1
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Robinson TP, Hamidi T, Counts B, Guttridge DC, Ostrowski MC, Zimmers TA, Koniaris LG. The impact of inflammation and acute phase activation in cancer cachexia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207746. [PMID: 38022578 PMCID: PMC10644737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cachexia in the setting of cancer or other chronic diseases is a significant detriment for patients. Cachexia is associated with a decreased ability to tolerate therapies, reduction in ambulation, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Cachexia appears intricately linked to the activation of the acute phase response and is a drain on metabolic resources. Work has begun to focus on the important inflammatory factors associated with the acute phase response and their role in the immune activation of cachexia. Furthermore, data supporting the liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and tumor as all playing a role in activation of the acute phase are emerging. Although the acute phase is increasingly being recognized as being involved in cachexia, work in understanding underlying mechanisms of cachexia associated with the acute phase response remains an active area of investigation and still lack a holistic understanding and a clear causal link. Studies to date are largely correlative in nature, nonetheless suggesting the possibility for a role for various acute phase reactants. Herein, we examine the current literature regarding the acute phase response proteins, the evidence these proteins play in the promotion and exacerbation of cachexia, and current evidence of a therapeutic potential for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P. Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tewfik Hamidi
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brittany Counts
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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2
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Kasumi E, Chiba M, Kuzumaki Y, Kuzuoka H, Sato N, Takahashi B. Development and Characterization of a Cancer Cachexia Rat Model Transplanted with Cells of the Rat Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Sato Lung Cancer (SLC). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2824. [PMID: 37893197 PMCID: PMC10604092 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex malnutrition syndrome that causes progressive dysfunction. This syndrome is accompanied by protein and energy losses caused by reduced nutrient intake and the development of metabolic disorders. As many as 80% of patients with advanced cancer develop cancer cachexia; however, an effective targeted treatment remains to be developed. In this study, we developed a novel rat model that mimics the human pathology during cancer cachexia to elucidate the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of this syndrome. We subcutaneously transplanted rats with SLC cells, a rat lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and evaluated the rats' pathophysiological characteristics. To ensure that our observations were not attributable to simple starvation, we evaluated the characteristics under tube feeding. We observed that SLC-transplanted rats exhibited severe anorexia, weight loss, muscle atrophy, and weakness. Furthermore, they showed obvious signs of cachexia, such as anemia, inflammation, and low serum albumin. The rats also exhibited weight and muscle losses despite sufficient nutrition delivered by tube feeding. Our novel cancer cachexia rat model is a promising tool to elucidate the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and to conduct further research on the development of treatments and supportive care for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kasumi
- R&D Laboratories, EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hanamaki 025-0312, Japan (N.S.)
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3
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Shin E, Kang H, Lee H, Lee S, Jeon J, Seong K, Youn H, Youn B. Exosomal Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Induces Ionizing Radiation-Adaptive Glioblastoma Cachexia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193102. [PMID: 36231065 PMCID: PMC9564109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that leads to a severely compromised quality of life and increased mortality. A strong association between cachexia and poor prognosis has been demonstrated in intractable cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, it was demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR), the first-line treatment for GBM, causes cancer cachexia by increasing the exosomal release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) from glioblastoma cells. Exosomal PAI-1 delivered to the skeletal muscle is directly penetrated in the muscles and phosphorylates STAT3 to intensify muscle atrophy by activating muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1); furthermore, it hampers muscle protein synthesis by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 by TM5441 inhibited muscle atrophy and rescued muscle protein synthesis, thereby providing survival benefits in a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In summary, our data delineated the role of PAI-1 in the induction of GBM cachexia associated with radiotherapy-treated GBM. Our data also indicated that targeting PAI-1 could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of GBM following radiotherapy, which would lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of life of GBM patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Kimoon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hyesook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Buhyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2264
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4
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Capitanio D, Barbacini P, Arosio B, Guerini FR, Torretta E, Trecate F, Cesari M, Mari D, Clerici M, Gelfi C. Can Serum Nitrosoproteome Predict Longevity of Aged Women? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239009. [PMID: 33260845 PMCID: PMC7731247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by increase in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, key factors of cardiac failure and disuse-induced muscle atrophy. This study focused on serum nitroproteome as a trait of longevity by adopting two complementary gel-based techniques: two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and Nitro-DIGE coupled with mass spectrometry of albumin-depleted serum of aged (A, n = 15) and centenarian (C, n = 15) versus young females (Y, n = 15). Results indicate spots differently expressed in A and C compared to Y and spots changed in A vs. C. Nitro-DIGE revealed nitrosated protein spots in A and C compared to Y and spots changed in A vs. C only (p-value < 0.01). Nitro-proteoforms of alpha-1-antitripsin (SERPINA1), alpha-1-antichimotripsin (SERPINA3), ceruloplasmin (CP), 13 proteoforms of haptoglobin (HP), and inactive glycosyltransferase 25 family member 3 (CERCAM) increased in A vs. Y and C. Conversely, nitrosation levels decreased in C vs. Y and A, for immunoglobulin light chain 1 (IGLC1), serotransferrin (TF), transthyretin (TTR), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Immunoblottings of alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) indicated lower levels of ADH5 in A vs. Y and C, whereas TRXR1 decreased in A and C in comparison to Y. In conclusion, the study identified putative markers in C of healthy aging and high levels of ADH5/GSNOR that can sustain the denitrosylase activity, promoting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (F.R.G.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Fabio Trecate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (F.R.G.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (F.R.G.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5033-0475
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5
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PAI-1, the Plasminogen System, and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197066. [PMID: 32993026 PMCID: PMC7582753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is a critical proteolytic system responsible for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The master regulator of the plasminogen system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated for its role in exacerbating various disease states not only through the accumulation of ECM (i.e., fibrosis) but also its role in altering cell fate/behaviour. Examination of PAI-1 has extended through various tissues and cell-types with recent investigations showing its presence in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the role of this protein has been implicated throughout the regeneration process, and in skeletal muscle pathologies (muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging-driven pathology). Needless to say, the complete function of this protein in skeletal muscle has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in maintaining overall health and quality of life, it is critical to understand the alterations—particularly in PAI-1—that occur to negatively impact this organ. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of PAI-1 in skeletal muscle health and function. We aim to shed light on the relevance of this protein in skeletal muscle and propose potential therapeutic approaches to aid in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health.
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6
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Li L, Xiang S, Wang B, Lin H, Kihara S, Sun H, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. TGF-β1 plays a protective role in glucocorticoid-induced dystrophic calcification. Bone 2020; 136:115355. [PMID: 32259685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the deposition of calcium in degenerated tissue which occurs as a reaction to tissue damage. Sometimes if tissue repair fails, it can progress into heterotopic ossification (HO), a pathological condition of abnormal bone formation. HO happens frequently in severe trauma patients such as in blast injury, central nervous system injury and burn injury, in which excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production has always been found. Glucocorticoids have a big impact on bone and muscle. However, few studies have investigated the impact of glucocorticoids on DC/HO formation in muscle. This study aimed to determine the role of glucocorticoids in DC/HO pathogenesis following muscular injury and the possible underlying mechanism. In this study, we administered a high dose of a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), to animals with muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin (CTX) injection to mimic a glucocorticoid excess state following severe muscle trauma. The findings reported here showed that DEX treatment together with CTX-induced muscle injury led to a significant amount of DC in muscle. This effect was likely related to protein level alterations in the fibrinolytic system and resultant decreased circulating transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), given that supplementation of recombinant TGF-β1 markedly rescued this phenomenon. In summary, our results suggest that glucocorticoid excess impairs muscle regeneration and promotes DC/HO, and that TGF-β1 could be a key factor in modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiqi Xiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shinsuke Kihara
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Musculoskeletal Growth & Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Rahman FA, Angus SA, Stokes K, Karpowicz P, Krause MP. Impaired ECM Remodeling and Macrophage Activity Define Necrosis and Regeneration Following Damage in Aged Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134575. [PMID: 32605082 PMCID: PMC7369722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with age, the cause of which remains largely unknown. We investigated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their regulators during early regeneration timepoints to define a link between aberrant ECM remodeling, and impaired aged muscle regeneration. The regeneration process was compared in young (three month old) and aged (18 month old) C56BL/6J mice at 3, 5, and 7 days following cardiotoxin-induced damage to the tibialis anterior muscle. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess regenerative capacity, ECM remodeling, and the macrophage response in relation to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and ECM protein expression. The regeneration process was impaired in aged muscle. Greater intracellular and extramyocellular PAI-1 expression was found in aged muscle. Collagen I was found to accumulate in necrotic regions, while macrophage infiltration was delayed in regenerating regions of aged muscle. Young muscle expressed higher levels of MMP-9 early in the regeneration process that primarily colocalized with macrophages, but this expression was reduced in aged muscle. Our results indicate that ECM remodeling is impaired at early time points following muscle damage, likely a result of elevated expression of the major inhibitor of ECM breakdown, PAI-1, and consequent suppression of the macrophage, MMP-9, and myogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ahmad Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (F.A.R.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sarah Anne Angus
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (F.A.R.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Kyle Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Matthew Paul Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (F.A.R.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-253-3000
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8
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Dungan CM, Peck BD, Walton RG, Huang Z, Bamman MM, Kern PA, Peterson CA. In vivo analysis of γH2AX+ cells in skeletal muscle from aged and obese humans. FASEB J 2020; 34:7018-7035. [PMID: 32246795 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000111rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various identifiers of cellular senescence have been used to quantify the abundance of these cells in different tissues. These include classic markers such as p16, senescence-associated β-gal, and γH2AX, in addition to more recent markers (Sudan Black B and HMGB1). In vivo data on the usefulness of these markers in skeletal muscle are very limited and inconsistent. In the present study, we attempted to identify senescent cells in frozen human skeletal muscle biopsies using these markers to determine the effects of age and obesity on senescent cell burden; however, we were only able to assess the abundance of DNA-damaged nuclei using γH2AX immunohistochemistry. The abundance of γH2AX+ cells, including satellite cells, was not higher in muscle from old compared to young individuals; however, γH2AX+ cells were higher with obesity. Additionally, terminally differentiated, postmitotic myofiber nuclei from obese individuals had elevated γH2AX abundance compared to muscle from lean individuals. Analyses of gene expression support the conclusion that the elevated DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype are preferentially associated with obesity in skeletal muscle. These data implicate obesity as a larger contributor to DNA damage in skeletal muscle than aging; however, more sensitive senescence markers for human skeletal muscle are needed to determine if these cells are in fact senescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Dungan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Grace Walton
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhengyan Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Zhu S, Tian Z, Torigoe D, Zhao J, Xie P, Sugizaki T, Sato M, Horiguchi H, Terada K, Kadomatsu T, Miyata K, Oike Y. Aging- and obesity-related peri-muscular adipose tissue accelerates muscle atrophy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221366. [PMID: 31442231 PMCID: PMC6707561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia due to loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength leads to physical inactivity and decreased quality of life. The number of individuals with sarcopenia is rapidly increasing as the number of older people increases worldwide, making this condition a medical and social problem. Some patients with sarcopenia exhibit accumulation of peri-muscular adipose tissue (PMAT) as ectopic fat deposition surrounding atrophied muscle. However, an association of PMAT with muscle atrophy has not been demonstrated. Here, we show that PMAT is associated with muscle atrophy in aged mice and that atrophy severity increases in parallel with cumulative doses of PMAT. We observed severe muscle atrophy in two different obese model mice harboring significant PMAT relative to respective control non-obese mice. We also report that denervation-induced muscle atrophy was accelerated in non-obese young mice transplanted around skeletal muscle with obese adipose tissue relative to controls transplanted with non-obese adipose tissue. Notably, transplantation of obese adipose tissue into peri-muscular regions increased nuclear translocation of FoxO transcription factors and upregulated expression FoxO targets associated with proteolysis (Atrogin1 and MuRF1) and cellular senescence (p19 and p21) in muscle. Conversely, in obese mice, PMAT removal attenuated denervation-induced muscle atrophy and suppressed upregulation of genes related to proteolysis and cellular senescence in muscle. We conclude that PMAT accumulation accelerates age- and obesity-induced muscle atrophy by increasing proteolysis and cellular senescence in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Zhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhe Tian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (ZT); (YO)
| | - Daisuke Torigoe
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jiabin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyu Xie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugizaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Allergy, and Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Kumamoto Mouse Clinic, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis (IRDA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Allergy, and Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (ZT); (YO)
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10
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Woronowicz KC, Gline SE, Herfat ST, Fields AJ, Schneider RA. FGF and TGFβ signaling link form and function during jaw development and evolution. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S219-S236. [PMID: 29753626 PMCID: PMC6239991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How does form arise during development and change during evolution? How does form relate to function, and what enables embryonic structures to presage their later use in adults? To address these questions, we leverage the distinct functional morphology of the jaw in duck, chick, and quail. In connection with their specialized mode of feeding, duck develop a secondary cartilage at the tendon insertion of their jaw adductor muscle on the mandible. An equivalent cartilage is absent in chick and quail. We hypothesize that species-specific jaw architecture and mechanical forces promote secondary cartilage in duck through the differential regulation of FGF and TGFβ signaling. First, we perform transplants between chick and duck embryos and demonstrate that the ability of neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) to direct the species-specific insertion of muscle and the formation of secondary cartilage depends upon the amount and spatial distribution of NCM-derived connective tissues. Second, we quantify motility and build finite element models of the jaw complex in duck and quail, which reveals a link between species-specific jaw architecture and the predicted mechanical force environment. Third, we investigate the extent to which mechanical load mediates FGF and TGFβ signaling in the duck jaw adductor insertion, and discover that both pathways are mechano-responsive and required for secondary cartilage formation. Additionally, we find that FGF and TGFβ signaling can also induce secondary cartilage in the absence of mechanical force or in the adductor insertion of quail embryos. Thus, our results provide novel insights on molecular, cellular, and biomechanical mechanisms that couple musculoskeletal form and function during development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Woronowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gline
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Safa T Herfat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Richard A Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA.
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Kaji H. Adipose Tissue‐Derived Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 Function and Regulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1873-1896. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Misawa K, Hashizume K, Yamamoto M, Minegishi Y, Hase T, Shimotoyodome A. Ginger extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1058-67. [PMID: 26101135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of obesity entails an imbalance wherein energy intake exceeds expenditure. Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is now a worldwide health problem. Food-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) stimulators represent potential treatment options for obesity. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was previously shown to regulate the PPARγ signaling pathway in adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effects of ginger in vivo and the mechanism of action in vitro. Energy expenditure was increased, and diet-induced obesity was attenuated in C57BL/6J mice treated with dietary ginger extract (GE). GE also increased the number of Type I muscle fibers, improved running endurance capacity and upregulated PPARδ-targeted gene expression in skeletal muscle and the liver. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol acted as specific PPARδ ligands and stimulated PPARδ-dependent gene expression in cultured human skeletal muscle myotubes. An analysis of cellular respiration revealed that pretreating cultured skeletal muscle myotubes with GE increased palmitate-induced oxygen consumption rate, which suggested an increase in cellular fatty acid catabolism. These results demonstrated that sustained activation of the PPARδ pathway with GE attenuated diet-induced obesity and improved exercise endurance capacity by increasing skeletal muscle fat catabolism. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol may be responsible for the regulatory effects of dietary ginger on PPARδ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Misawa
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Hashizume
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Hase
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimotoyodome
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
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Tamura Y, Kawao N, Yano M, Okada K, Okumoto K, Chiba Y, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in glucocorticoid-induced diabetes and osteopenia in mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:2194-206. [PMID: 25552599 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of glucocorticoids (GCs) causes numerous adverse effects, including glucose/lipid abnormalities, osteoporosis, and muscle wasting. The pathogenic mechanism, however, is not completely understood. In this study, we used plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient mice to explore the role of PAI-1 in GC-induced glucose/lipid abnormalities, osteoporosis, and muscle wasting. Corticosterone markedly increased the levels of circulating PAI-1 and the PAI-1 mRNA level in the white adipose tissue of wild-type mice. PAI-1 deficiency significantly reduced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance but not hyperlipidemia induced by GC. An in vitro experiment revealed that active PAI-1 treatment inhibits insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and glucose uptake in HepG2 hepatocytes. However, this was not observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes, indicating that PAI-1 suppressed insulin signaling in hepatocytes. PAI-1 deficiency attenuated the GC-induced bone loss presumably via inhibition of apoptosis of osteoblasts. Moreover, the PAI-1 deficiency also protected from GC-induced muscle loss. In conclusion, the current study indicated that PAI-1 is involved in GC-induced glucose metabolism abnormality, osteopenia, and muscle wasting in mice. PAI-1 may be a novel therapeutic target to mitigate the adverse effects of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kinki University Hospital, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Skin physiology in microgravity: a 3-month stay aboard ISS induces dermal atrophy and affects cutaneous muscle and hair follicles cycling in mice. NPJ Microgravity 2015; 1:15002. [PMID: 28725708 PMCID: PMC5515501 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Mice Drawer System (MDS) Tissue Sharing program was the longest rodent space mission ever performed. It provided 20 research teams with organs and tissues collected from mice having spent 3 months on the International Space Station (ISS). Our participation to this experiment aimed at investigating the impact of such prolonged exposure to extreme space conditions on mouse skin physiology. METHODS Mice were maintained in the MDS for 91 days aboard ISS (space group (S)). Skin specimens were collected shortly after landing for morphometric, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. An exact replicate of the experiment in the MDS was performed on ground (ground group (G)). RESULTS A significant reduction of dermal thickness (-15%, P=0.05) was observed in S mice accompanied by an increased newly synthetized procollagen (+42%, P=0.03), likely reflecting an increased collagen turnover. Transcriptomic data suggested that the dermal atrophy might be related to an early degradation of defective newly formed procollagen molecules. Interestingly, numerous hair follicles in growing anagen phase were observed in the three S mice, validated by a high expression of specific hair follicles genes, while only one mouse in the G controls showed growing hairs. By microarray analysis of whole thickness skin, we observed a significant modulation of 434 genes in S versus G mice. A large proportion of the upregulated transcripts encoded proteins related to striated muscle homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a prolonged exposure to space conditions may induce skin atrophy, deregulate hair follicle cycle, and markedly affect the transcriptomic repertoire of the cutaneous striated muscle panniculus carnosus.
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Wu P, Chawla A, Spinner RJ, Yu C, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ, Wang H. Key changes in denervated muscles and their impact on regeneration and reinnervation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1796-809. [PMID: 25422641 PMCID: PMC4239769 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.143424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction becomes progressively less receptive to regenerating axons if nerve repair is delayed for a long period of time. It is difficult to ascertain the denervated muscle's residual receptivity by time alone. Other sensitive markers that closely correlate with the extent of denervation should be found. After a denervated muscle develops a fibrillation potential, muscle fiber conduction velocity, muscle fiber diameter, muscle wet weight, and maximal isometric force all decrease; remodeling increases neuromuscular junction fragmentation and plantar area, and expression of myogenesis-related genes is initially up-regulated and then down-regulated. All these changes correlate with both the time course and degree of denervation. The nature and time course of these denervation changes in muscle are reviewed from the literature to explore their roles in assessing both the degree of detrimental changes and the potential success of a nerve repair. Fibrillation potential amplitude, muscle fiber conduction velocity, muscle fiber diameter, mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor could all reflect the severity and length of denervation and the receptiveness of denervated muscle to regenerating axons, which could possibly offer an important clue for surgical choices and predict the outcomes of delayed nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aditya Chawla
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Spinner
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
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AKT3 regulates ErbB2, ErbB3 and estrogen receptor α expression and contributes to endocrine therapy resistance of ErbB2+ breast tumor cells from Balb-neuT mice. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1021-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Goodman CA, McNally RM, Hoffmann FM, Hornberger TA. Smad3 induces atrogin-1, inhibits mTOR and protein synthesis, and promotes muscle atrophy in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1946-57. [PMID: 24002653 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the TGF superfamily, is sufficient to induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Myostatin-induced atrophy is associated with increases in E3-ligase atrogin-1 expression and protein degradation and decreases in Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and protein synthesis. Myostatin signaling activates the transcription factor Smad3 (Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic), which has been shown to be necessary for myostatin-induced atrogin-1 expression and atrophy; however, it is not known whether Smad3 is sufficient to induce these events or whether Smad3 simply plays a permissive role. Thus, the aim of this study was to address these questions with an in vivo model. To accomplish this goal, in vivo transfection of plasmid DNA was used to create transient transgenic mouse skeletal muscles, and our results show for the first time that Smad3 expression is sufficient to stimulate atrogin-1 promoter activity, inhibit Akt/mTOR signaling and protein synthesis, and induce muscle fiber atrophy. Moreover, we propose that Akt/mTOR signaling is inhibited by a Smad3-induced decrease in microRNA-29 (miR-29) expression and a subsequent increase in the translation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mRNA. Smad3 is also sufficient to inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) promoter activity and to increase FoxO (Forkhead Box Protein, Subclass O)-mediated signaling and the promoter activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Combined, this study provides the first evidence that Smad3 is sufficient to regulate many of the events associated with myostatin-induced atrophy and therefore suggests that Smad3 signaling may be a viable target for therapies aimed at preventing myostatin-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706.
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Krause MP, Al-Sajee D, D’Souza DM, Rebalka IA, Moradi J, Riddell MC, Hawke TJ. Impaired macrophage and satellite cell infiltration occurs in a muscle-specific fashion following injury in diabetic skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70971. [PMID: 23951058 PMCID: PMC3741394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic elevations in PAI-1 suppress the fibrinolytic pathway leading to poor collagen remodelling and delayed regeneration of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in type-1 diabetic Akita mice. However, how impaired collagen remodelling was specifically attenuating regeneration in Akita mice remained unknown. Furthermore, given intrinsic differences between muscle groups, it was unclear if the reparative responses between muscle groups were different. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we reveal that diabetic Akita muscles display differential regenerative responses with the TA and gastrocnemius muscles exhibiting reduced regenerating myofiber area compared to wild-type mice, while soleus muscles displayed no difference between animal groups following injury. Collagen levels in TA and gastrocnemius, but not soleus, were significantly increased post-injury versus controls. At 5 days post-injury, when degenerating/necrotic regions were present in both animal groups, Akita TA and gastrocnemius muscles displayed reduced macrophage and satellite cell infiltration and poor myofiber formation. By 10 days post-injury, necrotic regions were absent in wild-type TA but persisted in Akita TA. In contrast, Akita soleus exhibited no impairment in any of these measures compared to wild-type soleus. In an effort to define how impaired collagen turnover was attenuating regeneration in Akita TA, a PAI-1 inhibitor (PAI-039) was orally administered to Akita mice following cardiotoxin injury. PAI-039 administration promoted macrophage and satellite cell infiltration into necrotic areas of the TA and gastrocnemius. Importantly, soleus muscles exhibit the highest inducible expression of MMP-9 following injury, providing a mechanism for normative collagen degradation and injury recovery in this muscle despite systemically elevated PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the mechanism underlying how impaired collagen remodelling in type-1 diabetes results in delayed regeneration is an impairment in macrophage infiltration and satellite cell recruitment to degenerating areas; a phenomena that occurs differentially between muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Krause
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhuha Al-Sajee
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna M. D’Souza
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irena A. Rebalka
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmin Moradi
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C. Riddell
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Hawke
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Distinct functional roles of Akt isoforms for proliferation, survival, migration and EGF-mediated signalling in lung cancer derived disseminated tumor cells. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1952-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 serum levels and 4G/5G gene polymorphism in morbidly obese Hispanic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Krause MP, Moradi J, Nissar AA, Riddell MC, Hawke TJ. Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 restores skeletal muscle regeneration in untreated type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:1964-72. [PMID: 21593201 PMCID: PMC3121432 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes leads to impairments in growth, function, and regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly defined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS With the use of Ins2(WT/C96Y) mice (model of adolescent-onset type 1 diabetes), muscle regeneration was characterized in terms of muscle mass, myofiber size (cross-sectional area), and protein expression. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-039, an effective inhibitor of PAI-1, was orally administered to determine if PAI-1 was attenuating muscle regeneration in Ins2(WT/C96Y) mice. RESULTS Ins2(WT/C96Y) mice exposed to 1 or 8 weeks of untreated type 1 diabetes before chemically induced muscle injury display significant impairments in their regenerative capacity as demonstrated by decreased muscle mass, myofiber cross-sectional area, myogenin, and Myh3 expression. PAI-1, a physiologic inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system and primary contributor to other diabetes complications, was more than twofold increased within 2 weeks of diabetes onset and remained elevated throughout the experimental period. Consistent with increased circulating PAI-1, regenerating muscles of diabetic mice exhibited excessive collagen levels at 5 and 10 days postinjury with concomitant decreases in active urokinase plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Pharmacologic inhibition of PAI-1 with orally administered PAI-039 rescued the early regenerative impairments in noninsulin-treated Ins2(WT/C96Y) mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data illustrate that the pharmacologic inhibition of elevated PAI-1 restores the early impairments in skeletal muscle repair observed in type 1 diabetes and suggests that early interventional studies targeting PAI-1 may be warranted to ensure optimal growth and repair in adolescent diabetic skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Krause
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmin Moradi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliyah A. Nissar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C. Riddell
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Thomas J. Hawke,
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The role and regulation of MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle atrophy. Pflugers Arch 2011; 461:325-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:568-80. [PMID: 21030841 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328341311d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cesari M, Pahor M, Incalzi RA. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1): a key factor linking fibrinolysis and age-related subclinical and clinical conditions. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28:e72-91. [PMID: 20626406 PMCID: PMC2958211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The close relationship existing between aging and thrombosis has growingly been studied in this last decade. The age-related development of a prothrombotic imbalance in the fibrinolysis homeostasis has been hypothesized as the basis of this increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Fibrinolysis is the result of the interactions among multiple plasminogen activators and inhibitors constituting the enzymatic cascade, and ultimately leading to the degradation of fibrin. The plasminogen activator system plays a key role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a member of the superfamily of serine-protease inhibitors (or serpins), and the principal inhibitor of both the tissue-type and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, the two plasminogen activators able to activate plasminogen. Current evidence describing the central role played by PAI-1 in a number of age-related subclinical (i.e., inflammation, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance) and clinical (i.e., obesity, comorbidities, Werner syndrome) conditions is presented. CONCLUSIONS Despite some controversial and unclear issues, PAI-1 represents an extremely promising marker that may become a biological parameter to be progressively considered in the prognostic evaluation, in the disease monitoring, and as treatment target of age-related conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cesari
- Area di Geriatria, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
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