB, Núñez A, Loguercio AD, Soares CJ. Effect of Radiant Exposure on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of 10 Flowable and High-viscosity Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2024; 49:136-156. [PMID: 38349819 DOI: 10.2341/23-025-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the different radiant exposures from a multipeak light curing unit on the physical and mechanical properties of flowable and high-viscosity bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBC). METHODS Five flowable bulk-fill RBCs (Tetric N-Flow Bulk-fill, Ivoclar Vivadent; Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, 3M Oral Care; Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS, FGM; Admira Fusion x-base, Voco and; and SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable, Dentsply Sirona) and five high-viscosity bulk-fill RBCs (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill, Ivoclar Vivadent; Filtek One Bulk Fill, 3M Oral Care; Opus Bulk Fill APS, FGM; Admira Fusion x-tra, Voco; and SonicFill 2, Kerr) were photo-cured using a VALO Cordless light (Ultradent) for 10, 20, and 40 seconds at an irradiance of 1200, 800, or 400 mW/cm2, resulting in the delivery of 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, or 48 J/cm2. Post-gel shrinkage (Shr) was calculated using strain-gauge test. The degree of conversion (DC, %) was calculated using FTIR. Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2) and elastic modulus (E, MPa) were measured at the top and bottom surfaces. Logarithmic regressions between the radiant exposures and mechanical properties were calculated. Radiodensity was calculated using digital radiographs. Data of Shr and radiodensity were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the DC, KH, and E data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA using split-plot repeated measurement tests followed by the Tukey test (a = 0.05). RESULTS Delivering higher radiant exposures produced higher Shr values (p<0.001) and higher DC values (R2=0.808-0.922; R2=0.648-0.914, p<0.001), KH (R2=0.707-0.952; R2=0.738-0.919; p<0.001), and E (R2=0.501-0.925; R2=0.823-0.919; p<0.001) values for the flowable and high-viscosity RBCs respectively. Lower KH, E and Shr were observed for the flowable bulk-fill RBCs. All bulk-fill RBCs had a radiopacity level greater than the 4-mm thick aluminum step wedge. The radiant exposure did not affect the radiopacity. CONCLUSION The Shr, DC, KH, and E values were highly correlated to the radiant exposure delivered to the RBCs. The combination of the higher irradiance for longer exposure time that resulted in radiant exposure between 24 J/cm2 to 48 J/cm2 produced better results than delivering 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s (16 J/cm2), and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds (16 J/cm2) or 1200 mW/cm2 for 10 seconds (12 J/cm2). All the bulk-fill RBCs were sufficiently radiopaque compared to 4 mm of aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A de Deus
- Raissa Albuquerque de Deus, DDS, MSc, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lrs Oliveira
- Lais Rani Sales Oliveira, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ssl Braga
- Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mth Ribeiro
- Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R B Price
- Richard Bengt Price, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A Núñez
- Alejandra Núñez, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, DDS, MSc, PhD, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos José Soares, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhou Z, Guo D, Watts DC, Fischer NG, Fu J. Application and limitations of configuration factor (C-factor) in stress analysis of dental restorations. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1137-1149. [PMID: 37838610 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The configuration factor (C-factor) is an index used to evaluate the relationship between cavity configuration and the development of polymerization shrinkage stress in dental restorations. Although C-factor has been widely researched, its correlation with stress analysis in dental restorations remains controversial. This review aims to discuss the application and limitations of C-factor and define the restricted conditions under which the C-factor "rule of thumb" is applicable. METHODS A thorough literature review was conducted on the application and limitations of C-factor in stress analysis of dental restorations. This was principally based on MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases and a review of the relevant studies and publications in scientific papers in international peer-reviewed journals for the specific topic of C-factor and polymerization shrinkage. RESULTS The C-factor alone cannot provide an accurate prediction of the shrinkage stress of restorations and the mechanical behavior of material-tooth interfaces. C-factor is only applicable under one condition not typically seen in clinical practice: low, near-rigid compliance. SIGNIFICANCE Conditions for the application of C-factor have been explicitly defined. A more accurate and precise understanding and utilization of the C-factor is of benefit as it contributes to better understanding of polymerization shrinkage behavior of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - David C Watts
- University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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Derigi LP, Barros LS, Sugii MM, Turssi CP, França F, Basting RT, Vieira WF. Effect of Commercial Mouth Rinses on Physical Properties of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2023; 48:720-731. [PMID: 37881067 DOI: 10.2341/23-041-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of commercial mouth rinses on color, roughness, sorption (SR), and solubility (SL) of resin composites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Disc-shaped specimens (stage I: 6 mm × 2 mm; stage II: 10 mm × 1.5 mm) were made from the following resin composites (n=10): conventional nanofilled (Filtek Z350XT, 3M Oral Care), conventional nanohybrid (Luna, SDI), bulk-fill nanofilled (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3M Oral Care), and bulk-fill nanohybrid (Aura Bulk-Fill, SDI) exposed to distilled water (control), blue mouth rinse without alcohol (Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, Colgate-Palmolive), or blue mouth rinse with alcohol and essential oil (Listerine Tartar Control, Johnson & Johnson). In stage I, tests were performed at the baseline, and after the immersion in solution time points to evaluate coordinates of the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*), general color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔSGU), and surface roughness (Ra). In stage II, SR and SL were evaluated (ISO 4049:2019) after immersion in the solutions for 7 days. The results were evaluated by generalized linear models (Ra, SR), Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (color, SL), with α = 0.05. RESULTS There were no significative differences for Ra between the solutions. Both mouth rinses promoted significantly negative ΔL* (Luna), Δa* (Filtek One Bulk-fill), and Δb* (all materials except conventional nanofilled resin composite). Mouth rinse without alcohol promoted significantly negative Δa* on all resin composites tested. Both mouth rinses promoted higher ΔEab and ΔE00 for bulk-fill resin composites compared to control. Mouth rinse with alcohol caused higher ΔSGU for bulk-fill nanofilled resin composite. It also promoted greater SR in all the resin composites compared with mouth rinse without alcohol and higher SR in nanohybrid resin composites compared with control. Both mouth rinses promoted higher SL values in Luna and differed significantly from control. CONCLUSIONS The physical properties were manufacturer dependent and mediated by mouth rinses. The mouth rinses promoted color changes in the resin composites, pointing out that bulk-fill resin composites were more affected by these effects, especially when the mouth rinse contained essential oil and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Derigi
- Leonardo Pinheiro Derigi, MSc student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L S Barros
- Leonardo Santos Barros, MSc student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M M Sugii
- Mari Miura Sugii, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Groningen University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - C P Turssi
- Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fmg França
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - W F Vieira
- *Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Sezen E, Kaya U, Ak AT, Ay M. Effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride on fracture resistance of leucite reinforced feldspathic ceramic CAD/CAM class I inlay restorations. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:808-815. [PMID: 38351764 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e97183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical agent that has recently gained popularity for its ability to stop and prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umut Kaya
- Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | | | - Miray Ay
- Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Alhussein A, Alsahafi R, Alfaifi A, Alenizy M, Ba-Armah I, Schneider A, Jabra-Rizk MA, Masri R, Garcia Fay G, Oates TW, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Remineralizing and Antibiofilm Low-Shrinkage-Stress Nanocomposites to Inhibit Salivary Biofilms and Protect Tooth Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6770. [PMID: 37895752 PMCID: PMC10608551 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent caries remain a persistent concern, often linked to microleakage and a lack of bioactivity in contemporary dental composites. Our study aims to address this issue by developing a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibiofilm and remineralization capabilities, thus countering the progression of recurrent caries. In the present study, we formulated low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites by combining triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and urethane dimethacrylate, incorporating dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), along with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). The biofilm viability, biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid production, and ion release were evaluated. The novel formulations containing 3% DMADDM exhibited a potent antibiofilm activity, exhibiting a 4-log reduction in the human salivary biofilm CFUs compared to controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant reductions were observed in biofilm biomass and lactic acid (p < 0.05). By integrating both 10% NACP and 10% nCaF2 into one formulation, efficient ion release was achieved, yielding concentrations of 3.02 ± 0.21 mmol/L for Ca, 0.5 ± 0.05 mmol/L for P, and 0.37 ± 0.01 mmol/L for F ions. The innovative mixture of DMADDM, NACP, and nCaF2 displayed strong antibiofilm effects on salivary biofilm while concomitantly releasing a significant amount of remineralizing ions. This nanocomposite is a promising dental material with antibiofilm and remineralization capacities, with the potential to reduce polymerization-related microleakage and recurrent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhussein
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alfaifi
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.)
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alenizy
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Ba-Armah
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.)
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guadalupe Garcia Fay
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Ghani SMA, Hassan MIA, Abdullah AH, Ghani ARA, Izra'ai SI, Aregawi W, Chew HP, Fok A. Linear and volumetric shrinkage displacements of resin composite restorations with and without debonding. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:659-668. [PMID: 37612060 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to compare shrinkage displacements of fully and partially bonded resin composite restorations (RCRs). Two groups (n=5) Class-I RCR evaluated: Group 1 (G1) fully bonded and Group 2 (G2) debonded at the floor. Experimental results were compared with predictions from simple theory and finite element analysis (FEA). The experimental linear surface displacement (LSD) was G1 62.5±5.2 µm and G2 32.8±4.0 µm. Theoretically-predicted LSD for G1 60.1±7.4 µm and G2 31.3±7.5 µm. FEA-predicted LSD were G1 65.2 µm and G2 34.6 µm. The experimental volumetric surface displacement (VSD) was G1 1.22±0.2 mm3 and G2 0.63±0.2 mm3. Theoretically-predicted VSD for G1 1.36±0.2 mm3 and G2 0.67±0.2 mm3. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in LSD and VSD among the experimental, theoretical and FEA in the same group. Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted between the two groups, with LSD and VSD of G2 values being almost half of G1. This pattern gave an insight of a debond restoration characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Mariam Ab Ghani
- Center for Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wondwosen Aregawi
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota
| | - Alex Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota
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Alhussein A, Alsahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Mokeem L, Schneider A, Jabra-Rizk MA, Masri R, Hack GD, Oates TW, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Bioactive Nanocomposites Containing Calcium Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate with Antibacterial and Low-Shrinkage-Stress Capabilities to Inhibit Dental Caries. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:991. [PMID: 37760093 PMCID: PMC10525142 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composites are commonly used for tooth restorations, but recurrent caries often lead to restoration failures due to polymerization shrinkage-stress-induced marginal leakage. The aims of this research were to: (1) develop novel low-shrinkage-stress (L.S.S.) nanocomposites containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) or amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization; (2) investigate antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties. METHODS Nanocomposites were made by mixing triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether with urethane dimethacrylate containing 3% DMADDM, 20% nCaF2, and 20% NACP. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms, and cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells were tested. RESULTS Nanocomposites with DMADDM and nCaF2 or NACP had flexural strengths matching commercial composite control without bioactivity. The new nanocomposite provided potent antibacterial properties, reducing biofilm CFU by 6 logs, and reducing lactic acid synthesis and metabolic function of biofilms by 90%, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The new nanocomposites produced excellent cell viability matching commercial control (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bioactive L.S.S. antibacterial nanocomposites with nCaF2 and NACP had excellent bioactivity without compromising mechanical and cytocompatible properties. The new nanocomposites are promising for a wide range of dental restorations by improving marginal integrity by reducing shrinkage stress, defending tooth structures, and minimizing cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhussein
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gary D. Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Albelasy EH, Chen R, Fok A, Montasser M, Hamama HH, Mahmoud SH, Abdelrehim T, Chew HP. Inhibition of Caries around Restoration by Ion-Releasing Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Optical Coherence Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Evaluation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5558. [PMID: 37629848 PMCID: PMC10456765 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was firstly to assess the demineralization inhibitory effect of ion-releasing restorations in enamel adjacent to restoration using a biofilm caries model and secondly to compare the effect to that in a chemical caries model. Fifty-six bovine incisors were filled with either Surefil one (SuO), Cention N (CN) (both ion-releasing materials), Ketac-Molar (GIC) or Powerfill resin composite (RC). The restored teeth were then randomly divided into 2 groups according to the used caries model (biofilm or chemical caries model). The micro-computed tomography (MicroCt) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) outcome measures used to evaluate demineralization inhibition effects were lesion depth, LD and increase in OCT integrated reflectivity, ΔIR, at five different depths. It was observed that all outcome measures of CN were statistically the same as those of GIC and conversely with those of RC. This was also the case for SuO except for LD, which was statistically the same as RC. When comparing the two caries models, LD of the biofilm model was statistically deeper (p < 0.05) than the chemical model for all four materials. In conclusion, CN and SuO have similar demineralization inhibitory effects as GIC, and the biofilm caries model is more discriminatory in differentiating demineralization inhibitory effects of ion-releasing restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H. Albelasy
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.H.A.); (M.M.); (H.H.H.); (S.H.M.)
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.F.)
| | - Ruoqiong Chen
- Department of Diagnostics and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alex Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.F.)
| | - Marmar Montasser
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.H.A.); (M.M.); (H.H.H.); (S.H.M.)
| | - Hamdi H. Hamama
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.H.A.); (M.M.); (H.H.H.); (S.H.M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, New-Mansoura University, New-Mansoura 35712, Egypt
| | - Salah H. Mahmoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.H.A.); (M.M.); (H.H.H.); (S.H.M.)
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, New-Dumyat 34517, Egypt
| | - Tamer Abdelrehim
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.F.)
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.F.)
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Alhussein A, Alsahafi R, Wang X, Mitwalli H, Filemban H, Hack GD, Oates TW, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Dental Low-Shrinkage-Stress Composite with Antibacterial Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate Monomer. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:335. [PMID: 37504831 PMCID: PMC10381573 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current dental resins exhibit polymerization shrinkage causing microleakage, which has the potential to cause recurrent caries. Our objectives were to create and characterize low-shrinkage-stress (LSS) composites with dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) as an antibacterial agent to combat recurrent caries. METHODS Triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and urethane dimethacrylate were used to reduce shrinkage stress. DMADDM was incorporated at different mass fractions (0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 5%). Flexural strength, elastic modulus, degree of conversion, polymerization stress, and antimicrobial activity were assessed. RESULTS The composite with 5% DMADDM demonstrated higher flexural strength than the commercial group (p < 0.05). The addition of DMADDM in BisGMA-TEGDMA resin and LSS resin achieved clinically acceptable degrees of conversion. However, LSS composites exhibited much lower polymerization shrinkage stress than BisGMA-TEGDMA composite groups (p < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% DMADDM showed a 6-log reduction in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm CFUs compared to commercial control (p < 0.001). Biofilm biomass and lactic acid were also substantially decreased via DMADDM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The novel LSS dental composite containing 3% DMADDM demonstrated potent antibacterial action against S. mutans biofilms and much lower polymerization shrinkage-stress, while maintaining excellent mechanical characteristics. The new composite is promising for dental applications to prevent secondary caries and increase restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhussein
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, LLC., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Filemban
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary D Hack
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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10
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Gönder HY, Mohammadi R, Harmankaya A, Yüksel İB, Fidancıoğlu YD, Karabekiroğlu S. Teeth Restored with Bulk–Fill Composites and Conventional Resin Composites; Investigation of Stress Distribution and Fracture Lifespan on Enamel, Dentin, and Restorative Materials via Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071637. [PMID: 37050251 PMCID: PMC10096709 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: the aim of this study was to examine the stress distribution of enamel, dentin, and restorative materials in sound first molar teeth with restored cavities with conventional resin composites and bulk–fill composites, as well as to determine their fracture lifetimes by using the three-dimensional finite element stress analysis method. Materials and Methods: an extracted sound number 26 tooth was scanned with a dental tomography device and recorded. Images were obtained as dicom files, and these files were transferred to the Mimics 12.00 program. In this program, different masks were created for each tooth tissue, and the density thresholds were adjusted manually to create a three-dimensional image of the tooth, and these were converted to a STL file. The obtained STL files were transferred to the Geomagic Design X program, and some necessary adjustments, such as smoothing, were made, and STP files were created. Cavity preparation and adhesive material layers were created by transferring STP files to the Solidworks program. Finally, a FE model was created in the ABAQUS program, and stress distributions were analyzed. Results: when the bulk–fill composite and conventional resin composite materials were used in the restoration of the cavity, the structures that were exposed to the most stress as a result of occlusal forces on the tooth were enamel, dentin, restorative material, and adhesive material. When the bulk–fill composite material was used in restoration, while the restorative material had the longest fracture life as a result of stresses, the enamel tissue had the shortest fracture life. When the conventional resin composite material was used as the restorative material, it had the longest fracture life, followed by dentin and enamel. Conclusion: when the bulk–fill composite material was used instead of the conventional resin composite material in the cavity, the stress values on enamel, dentin, and adhesive material increased as a result of occlusal forces, while the amount of stress on the restorative material decreased. In the fracture analysis, when the bulk–fill composite material was used instead of the conventional resin composite material, a decrease in the number of cycles required for the fracture of enamel, dentin, and restorative materials was observed as a result of the forces generated in the oral cavity.
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11
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Oliveira AA, Ribeiro MLP, Costa PVM, Pereira RD, Versluis A, Veríssimo C. The effect of filling technique on the cuspal strain, polymerization shrinkage stress, enamel crack formation and depth of cure of restored molars. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1404-1418. [PMID: 35787894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of different restorative filling techniques on the residual shrinkage stress (ShrS), cuspal strain (CS), depth of cure (DC), and enamel crack formation (Ec) in molars with MOD restorations. METHODS Post-gel shrinkage, elastic modulus, compressive and diametral tensile strength of the Filtek One Bulk Fill composite were calculated. Sixty molars with MOD preparations were restored using four filling techniques: Bulk; Horizontal; Oblique; Natural enamel and dentin substitution (NEDS) technique. CS was measured using a strain gauge (n = 10). The DC (n = 5) was measured using Knoop hardness. Shrinkage stress/strain was analyzed using 3D finite element analysis. The Ec analysis was carried out by transillumination. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05) was performed for the CS data. Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test was performed for the DC data (α = 0.05). RESULTS CS was higher at the lingual cusp for the horizontal and NEDS technique. No statistical difference was found between the buccal and lingual CS values for the Bulk (p = 0.367) or Oblique techniques (p = 0.192). CS values were lower for the Bulk. More enamel cracks were found for the Bulk. DC was lower at 4 mm regardless the filling technique. The Horizontal showed the highest ShrS values. The Bulk generated the lower ShrS values. SIGNIFICANCE A Bulk technique caused the lowest shrinkage stress/strain. An Oblique technique yielded the best balance between stress, strain and crack formation. NEDS technique is a good alternative to decrease the number of increments while maintaining the stress levels nearby the Oblique technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M L P Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - P V M Costa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - R D Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Faculdades de Ciências Odontológicas, FCO, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - A Versluis
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center - UTHSC, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C Veríssimo
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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12
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Braga S, Schettini A, Carvalho E, Shimokawa C, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of the Sample Preparation and Light-curing Unit on the Microhardness and Degree of Conversion of Bulk-fill Resin-based Composite Restorations. Oper Dent 2022; 47:163-172. [PMID: 35604828 DOI: 10.2341/20-043-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the sample preparation and light-curing units (LCUs) on the Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2) and degree of conversion (DC, %) of bulk-fill resin-based composite restorations. METHODS Two molds were made using human molar teeth embedded in acrylic resin. One was a conventional tooth mold where the molar received a mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) preparation. In the other, the tooth was sectioned in three slices (buccal, middle, and lingual). The center slice received a MOD preparation similar to the conventional mold. Both tooth molds were placed in the second mandibular molar position in a Dentoform with a 44-mm interincisal opening. Restorations were made using Opus Bulk Fill (FGM) high viscosity bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) and light cured using two different lights: VALO Cordless (Ultradent) and Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent). The RBC was placed in one increment that was light-cured for a total of 80 seconds (40 seconds at the occluso-mesial and occluso-distal locations). The RBC specimens were then prepared as follows: EmbPol - tooth mold specimen was embedded in polystyrene resin and polished before testing; Pol - tooth mold specimen was not embedded, but was polished before testing; NotPol - sectioned tooth mold, specimen not embedded nor polished before testing. The KH was measured in different depths and regions of the specimens, and the DC was measured using Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS The results were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or repeated measures followed by the Tukey posthoc test (α=0.05). The preparation method (p<0.001), depth of restoration (p<0.001), and the interaction between method and depth (p=0.003) all influenced the KH values. Preparation method (p<0.001), tooth region (p<0.001), and the interaction between method and tooth region (p=0.002) all influenced DC values. The KH values were reduced significantly from the top to the bottom of the restorations and also at the proximal box when compared with the occlusal region. This outcome was most significant in the proximal boxes. The NotPol method was the most effective method to detect the effect of differences in KH or DC within the restoration. A lower DC and KH were found at the gingival regions of the proximal boxes of the restorations. When the KH and DC values were compared, there were no significant differences between the LCUs (KH p=0.4 and DC p=0.317). CONCLUSION Preparation methods that embedded the samples in polystyrene resin and polished the specimens reduced the differences between the KH and DC values obtained by different preparation techniques. The NotPol method was better able to detect differences produced by light activation in deeper areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssl Braga
- Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Act Schettini
- Ana Cecília Teodoro Schettini, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elo Carvalho
- Everton Luiz Oliveira Carvalho, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cak Shimokawa
- Carlos Alberto Kenji Shimokawa, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R B Price
- Richard Bengt Price, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos José Soares, DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor and Chair at Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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SILVA JDS, FREITAS LASD, SILVA VASE, FIRMIANO TC, TANTBIROJN D, VERSLUIS A, VERÍSSIMO C. Using a professional DSLR camera to measure total shrinkage of resin composites. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e009. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Kantovitz KR, Cabral LL, Carlos NR, de Freitas AZ, Peruzzo DC, Franca F, do Amaral F, Basting RT, Puppin-Rontani RM. Impact of Resin Composite Viscosity and Fill-technique on Internal Gap in Class I Restorations: An OCT Evaluation. Oper Dent 2021; 46:537-546. [PMID: 34929042 DOI: 10.2341/20-144b-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the internal gap of resin composites of high-and low-viscosity used in single- and incremental-fill techniques in Class I cavities exposed to thermal cycling (TC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cavities of 4-mm depth and 3-mm diameter were prepared in 36 third molars randomly distributed into four groups, according to viscosity of restorative resin-based composite (high or low viscosity, all from 3M Oral Care) and technique application (bulk or incremental fill) used (n=9): RC, high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative); BF, high-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill); LRC, low-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flowable Universal Restorative); and LBF, low-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Flowable Restorative). Single Bond Universal Adhesive system (3M Oral Care) was used in all the experimental groups. The incremental-fill technique was used for RC and LRC groups (2-mm increments), and a single-layer technique was used for BF and LBF groups, as recommended by the manufacturer. The internal adaptation of the resin at all dentin walls was evaluated before and after TC (5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) using OCT images. Five images of each restored tooth were obtained. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software that measured the entire length of the gaps at the dentin-restoration interface. The length of gaps (μm) was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α=0.05). There was a significant interaction between material types and TC (p=0.006), and a significant difference among all material types (p<0.0001), before and after TC (p<0.0001). Increased internal gaps at the dentin-restoration interface were noticed after TC for all groups. RC presented the lowest value of internal gap before and after TC, while LBF showed the highest values of internal gap after TC. In conclusion, TC negatively affected the integrity of internal gap, whereas high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite presented better performance in terms of internal adaptation than low-viscosity, bulk-fill materials in Class I cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kantovitz
- *Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil. State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L L Cabral
- Lais Lemos Cabral, DDS, MS, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil. University Center Tiradentes (UNIT), Restorative Dentistry Area, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - N R Carlos
- Natalia Russo Carlos, DDS, MS, PhD student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A Z de Freitas
- Anderson Zanardi de Freitas, PhD, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Department of Center of Lasers and Applications, Sáo Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Peruzzo
- Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Periodontics Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fmg Franca
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flb do Amaral
- Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Puppin-Rontani
- Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani, DDS, MS, PhD, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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15
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Cardoso IO, Machado AC, Fernandes LDO, Soares PV, Raposo LHA. Influence of Tip Diameter and Light Spectrum of Curing Units on the Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:360-366. [PMID: 34905778 PMCID: PMC9339921 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different light-curing units (LCUs) with distinct tip diameters and light spectra for activating bulk-fill resins.
Materials and Methods
The specimens (
n
= 10) were made from a conventional composite (Amaris, VOCO) and bulk-fill resins (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI; Filtek One, 3M ESPE; Tetric Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) with two diameters, 7 or 10 mm, × 2 mm thickness. Following 24 hours of specimen preparation, the degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared unit. Knoop hardness (KHN) readings were performed on the center and periphery of the specimens. Data were assessed for homoscedasticity and submitted to one-way and three-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, depending on the analysis performed (α = 0.05).
Results
LCUs and specimen diameter significantly affected the DC. The
Tetric Bulk Fill
provided increased DC results when light-cured with
Valo
(54.8 and 53.5%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively) compared with
Radii Xpert
(52.1 and 52.9%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively). No significant differences in KHN results were noted for the conventional resin composite (
Amaris
) compared with LCUs (
p
= 0.213) or disc diameters (
p
= 0.587), but the center of the specimen exhibited superior KHN (
p
≤ 0.001) than the periphery.
Conclusion
The light spectrum of the multipeak LCU (
Valo
) significantly increased the DC and KHN of the bulk-fill resin composite with additional initiator to camphorquinone (
Tetric Bulk Fill
) compared with the monowave LCU (
Radii Xpert
). The tip size of the LCUs influenced the performance of some of the resin composites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Oliveiros Cardoso
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vinícius Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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16
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Putignano A, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Vitiello F, Gatto ML, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Orsini G. Comparison of three different bulk-filling techniques for restoring class II cavities: μCT, SEM-EDS combined analyses for margins and internal fit assessments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104812. [PMID: 34500356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the behavior of three different bulk-filling techniques in terms of internal adaptation and external marginal sealing for restoring class II cavities. METHODS Fifteen extracted sound molar teeth were used. Two standardized class II mesio/disto-occlusal (MO/DO) slot cavities, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide and 3 mm deep were prepared in each tooth, obtaining n=30 cavity preparations. The cavities were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10 per group) according to three bulk filling techniques: Bulk Traditional (BT), Bulk&Go (BG) and Bulk&Flow (BF). The teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the external marginal seal. Thereafter, the chemical composition of tooth-restoration interface was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Complementary information to the SEM and EDS were obtained by micro-computed tomography (μCT) to assess the internal fit. RESULTS SEM analysis showed a proper external marginal seal for all groups tested as confirmed by the EDS investigation, highlighting the presence of adhesive layer at the tooth-restoration interface. The internal marginal adaptation by means of μCT analysis revealed gaps formation at the tooth-restoration interface only for BT group, while an intimate contact free of gaps were found in the other two groups. Moreover, in BT and BF groups voids were present within the restoration. SIGNIFICANCE BG and BF techniques can be considered as reliable alternatives to BT technique, as they simplify the class II restoration without transforming it into class I, thus ensuring a successful result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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17
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Palialol AR, Martins CP, Dressano D, Aguiar FHB, Gonçalves LS, Marchi GM, Pfeifer CS, Lima AF. Improvement on properties of experimental resin cements containing an iodonium salt cured under challenging polymerization conditions. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1569-1575. [PMID: 34407920 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of resin cements in clinical practice entails photopolymerization through prosthetic devices, which precludes light penetration. The objective of this study was to modify experimental resin cements (ERCs) with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) in an attempt to improve chemical and mechanical properties of materials cured with reduced irradiance and final radiant exposure. METHODS A co-monomer base containing a 1:1 mass ratio of 2.2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was prepared, with 1mol% of camphorquinone and 2mol% of ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate as initiator system. The resin was divided into 4 fractions according to the DPI concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2mol%). The challenging polymerization condition was simulated performing the light activation (12, 23 and 46s) through a ceramic block (3mm thick). The irradiance was assessed with a calibrated spectrometer (1320mW/cm2), resulting in three levels of radiant exposure (0.58, 1.1 and 2.2J/cm2). The polymerization kinetics was evaluated in real-time using a spectrometer (Near-IR). Water sorption and solubility was analyzed and the cohesive strength of resins obtained through the microtensile test. Polymerization stress was assessed by Bioman method. RESULTS Resins containing DPI had higher degree of conversion and rate of polymerization than the control (without DPI). The use of DPI reduced water sorption and solubility, and led to higher cohesive strength compared to resins without the iodonium salt. However, the stress of polymerization was higher for experimental resins with DPI. SIGNIFICANCE Even under remarkably reduced irradiance, cements containing a ternary initiating system with an iodonium salt can present an optimal degree of conversion and chemical/mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Palialol
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Caetano P Martins
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Dressano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Flavio H B Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Luciano S Gonçalves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Giselle M Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 04026-002 SP, Brazil.
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18
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Pereira R, Soares P, Bicalho AA, Barcelos LM, Oliveira L, Soares CJ. Impact of the Porosity from Incremental and Bulk Resin Composite Filling Techniques on the Biomechanical Performance of Root-Treated Molars. Oper Dent 2021; 46:197-207. [PMID: 34192325 DOI: 10.2341/19-297-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect of the porosity caused by incremental and bulk resin composite filling techniques using low- and high-viscosity composite resins on the biomechanical performance of root-treated molars. METHODS Forty intact molars received standardized mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparation, were root treated, and randomly divided into four groups with different filling techniques (n=10). The first involved two incremental filling techniques using VIT/Z350XT, a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) associated with a resinmodified glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Vitremer, 3M ESPE) for filling the pulp chamber. The second involved TPH/VIT, a microhybrid composite resin TPH3 Spectrum associated with Vitremer. The third and fourth involved two bulk-fill composite resins: SDR/TPH, a low-viscosity resin composite (Surefill SDR flow, Dentsply) associated with TPH3 Spectrum, and POST, a high-viscosity bulkfill resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, 3M ESPE). The volume of the porosity inside the restoration was calculated by micro-CT. The cusp deformation caused by polymerization shrinkage was calculated using the strain-gauge and micro-CT methods. The cusp deformation was also calculated during 100 N occlusal loading and loading to fracture. The fracture resistance and fracture mode were recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. The fracture mode was analyzed by the χ2 test. The volume of the porosity was correlated with the cusp deformation, fracture resistance, and fracture mode (α=0.05). RESULTS Incremental filling techniques associated with RMGIC resulted in a significantly higher porosity than that of both bulk-fill techniques. However, no significant difference was found among the groups for the fracture resistance, fracture mode, and cusp deformation, regardless of the measurement time and method used. No correlation was observed between the volume of the porosity and all tested parameters. CONCLUSIONS The porosity of the restorations had no influence on the cuspal deformation, fracture resistance, or fracture mode. The use of the RMGIC for filling the pulp chamber associated with incremental composite resins resulted in similar biomechanical performance to that of the flowable or regular paste bulk-fill composite resin restorations of root-treated molars.
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Zanatta RF, Torres CRG, de Oliveira JBS, Yui KCK, Matuda AGN, Lopes SR, Mafetano APVP, Campos RP, Borges AB, Pucci CR. Minimal intervention in dentistry: which is the best approach for silorane composite restoration repairs? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e357-e362. [PMID: 33841734 PMCID: PMC8020319 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate surface treatments, adhesives and composites for repairing silorane based restorations. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty truncated cones (2 mm smaller diameter and 4 mm larger diameter) made of silorane composite were divided in 12 groups according with the surface treatment (diamond bur and oxide aluminum abrasion), the adhesive (Adper Scothbond Multipurpose (3M ESPE), Ecusit (Voco) and Filtek P90 Adhesive (3M ESPE)). Each group was subdivided in two according with the composite used for repair (methacrylate and silorane). The repair was made with a second truncated cone build over the first one and bond strength assssed by tensile strength. Data were submitted to ANOVA 3-way and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results There was difference only for the adhesives and the composites, with conventional adhesives (Adper Scothbond Mutipurpose) and methacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z350) presenting superior tensile strength compared to the silorane ones (P90 Adhesive system and composite). Conclusions Therefore, it must be concluded that silorane composite can be repaired with methacrylate base composites and adhesives. Key words:Silorane composites, composites, bond strength, minimal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa-Ferreira Zanatta
- DDS, Ms, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,DDS, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Rocha-Gomes Torres
- DDS, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana-Boa-Sorte de Oliveira
- DDS, Ms. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen-Cristina-Kazue Yui
- DDS, Ms, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda-Guedes-Nogueira Matuda
- DDS, Ms, PhD Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie-Ribeiro Lopes
- DDS, Ms Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana-Paula-Valente-Pinho Mafetano
- DDS, Ms, PhD Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel-Pinto Campos
- DDS, Ms Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra-Bühler Borges
- DDS, Ms, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar-Rogério Pucci
- DDS, Ms, PhD. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kaisarly D, Meierhofer D, El Gezawi M, Rösch P, Kunzelmann KH. Effects of flowable liners on the shrinkage vectors of bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4927-4940. [PMID: 33506426 PMCID: PMC8342399 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This investigation evaluated the effect of flowable liners beneath a composite restoration applied via different methods on the pattern of shrinkage vectors. Methods Forty molars were divided into five groups (n = 8), and cylindrical cavities were prepared and bonded with a self-etch adhesive (AdheSe). Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF) was used as the filling material in all cavities. The flowable liners Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TEF) and SDR were used to line the cavity floor. In gp1-TBF, the flowable composite was not used. TEF was applied in a thin layer in gp2-fl/TEF + TBF and gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental. Two flowable composites with a layer thickness of 2 mm were compared in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF and gp5-fl/SDR + TBF. TEF and SDR were mixed with radiolucent glass beads, while air bubbles inherently present in TBF served as markers. Each material application was scanned twice by micro-computed tomography before and after light curing. Scans were subjected to image segmentation for calculation of the shrinkage vectors. Results The absence of a flowable liner resulted in the greatest shrinkage vectors. A thin flowable liner (gp2-fl/TEF + TBFbulk) resulted in larger overall shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than a thick flowable liner (gp4-fl/TEF + TBF). A thin flowable liner and incremental application (gp3-fl/TEF + TBFincremental) yielded the smallest shrinkage vectors. SDR yielded slightly smaller shrinkage vectors for the whole restoration than that observed in gp4-fl/TEF + TBF. Conclusions Thick flowable liner layers had a more pronounced stress-relieving effect than thin layers regardless of the flowable liner type. Clinical relevance It is recommended to apply a flowable liner (thin or thick) beneath bulk-fill composites, preferably incrementally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Kaisarly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - D Meierhofer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - M El Gezawi
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Rösch
- University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg, Germany
| | - K H Kunzelmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Yarmohammadi E, Kasraei S, Sadeghi Y. Comparative Assessment of Cuspal Deflection in Premolars Restored with Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composite Resins. Front Dent 2020; 16:407-414. [PMID: 33089241 PMCID: PMC7569276 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i6.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It has been reported that bulk-fill composites simplify tooth restoration with no adverse effect on the success rate. This study sought to assess the cuspal deflection of premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored with bulk-fill and conventional posterior composite resins. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on 64 human maxillary premolars. MOD cavities were prepared on teeth and restored with Filtek P60 conventional composite and Filtek Bulk Fill flowable, X-tra fill, and X-tra base bulk-fill composites in four groups (n=16). Distance between the cusp tips was measured before, five minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, and one week after restoration. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The mean±standard deviation (SD) of cuspal deflection at five minutes after the restoration was 13.5±5.3, 12.2±3.5, 11.3±4.4, and 10.4±3.7 μm for Filtek P60, Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fill, and X-tra base, respectively. ANOVA showed that bulk-fill composites did not cause a significant reduction in cuspal deflection compared to P60 (P>0.05). Cuspal deflection in all groups significantly decreased with time (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bulk-fill composites have no superiority over P60 in the reduction of cuspal deflection. The cuspal deflection was variable at different time points in all groups and decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Yarmohammadi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahin Kasraei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Sadeghi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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da Silva Pereira RA, de Bragança GF, Vilela ABF, de Deus RA, Miranda RR, Veríssimo C, Soares CJ. Post-gel and Total Shrinkage Stress of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin Composites in Endodontically-treated Molars. Oper Dent 2020; 45:E217-E226. [DOI: 10.2341/19-187-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The clinician should consider the polymerization shrinkage stress when selecting a composite resin for posterior restorations. The use of post-gel shrinkage values should guide the selection of a composite resin for posterior teeth.
SUMMARY
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the method used for calculation of polymerization shrinkage, total or post-gel, on the shrinkage stress of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins for restoring endodontically treated teeth using finite element analysis.
Methods and Materials: Four composite resins were tested for post-gel shrinkage (P-Shr) by the strain-gauge test and total shrinkage (TShr) using an optical method (n=10). Two conventional composite resins, Filtek Z350 XT (3M-ESPE; Z350) and TPH3 Spectrum (Dents-ply; TPH3) and two bulk-fill composite resins. Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (3M-ESPE; POST) SureFil SDR flow (Dentsply; SDR) were tested. Elastic modulus (E), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and compressive strength (CS) were also determined (n=10). The residual shrinkage stress was evaluated by finite element analysis with four restorative techniques: incremental with Z350 and TPH3; SDR/TPH3 (two bulk increments of 4 mm and two occlusal increments); and two bulk increments of 5 mm for POST. Data for P-Shr, T-Shr, E, DTS, and CS were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α=0.05), and residual shrinkage was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by the modified von Mises criteria.
Results: SDR had the lowest CS values, POST and TPH3 had similar and intermediate values, and Z350 had the highest CS. TPH3 and Z350 had similar DTS values and values higher than SDR. Z350 and POST had higher P-Shr, and SDR had lower T-Shr. T-Shr resulted in higher shrinkage stress than P-Shr values. SDR/TPH3 resulted in higher shrinkage stress when using T-Shr and lower values when using the P-Shr value.
Conclusion: T-Shr resulted in higher stress in the enamel and in root dentin close to the pulp chamber than P-Shr values. The selection of the T-Shr or P-Shr changed the ranking of the shrinkage stress of the tested composite resin.
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Balkaya H, Arslan S. A Two-year Clinical Comparison of Three Different Restorative Materials in Class II Cavities. Oper Dent 2019; 45:E32-E42. [PMID: 31738696 DOI: 10.2341/19-078-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the clinical performance of Class II restorations of a high-viscosity glass ionomer material, of a bulk-fill composite resin, and of a microhybrid composite resin. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred nine Class II restorations were performed in 54 patients using three different restorative materials: Charisma Smart Composite (CSC; a conventional composite resin), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (FBF; a high-viscosity bulk-fill composite), and Equia Forte Fil (EF; a high-viscosity glass ionomer). Single Bond Universal adhesive (3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany) was used for both conventional and bulk-fill composite resin restorations. The restorations were evaluated using modified US Public Health Service criteria in terms of retention, color match, marginal discoloration, anatomic form, contact point, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, and surface texture. The data were analyzed using the chi-square, Fisher, and McNemar tests. RESULTS Eighty-four restorations were evaluated at two-year recalls. There were clinically acceptable changes in composite resin restorations (FBF and CSC). In addition, no statistically significant difference was observed between the clinical performances of these materials in terms of all criteria (p>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the EF group and the FBF and CSC groups in all parameters except for marginal discoloration, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The tested bulk-fill and conventional composite resins showed acceptable clinical performance in Class II cavities. However, if EF is to be used for Class II restoration, its use should be carefully considered.
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da Cruz LBT, Oliveira MT, Saraceni CHC, Lima AF. The influence of nanofillers on the properties of ethanol-solvated and non-solvated dental adhesives. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e28. [PMID: 31485424 PMCID: PMC6713076 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of nanofillers on the chemical and physical properties of ethanol-solvated and non-solvated dental adhesives. Materials and Methods Eight experimental adhesives were prepared with different nanofiller concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 4 wt%) and 2 solvent concentrations (0% and 10% ethanol). Several properties of the experimental adhesives were evaluated, such as water sorption and solubility (n = 5, 20 seconds light activation), real-time degree of conversion (DC; n = 3, 20 and 40 seconds light activation), and stability of cohesive strength at 6 months (CS; n = 20, 20 seconds light activation) using the microtensile test. A light-emitting diode (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent) with an average light emittance of 1,200 mW/cm2 was used. Results The presence of solvent reduced the DC after 20 seconds of curing, but increased the final DC, water sorption, and solubility of the adhesives. Storage in water reduced the strength of the adhesives. The addition of 1 wt% and 2 wt% nanofillers increased the polymerization rate of the adhesives. Conclusions The presence of nanofillers and ethanol improved the final DC, although the DC of the solvated adhesives at 20 seconds was lower than that of the non-solvated adhesives. The presence of ethanol reduced the strength of the adhesives and increased their water sorption and solubility. However, nanofillers did not affect the water sorption and strength of the tested adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriano Fonseca Lima
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pardo Díaz CA, Shimokawa C, Sampaio CS, Freitas AZ, Turbino ML. Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Voids in Class II Composite Resin Restorations by Optical Coherence Tomography. Oper Dent 2019; 45:71-79. [PMID: 31226004 DOI: 10.2341/18-290-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize and analyze the number of voids and the percentage of void volume within and between the layers of class II composite restorations made using the bulk fill technique or the incremental technique by optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Class II cavities (4×4×2 mm) were prepared in 48 human third molars (n=24 restorations per group, two class II cavities per tooth). Teeth were divided into four groups and restored as follows: group 1 (FOB), bulk filled in a single increment using Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M Oral Care); group 2 (FXT), incrementally filled using four oblique layers of Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care); group 3 (FBF+FXT), bulk filled in a single increment using Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (3M Oral Care) covered with two oblique layers of Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care), and group 4 (FF+FXT), incrementally filled using Filtek Z350 XT Flow (3M Oral Care) covered with two oblique layers of Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care). After the restorative procedure, specimens were immersed into distilled water and stored in a hot-air oven at 37°C. Forty-eight hours later, thermal cycling was conducted (5000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C). Afterward, OCT was used to detect the existence of voids and to calculate the number of voids and percentage of voids volume within each restoration. Data were submitted to chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Comparisons were made using the Dunn method. RESULTS Voids were detected in all groups, ranging from 0.000002 (FBF+FXT and FF+FXT) to 0.32 mm3 (FBF+FXT). FF + FXT presented voids in all of the restorations and had a significantly higher number of voids per restoration when compared to the other groups (p<0.05), but restorations with the presence of voids were significantly higher only when compared to FXT (p<0.05). FBF + FXT presented a significantly higher percentage of voids volume than that of FXT (p<0.05). When comparing restorations made using high-viscosity resin-based composites (FOB and FXT), no significant differences regarding number of voids or percentage of voids volume were detected (p≥0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of flowable resin-based composites can result in an increased number of voids and percentage of voids volume in restorations, and this appears to be more related to voids present inside the syringe of the material than to the use of incremental or bulk fill restorative techniques.
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Kawashima S, Nagai Y, Shinkai K. Effect of silane coupling treatment and airborne-particle abrasion on shear bond strength between photo-cured bulk-fill flowable composite resin and silverpalladium-copper-gold alloy using self-adhesive resin cement. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:418-423. [PMID: 30814451 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of silane coupling treatment and airborne-particle abrasion (APA) on shear bond strength (SBS) between photo-cured bulk-fill flowable composite resin and 12% silver-palladium-copper-gold (Ag-Pd-CuAu) alloy using self-adhesive resin cement. The six experimental groups were compared using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Kramer's post-hoc test to compare SBS values among the six groups at a 95% confidence level. The SBS of APA groups was significantly higher than non-APA groups. The SBS of the specimens with silane coupling treatment increased slightly compared with specimens without silane coupling treatment. The combination of resin coating with bulk-fill resin and self-adhesive resin cement could be clinically useful when restoring a cavity with a noble metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Kawashima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Yuta Nagai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
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Borges MG, Soares CJ, Maia TS, Bicalho AA, Barbosa TP, Costa HL, Menezes MS. Effect of acidic drinks on shade matching, surface topography, and mechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:868.e1-868.e8. [PMID: 31010591 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fallahzadeh F, Atai M, Ghasemi S, Mahdkhah A. Effect of rinsing time and surface contamination on the bond strength of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based composites to enamel. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 10:e1115-e1122. [PMID: 30607230 PMCID: PMC6311400 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess whether saliva contamination and rinsing time for 15, 30, and 60 seconds, affects the shear bond strength of silorane and methacrylate-based composites to enamel. Material and Methods Two light cure resin, P60 (3M ESPE) and Filtek LS Silorane were tested. 120 sound premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 30 teeth based on composite type with or without saliva contamination after etching and rinsing. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to their rinsing time. Then a cylinder of the composite was bonded to the enamel and Shear bond strength was assessed. To determine the failure mode, the bonded surfaces were then observed under SEM. In addition, the DC of each group was measured at pH levels of 4 and 7 using FTIR spectroscopy. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis followed by Fisher’s least significant difference. Results The bond strength of the non-contaminated methacrylate group was significantly higher than the other groups (p< 0.0001). In addition, there was no significant deference between the methacrylate subgroups. In the silorane groups, the shear bond strength was higher in the rinsing time of 15 seconds. Failure pattern was mainly adhesive. The DC of the Methacrylates had no significant difference at pH 4 and pH 7, but was significantly higher than that of siloranes (p< 0.0001). While the DC of the siloranes at pH 4 was significantly higher than at pH 7 (p< 0.0001). Conclusions Saliva contamination in both composites reduces bond strength. Increasing rinsing time in Methacrylates proves ineffective. In non-contaminated siloranes, excessive rinsing time reduced bond strength. The best-recommended rinsing time for both composite is 15 seconds. Key words:Composite resins, silorane composite resin, methacrylates, shear strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Fallahzadeh
- Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of dentistry, Qazvin University of medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Atai
- Professor of Polymer Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ailin Mahdkhah
- Post-graduate Student of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
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Correia AMDO, Tribst JPM, Matos FDS, Platt JA, Caneppele TMF, Borges ALS. Polymerization shrinkage stresses in different restorative techniques for non-carious cervical lesions. J Dent 2018; 76:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Vianna ALSDV, Prado CJD, Bicalho AA, Pereira RADS, Neves FDD, Soares CJ. Effect of cavity preparation design and ceramic type on the stress distribution, strain and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM onlays in molars. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20180004. [PMID: 30133672 PMCID: PMC6110459 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the cavity preparation and ceramic type on the stress distribution, tooth strain, fracture resistance and fracture mode of human molar teeth restored with onlays. Material and Methods Forty-eight molars were divided into four groups (n=12) with assorted combinations of two study factors: BL- conventional onlay preparation with boxes made from leucite ceramic (IPS-Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent); NBL- conservative onlay preparation without boxes made from leucite ceramic; BD- conventional onlay preparation with boxes made from lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent); NBL- conservative onlay preparation with boxes made from lithium disilicate glass ceramic cuspal deformation (µS) was measured at 100 N and at maximum fracture load using strain gauge. Fracture resistance (N) was measured using a compression test, and the fracture mode was recorded. Finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress distribution by modified von Mises stress criteria. The tooth strain and fracture resistance data were analyzed using the Tukey test and two-way ANOVA, and the fracture mode was analyzed by the chi-square test (α=0.05). Results The leucite ceramic resulted in higher tooth deformation at 100 N and lower tooth deformation at the maximum fracture load than the lithium disilicate ceramic (P<0.001). The lithium disilicate ceramic exhibited higher fracture resistance than the leucite ceramic (P<0.001). The conservative onlay resulted in higher fracture strength for lithium disilicate ceramic. Finite element analysis results showed the conventional cavity preparation resulted in higher stress concentration in the ceramic restoration and remaining tooth than the conservative onlay preparation. The conservative onlays exhibited increased fracture resistance, reduced stress concentration and more favorable fracture modes. Conclusion Molars restored with lithium disilicate CAD-CAM ceramic onlays exhibited higher fracture resistance than molars restored with leucite CAD-CAM ceramic onlays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luíza Serralha de Velloso Vianna
- Departamento de Prótese e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Célio Jesus do Prado
- Departamento de Prótese e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Aline Aredes Bicalho
- Escola Técnica de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Renata Afonso da Silva Pereira
- Departamento de Dentística e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Flávio Domingues das Neves
- Departamento de Oclusão, Prótese Fixa e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Departamento de Dentística e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Oliveira LRS, Braga SSL, Bicalho AA, Ribeiro MTH, Price RB, Soares CJ. Molar cusp deformation evaluated by micro-CT and enamel crack formation to compare incremental and bulk-filling techniques. J Dent 2018; 74:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Ólafsson VG, Ritter AV, Swift EJ, Boushell LW, Ko CC, Jackson GR, Ahmed SN, Donovan TE. Effect of composite type and placement technique on cuspal strain. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:30-38. [PMID: 29034597 PMCID: PMC5815887 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cuspal strain in Class II restorations made with bulk-fill and conventional composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty extracted maxillary premolars were mounted into phenolic rings and divided into five groups (n = 10). Specimens received standardized MOD preparations. A two-step self-etch adhesive was applied and the preparations were restored using a custom matrix as follows: Filtek Supreme Ultra in eight 2-mm increments (FSUI); Filtek Supreme Ultra in bulk (FSUB); SonicFill in bulk (SF); SureFil SDR flow in bulk, covered with a 2-mm occlusal layer of Filtek Supreme Ultra (SDR/FSU); Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in bulk (TEBF). Strain gages bonded to the buccal and lingual cusps recorded cuspal strain during restorations. End strain values were determined and data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis testing, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s post hoc test. RESULTS Combined strain values and standard deviations (in µɛ) were: FSUI: 723 ± 102.8, FSUB: 929.2 ± 571.9, SF: 519.1 ± 80.2, SDR-FSU: 497.4 ± 67.6 and TEBF: 604.5 ± 127.1. A significant difference was found between group FSUI and groups SF, SDR-FSU, and TEBF. Group FSUB showed significantly higher mean strain and greater standard deviation than all other groups due to cuspal fractures, and was thus excluded from the statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The tested bulk-fill composite resins exerted less strain onto tooth structure than the incrementally placed conventional composite resin, although the magnitude of generated strain was product-dependent. Bulk-filling with conventional composite resins is contraindicated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-fill composite resins exerted less strain onto adjacent tooth structure than a traditional composite, even when that composite is was placed incrementally. Bulk-filling with traditional composite resins is unpredictable and contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilhelm G. Ólafsson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
| | - André V. Ritter
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 440 Brauer Hall, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
| | - Edward J. Swift
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1611 Koury Oral Health Sciences Building, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
| | - Lee W. Boushell
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 448 Brauer Hall, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 275 Brauer Hall, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7454
| | - Gabrielle R. Jackson
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 330 Brauer Hall, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7450
| | - Sumitha N. Ahmed
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 441 Brauer Hall, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
| | - Terence E. Donovan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 437 Brauer Hall, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7450
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Almeida LJDS, Penha KJDS, Souza AF, Lula ECO, Magalhães FC, Lima DM, Firoozmand LM. Is there correlation between polymerization shrinkage, gap formation, and void in bulk fill composites? A μCT study. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e100. [PMID: 29267661 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the volume of polymerization shrinkage (VS), gap (VG), and void (VV) using computerized microtomography (μCT) in bulk fill resin composites and conventional class I restorations, and to establish a correlation between these factors. Class I cavities (4 x 5 x 4 mm), C-factor = 4.2, were performed on caries-free human third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): FSI (Filtek Supreme XTE incremental insertion); FSS [(Filtek Supreme XTE single insertion(SI)]; TBF [(Tetric Bulk Fill: SI and manual filling (MF)]; SFM (Sonic Fill: SI/MF); and SFS (SonicFill: SI and sonic filling). The teeth were scanned and analyzed by μCT at T0, after filling the cavity with resin, and at T1, after polymerization for VG and VV, and for VS (T1-T0). There was statistically significant difference in VS in μCT for the FSI and FSS groups and between SFS and FSS as well as some difference in VV for FSI and bulk fill resin composites and no difference in VG between the conventional technique and bulk fill composites. Bulk fill resin composites presented similar VS and gap formation to those of incrementally inserted conventional resin composites. There is a moderate and weak positive correlation between polymerization shrinkage and gap formation and void, respectively. The final gap formation was more dependent on the initial gap than on polymerization shrinkage or void volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Ferreira Souza
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Department of Dentistry I, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Cintra Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araraquara Dental School, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Darlon Martins Lima
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Department of Dentistry I, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Barcelos LM, Bicalho AA, Veríssimo C, Rodrigues MP, Soares CJ. Stress Distribution, Tooth Remaining Strain, and Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Molars Restored Without or With One or Two Fiberglass Posts And Direct Composite Resin. Oper Dent 2017; 42:646-657. [DOI: 10.2341/16-224-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
To evaluate the effects of direct composite resin without a post or with one or two fiberglass posts on the restoration of severely compromised endodontically treated molars.
Methods and Materials:
Forty-five molars with 2 mm of “remaining tooth structure” were divided into three groups: Wfgp, restored with Filtek Z350XT without a fiberglass post; 1fgp, restored with Z350XT with one fiberglass post in the distal root canal; and 2fgp, restored with Z350XT with two fiberglass posts, one in the distal root canal and the other in the mesial-buccal root canal. The teeth were load cycled. Tooth remaining strain was measured using strain gauges (n=10) at two moments: TrSt-100 N, during 100 N occlusal loading, and TrSt-Fr, at fracture load. Fracture resistance was calculated, and fracture mode was classified. The elastic modulus and Vickers hardness were calculated using dynamic indentation (n=5). Stress distribution was analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Results:
The use of two fiberglass posts resulted in lower fracture resistance than was noted in the groups with one fiberglass post and without fiberglass posts. The lingual surface of the remaining tooth had higher strain values than the buccal surface, regardless of the restorative technique and moment of evaluation. The absence of a fiberglass post resulted in significantly higher strain values and more irreparable fracture modes than were noted in the other groups. The use of one fiberglass post had a better strain/fracture resistance ratio. Stresses were concentrated in the occlusal portion of the post and in the furcation region. The presence of one fiberglass post resulted in better stress distribution in the entire distal root dentin, reducing stress on the critical areas.
Conclusions:
The use of one fiberglass post for restoring molars with direct composite resin resulted in higher fracture resistance than did the use of two fiberglass posts; it also resulted in better tooth remaining strain and stress distribution and more reparable fracture modes than were seen in the group without a fiberglass post.
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Affiliation(s)
- LM Barcelos
- Luciana Mendes Barcelos, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - AA Bicalho
- Aline Aredes Bicalho, Technical Health School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C Veríssimo
- Crisnicaw Veríssimo, School of Dentistry, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - MP Rodrigues
- Monise de Paula Rodrigues, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - CJ Soares
- Carlos Jose Soares, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Soares CJ, Rosatto CMP, Carvalho VF, Bicalho AA, Henriques JCG, Faria-e-Silva AL. Radiopacity and Porosity of Bulk-fill and Conventional Composite Posterior Restorations—Digital X-ray Analysis. Oper Dent 2017; 42:616-625. [DOI: 10.2341/16-146-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To compare radiopacity and porosity as expressed by the presence of voids in restorations carried out using bulk-fill and incremental filling techniques to restore large mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities.
Methods:
Fifty-five molars with MOD preparations were incrementally filled with Filtek Z-350XT (Z350XT) or bulk-fill composite: Filtek Bulk Fill/Z-350XT (FBF/Z350XT), Venus Bulk Fill/Charisma Diamond (VBF/CHA), SDR/Esthet-X HD (SDR/EST-X), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC). Digital radiographic images (Vistascan scanner) were taken of restored molars and analyzed at the gingival and isthmus floors. Radiodensity measurements were performed using standardized points symmetrically distributed over each region of composite and tooth structure. Three calibrated evaluators visually assessed the presence of voids. Confidence intervals were calculated, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance and χ2 tests.
Results:
TEC and VBF/CHA showed significantly higher radiodensities, while the lowest values were observed for FBF/Z350XT and Z350XT. Radiodensity at the cervical regions tended to be greater than that found at the isthmus floor. The lowest incidence of voids was found for VBF/CHA, whereas the incremental insertion technique resulted in the highest rate of voids.
Conclusion:
Bulk-fill composite resin demonstrated an adequate level of radiodensity and a reduced presence of voids compared with the incremental filling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Soares
- Carlos José Soares, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - CMP Rosatto
- Camila M. Perez Rosatto, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - VF Carvalho
- Valessa Flausino Carvalho, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - AA Bicalho
- Aline Aredes Bicalho, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - JCG Henriques
- João César Guimarães Henriques, Department of Radiology and Stomatology, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - AL Faria-e-Silva
- André Luis Faria-e-Silva, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Braga S, Oliveira L, Rodrigues RB, Bicalho AA, Novais VR, Armstrong S, Soares CJ. The Effects of Cavity Preparation and Composite Resin on Bond Strength and Stress Distribution Using the Microtensile Bond Test. Oper Dent 2017; 43:81-89. [PMID: 28976839 DOI: 10.2341/16-338-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of flowable bulk-fill or conventional composite resin on bond strength and stress distribution in flat or mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparations using the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test. METHODS Forty human molars were divided into two groups and received either standardized MOD or flat cavity preparations. Restorations were made using the conventional composite resin Z350 (Filtek Z350XT, 3M-ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) or flowable bulk-fill (FBF) composite resin (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, 3M-ESPE). Postgel shrinkage was measured using the strain gauge technique (n=10). The Z350 buildup was made in two increments of 2.0 mm, and the FBF was made in a single increment of 4.0 mm. Six rectangular sticks were obtained for each tooth, and each section was used for μTBS testing at 1.0 mm/min. Polymerization shrinkage was modeled using postgel shrinkage data. The μTBS data were analyzed statistically using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the postgel shrinkage data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. The failure modes were analyzed using a chi-square test (α=0.05). RESULTS Our results show that both the type of cavity preparation and the composite resin used affect the bond strength and stress distribution. The Z350 composite resin had a higher postgel shrinkage than the FBF composite resin. The μTBS of the MOD preparation was influenced by the type of composite resin used. Irrespective of composite resin, flat cavity preparations resulted in higher μTBS than MOD preparations ( p<0.001). Specifically, in flat-prepared cavities, FBF composite resin had a similar μTBS relative to Z350 composite resin. However, in MOD-prepared cavities, those with FBF composite resin had higher μTBS values than those with Z350 composite resin. Adhesive failure was prevalent for all tested groups. The MOD preparation resulted in higher shrinkage stress than the flat preparation, irrespective of composite resin. For MOD-prepared cavities, FBF composite resin resulted in lower stress than Z350 composite resin. However, no differences were found for flat-prepared cavities. CONCLUSIONS FBF composite resin had lower shrinkage stress than Z350 conventional composite resin. The μTBS of the MOD preparation was influenced by the composite resin type. Flat cavity preparations had no influence on stress and μTBS. However, for MOD preparation, composite resin with higher shrinkage stress resulted in lower μTBS values.
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Singhal S, Gurtu A, Singhal A, Bansal R, Mohan S. Effect of Different Composite Restorations on the Cuspal Deflection of Premolars Restored with Different Insertion Techniques- An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC67-ZC70. [PMID: 28969277 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/20159.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to assess the effect of different composite materials on the cuspal deflection of premolars restored with bulk placement of resin composite in comparison to horizontal incremental placement and modified tangential incremental placement. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the cuspal deflection caused by different composite materials when different insertion techniques were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different composite materials were used that is Tetric N Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent marketing, India) and SonicFillTM (Kerr Sybron Dental). Forty standardized Mesio-Occluso-Distal (MOD) preparations were prepared on maxillary first premolars. Each group was divided according to composite insertion technique (n=10), as follows: Group I - bulk insertion using Tetric N Ceram, Group II - Horizontal incremental insertion technique using Tetric N Ceram, Group III- Modified tangential incremental technique using Tetric N Ceram, and Group IV- bulk insertion using SonicFillTM. Preparations were acid-etched, and bonded with adhesive resin to provide micro mechanical attachment before restoration using a uniform etching and bonding protocol in all the groups. All groups received the same total photo-polymerization time. Cuspal deflection was measured during the restorative procedure using customized digital micrometer assembly. One-way ANOVA test was applied for the analysis of significant difference between the groups, p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The average cuspal deflections for the different groups were as follows: Group I 0.045±0.018, Group II 0.029±0.009, Group III 0.018±0.005 and Group IV 0.017±0.004. The intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION A measurable amount of cuspal deflection was present in all the four studied groups. In general, bulkfill restoration technique with conventional composite showed significantly highest cusp deflection. There were no significant differences in cuspal deflection among sonicFillTM and modified tangential incremental insertion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Singhal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuraag Gurtu
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Singhal
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Bansal
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Soares CJ, Ferreira MS, Bicalho AA, de Paula Rodrigues M, Braga S, Versluis A. Effect of Light Activation of Pulp-Capping Materials and Resin Composite on Dentin Deformation and the Pulp Temperature Change. Oper Dent 2017; 43:71-80. [PMID: 28976847 DOI: 10.2341/16-325-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect of pulp-capping materials and resin composite light activation on strain and temperature development in the pulp and on the interfacial integrity at the pulpal floor/pulp-capping materials in large molar class II cavities. METHODS Forty extracted molars received large mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity bur preparation with 1.0 mm of dentin remaining at the pulp floor. Four pulp-capping materials (self-etching adhesive system, Clearfil SE Bond [CLE], Kuraray), two light-curing calcium hydroxide cements (BioCal [BIO], Biodinâmica, and Ultra-Blend Plus [ULT], Ultradent), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement- (Vitrebond [VIT], 3M ESPE) were applied on the pulpal floor. The cavities were incrementally restored with resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Thermocouple (n=10) and strain gauge (n=10) were placed inside the pulp chamber in contact with the top of the pulpal floor to detect temperature changes and dentin strain during light curing of the pulp-capping materials and during resin composite restoration. Exotherm was calculated by subtracting postcure from polymerization temperature (n=10). Interface integrity at the pulpal floor was investigated using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272, Bruker). The degree of cure of capping materials was calculated using the Fourier transform infrared and attenuated total reflectance cell. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS Pulpal dentin strains (μs) during light curing of CLE were higher than for other pulp-capping materials ( p<0.001). During resin composite light activation, the pulpal dentin strain increased for ULT, VIT, and CLE and decreased for BIO. The pulpal dentin strain was significantly higher during pulp-capping light activation. The temperature inside the pulp chamber increased approximately 3.5°C after light curing the pulp-capping materials and approximately 2.1°C after final restoration. Pulp-capping material type had no influence temperature increase. The micro-CT showed perfect interfacial integrity after restoration for CLE and ULT; however, gaps were found between BIO and pulpal floor in all specimens. BIO had a significantly lower degree of conversion than ULT, VIT, and CLE. CONCLUSIONS Light curing of pulp-capping materials caused deformation of pulpal dentin and increased pulpal temperature in large MOD cavities. Shrinkage of the resin composite restoration caused debonding of BIO from the pulpal floor.
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Abstract
After a brief review of current restorative materials and classifications, this article discusses the latest developments in polymer-based direct filling materials, with emphasis on products and studies available in the last 10 years. This will include the more recent bulk fill composites and self-adhesive materials, for which clinical evidence of success, albeit somewhat limited, is already available. The article also introduces the latest cutting edge research topics on new materials for composite restorations, and an outlook for the future of how those may help to improve the service life of dental composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmem S Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 Southwest Moody Avenue, Room 6N036, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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Faria-e-Silva AL, Fanger C, Nguyen L, Howerton D, Pfeifer CS. Impact of Material Shade and Distance from Light Curing Unit Tip on the Depth of Polymerization of Composites. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:632-637. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the composite shade and distance from the light-curing unit (LCU) tip on the irradiance reaching the bottom of composite disks and on the depth of polymerization. Composites of three shades (opaque - OXDC, bleach - BXL, and A2) were inserted into molds with 3-mm of thickness positioned over a spectrometer and photo-activated with the LCU (Bluephase) tip placed at 0 or 1 cm from the composite surface. The mean irradiance reaching the bottom of composite was recorded during the entire photo-activation (30 s). Specimens (2 x 2 x 4 mm) were polymerized and used to map the degree of conversion achieved in different depths from irradiated surface. Specimens were sectioned into slices that were positioned over the platform of the infra-red microscope connected to the spectrometer to map the conversion. The conversion was measured in eight different depths every 500-µm. Increasing the distance of LCU tip reduced the irradiance only for A2. Interposing OXDC disks resulted in lowest values of irradiance and A2 the highest one. A tendency to decrease the conversion was observed towards the bottom of specimens for all experimental conditions, and the slope was more accentuated for OXDC. Differences among shades and distances from LCU tip were evident only beyond 1.5-2.0 mm of depth. In conclusion, both composite shade and distance from LCU tip might affect the light-transmission and depth of polymerization, while the effect of last was more pronounced.
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Soares CJ, Faria-E-Silva AL, Rodrigues MDP, Vilela ABF, Pfeifer CS, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A. Polymerization shrinkage stress of composite resins and resin cements - What do we need to know? Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e62. [PMID: 28902242 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization shrinkage stress of resin-based materials have been related to several unwanted clinical consequences, such as enamel crack propagation, cusp deflection, marginal and internal gaps, and decreased bond strength. Despite the absence of strong evidence relating polymerization shrinkage to secondary caries or fracture of posterior teeth, shrinkage stress has been associated with post-operative sensitivity and marginal stain. The latter is often erroneously used as a criterion for replacement of composite restorations. Therefore, an indirect correlation can emerge between shrinkage stress and the longevity of composite restorations or resin-bonded ceramic restorations. The relationship between shrinkage and stress can be best studied in laboratory experiments and a combination of various methodologies. The objective of this review article is to discuss the concept and consequences of polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress of composite resins and resin cements. Literature relating to polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress generation, research methodologies, and contributing factors are selected and reviewed. Clinical techniques that could reduce shrinkage stress and new developments on low-shrink dental materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luis Faria-E-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Dental School, Department of Dentistry, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monise de Paula Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andomar Bruno Fernandes Vilela
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Oregon Health and Science University - OHSU, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Daranee Tantbirojn
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Antheunis Versluis
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, TN, United States of America
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42
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Influence of radiotherapy on the dentin properties and bond strength. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:875-883. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yazici AR, Antonson SA, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E. Thirty-Six-Month Clinical Comparison of Bulk Fill and Nanofill Composite Restorations. Oper Dent 2017; 42:478-485. [PMID: 28581919 DOI: 10.2341/16-220-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanofill and a bulk fill resin composite in class II restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS In accordance with a split-mouth design, 50 patients received at least one pair of restorations, restored with a nanofill resin composite (Filtek Ultimate [FU]) and with a bulk fill resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill [TB]). Each restorative resin was used with its respective adhesive system according to the manufacturers' instructions. A total of 104 class II restorations were placed by two operators. The restorations were blindly evaluated by two examiners at baseline and at six, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months using modified US Public Health Service Ryge criteria. The comparison of the two restorative materials for each category was performed with the chi-square test (α=0.05). The baseline scores were compared with those at the recall visits using the Cochran Q-test. RESULTS At six, 12, 18, and 24 months, the recall rate was 100%, 98%, 94%, and 82%, respectively, with a retention rate of 100%. At 36 months, 81 restorations were evaluated in 39 patients with a recall rate of 78%. For marginal adaptation, four restorations from the TB group and 10 from the FU group rated as Bravo. Two restorations from the TB and eight restorations from the FU group showed marginal discoloration. There were statistically significant differences between the two restorative resins in terms of marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration (p<0.05). No differences were observed between the restorative resins in terms of retention (p>0.05). One restored tooth from the FU group was crowned. The retention rates for the TB and the FU groups were 100%. In the FU group, two restorations showed slightly rough surfaces, and two showed a slight mismatch in color. None of the restorations showed postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, or loss of anatomic form. CONCLUSIONS The tested bulk fill restorative resin demonstrated better clinical performance in terms of marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation.
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Machado AC, Soares CJ, Reis BR, Bicalho AA, Raposo L, Soares PV. Stress-strain Analysis of Premolars With Non-carious Cervical Lesions: Influence of Restorative Material, Loading Direction and Mechanical Fatigue. Oper Dent 2017; 42:253-265. [PMID: 28467256 DOI: 10.2341/14-195-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are characterized by a loss of dental structure at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) caused by stress, biocorrosion, and attrition. Variations in occlusal loading can promote different stress and strain patterns on the CEJ. Restoration of NCCLs is part of lesion management; however, there is still no conclusive restorative protocol for NCCLs. This study aimed to evaluate the stress and strain distribution of maxillary premolars with NCCLs according to three factors: 1) restorative technique; 2) direction of occlusal loading; and 3) mechanical fatigue. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) and strain gauge testing were used to assess stress and strain, respectively. 3D-FEA orthotropic, linear, and elastic models were generated: sound tooth (SO); unrestored NCCL; or NCCL restored with glass ionomer; flowable composite resin; nanofilled composite resin (CR); lithium disilicate ceramic; and nanofilled composite resin core associated with a lithium disilicate laminate (CL). A 150-N compressive static load was applied in two conditions: axially in both cusps (Al); and at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth applied to the palatine cusp (Ol). For the experimental tests, specimens were treated as described previously, and one strain gauge was attached to the buccal surface of each tooth to record tooth strains before and after cyclic loading (200,000 cycles, 50 N). FEA showed that the association of NCCL and Ol resulted in higher stress values. CR and CL restorations showed the closest biomechanical behavior to SO for both loading types. Loaded Al or Ol specimens showed higher strain values after mechanical fatigue. Lower stress and strain were observed with Al when compared with Ol. The restoration of NCCLs with composite resin only or associated with ceramic laminates seems to be the best approach because the results for those groups were similar in biomechanical behaviors to sound teeth.
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Atalay C, Yazici AR, Horuztepe A, Nagas E, Ertan A, Ozgunaltay G. Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored With Bulk Fill, Bulk Fill Flowable, Fiber-reinforced, and Conventional Resin Composite. Oper Dent 2016; 41:E131-E140. [PMID: 27352045 DOI: 10.2341/15-320-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different types of restorative resins. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy-two sound maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=12). The teeth in the first group were left intact and tested as unprepared negative control (group I) specimens. The teeth in the remaining five groups were prepared with MOD cavities and endodontically treated. The teeth in one of the five groups (positive control group II) were unrestored. The rest of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group III: bulk fill resin composite/Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE); group IV: bulk fill flowable resin composite + nanohybrid/SureFil SDR Flow + Ceram.X Mono (Dentsply); group V: fiber-reinforced composite + posterior resin composite/GC everX posterior + G-aenial posterior (GC Corp.); and group VI: nanohybrid resin composite/Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar/Vivadent). Each restorative material was used with its respective adhesive system. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C and were then thermocycled (5-55°C, 1000×). Specimens were subjected to a compressive load until fracture at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey honestly significantly different test (p<0.05). RESULTS Sound premolar teeth (group I negative control) showed significantly higher fracture resistance than did the other tested groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the fracture resistance values of the restored groups (groups III, IV, V, and VI) (p>0.05). The lowest values were obtained in the positive control group (group II); these values were significantly lower than those of the other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The fracture resistance values of endodontically treated teeth restored with either bulk fill/bulk fill flowable or fiber-reinforced composite were not different from those restored with conventional nanohybrid resin composite.
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Pereira AG, Raposo L, Teixeira D, Gonzaga R, Cardoso IO, Soares CJ, Soares PV. Influence of Battery Level of a Cordless LED Unit on the Properties of a Nanofilled Composite Resin. Oper Dent 2016; 41:409-16. [PMID: 26919084 DOI: 10.2341/15-200-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The properties of composite resins can be influenced by light activation, depending primarily on the performance of the curing unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different battery levels of a cordless light-emitting diode (LED) unit influence the properties of a nanofilled composite resin. First, the battery voltage and light intensity of the cordless LED unit were individually checked for all light-curing cycles. Then, composite resin discs were prepared and light-cured at different battery levels: high level (HL, 100%), medium level (ML, 50%), and low level (LL, 10%). The degree of conversion, diametral tensile strength, sorption, and solubility of the specimens were tested. Data were checked for homoscedasticity and submitted to one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference and Pearson correlation tests (p<0.05). The battery voltage and light intensity varied significantly among the groups (p<0.001). The LL group presented a lower degree of conversion than the HL and ML groups (p<0.001), which shower similar results (p=0.182). Lower diametral tensile strength was also verified for the LL group when compared with the HL and ML groups (p<0.001), which presented no difference (p=0.052). Positive correlation was observed between the light intensity and the parameters studied, with the exception of sorption and solubility (p<0.001). The ML and LL groups showed higher sorption than the HL group (p <0.001), but no difference was verified between the first two groups (p=0.535). No significant differences were found for solubility between the ML and LL groups (p=0.104), but the HL group presented lower values (p<0.001). The different battery levels of the cordless LED curing unit influenced all the properties of the nanofilled composite resin evaluated.
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Soares CJ, Bicalho AA, Verissimo C, Soares P, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A. Delayed Photo-activation Effects on Mechanical Properties of Dual Cured Resin Cements and Finite Element Analysis of Shrinkage Stresses in Teeth Restored With Ceramic Inlays. Oper Dent 2016; 41:491-500. [PMID: 26794188 DOI: 10.2341/15-090-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of delayed photo-activation on elastic modulus, Knoop hardness, and post-gel shrinkage of dual cure resin cements and how this affects residual shrinkage stresses in posterior teeth restored with ceramic inlays. METHODS AND MATERIALS Four self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE; GCem, GC; MonoCem, Shofu; and seT, SDI) and two conventional (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE; and AllCem, FGM) dual cure resin cements for cementing posterior ceramic inlays were tested. Strain gauge and indentation tests were used to measure the post-gel shrinkage (Shr), elastic modulus (E), and Knoop hardness (KHN) when photo-activated immediately and 3 and 5 minutes after placement (n=10). Shr, E, and KHN results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests (α=0.05). The experimentally determined properties were applied in a finite element analysis of a leucite ceramic inlay (Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) cemented in a premolar. Modified von Mises stresses were evaluated at the occlusal margins and cavity floor. RESULTS Shr, E, and KHN varied significantly among the resin cements (p<0.001). Highest overall Shr values were found for RelyX Unicem; GCem had the lowest. Increasing the photo-activation delay decreased Shr significantly. Delayed photo-activation had no effect on E (p=0.556) or KHN (p=0.927). RelyX Unicem had the highest E values; seT and MonoCem had the lowest E values. AllCem and RelyX Unicem had the highest KHN and MonoCem had the lowest KHN. Cements with high Shr and E values caused higher shrinkage stresses. Stresses decreased with delayed photo-activation for all cements. CONCLUSIONS KHN and E values varied among the different resin cements. Residual shrinkage stress levels decreased with increasing photo-activation delay with all resin cements.
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Pereira RAS, Bicalho AA, Franco SD, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A, Soares CJ. Effect of Restorative Protocol on Cuspal Strain and Residual Stress in Endodontically Treated Molars. Oper Dent 2016; 41:23-33. [DOI: 10.2341/14-178-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of the restorative protocol on cuspal strain, fracture resistance, residual stress, and mechanical properties of restorative materials in endodontically treated molars.
Methods
Forty-five molars received mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) Class II preparations and endodontic treatment followed by direct restorations using three restorative protocols: composite resin (CR) only (Filtek Supreme, 3M-ESPE), resin modified glass ionomer cement in combination with CR (Vitremer, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity), conventional glass ionomer cement in combination with composite resin (CGI-CR) (Ketac Fil, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity). Cuspal strain was measured using strain gauges, and fracture resistance was tested with an occlusal load. Elastic modulus (EM) and Vickers hardness (VH) of the restorative materials were determined at different depths using dynamic microhardness indentation. Curing shrinkage was measured using the strain gauge technique. The restorative protocols were also simulated in finite element analysis (FEA). The shrinkage strain, cuspal strain, EM, VH, and fracture resistance data were statistically analyzed using split-plot analysis of variance and Tukey test (p=0.05). Residual shrinkage stresses were expressed in modified von Mises equivalent stresses.
Results
Shrinkage strain values (in volume %) were Ketac Fil (0.08±0.01) < Vitremer (0.18±0.01) < Filtek Supreme (0.54±0.03). Cuspal strain was higher and fracture resistance was lower when using CR only compared with the techniques that used glass ionomer. The EM and VH of the materials in the pulp chamber were significantly lower for glass ionomer. The FEA showed that using CR only resulted in higher residual stresses in enamel and root dentin close to the pulp chamber than the combinations with glass ionomers (RMGI-CR and CGI-CR).
Conclusions
The choice of restorative protocol significantly affected the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated molars. Using glass ionomer to fill the pulp chamber is recommended when endodontically treated molars receive direct composite restorations because it reduces cuspal strain and increases fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- RAS Pereira
- Renata Afonso da Silva Pereira, DDS, MS, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - AA Bicalho
- Aline Aredes Bicalho, DDS, MS, PhD, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - SD Franco
- Sinésio Franco, Eng, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - A Versluis
- Antheunis Versluis, PhD, professor and director, Biomaterials Research, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - CJ Soares
- Carlos José Soares, DDS, MS, PhD, professor and chairman, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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MACHADO FW, BORGES FB, CENCI MS, MORAES RRD, BOSCATO N. Effect of filling technique on the bond strength of methacrylate and silorane-based composite restorations. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100237. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Effect of temperature and humidity on post-gel shrinkage, cusp deformation, bond strength and shrinkage stress – Construction of a chamber to simulate the oral environment. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1523-32. [PMID: 26518338 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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