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Zhang YP, Pan CS, Yan L, Liu YY, Hu BH, Chang X, Li Q, Huang DD, Sun HY, Fu G, Sun K, Fan JY, Han JY. Catalpol restores LPS-elicited rat microcirculation disorder by regulation of a network of signaling involving inhibition of TLR-4 and SRC. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1091-G1104. [PMID: 27789455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00159.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
LPS-induced microvascular hyperpermeability and hemorrhage play a key role in the development of sepsis, the attenuation of which might be an important strategy to prevent sepsis. However, the current clinical therapies have proven to be inefficient in improving the prognosis for patients with sepsis. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside extracted from the roots of Rehmannia, has been reported to protect against LPS-induced acute lung injury through a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. However, it is still unknown whether catalpol can be an effective treatment to ameliorate the LPS-induced microvascular disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of catalpol on LPS-induced mesenteric microvascular disorder and its underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were challenged by infusion of LPS (10 mg·kg-1·h-1) through the left femoral vein for 120 min. Post-treatment with catalpol (10 mg/kg) alleviated the LPS-induced microvascular hyperpermeability and hemorrhage; reduced mortality; ameliorated the alteration in the distribution of claudin-5 and the junctional adhesion molecule-1, as well as the degradation of collagen IV and laminin; and attenuated the increase of TLR-4 level, phosphorylations of Src tyrosine kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and cathepsin B activation. In vitro study in human umbilical vein endothelial cells verified these results and further revealed that inhibition of TLR-4 and Src each simulated some, but not all, of the effects that catalpol exerted. Besides, surface plasmon resonance showed that catalpol could directly bind to TLR-4 and Src. These results demonstrated that catalpol was able to ameliorate the LPS-induced microvascular barrier damage and hemorrhage by targeting both TLR-4 and Src, thus attenuating the phosphorylation of Src kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase, and focal adhesion kinase, as well as cathepsin B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Pei Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Bai-He Hu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xin Chang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Dan-Dan Huang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hao-Yu Sun
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ge Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; .,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; and
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Chen Y, Li X, Boini KM, Pitzer AL, Gulbins E, Zhang Y, Li PL. Endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome activation associated with lysosomal destabilization during coronary arteritis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:396-408. [PMID: 25450976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes play a critical role in the development of vascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms activating the inflammasome in endothelial cells and the relevance of this inflammasome activation is far from clear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which an Nlrp3 inflammasome is activated to result in endothelial dysfunction during coronary arteritis by Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) cell wall fragments (LCWE) in a mouse model for Kawasaki disease. Endothelial dysfunction associated with increased vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) expression and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion was observed during coronary arteritis in mice treated with LCWE. Accompanied with these changes, the inflammasome activation was also shown in coronary arterial endothelium, which was characterized by a marked increase in caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production. In cultured endothelial cells, LCWE induced Nlrp3 inflammasome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production, which were blocked by Nlrp3 gene silencing or lysosome membrane stabilizing agents such as colchicine, dexamethasone, and ceramide. However, a potassium channel blocker glibenclamide or an oxygen free radical scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine had no effects on LCWE-induced inflammasome activation. LCWE also increased endothelial cell lysosomal membrane permeability and triggered lysosomal cathepsin B release into cytosol. Silencing cathepsin B blocked LCWE-induced Nlrp3 inflammasome formation and activation in endothelial cells. In vivo, treatment of mice with cathepsin B inhibitor also abolished LCWE-induced inflammasome activation in coronary arterial endothelium. It is concluded that LCWE enhanced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and consequent release of lysosomal cathepsin B, resulting in activation of the endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome, which may contribute to the development of coronary arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ashley L Pitzer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88 in necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:707-15. [PMID: 24614801 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of toll-like receptor 4 in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has been intensively studied, but its downstream signaling and the potential regulatory mechanisms remain unidentified. Our study focused on the role of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), the first downstream adaptor of toll-like receptor 4 inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in the pathogenesis of NEC. METHODS MyD88 knockout (MyD88(-/-)-Ko) mice and lentivirus-mediated stable MyD88-knockdown cell line (IEC-6) were used. NEC was induced by formula gavage, cold, hypoxia, combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo, or LPS stimulation in vitro. NEC was evaluated by histology and multiple inflammatory cytokines. Enterocyte apoptosis was evaluated by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) or Annexin analysis. Inflammatory or apoptotic molecules including NF-κB, Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β, interferon regulatory factor 3, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspases were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS In the MyD88-Ko group, NEC severity and intestinal enterocyte apoptosis rate were reduced, the expression of NF-κB, caspases, and Bax, were all downregulated, while Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β and were upregulated, and antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 remained stable. Cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also all decreased. CONCLUSION MyD88-dependent signaling is the prevailing inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in toll-like receptor 4 downstream signaling; MyD88-Ko resulted in reduced inflammatory severity and apoptosis, though MyD88-independent signaling can also be activated, but is of less dominant for the development of NEC.
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Haddad G, Zhu LF, Rayner DC, Murray AG. Experimental glomerular endothelial injury in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78244. [PMID: 24143262 PMCID: PMC3797051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium of the kidney glomerulus is injured in Shiga-like toxigenic bacterial infection, genetic or acquired loss of complement regulatory protein function, and allo-immune responses of solid-organ or bone marrow transplantation. Existing models of diseases with glomerular endothelial cell (EC) injury, collectively grouped as thrombotic microangiopathies, are problematic, impeding investigation of the mechanisms of microvascular defense and repair. To develop a model of glomerular endothelial injury in the mouse, we conjugated the M. oreades lectin to the cytotoxin, saporin, (LS) to selectively injure the glomerular endothelium. Injury of the microvasculature was evaluated by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, and by quantitative RT-PCR of cell-type specific transcripts. Renal function was evaluated by quantitation of serum creatinine. The toxin conjugate induced apoptosis of microvascular ECs in vitro, and subtle histologic features of thrombotic microangiopathy in vivo that were enhanced by co-injection of 50 μg/kg LPS. Among LS/LPS-treated animals, loss of glomerular EC staining correlated with decreased expression of EC-specific transcripts, and impaired kidney function. Selective injury of the glomerular microvasculature with LS toxin conjugate and LPS elicits histologic features of thrombotic microangiopathy and acute kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Haddad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lin Fu Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David C. Rayner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yoshii H, Kamiyama H, Goto K, Oishi K, Katunuma N, Tanaka Y, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, Sato H, Yamamoto N, Kubo Y. CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus infection involves participation of endocytosis and cathepsin B. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19352. [PMID: 21541353 PMCID: PMC3081840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During a comparison of the infectivity of mNDK, a CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain, to various cell lines, we found that HeLa cells were much less susceptible than 293T and TE671 cells. Hybridoma cells between HeLa and 293T cells were as susceptible as 293T cells, suggesting that cellular factors enhance the mNDK infection in 293T cells. By screening a cDNA expression library in HeLa cells, cystatin C was isolated as an enhancer of the mNDK infection. Because cathepsin B protease, a natural ligand of cystatin C, was upregulated in HeLa cells, we speculated that the high levels of cathepsin B activities were inhibitory to the CD4-independent infection and that cystatin C enhanced the infection by impairing the excessive cathepsin B activity. Consistent with this idea, pretreatment of HeLa cells with 125 µM of CA-074Me, a cathepsin B inhibitor, resulted in an 8-fold enhancement of the mNDK infectivity. Because cathepsin B is activated by low pH in acidic endosomes, we further examined the potential roles of endosomes in the CD4-independent infection. Suppression of endosome acidification or endocytosis by inhibitors or by an Eps15 dominant negative mutant reduced the infectivity of mNDK in which CD4-dependent infections were not significantly impaired. Taken together, these results suggest that endocytosis, endosomal acidification, and cathepsin B activity are involved in the CD4-independent entry of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yoshii
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Preventive and Therapeutic Research for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruka Kamiyama
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Goto
- Department of Eco-epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Department of Preventive and Therapeutic Research for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Katunuma
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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