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Jiang H, Li X, Zhou F, Xi Y, Xu G. HMGA2 promotes resistance against paclitaxel by targeting the p53 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31431. [PMID: 38845972 PMCID: PMC11154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and ranks second in terms of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its metastasis, drug resistance, and reoccurrence. High-mobility gene group A2 (HMGA2) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, contributing to the aggressiveness of tumor malignance, and promotes drug resistance in many types of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of HMGA2 is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that HMGA2 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissue, and knockdown of HMGA2 significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and migratory capability. HMGA2 regulates the cancer cell response to a widely used anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). HMGA2 knockdown increased cell death, whereas HMGA2 overexpression decreased cell death after PTX treatment. Furthermore, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial potential were detected in HMGA2 overexpression cells after PTX treatment. However, HMGA2 knockdown produced the opposite effect. RNA sequencing showed a p53 signaling pathway-dependent regulation in HMGA2 knockdown cells. Combined with p53 inhibitors and HMGA2 knockdown, a synergetic effect of more cell death was observed in colorectal cancer cells after PTX treatment. Thus, we showed that HMGA2 can activate p53 signaling to regulate colorectal cancer cell death after PTX treatment. Altogether, our results reveal novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HMGA2-mediated cancer cell resistance against PTX and highlight the potential of targeting HMGA2 and p53 signaling for the therapeutic investigation of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
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Kong D, Zha L, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Gao J, Zhang R, Chen L, Wang Z. Effects of HMGA2 on the biological characteristics and stemness acquisition of gastric cancer cells. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:135-142. [PMID: 38378354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a nonhistone nuclear binding protein, modulates transcription by altering the chromatin architecture of the target gene DNA in its specific AT-hooks region. HMGA2 overexpression has been observed in embryonic tissue and many malignant neoplasms. This study sought to verify whether HMGA2 plays a role in the biological functions of gastric cancer cells, such as cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration, and stem cell acquisition, and to provide some ideas for further research on the metastatic mechanism of gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS HMGA2's effects on the proliferation, invasiveness, and migration capabilities of gastric cancer cells were individually detected by BrdU, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate whether HMGA2 could promote the acquisition of gastric cancer cells. Biostatistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows. RESULTS HMGA2 expression levels in gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher than those in human immortalized gastric epithelial cell lines (p < 0.01). Gastric cancer cell proliferation was inhibited when HMGA2 was overexpressed (p < 0.05). The invasiveness and migration capabilities of gastric cancer cells with HMGA2 overexpression were enhanced more than those of the corresponding control groups (p < 0.05). HMGA2 overexpression promotes the stemness acquisition of stem cells from gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study verified that the HMGA2 structural transcription factor promotes invasiveness, migration, and acquisition of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings provide significant insight for further research on the metastatic mechanism of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Lang Zha
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaben Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Luo Z, Zheng Q, Ye S, Li Y, Chen J, Fan C, Chen J, Lei Y, Liao Q, Xi Y. HMGA2 alleviates ferroptosis by promoting GPX4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:220. [PMID: 38493165 PMCID: PMC10944463 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumor types and is characterized by high metastasis ability and a low survival rate. As a chromatin-binding protein, HMGA2 is widely overexpressed and considered an oncogene with various undefined regulatory mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrated that HMGA2 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, mainly distributed in epithelial cells, and represents a subtype of high epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Deletion of HMGA2 inhibits tumor malignancy through cell proliferation, metastasis, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, HMGA2 enhanced the cellular redox status by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and promoting glutathione production. Importantly, ferroptotic cell death was significantly ameliorated in cells overexpressing HMGA2. Conversely, HMGA2 deletion exacerbated ferroptosis. Mechanistically, HMGA2 activated GPX4 expression through transcriptional and translational regulation. HMGA2 binds and promotes cis-element modification in the promoter region of the GPX4 gene by enhancing enhancer activity through increased H3K4 methylation and H3K27 acetylation. Furthermore, HMGA2 stimulated GPX4 protein synthesis via the mTORC1-4EBP1 and -S6K signaling axes. The overexpression of HMGA2 alleviated the decrease in GPX4 protein levels resulting from the pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1. Conversely, compared with the control, HMGA2 deletion more strongly reduced the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6K. A strong positive correlation between HMGA2 and GPX4 expression was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. We also demonstrated that HMGA2 mitigated the sensitivity of cancer cells to combination treatment with a ferroptosis inducer and mTORC1 inhibition or gemcitabine. In summary, our results revealed a regulatory mechanism by which HMGA2 coordinates GPX4 expression and underscores the potential value of targeting HMGA2 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qingfang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shazhou Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanguo Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chengjiang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuxin Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Ameri A, Ahmed HM, Pecho RDC, Arabnozari H, Sarabadani H, Esbati R, Mirabdali S, Yazdani O. Diverse activity of miR-150 in Tumor development: shedding light on the potential mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37924077 PMCID: PMC10625198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the role and mechanism of action of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer. The miRNAs are defined as short non-coding RNAs (18-22nt) that regulate fundamental cellular processes through mRNA targeting in multicellular organisms. The miR-150 is one of the miRNAs that have a crucial role during tumor cell progression and metastasis. Based on accumulated evidence, miR-150 acts as a double-edged sword in malignant cells, leading to either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic function. An overview of miR-150 function and interactions with regulatory and signaling pathways helps to elucidate these inconsistent effects in metastatic cells. Aberrant levels of miR-150 are detectable in metastatic cells that are closely related to cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The ability of miR-150 in regulating of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, a critical stage in tumor cell migration and metastasis, has been highlighted. Depending on the cancer cells type and gene expression profile, levels of miR-150 and potential target genes in the fundamental cellular process can be different. Interaction between miR-150 and other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, can have a profound effect on the behavior of metastatic cells. MiR-150 plays a significant role in cancer metastasis and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hoda Sarabadani
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Information Technology & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedsaber Mirabdali
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Oflas D, Canaz F, Özer İ, Demir L, Çolak E. Significance of High-Mobility Group A Protein 2 Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Ampullary Adenocarcinoma. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:1014-1024. [PMID: 37787719 PMCID: PMC10645280 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pancreatic and ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) are quite resistant to chemotherapy with high metastasis potential. Our study aimed to interpret high-mobility group A protein 2 (HMGA2) expression in benign and precursor pancreatic lesions and pancreatic and ampullary carcinoma and to evaluate its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, normal-appearing pancreas, chronic pancreatitis (CP), low- (L) and high (H)-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and AAC were evaluated with the immunohistochemical marker of HMGA2. Vimentin and E-cadherin immunohistochemical stains were applied in PDAC and AAC. RESULTS The HMGA2 expression was not detected in normal-appearing pancreas, CP, and L-PanIN. A statistically significant expression was observed in PDAC and H-PanIN (P < .001). A statistically significant correlation was found between loss of membranous E-cadherin expression and vimentin positivity and HMGA2 expression (P > .05). The HMGA2 expression was observed to increase the risk of diseaserelated death and decrease overall survival (OS) in AAC and the neoplasia group (P = .002 and P = .016, respectively). There was no significant difference in OS and risk of death in PDAC (P > .05) with respect to HMGA2 positivity. CONCLUSION High-mobility group A protein 2 is a helpful immunohistochemical marker in differentiating CP from PDAC. It also plays a role in EMT and may serve as a potential new prognostic agent and therapeutic target in tumors of the periampullary region, especially AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Oflas
- Department of Pathology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Funda Canaz
- Department of Pathology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - İlter Özer
- Department of General Surgery, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Çolak
- Department of Biostatistics, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Van Branteghem C, Augenlicht A, Demetter P, Craciun L, Maenhaut C. Unraveling the Roles of miR-204-5p and HMGA2 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10764. [PMID: 37445942 PMCID: PMC10341554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor with an increasing incidence rate. Although differentiated types of thyroid cancer generally present good clinical outcomes, some dedifferentiate into aggressive and lethal forms. However, the molecular mechanisms governing aggressiveness and dedifferentiation are still poorly understood. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is often correlated to tumor development, and miR-204-5p has previously been identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma as downregulated and associated with aggressiveness. This study aimed to explore its role in thyroid tumorigenesis. To address this, gain-of-function experiments were performed by transiently transfecting miR-204-5p in thyroid cancer cell lines. Then, the clinical relevance of our data was evaluated in vivo. We prove that this miRNA inhibits cell invasion by regulating several targets associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as SNAI2, TGFBR2, SOX4 and HMGA2. HMGA2 expression is regulated by the MAPK pathway but not by the PI3K, IGF1R or TGFβ pathways, and the inhibition of cell invasion by miR-204-5p involves direct binding and repression of HMGA2. Finally, we confirmed in vivo the relationship between miR-204-5p and HMGA2 in human PTC and a corresponding mouse model. Our data suggest that HMGA2 inhibition offers promising perspectives for thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Van Branteghem
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Alice Augenlicht
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.V.B.); (A.A.)
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Wang J, Wu X, Xu J, Liao Y, Deng M, Wang X, Li J. Differential expression and bioinformatics analysis of exosome circRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101686. [PMID: 37182508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. Increasing evidence indicated circRNAs were associated with the pathogenesis and progression of tumors, but data on the expression of serum exosomal circRNAs in PDAC are scarce. This study attempted to explore the prognostic value and function of serum exosomes in PDAC patients. METHODS Microarray-based circRNA expression was determined in PDAC and paired with normal serum samples, and the intersection of differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in serum exosomal samples and GSE79634 tissue samples was conducted. A specific CircRNA database was applied to investigate DECs binding miRNAs. Target genes were predicted using the R package multiMiR. Cox regression analyses were applied for constructing a prognostic model. The immunological characteristics analysis was carried out through the TIMER, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, EPIC, and ssGSEA algorithms. RESULTS 15 DECs were finally identified, and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established. A prognostic risk model was developed to categorize patients according to the risk scores. Furthermore, the association between risk score and immune checkpoint genes including CD80, TNFSF9, CD276, CD274, LGALS9, and CD44 were significantly elevated in the high-risk group, while ICOSLG and ADORA2A were upregulated in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our results may provide new clues for the prognosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Yangjie Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China.
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Mahmoudian RA, Akhlaghipour I, Lotfi M, Shahidsales S, Moghbeli M. Circular RNAs as the pivotal regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastrointestinal tumor cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154472. [PMID: 37087995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the most common human malignancies are always considered one of the most important health challenges in the world. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate and treatment failure in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular pathways involved in GI tumor progression is required to introduce the efficient markers for the early tumor diagnosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in the GI tumor metastasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main regulatory factors in EMT process. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed loop ncRNAs that have higher stability in body fluids compared with other ncRNAs. Considering the importance of circRNAs in regulation of EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of circRNAs in EMT process during GI tumor invasion. It has been reported that circRNAs mainly affect the EMT process through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways such as WNT, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK. This review can be an effective step in introducing a circRNA/EMT based diagnostic panel marker for the early tumor detection among GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Song Z, Liao C, Yao L, Xu X, Shen X, Tian S, Wang S, Xing F. miR-219-5p attenuates cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy via targeting HMGA2. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:596-607. [PMID: 36494581 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study confirmed that miR-219-5p inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer (OC) by targeting high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), while the role of miR-219-5p on the chemoresistance of OC is unclear. HMGA2 and miR-219-5p expression in OC tumors and various types of OC cells were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The miRNA profiles in A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780 cells were investigated via bulk miRNA sequencing, and the interactions of miR-219-5p and HMGA2 were determined by luciferase reporter activity assay. Cell function was verified through Cell Counting Kit-8, invasion assay, wound-healing, and TUNEL assays. HMGA2 level is highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant OC cell lines compared to normal OC cells, while the expression trend of miR-219-5p is the opposite. In addition, we found that miR-219-5p is one of the miRNAs that have the most significant reduction in levels in the cisplatin-resistant A2780/DDP cell line compared to A2780 cells. Then, we reveal that miR-219-5p directly targets HMGA2 in cisplatin-resistant OC cells, and upregulation of miR-219-5p significantly reduces the resistance of OC cells to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy pathway is involved in the role of miR-219-5p/HMGA2 on resistance of OC cells to cisplatin via gain-of-function experiments. Collectively, the present study shows that miR-219-5p decreases the resistance of OC cells to cisplatin via Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy by regulating HMGA2, which provides a feasible solution for the resistance of OC to chemotherapy.
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10
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Yi G, Duan Z. Expression and Clinical Significance of High-Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in Osteosarcoma. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:955-966. [PMID: 35388973 PMCID: PMC9087380 DOI: 10.1111/os.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) has been shown to have crucial roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of various malignancies, its expression and significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Here we evaluate the expression, clinical prognostic value, and overall function of HMGA2 in osteosarcoma. Methods Sixty‐nine osteosarcoma patient specimens within a tissue microarray (TMA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HMGA2 expression. Demographics and clinicopathological information including age, gender, tumor location, metastasis, recurrence, chemotherapy response, follow‐up time, and disease status were also collected. After validation of expression, we determined whether there was a correlation between HMGA2 expression and patient clinicopathology. HMGA2 expression was also evaluated in osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tissues by Western blot, we analyzed the expression of HMGA2 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, 143B, U2OS, Saos‐2, MNNG/HOS, and KHOS. HMGA2‐specific siRNA and clonogenic assays were then used to determine the effect of HMGA2 inhibition on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, growth, and chemosensitivity. Results HMGA2 expression was elevated in the osteosarcoma patient specimens and human osteosarcoma cell lines. HMGA2 was differentially expressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Specifically, a relatively high expression of HMGA2 was present in KHOS, MNNG/HOS, 143B and a relatively low expression was in MG63, U2OS as well as Saos‐2. HMGA2 expression is correlated with metastasis and shorter overall survival. High HMGA2 expression is an independent predictor of poor osteosarcoma prognosis. There was no significant correlation between HMGA2 expression and the age, gender, or tumor site of the patient. HMGA2 expression is predominantly within the nucleus. The expression of HMGA2 also directly correlated to neoadjuvant chemoresistance. There was a significant reduction of HMGA2 expression in the siRNA transfection group. After the use of siRNA, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells is decreased and the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells is significantly increased. Conclusion Our study supports HMGA2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Xu R, Yin S, Zheng M, Pei X, Ji X. Circular RNA circZFR Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating miR-375/HMGA2 Axis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4361-4373. [PMID: 33433801 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have vital roles in human diseases, especially in cancers. AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the biological functions and underlying mechanism of circRNA zinc finger RNA binding (circZFR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The expression levels of circZFR, microRNA-375 (miR-375) and high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot assay. Glycolytic metabolism was examined via the measurement of extracellular acidification rate, oxygen consumption rate, glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP level. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, respectively. The interaction between miR-375 and circZFR or HMGA2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The mice xenograft model was established to investigate the role of circZFR in vivo. RESULTS CircZFR and HMGA2 were upregulated while miR-375 was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells. CircZFR silence inhibited HCC progression by inhibiting cell proliferation, glycolysis and tumor growth and promoting apoptosis. MiR-375 was a direct target of circZFR and its knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of circZFR silence on the progression of HCC cells. Moreover, HMGA2 was a downstream target of miR-375, and miR-375 suppressed proliferation and glycolysis and induced apoptosis by targeting HMGA2 in HCC cells. Besides, circZFR acted as a molecular sponge of miR-375 to regulate HMGA2 expression. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circZFR suppressed the progression of HCC by upregulating miR-375 and downregulating HMGA2, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1 Swan Lake Road, New District of Political Affairs and Culture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shiwu Yin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1 Swan Lake Road, New District of Political Affairs and Culture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohong Pei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1 Swan Lake Road, New District of Political Affairs and Culture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xuebing Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1 Swan Lake Road, New District of Political Affairs and Culture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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13
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Ma Y, Shen N, Wicha MS, Luo M. The Roles of the Let-7 Family of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Stemness. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092415. [PMID: 34572067 PMCID: PMC8469079 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been viewed as a disease of normal development gone awry. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), also termed as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are increasingly recognized as a critical tumor cell population that drives not only tumorigenesis but also cancer progression, treatment resistance and metastatic relapse. The let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs), first identified in C. elegans but functionally conserved from worms to human, constitutes an important class of regulators for diverse cellular functions ranging from cell proliferation, differentiation and pluripotency to cancer development and progression. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the roles of let-7 miRNAs in regulating cancer stemness. We outline several key RNA-binding proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in the regulation of let-7 biogenesis, maturation and function. We then highlight key gene targets and signaling pathways that are regulated or mutually regulated by the let-7 family of miRNAs to modulate CSC characteristics in various types of cancer. We also summarize the existing evidence indicating distinct metabolic pathways regulated by the let-7 miRNAs to impact CSC self-renewal, differentiation and treatment resistance. Lastly, we review current preclinical studies and discuss the clinical implications for developing let-7-based replacement strategies as potential cancer therapeutics that can be delivered through different platforms to target CSCs and reduce/overcome treatment resistance when applied alone or in combination with current chemo/radiation or molecularly targeted therapies. By specifically targeting CSCs, these strategies have the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
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14
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Gundlach JP, Hauser C, Schlegel FM, Willms A, Halske C, Röder C, Krüger S, Röcken C, Becker T, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Prognostic significance of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: malignant functions of cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3313-3324. [PMID: 34302528 PMCID: PMC8484217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HMGA2 has frequently been found in benign as well as malignant tumors and a significant association between HMGA2 overexpression and poor survival in different malignancies was described. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), nuclear HMGA2 expression is associated with tumor dedifferentiation and presence of lymph node metastasis. Nevertheless, the impact of HMGA2 occurrence in other cell compartments is unknown. METHODS Intracellular distribution of HMGA2 was analyzed in PDAC (n = 106) and peritumoral, non-malignant ducts (n = 28) by immunohistochemistry. Findings were correlated with clinico-pathological data. Additionally, intracellular HMGA2 presence was studied by Western blotting of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cultured cells. RESULTS HMGA2 was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cultured cells. In human tumor tissue, HMGA2 was also frequently found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of tumor cells, however, nuclear staining was generally stronger. Direct comparison from tumor tissue with corresponding non-neoplastic peritumoral tissue revealed significantly stronger expression in tumors (p = 0.003). Of note, the nuclear staining was significantly stronger in lymph node metastatic cell nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei (p = 0.049). Interestingly, cytoplasmic staining positively correlated with lymph vessel (p = 0.004) and venous invasion (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION HMGA2 is a prognostic marker in PDAC. Firstly, we found a positive correlation for cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression with lympho-vascular invasion and, secondly, we found a significantly stronger nuclear expression of HMGA2 in cancer-positive lymph node nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei. So far, the role of cytoplasmic HMGA2 is nearly unknown, however, our data lend support to the hypothesis that cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression is involved in nodal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franka Maria Schlegel
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Willms
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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15
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HMGA2 as a Critical Regulator in Cancer Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020269. [PMID: 33668453 PMCID: PMC7917704 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group protein 2 (HMGA2) regulates gene expression by binding to AT-rich regions of DNA. Akin to other DNA architectural proteins, HMGA2 is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells during embryogenesis, while its expression is more limited at later stages of development and in adulthood. Importantly, HMGA2 is re-expressed in nearly all human malignancies, where it promotes tumorigenesis by multiple mechanisms. HMGA2 increases cancer cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle entry and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, HMGA2 influences different DNA repair mechanisms and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating signaling via the MAPK/ERK, TGFβ/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NFkB, and STAT3 pathways. Moreover, HMGA2 supports a cancer stem cell phenotype and renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss these oncogenic roles of HMGA2 in different types of cancers and propose that HMGA2 may be used for cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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16
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Zhao YC, Jiao Y, Li YQ, Fu Z, Yang ZY, He M. Elevated high mobility group A2 expression in liver cancer predicts poor patient survival. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2021; 112:27-33. [PMID: 31823639 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.6365/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high morbidity and mortality that endangers human health. High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is a chromosome associated protein that participates in embryogenesis, tissue development, tumorigenesis and development. OBJECTIVE to explore the relationship between HMGA2 expression and the clinicopathological parameters and survival of liver cancer patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) data. METHODS RNA-sequencing data and the corresponding clinical characteristics of the patients were downloaded from the Atlas database. The Chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between HMGA2 expression and clinical variables. Cox regression analysis was used to compare survival rates between the high- and low-expressing groups; the p-values and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS RNA-seq data from 373 cases of liver cancer cases were analyzed. HMGA2 was overexpressed in liver cancer and significantly associated with gender (p = 0.0357), T classification (p = 0.0063), clinical classification (p = 0.0026) and overall survival (p = 0.0386). According to the multivariate analysis, HMGA2 could independently predict overall survival in liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 independently predicts poor prognosis in liver cancer and serves as a molecular marker to determine disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chen Zhao
- Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Jilin University
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, China
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhao-Ying Yang
- Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Miao He
- Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, China
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17
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Xu J, Fang X, Long L, Wang S, Qian S, Lyu J. HMGA2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by modulating Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 22:5-11. [PMID: 33307962 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1832429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15-20% of all breast cancer. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is overexpressed in some tumors and closely associated with patients' prognosis. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HMGA2 in TNBC still remain unclear. METHODS In this study, HMGA2 level in TNBC cell lines was analyzed by western blot. After knockdown of HMGA2 expression by RNA interference in TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM149, wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of HMGA2 on migration and invasion. Tumor metastasis was assessed in amouse xenograft model invivo. Furthermore, expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers and involvement of the Hippo-YAP pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS Compared to normal breast epithelial cells, the expression levels of HMGA2 were significantly increased in TNBC cell lines (all P< .05). Downregulation of HMGA2 dramatically inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and SUM149 cells (all P< .01) invitro, and suppressed the tumor metastasis of nude mice xenograft model invivo. Western blot analysis revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers: the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were decreased, while the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was increased. Downregulated expression of HMGA2 attenuated Hippo-YAP related protein expression and the stability of YAP. CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 is highly expressed in TNBC cells. Downregulation of HMGA2 inhibits the migration and invasion of TNBC and invivo tumor metastasis mediated through inhibition of EMT and Hippo-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luye Long
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Volovat SR, Volovat C, Hordila I, Hordila DA, Mirestean CC, Miron OT, Lungulescu C, Scripcariu DV, Stolniceanu CR, Konsoulova-Kirova AA, Grigorescu C, Stefanescu C, Volovat CC, Augustin I. MiRNA and LncRNA as Potential Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:526850. [PMID: 33330019 PMCID: PMC7716774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.526850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) include a diverse range of RNA species, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). MiRNAs, ncRNAs of approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length, are involved in gene expression regulation either via degradation or silencing of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and have roles in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. LncRNAs, which are longer than 200 nucleotides, comprise one of the largest and most heterogeneous RNA families. LncRNAs can activate or repress gene expression through various mechanisms, acting alone or in combination with miRNAs and other molecules as part of various pathways. Until recently, most research has focused on individual lncRNA and miRNA functions as regulators, and there is limited available data on ncRNA interactions relating to the tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy of cancer, acting either on mRNA alone or as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 10%-20% of all breast cancers (BCs) and is highly heterogenous and more aggressive than other types of BC, for which current targeted treatment options include hormonotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and immunotherapy; however, no targeted therapies for TNBC are available, partly because of a lack of predictive biomarkers. With advances in proteomics, new evidence has emerged demonstrating the implications of dysregulation of ncRNAs in TNBC etiology. Here, we review the roles of lncRNAs and miRNAs implicated in TNBC, including their interactions and regulatory networks. Our synthesis provides insight into the mechanisms involved in TNBC progression and has potential to aid the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,Center of Oncology Euroclinic, Iași, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristian Lungulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iasi, Iași, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Grigorescu
- Department of Surgery, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iasi, Iași, Romania
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Sakuma H, Hagiwara S, Kantharidis P, Gohda T, Suzuki Y. Potential Targeting of Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease Using MicroRNAs. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:587689. [PMID: 33364960 PMCID: PMC7751689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major health problem and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Despite recent advances, there exists an urgent need for the development of new treatments for DKD. DKD is characterized by the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium, ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis as well as interstitial fibrosis. Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway at the histological level leading to an end-stage renal failure. In fact, activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway by bardoxolone methyl and inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling by pirfenidone have been assumed to be effective therapeutic targets for DKD, and various basic and clinical studies are currently ongoing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously produced small RNA molecules of 18–22 nucleotides in length, which act as posttranscriptional repressors of gene expression. Studies have demonstrated that several miRNAs contribute to renal fibrosis. In this review, we outline the potential of using miRNAs as an antifibrosis treatment strategy and discuss their clinical application in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sakuma
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Hagiwara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Kidney and Hypertension, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Takahashi T, Kawaji H, Murakawa Y, Hayashizaki Y, Murakami T, Yabushita Y, Homma Y, Kumamoto T, Matsuyama R, Endo I. Significance of HMGA2 expression as independent poor prognostic marker in perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma resected with curative intent. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:394-400. [PMID: 32878723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma requires invasive surgery and is associated with poor prognosis; thus, a prognostic biomarker is highly needed. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is sub-classified into two types based on their location, namely perihilar and distal. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma requires lobectomy as curative surgical resection, whereas the distal requires pancreatoduodenectomy. HMGA2 overexpression is reported to correlate with progression, aggressiveness, dissemination and poor prognosis in several types of cancers. Although its association with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been reported, none of the previous studies assessed its significance in each subtype. METHODS We assessed the expression of HMGA2 protein in surgical specimens after curative intent surgery in 80 patients including 41 with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and 39 with distal cholangiocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. We then examined its association with clinicopathological findings and patient survival outcomes. RESULTS We found that HMGA2 was expressed in 51% (21 of 41) of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and 41% (16 of 39) of distal cholangiocarcinoma samples. In perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, we found significant correlations between expression and vascular invasion and perineural invasion. In distal cholangiocarcinoma, we found that protein levels correlated with tumor grade. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that HMGA2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with both subtypes of disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that HMGA2 expression as an independent prognostic marker for both perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma that were resected with curative intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan; RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; RIKEN-HMC Clinical Omics Unit, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yabushita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kumamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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21
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Gao Z, Mei J, Yan X, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Shi X, Liu Y, Cao J. Cr (VI) induced mitophagy via the interaction of HMGA2 and PARK2. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:261-268. [PMID: 32866567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a proven toxin, mutagen and carcinogen. Here, the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) mediating Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy was investigated. Cr (VI)-treatment caused the formation of double membrane autophagic vesicles (AVs) engulfing mitochondria and increased the expression of PINK1, PARK2, LC3 as well as HMGA2 particularly in mitochondria in A549 cells. Silencing of HMGA2 by siRNA decreased expression of PINK1, PARK2 and LC3 II especially in mitochondria, while over-expression of HMGA2 increased the expression of them in A549 cells. It indicated that HMGA2 played a critical role in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy. Most importantly, the results of co-immunoprecipitation showed for the first time that HMGA2 could bind to PARK2 in mitochondria to activate the mitophagy pathway. In BALB/c mice, Cr (VI) increased the expression of PINK1 and PARK2 in lung tissues. Furthermore, over-expression of HMGA2 in BALB/c mice by transfection of plasmid HMGA2 significantly increased the levels of PINK1, PARK2 and LC3 II in lung tissues. Collectively, our data demonstrated that HMGA2 plays an important role in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy through direct interaction with PARK2 in A549 cells and lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junjie Mei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaona Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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22
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De Martino M, Fusco A, Esposito F. HMGA and Cancer: A Review on Patent Literatures. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:258-267. [PMID: 31538905 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190919152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mobility group A proteins modulate the transcription of numerous genes by interacting with transcription factors and/or altering the structure of chromatin. These proteins are involved in both benign and malignant neoplasias as a result of several pathways. A large amount of benign human mesenchymal tumors has rearrangements of HMGA genes. On the contrary, malignant tumors show unarranged HMGA overexpression that is frequently and causally related to neoplastic cell transformation. Here, we review the function of the HMGA proteins in human neoplastic disorders, the pathways by which they contribute to carcinogenesis and the new patents focused on targeting HMGA proteins. OBJECTIVE Current review was conducted to check the involvement of HMGA as a druggable target in cancer treatment. METHODS We reviewed the most recent patents focused on targeting HMGA in cancer treatment analyzing patent literature published during the last years, including the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®), Espacenet®, and Google Patents. RESULTS HMGA proteins are intriguing targets for cancer therapy and are objects of different patents based on the use of DNA aptamers, inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, antisense molecules able to block their oncogenic functions. CONCLUSION Powerful strategies able to selectively interfere with HMGA expression and function could represent a helpful approach in the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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23
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Unachukwu U, Chada K, D’Armiento J. High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) Oncogenicity in Mesenchymal and Epithelial Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093151. [PMID: 32365712 PMCID: PMC7246488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) has been associated with increased cell proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation, leading to the ontogeny of varied tumor types and their metastatic potentials, a frequently used index of disease prognosis. In this review, we deepen our understanding of HMGA2 pathogenicity by exploring the mechanisms by which HMGA2 misexpression and ectopic expression induces mesenchymal and epithelial tumorigenesis respectively and distinguish the pathogenesis of benign from malignant mesenchymal tumors. Importantly, we highlight the regulatory role of let-7 microRNA family of tumor suppressors in determining HMGA2 misexpression events leading to tumor pathogenesis and focused on possible mechanisms by which HMGA2 could propagate lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), benign mesenchymal tumors of the lungs. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for epithelial and mesenchymal tumorigenesis based on targeting the HMGA2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-305-3745
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24
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Demirkol Canlı S, Dedeoğlu E, Akbar MW, Küçükkaraduman B, İşbilen M, Erdoğan ÖŞ, Erciyas SK, Yazıcı H, Vural B, Güre AO. A novel 20-gene prognostic score in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231835. [PMID: 32310997 PMCID: PMC7170253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal cancers. Known risk factors for this disease are currently insufficient in predicting mortality. In order to better prognosticate patients with PDAC, we identified 20 genes by utilizing publically available high-throughput transcriptomic data from GEO, TCGA and ICGC which are associated with overall survival and event-free survival. A score generated based on the expression matrix of these genes was validated in two independent cohorts. We find that this “Pancreatic cancer prognostic score 20 –PPS20” is independent of the confounding factors in multivariate analyses, is dramatically elevated in metastatic tissue compared to primary tumor, and is higher in primary tumors compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Transcriptomic analyses show that tumors with low PPS20 have overall more immune cell infiltration and a higher CD8 T cell/Treg ratio when compared to those with high PPS20. Analyses of proteomic data from TCGA PAAD indicated higher levels of Cyclin B1, RAD51, EGFR and a lower E-cadherin/Fibronectin ratio in tumors with high PPS20. The PPS20 score defines not only prognostic and biological sub-groups but can predict response to targeted therapy as well. Overall, PPS20 is a stronger and more robust transcriptomic signature when compared to similar, previously published gene lists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Demirkol Canlı
- Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Ege Dedeoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barış Küçükkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat İşbilen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Kılıç Erciyas
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yazıcı
- Cancer Genetics Division, Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burçak Vural
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Osmay Güre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030717. [PMID: 31979076 PMCID: PMC7038092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are oncofoetal chromatin architectural factors that are widely involved in regulating gene expression. These proteins are unique, because they are highly expressed in embryonic and cancer cells, where they play a relevant role in cell proliferation, stemness, and the acquisition of aggressive tumour traits, i.e., motility, invasiveness, and metastatic properties. The HMGA protein expression levels and activities are controlled by a connected set of events at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. In fact, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA stability is the most-studied mechanism of HMGA protein expression modulation. In this review, we contribute to a comprehensive overview of HMGA-targeting miRNAs; we provide detailed information regarding HMGA gene structural organization and a comprehensive evaluation and description of HMGA-targeting miRNAs, while focusing on those that are widely involved in HMGA regulation; and, we aim to offer insights into HMGA-miRNA mutual cross-talk from a functional and cancer-related perspective, highlighting possible clinical implications.
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26
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HMGA Genes and Proteins in Development and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020654. [PMID: 31963852 PMCID: PMC7013770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA (high mobility group A) (HMGA1 and HMGA2) are small non-histone proteins that can bind DNA and modify chromatin state, thus modulating the accessibility of regulatory factors to the DNA and contributing to the overall panorama of gene expression tuning. In general, they are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis, but are downregulated in the adult differentiated tissues. In the present review, we summarize some aspects of their role during development, also dealing with relevant studies that have shed light on their functioning in cell biology and with emerging possible involvement of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in evolutionary biology.
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27
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Ros G, Pegoraro S, De Angelis P, Sgarra R, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S, Manfioletti G. HMGA2 Antisense Long Non-coding RNAs as New Players in the Regulation of HMGA2 Expression and Pancreatic Cancer Promotion. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1526. [PMID: 32010621 PMCID: PMC6978849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory RNAs transcribed from the opposite strand of either protein coding or non-coding genes, able to modulate their own sense gene expression. Hence, their dysregulation can lead to pathologic processes. Cancer is a complex class of diseases determined by the aberrant expression of a variety of factors, among them, the oncofetal chromatin architectural proteins High Mobility Group A (HMGA) modulate several cancer hallmarks. Thus, we decided to investigate the presence of natural antisense lncRNAs in HMGA1 and HMGA2 loci, and their possible involvement in gene expression regulation. Methods: We used FANTOM5 data resources, FANTOM-CAT genome browser and Zenbu visualization tool, which employ 1,829 human CAGE and RNA-sequencing libraries, to determine expression, ontology enrichment, and dynamic regulation of natural antisense lncRNAs in HMGA1 and HMGA2 loci. We then performed qRT-PCR in different cancer cell lines to validate the existence of HMGA2-AS1 transcripts. We depleted HMGA2-AS1 transcripts with siRNAs and investigated HMGA2 expression by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Moreover, we evaluated cell viability and migration by MTS and transwell assays, and EMT markers by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we used bioinformatics approaches to evaluate HMGA2 and HMGA2-AS1 correlation and overall survival in tumor patients. Results: We found the presence of a promoter-associated lncRNA (CATG00000088127.1) in the HMGA1 gene and three antisense genes (RPSAP52, HMGA2-AS1, and RP11-366L20.3) in the HMGA2 gene. We studied the uncharacterized HMGA2-AS1 transcripts, validating their existence in cancer cell lines and observing a positive correlation between HMGA2 and HMGA2-AS1 expression in a cancer-derived patient dataset. We showed that HMGA2-AS1 transcripts positively modulate HMGA2 expression and migration properties of PANC1 cells through HMGA2. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high level of HMGA2-AS1 is a negative prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions: Our results describe novel antisense lncRNAs associated with HMGA1 and HMGA2 genes. In particular, we demonstrate that HMGA2-AS1 is involved in the regulation of its own sense gene expression, mediating tumorigenesis. Thus, we highlight a new layer of complexity in the regulation of HMGA2 expression, providing new potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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28
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Hsa_circ_0006948 enhances cancer progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the miR-490-3p/HMGA2 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11937-11954. [PMID: 31881015 PMCID: PMC6949050 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important in cancer progression. However, few circRNAs associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been elucidated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to identify whether hsa_circ_0006948 promotes ESCC cell EMT and explore its biological mechanisms. We first screened circRNA expression profiles using a circRNA microarray, and found that the expression of a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0006948, is increased in 153 ESCC tissues and cell lines compared with noncancerous tissues and cell lines. Additionally, high hsa_circ_0006948 levels were positively associated with lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis. Functionally, the assays indicated that cell proliferation, migration and invasion were promoted by hsa_circ_0006948 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between hsa_circ_0006948 and miR-490-3p through bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation and qRT-PCR. We found that hsa_circ_0006948 could bind directly to miR-490-3p which targets the 3'UTR of the oncogene HMGA2 to induce EMT. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0006948 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and promoted cancer progression, and it could induce EMT by enhancing HMGA2 by sponging miR-490-3p, suggesting that hsa_circ_0006948 could be a biomarker for ESCC.
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29
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Mulholland EJ, Green WP, Buckley NE, McCarthy HO. Exploring the Potential of MicroRNA Let-7c as a Therapeutic for Prostate Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:927-937. [PMID: 31760377 PMCID: PMC6883330 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and often presents with aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression. Identifying and understanding the unique expression profiles could aid in the detection and treatment of this disease. This review aims to identify miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for PCa. Three bio-informatic searches were conducted to identify miRNAs that are reportedly implicated in the pathogenesis of PCa. Only hsa-Lethal-7 (let-7c), recognized for its role in PCa pathogenesis, was common to all three databases. Three further database searches were conducted to identify known targets of hsa-let-7c. Four targets were identified, HMGA2, c-Myc (MYC), TRAIL, and CASP3. An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to assess the role of hsa-let-7c in the progression of other malignancies and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for PCa. The heterogeneous nature of cancer makes it logical to develop mechanisms by which the treatment of malignancies is tailored to an individual, harnessing specific knowledge of the underlying biology of the disease. Resetting cellular miRNA levels is an exciting prospect that will allow this ambition to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan J Mulholland
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - William P Green
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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30
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The Prominent Role of HMGA Proteins in the Early Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2059516. [PMID: 31737655 PMCID: PMC6815579 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2059516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GI tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms concerning their natural history and molecular alterations harbored. Nevertheless, these tumors share very high incidence and mortality rates worldwide and patients' poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of specific biomarkers could increase the development of personalized medicine, in order to improve GI cancer management. In this sense, HMGA family members (HMGA1 and HMGA2) comprise an important group of genes involved in the genesis and progression of malignant tumors. Additionally, it has also been reported that HMGA1 and HMGA2 display an important role in the detection and progression of GI tumors. In this way, HMGA family members could be used as reliable biomarkers able to efficiently track not only the tumor per se but also the main risk conditions related with their development of GI cancers in the future. Finally, it shall be a promising option to revert the current scenario, once HMGA genes and proteins could represent a convergence point in the complex landscape of GI tumors.
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31
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Xu X, Zou H, Luo L, Wang X, Wang G. MicroRNA-9 exerts antitumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting HMGA2. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1784-1797. [PMID: 31408273 PMCID: PMC6768112 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) may contribute to the initiation and progression of various types of human cancer and may also constitute biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, the specific function of miR‐9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, and the mechanisms that underlie HCC are incompletely understood. Here, we report that miR‐9 expression was significantly decreased in clinical tumor tissue samples, as well as in a cohort of HCC cell lines. In addition, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐9 suppressed the proliferative and migratory capacity of HCC cells and impaired cell cycle progression. Furthermore, high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) was verified as a downstream target gene of miR‐9 using a luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative RT‐PCR and western blotting implicated HMGA2 in the miR‐9‐mediated reduction of HCC cell growth. In vivo, transfection with miR‐9 mimics down‐regulated the expression of HMGA2, thus leading to a dramatic reduction in tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. These results suggest that miR‐9 may exert critical antitumor effects on HCC by directly targeting HMGA2, and the miR9/HMGA2 signaling pathway may be of use for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Haibo Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanyun Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiankui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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32
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Zhang S, Mo Q, Wang X. Oncological role of HMGA2 (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:775-788. [PMID: 31432151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non‑histone architectural transcription factor that modulates the transcription of several genes by binding to AT‑rich sequences in the minor groove of B‑form DNA and alters the chromatin structure. As a result, HMGA2 influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, DNA damage repair process, apoptosis, senescence, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and telomere restoration. In addition, the overexpression of HMGA2 is a feature of malignancy, and its elevated expression in human cancer predicts the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the detection of HMGA2 can be used as a routine procedure in clinical tumour analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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33
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Naghizadeh S, Gjerstorff M, Shanehbandi D, Shirjang S, Najafi S, Holmskov U, Khaze V, Duijf PHG, Baradaran B. miR-330 suppresses EMT and induces apoptosis by downregulating HMGA2 in human colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:920-931. [PMID: 31241772 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecular regulatorsof cellular signaling and behavior. They alter gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs, including those encoding transcriptional regulators, such as HMGA2. While HMGA2 is oncogenic in various tumors, miRNAs may be oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Here, we investigate the expression of HMGA2 and the miRNA miR-330 in a patient with colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and their effects on oncogenic cellular phenotypes. We found that HMGA2 expression is increased and miR-330 expression is decreased in CRCs and each predicts poor long-term patient survival. Stably increased miR-330 expression in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and SW480 CRC cell lines downregulate the oncogenic expression of HMGA2, a predicted miR-330 target. Additionally, this promotes apoptosis and decreases cell migration and viability. Consistently, it also decreases protein-level expression of markers for epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (Snail-1, E-cadherin, and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors) and transforming growth factor β signaling (SMAD3), as well as phospho- Protein kinase B (AKT) and phospho-STAT3 levels. We conclude that miR-330 acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA in CRC by suppressing HMGA2 expression and reducing cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Thus, we identify miR-330 as a promising candidate for miRNA replacement therapy for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sanaz Naghizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morten Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Shirjang
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vahid Khaze
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhu M, Zhang C, Chen D, Chen S, Zheng H. MicroRNA-98-HMGA2-POSTN signal pathway reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:108998. [PMID: 31207579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely considered that reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a potential access to restrain cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Here, we aim to uncover the novel mechanisms by which we can reverse EMT and inhibit metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We show that miR-98 is significantly reduced in both LSCC specimens and cell lines. Over-expression of miR-98 inhibits the EMT-related gene expression and metastasis and invasive behavior in LSCC in vitro, as well as reduces lung metastasis in mouse model. In the mechanistically study, miR-98 directly targets HMGA2 in mediating EMT. HMGA2 knock down by si-RNA method declines several EMT-related genes expression and LSCC migration and invasion. In parallel, overexpression of HMGA2 transforms LSCC cells to acquire stem cell-like features. Furthermore, we reveal that HMGA2-mediated EMT is closely linked with the expression of POSTN that inhibits EMT, as a tumor suppressor, by gene profiling analyses. POSTN is transcriptionally repressed by HMGA2. In clinic, the HMGA2 mRNA level is negatively correlated with the miR-98 level in LSCC patient cohort. In conclusion, our study confers a powerful signal: miR-98-HMGA-POSTN in LSCC, which is able to reverse EMT and inhibit metastasis, underlining the therapeutic potential of this signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Yang S, Gu Y, Wang G, Hu Q, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhao M. HMGA2 regulates acute myeloid leukemia progression and sensitivity to daunorubicin via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:427-436. [PMID: 31173171 PMCID: PMC6605696 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease with an increasing prevalence in adults and children. However, valuable molecular diagnostic research is rare. In the present study, plasmids silencing and overexpressing high‑mobility group AT‑hook 2 (HMGA2) were respectively transfected in HL60 and NB4 cells. The effects of HMGA2 on AML cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by preforming MTT, flow cytometry, wound scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Genes associated with apoptosis and Wnt signaling were evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)‑PCR and western blotting. AML cell sensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) and the regulatory effects of the Wnt signaling pathway via HMGA2 following treatment with the agonist LiCl or antagonist XAV939 were detected by MTT, RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis. The results revealed that the expression of HMGA2 was elevated more so in HL60, KG1, U937, Kasumi‑1, THP‑1 and K562 cells than in NB4 cells. Silencing HMGA2 suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion, enhanced cell apoptosis and sensitivity to DNR, and almost restored the DNR inhibitory function that was promoted by LiCl treatment. In addition, low expression of HMGA2 attenuated X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis and Bcl‑2 mRNA and protein levels, and upregulated the expression of Bax and cleaved‑caspase‑3. Furthermore, silencing HMGA2 not only decreased Wnt and non‑phospho‑β‑catenin expressions, but also partially reversed the increased expressions of these proteins induced by LiCl treatment. On the other hand, overexpression of HMGA2 exhibited the opposite results after transfection in NB4 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that HMGA2 played important roles in driving AML progression and chemosensitivity in HL60 and NB4 cells, potentially by activating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, it was suggested that HMGA2 may be a promising molecular marker for AML diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yueli Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Genjie Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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HMGA2 Contributes to Distant Metastasis and Poor Prognosis by Promoting Angiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102473. [PMID: 31109142 PMCID: PMC6566167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly malignant phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including the presence of nodal and distant metastasis, reduces patient survival. High-mobility group A protein 2 (HMGA2) is a non-histone chromatin factor that is involved in advanced malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in several human cancers. However, its biological role in OSCC remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance and role of HMGA2 in the malignant potential of OSCC. We first investigated the expression pattern of HMGA2 and its clinical relevance in 110 OSCC specimens using immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we examined the effects HMGA2 on the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, which are related to angiogenesis, in vitro. High expression of HMGA2 was significantly correlated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Further, HMGA2 depletion in OSCC cells reduced the expression of angiogenesis genes. In OSCC tissues with high HMGA2 expression, angiogenesis genes were increased and a high proportion of blood vessels was observed. These findings suggest that HMGA2 plays a significant role in the regulation of angiogenesis and might be a potential biomarker to predict distant metastasis and prognosis in OSCC.
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Gong J, Wang Y, Jiang B, Xu B, Hu C. Impact of high-mobility-group A2 overexpression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4075-4084. [PMID: 31118815 PMCID: PMC6505466 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor metastasis causes high mortality in patients with malignancies. In carcinomas, overexpression of high-mobility-group A2 (HMGA2) in cancer cells would lead to tumor development and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting metastasis. This study evaluated HMGA2 overexpression for its effects on pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: HMGA2 protein levels were immunohistochemically assessed in human PC tissue specimens and evaluated for associations with patients’ clinicopathological findings. In human PC CAPAN 1 cells after HMGA2 expression was silenced or overexpressed, Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed, and EMT marker levels (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) were determined by immunoblot. Results: HMGA2 and Vimentin were found in 43% and 45% of PC tissue samples, respectively, while E-cadherin was absent in 60%. HMGA2 expression, loss of E-cadherin and Vimentin expression were significantly associated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. More importantly, univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that HMGA2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer. Meanwhile, HMGA2-silenced CAPAN 1 cells showed reduced migration and invasion ability while HMGA2-overexpressed CAPAN 1 cells showed increased migration and invasion ability. Increased E-cadherin (epithelial marker) and reduced N-cadherin and Vimentin (mesenchymal markers) were found in HMGA2-silenced cells, while reduced E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin and Vimentin were found in HMGA2-overexpressed cells. Furthermore, Snail and Zeb1 (transcriptional factors) were reduced in HMGA2-silenced cells and increased in HMGA2-overexpressed cells. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that HMGA2 expression correlates with advanced tumor grades, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis and may be a novel prognosis/therapeutic marker for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Buping Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhen Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Bone Tumor Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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38
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Prognostic value of high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) over-expression in cancer progression. Gene 2019; 706:131-139. [PMID: 31055021 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2; also called HMGI-C) gene is an architectural transcription factor that belonging to the high mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) gene family. HMGA2 is aberrantly regulated in several human tumors. Over-expression of HMGA2 is correlated with a higher risk of metastasis and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the clinic-pathological and prognostic value of HMGA2 overexpression in different human tumors. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs)/odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association between HMGA2 expression and overall survival (OS)/progression free survival (PFS)/disease free survival (DFS). A total of 5319 patients with 19 different types of cancer from 35 articles were evaluated. Pooled data analysis indicated that increased HMGA2 expression in cancer patients predicted a poor OS (HR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.6-1.81; P < 0.001; fixed-effect model). In subgroup analyses, high HMGA2 expression was particularly associated with poor OS in individuals with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.83-1.96; fixed-effect model) and HNSCC cancer (HR-1.78, 95%CI: 1.44-2.21; fixed-effect model). Over-expression of HMGA2 was associated with vascular invasion (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05-0.49; P = 0.001) and lymphatic invasion (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.06-3.38; P = 0.032). Further studies should be conducted to validate the prognostic value of HMGA2 for patients with GI cancers.
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39
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Jiang X, Hou D, Wei Z, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Li J. Extracellular and intracellular microRNAs in pancreatic cancer: from early diagnosis to reducing chemoresistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Asadzadeh Z, Shirjang S, Minouei M, Abedi Gaballu F, Shajari N, Kazemi T, Gjerstorff MF, Duijf PHG, Baradaran B. HMGA2 and Bach-1 cooperate to promote breast cancer cell malignancy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17714-17726. [PMID: 30825204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During breast cancer progression, tumor cells acquire multiple malignant features. The transcription factors and cell cycle regulators high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach-1) are overexpressed in several cancers, but the mechanistic understanding of how HMGA2 and Bach-1 promote cancer development has been limited. We found that HMGA2 and Bach-1 are overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and their expression correlates positively in tumors but not in normal tissues. Individual HMGA2 or Bach-1 knockdown downregulates expression of both proteins, suggesting a mutual stabilizing effect between the two proteins. Importantly, combined HMGA2 and Bach-1 knockdown additively decrease cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and colony formation, while promoting apoptotic cell death via upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. First the first time, we show that HMGA2 and Bach-1 overexpression in tumors correlate positively and that the proteins cooperatively suppress a broad range of malignant cellular properties, such as proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and evasion of apoptotic cell death. Thus, our observations suggest that combined targeting of HMGA2 and Bach1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Shirjang
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Minouei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Baradaran B, Shahbazi R, Khordadmehr M. Dysregulation of key microRNAs in pancreatic cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1008-1015. [PMID: 30551350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is mentioned as one of the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths and also is considered as one of the most malignancies worldwide. Sadly, widely metastasis is frequently observed at the time of PC detection and there are, thereby, almost poor prognosis and ineffective treatment in PC patients. microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of short non-coding RNAs, regulate various cellular and developmental mechanisms, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. Also, they have essential roles even on the progression of different human and animal diseases. In recent years, extensive studies confirmed the important role of miRNAs in various steps of PC developments, including; tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, which can use valuably for cancer detection, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the present study reviewed the new recent investigations in miRNAs involvement in the biology of PC associated with their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
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42
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Hmga2 is dispensable for pancreatic cancer development, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14008. [PMID: 30228296 PMCID: PMC6143627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the chromatin-associated protein HMGA2 correlates with progression, metastasis and therapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Hmga2 has also been identified as a marker of a transient subpopulation of PDAC cells that has increased metastatic ability. Here, we characterize the requirement for Hmga2 during growth, dissemination, and metastasis of PDAC in vivo using conditional inactivation of Hmga2 in well-established autochthonous mouse models of PDAC. Overall survival, primary tumour burden, presence of disseminated tumour cells in the peritoneal cavity or circulating tumour cells in the blood, and presence and number of metastases were not significantly different between mice with Hmga2-wildtype or Hmga2-deficient tumours. Treatment of mice with Hmga2-wildtype and Hmga2-deficient tumours with gemcitabine did not uncover a significant impact of Hmga2-deficiency on gemcitabine sensitivity. Hmga1 and Hmga2 overlap in their expression in both human and murine PDAC, however knockdown of Hmga1 in Hmga2-deficient cancer cells also did not decrease metastatic ability. Thus, Hmga2 remains a prognostic marker which identifies a metastatic cancer cell state in primary PDAC, however Hmga2 has limited if any direct functional impact on PDAC progression and therapy resistance.
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43
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TiHo-0906: a new feline mammary cancer cell line with molecular, morphological, and immunocytological characteristics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13231. [PMID: 30185896 PMCID: PMC6125410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) with anaplastic and malignant spindle cells histologically resemble the human metaplastic breast carcinoma (hMBC), spindle-cell subtype. hMBCs display epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Herein we report the establishment and characterization of a cell line (TiHoCMglAdcar0906; TiHo-0906) exhibiting EMT-like properties derived from an FMC with anaplastic and malignant spindle cells. Copy-number variations (CNVs) by next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cell line and the tumour were compared. The absolute qPCR expression of EMT-related markers HMGA2 and CD44 was determined. The growth, migration, and sensitivity to doxorubicin were assessed. TiHo-0906 CNVs affect several genomic regions harbouring known EMT-, breast cancer-, and hMBCs-associated genes as AKT1, GATA3, CCND2, CDK4, ZEB1, KRAS, HMGA2, ESRP1, MTDH, YWHAZ, and MYC. Most of them were located in amplified regions of feline chromosomes (FCAs) B4 and F2. TiHo-0906 cells displayed an epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, and high HMGA2 and CD44 expression. Growth and migration remained comparable during subculturing. Low-passaged cells were two-fold more resistant to doxorubicin than high-passaged cells (IC50: 99.97 nM, and 41.22 nM, respectively). The TiHo-0906 cell line was derived from a poorly differentiated cellular subpopulation of the tumour consistently displaying EMT traits. The cell line presents excellent opportunities for studying EMT on FMCs.
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44
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Lin Y, Li J, Ye S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xi Y, Bu S, Qiu X. LncRNA GACAT3 acts as a competing endogenous RNA of HMGA1 and alleviates cucurbitacin B-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Gene 2018; 678:164-171. [PMID: 30098426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to perform important roles in cancer development. Previously, we have shown that lncRNA gastric cancer-associated transcript 3 (GACAT3) is overexpressed in gastric cancer and acts as a downstream target of interleukin 6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling. However, the role of GACAT3 in regulating gastric cancer cell growth remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that GACAT3 acts as a competing endogenous RNA of high mobility group A1 (HMGA1), a typical oncogene that is overexpressed in most types of cancer, based on a search for common miRNA-binding sites and on experiments involving in vitro cell transfection with synthesized miRNA mimics. Furthermore, knockdown of GACAT3 by its specific siRNA resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells, similar to the effect of an HMGA1 knockdown. Moreover, GACAT3 overexpression alleviated the apoptosis induced by cucurbitacin B, which is a widely used anticancer drug. Mechanistically, GACAT3 amplified STAT3 expression and decreased the level of the apoptosis gene bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX). Thus, our study provides fundamental information regarding GACAT3, which could be a valuable target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shazhou Ye
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
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Tang Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Chen X, Zhou J. Identification of potential target genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2453-2461. [PMID: 30013637 PMCID: PMC6036577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most complicated and fatally pathogenic human malignancies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism that drives the initiation, progression, and metastasis of PDAC. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways associated with PDAC using bioinformatics analysis. Four transcriptome microarray datasets (GSE15471, GSE55643, GSE62165 and GSE91035) were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, which included 226 PDAC samples and 65 normal pancreatic tissue samples. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with GEO2R and investigated their biological function by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analysis. The overall survival data was obtained from UALCAN, which calculated the data shared with The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape software. The four sets of DEGs exhibited an intersection consisting of 205 genes (142 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated), which may be associated with PDAC. GO analysis showed that the 205 DEGs were significantly enriched in the plasma membrane, cell adhesion molecule activity and the Energy pathways, and glycine, serine, threonine metabolism were the most enriched pathways according to KEGG pathway analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that 22 of 205 common genes were significantly associated with the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. In the PPI network and sub-network, DKK1 and HMGA2 were considered as hub genes with high connectivity degrees. DKK1 and HMGA2 are strongly associated with WNT3A and TP53 separately, which indicates that they may play an important role in the Wnt and P53 signaling pathways. Using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we identified DKK1 and HMGA2 as candidate genes in PDAC, which may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and integration; the two genes may be therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yaocheng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Kou N, Liu S, Li X, Li W, Zhong W, Gui L, Chai S, Ren X, Na R, Zeng T, Liu H. H19 Facilitates Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Migration and Invasion via Sponging miR-let-7. Oncol Res 2018. [PMID: 29523225 PMCID: PMC7848458 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15202945197589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been described to participate in the metastasis of various tumors. Nevertheless, whether H19 promotes or impedes tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell migration and invasion remains controversial. Here we found that the expression of H19 was elevated in TSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of H19 was higher in metastasized tumors compared with unmetastasized tumors. Consistently, TSCC cells express higher levels of H19 than human squamous cells. Subsequently, depletion of H19 impaired the migration and invasion abilities of TSCC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that H19 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miRNA let-7a, leading to an increase in a let-7a target, the key regulator of tumor metastasis HMGA2, which is enriched in TSCC tissues and cell lines. Intriguingly, inhibition of let-7a significantly rescued the short hairpin H19 (shH19)-induced decrease in TSCC migration and invasion. These findings revealed that the H19/let-7a/HMGA2/EMT axis plays a critical role in the regulation of TSCC migration and invasion, which may provide a new therapeutic target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Kou
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Sha Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wuwei Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gui
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Songling Chai
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Risu Na
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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47
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Meder L, König K, Dietlein F, Macheleidt I, Florin A, Ercanoglu MS, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Koker M, Schön G, Odenthal M, Klein F, Büttner R, Schulte JH, Heukamp LC, Ullrich RT. LIN28B enhanced tumorigenesis in an autochthonous KRAS G12V-driven lung carcinoma mouse model. Oncogene 2018; 37:2746-2756. [PMID: 29503447 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B is a RNA-binding protein regulating predominantly let-7 microRNAs with essential functions in inflammation, wound healing, embryonic stem cells, and cancer. LIN28B expression is associated with tumor initiation, progression, resistance, and poor outcome in several solid cancers, including lung cancer. However, the functional role of LIN28B, especially in non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas, remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of LIN28B expression on lung tumorigenesis using LIN28B transgenic overexpression in an autochthonous KRASG12V-driven mouse model. We found that LIN28B overexpression significantly increased the number of CD44+/CD326+ tumor cells, upregulated VEGF-A and miR-21 and promoted tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by enhanced AKT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of c-MYC. Moreover, LIN28B accelerated tumor initiation and enhanced proliferation which led to a shortened overall survival. In addition, we analyzed lung adenocarcinomas of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found LIN28B expression in 24% of KRAS-mutated cases, which underscore the relevance of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meder
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Katharina König
- Labor Dr. Quade und Kollegen GmbH, Aachener Straße 338, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Havard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Iris Macheleidt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Meryem S Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Mirjam Koker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Gisela Schön
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- New Oncology, Gottfried-Hagen-Straße 20, 51105, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Hematopathology Hamburg, Fangdieckstraße 75a, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland T Ullrich
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Straße 21, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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48
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Palumbo A, Da Costa NM, Esposito F, De Martino M, D'Angelo D, de Sousa VPL, Martins I, Nasciutti LE, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF. HMGA2 overexpression plays a critical role in the progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25872-84. [PMID: 27027341 PMCID: PMC5041951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common esophageal tumor worldwide. However, there is still a lack of deeper knowledge about biological alterations involved in ESCC development. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) protein family has been related with poor outcome and malignant cell transformation in several tumor types. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression in ESCC and their role in crucial cellular features. We evaluated HMGA1 and HMGA2 mRNA expression in 52 paired ESCC and normal surrounding tissue samples by qRT-PCR. Here, we show that HMGA2, but not HMGA1, is overexpressed in ESCC samples. This result was further confirmed by the immunohistochemical analysis. Indeed, accordingly to mRNA expression data, HMGA2, but not HMGA1, was overexpressed in approximately 90% of ESCC samples, while it was barely expressed in the respective control. Conversely, HMGA1, but not HMGA2, was overexpressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma samples. Interestingly, HMGA2 abrogation attenuated the malignant phenotype of two ESCC cell lines, suggesting that HMGA2 overexpression is involved in ESCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Angelo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ivanir Martins
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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49
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BCL-X L directly modulates RAS signalling to favour cancer cell stemness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1123. [PMID: 29066722 PMCID: PMC5654832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumours, accumulation of chemoresistant cells that express high levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-XL is thought to result from the counter selection of sensitive, low expresser clones during progression and/or initial treatment. We herein show that BCL-XL expression is selectively advantageous to cancer cell populations even in the absence of pro-apoptotic pressure. In transformed human mammary epithelial cells BCL-XL favours full activation of signalling downstream of constitutively active RAS with which it interacts in a BH4-dependent manner. Comparative proteomic analysis and functional assays indicate that this is critical for RAS-induced expression of stemness regulators and maintenance of a cancer initiating cell (CIC) phenotype. Resistant cancer cells thus arise from a positive selection driven by BCL-XL modulation of RAS-induced self-renewal, and during which apoptotic resistance is not necessarily the directly selected trait. BCL-XL provides a survival advantage to cancer cells even in the absence of apoptotic pressures. In this study, the authors show that BCL-XL interacts with RAS in a BH4-dependent manner and regulates RAS-mediated activation of pathways involved in the stemness feature of breast cancer cells.
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50
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Mito JK, Agoston AT, Dal Cin P, Srivastava A. Prevalence and significance of HMGA2 expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:909-917. [PMID: 28710822 DOI: 10.1111/his.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tumorigenesis has been linked primarily to loss-of-function mutations in tumour suppressor genes. Knowledge of specific oncogenes that drive tumour progression, and their relationship to outcomes, is limited. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) has been reported to be amplified in a subset of EACs, but the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of HMGA2 expression in EAC are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed HMGA2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in EAC to determine its clinicopathological and prognostic significance. Ninety-one primary EAC resections without neoadjuvant treatment were identified and immunohistochemistry for HMGA2 was performed. The presence or absence of nuclear staining was evaluated and correlated with predetermined clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. A selected subset of tumours was subjected to FISH to identify alterations at the HMGA2 locus. HMGA2 expression was present in 25 of 91 (27.4%) tumours. HMGA2-expressing cells were present in solid, poorly differentiated areas of the tumours at the invasive front, or as single infiltrating cells. FISH showed that three to four copies of HMGA2 are frequently present in EAC irrespective of HMGA2 protein expression and that high level HMGA2 amplification is a rare event. HMGA2 expression was associated with numerous adverse clinicopathological parameters, including higher T- and N-stage, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and with a worse recurrence-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that HMGA2 is regulated in EAC primarily through non-chromosomal-level alterations that lead to increased HMGA2 expression. HMGA2-positive EAC correlates with adverse pathological features and worse patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Mito
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agoston T Agoston
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amitabh Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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