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Kamal R, Awasthi A, Pundir M, Thakur S. Healing the diabetic wound: Unlocking the secrets of genes and pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176645. [PMID: 38759707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds (DWs) are open sores that can occur anywhere on a diabetic patient's body. They are often complicated by infections, hypoxia, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and reduced growth factors and nucleic acids. The healing process involves four phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, regulated by various cellular and molecular events. Numerous genes and signaling pathways such as VEGF, TGF-β, NF-κB, PPAR-γ, MMPs, IGF, FGF, PDGF, EGF, NOX, TLR, JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, ERK, JNK, p38, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, FAK, Integrin, and Src pathways are involved in these events. These pathways and genes are often dysregulated in DWs leading to impaired healing. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, healing process, signaling pathways, and genes involved in DW. Further, various therapeutic strategies that target these pathways and genes via nanotechnology are also discussed. Additionally, clinical trials on DW related to gene therapy are also covered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Mandeep Pundir
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RIMT University, Punjab, 142001, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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2
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Hasegawa-Haruki A, Obara K, Takaoka N, Shirai K, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Aki R, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Hair-follicle associated pluripotent (HAP)-cell-sheet implantation enhanced wound healing in diabetic db/db mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304676. [PMID: 38875234 PMCID: PMC11178214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes often results in chronic ulcers that fail to heal. Effective treatment for diabetic wounds has not been achieved, although stem-cell-treatment has shown promise. Hair-follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP)-stem-cells from bulge area of mouse hair follicle have been shown to differentiate into keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and some other types of cells. In the present study, we developed HAP-cell-sheets to determine their effects on wound healing in type-2 diabetes mellitus (db/db) C57BL/6 mouse model. Flow cytometry analysis showed cytokeratin 15 expression in 64% of cells and macrophage expression in 3.6% of cells in HAP-cell-sheets. A scratch cell migration assay in vitro showed the ability of fibroblasts to migrate and proliferate was enhanced when co-cultured with HAP-cell-sheets. To investigate in vivo effects of the HAP-cell-sheets, they were implanted into 10 mm circular full-thickness resection wounds made on the back of db/db mice. Wound closure was facilitated in the implanted group until day 16. The thickness of epithelium and granulation tissue volume at day 7 were significantly increased by the implantation. CD68 positive area and TGF-β1 positive area were significantly increased; meanwhile, iNOS positive area was reduced at day 7 in the HAP-cell-sheets implanted group. After 21 days, CD68 positive areas in the implanted group were reduced to under the control group level, and TGF-β1 positive area had no difference between the two groups. These observations strongly suggest that the HAP-cell-sheets implantation is efficient to facilitate early macrophage activity and to suppress inflammation level. Using immuno-double-staining against CD34 and α-SMA, we found more vigorous angiogenesis in the implanted wound tissue. The present results suggest autologous HAP-cell-sheets can be used to heal refractory diabetic ulcers and have clinical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Hasegawa-Haruki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koya Obara
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanako Takaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoumi Shirai
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United states of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United states of America
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hong YK, Lin YC, Cheng TL, Lai CH, Chang YH, Huang YL, Hung CY, Wu CH, Hung KS, Ku YC, Ho YT, Tang MJ, Lin SW, Shi GY, McGrath JA, Wu HL, Hsu CK. TEM1/endosialin/CD248 promotes pathologic scarring and TGF-β activity through its receptor stability in dermal fibroblasts. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:12. [PMID: 38254097 PMCID: PMC10804696 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic scars, including keloids and hypertrophic scars, represent a common form of exaggerated cutaneous scarring that is difficult to prevent or treat effectively. Additionally, the pathobiology of pathologic scars remains poorly understood. We aim at investigating the impact of TEM1 (also known as endosialin or CD248), which is a glycosylated type I transmembrane protein, on development of pathologic scars. METHODS To investigate the expression of TEM1, we utilized immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques. We conducted in vitro cell culture experiments and an in vivo stretch-induced scar mouse model to study the involvement of TEM1 in TGF-β-mediated responses in pathologic scars. RESULTS The levels of the protein TEM1 are elevated in both hypertrophic scars and keloids in comparison to normal skin. A re-analysis of scRNA-seq datasets reveals that a major profibrotic subpopulation of keloid and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts greatly expresses TEM1, with expression increasing during fibroblast activation. TEM1 promotes activation, proliferation, and ECM production in human dermal fibroblasts by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling through binding with and stabilizing TGF-β receptors. Global deletion of Tem1 markedly reduces the amount of ECM synthesis and inflammation in a scar in a mouse model of stretch-induced pathologic scarring. The intralesional administration of ontuxizumab, a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody targeting TEM1, significantly decreased both the size and collagen density of keloids. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TEM1 plays a role in pathologic scarring, with its synergistic effect on the TGF-β signaling contributing to dermal fibroblast activation. Targeting TEM1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach in reducing the morbidity of pathologic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Wu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Ku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Ho
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Al-Ahmad BEM, Mustafa NS, Mokhtar KI, Lestari W, Sha’ban M, Nazri AA, Jabbar OA. Effect of Flaxseed on TGF-Β, IL-6, and MMP9 Genes Expression during Wound Healing Process in Rabbits. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a natural restorative response to tissue injury, and it involves regulated order of cellular and biochemical actions to reinstate tissue after injury, which involves resurfacing reconstitution, and restoration of tensile strength of injured skin. Normal and impaired wound healing post-significant problems related to healthcare and expenditure. Most of the chemical medications which widely used for wound healing might cause unwanted side effects with prolonged use such as hyper scarring, thus studies using natural products are now deemed important. Flaxseed is a natural product that enhances the immune system functioning against different diseases. Nevertheless, limited studies have been done looking into the response triggered by immune cells and the wound-healing-related genes with the use of flaxseed extract onto the wounded skin for the healing process.
AIM: The main objective of this study is to analyze the expression of wound healing-related genes during different stages of the wound healing process induced by flaxseed in vivo.
METHODS: The effect of flaxseed oil in the early stages (day 4 and 7) and late stages (day 14) of wound healing was explored on New Zealand white rabbits by creating a longitudinal full thickness wound on their back. The gene expression profiles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-6, and metalloproteinase (MMP9) genes which have roles in wound healing through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling were studied by polymerase chain reaction method.
RESULTS: Flaxseed extract has significant effects in up-regulating anti-inflammatory marker TGF-β in wounds. Flaxseed oil also reduces the expression level of MMP9 on day 14 of wound healing.
CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that flaxseed extract has the potential to promote wound healing through the regulation of TGF-β and MMP9 in vivo.
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Macrophage Phenotypes in Normal and Diabetic Wound Healing and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152430. [PMID: 35954275 PMCID: PMC9367932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage differentiation and polarization are essential players in the success of the wound-healing process. Acute simple wounds progress from inflammation to proliferation/regeneration and, finally, to remodeling. In injured skin, macrophages either reside in the epithelium or are recruited from monocytes. Their main role is supported by their plasticity, which allows them to adopt different phenotypic states, such as the M1-inflammatory state, in which they produce TNF and NO, and the M2-reparative state, in which they resolve inflammation and exhibit a reparative function. Reparative macrophages are an essential source of growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF and are not found in nonhealing wounds. This review discusses the differences between macrophage phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, how macrophages originate, and how they cross-communicate with other cellular components in a wound. This review also highlights the dysregulation of macrophages that occurs in nonhealing versus overhealing wounds and fibrosis. Then, the therapeutic manipulation of macrophages is presented as an attractive strategy for promoting healing through the secretion of growth factors for angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and collagen production. Finally, Hoxa3 overexpression is discussed as an example of the therapeutic repolarization of macrophages to the normal maturation state and phenotype with better healing outcomes.
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Novel lipophosphonoxin-loaded polycaprolactone electrospun nanofiber dressing reduces Staphylococcus aureus induced wound infection in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17688. [PMID: 34480072 PMCID: PMC8417216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Active wound dressings are attracting extensive attention in soft tissue repair and regeneration, including bacteria-infected skin wound healing. As the wide use of antibiotics leads to drug resistance we present here a new concept of wound dressings based on the polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffold (NANO) releasing second generation lipophosphonoxin (LPPO) as antibacterial agent. Firstly, we demonstrated in vitro that LPPO released from NANO exerted antibacterial activity while not impairing proliferation/differentiation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Secondly, using a mouse model we showed that NANO loaded with LPPO significantly reduced the Staphylococcus aureus counts in infected wounds as evaluated 7 days post-surgery. Furthermore, the rate of degradation and subsequent LPPO release in infected wounds was also facilitated by lytic enzymes secreted by inoculated bacteria. Finally, LPPO displayed negligible to no systemic absorption. In conclusion, the composite antibacterial NANO-LPPO-based dressing reduces the bacterial load and promotes skin repair, with the potential to treat wounds in clinical settings.
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8
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Pulido T, Velarde MC, Alimirah F. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Fueling a wound that never heals. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111561. [PMID: 34411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is impaired with advanced age and certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Moreover, common cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, can cause unintended tissue damage and impair wound healing. Available wound care treatments are not always effective, as some wounds fail to heal or recur after treatment. Hence, a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic, nonhealing wounds may offer new ideas for the development of effective wound care treatments. Cancers are sometimes referred to as wounds that never heal, sharing mechanisms similar to wound healing. We describe in this review how cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to chronic wounds versus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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9
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Active agents loaded extracellular matrix mimetic electrospun membranes for wound healing applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Topical Application of Conditioned Medium from Hypoxically Cultured Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:1342-1352. [PMID: 34019504 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells or their conditioned medium improve chronic wound healing, and their effect is enhanced by hypoxia. Diabetic foot ulcers are chronic wounds characterized by abnormal and delayed healing, which frequently require amputation. The authors evaluated the effect of topical application of conditioned medium from hypoxically cultured amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing in diabetic mice. METHODS Amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under 21% oxygen to prepare normoxic conditioned medium and under 1% oxygen to prepare hypoxic conditioned medium. Hydrogels containing standard medium, normoxic conditioned medium, or hypoxic conditioned medium were topically applied to excisional wounds of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Ulcer tissues were harvested on day 9; immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to analyze angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and expression levels of inflammation-related genes. RESULTS Hypoxic conditioned medium significantly enhanced wound closure, increased capillary density and epithelization, and reduced macrophage infiltration. It also tended to reduce the infiltration of neutrophils and enhance the infiltration of regulatory T cells; it showed a tendency to downregulate the expression of the inflammation-related genes interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 1, and chemokine ligand 2. Normoxic conditioned medium exhibited similar effects, although they were of lesser magnitude than those of hypoxic conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogels containing hypoxically cultured, amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice by enhancing angiogenesis, accelerating epithelization, and suppressing inflammation. Therefore, topical application of amnion mesenchymal stem cell-derived hypoxic conditioned medium could be a novel treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.
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11
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020306. [PMID: 32012802 PMCID: PMC7072438 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed.
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13
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Kang W, Choi D, Park T. Dietary Suberic Acid Protects Against UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging in Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122948. [PMID: 31817085 PMCID: PMC6950119 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin photoaging, which is mainly characterized by dryness and wrinkle formation. In the current study, we investigated the anti-photoaging effects of dietary suberic acid, a naturally occurring photochemical, using UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Mice were exposed to UVB three times weekly and fed diets containing three different suberic acid concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for 10 weeks. It was found that suberic acid inhibited UVB-induced skin dryness, wrinkle formation, and epidermal thickness in hairless mice. In parallel with phenotypic changes, suberic acid attenuated UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes (MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, and MMP9), while accelerating collagen genes including collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), COL1A2, and COL3A1 and hyaluronic acid synthases genes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3). We further demonstrated that suberic acid upregulated the molecules involved in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway, but downregulated the molecules participating in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling in UVB-irritated hairless mice. Collectively, we propose that suberic acid may be a promising agent for treating skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taesun Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3123; Fax: +82-2-365-3118
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Li J, Wang J, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhou M, Zhong A, Sun J. Experimental models for cutaneous hypertrophic scar research. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:126-144. [PMID: 31509318 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human skin wound repair may result in various outcomes with most of them leading to scar formation. Commonly seen in many cutaneous wound healing cases, hypertrophic scars are considered as phenotypes of abnormal wound repair. To prevent the formation of hypertrophic scars, efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of scarring following wound closure. Numerous in vivo and in vitro models have been created to facilitate investigations into cutaneous scarring and the development of antiscarring treatments. To select the best model for a specific study, background knowledge of the current models of hypertrophic scars is necessary. In this review, we describe in vivo and in vitro models for studying hypertrophic scars, as well as the distinct characteristics of these models. The choice of models for a specific study should be based on the characteristics of the model and the goal of the study. In general, in vivo animal models are often used in phenotypical scar formation analysis, development of antiscarring treatment, and functional analyses of individual genes. In contrast, in vitro models are chosen to pathway identification during scar formation as well as in high-throughput analysis in drug development. Besides helping investigators choose the best scarring model for their research, the goal of this review is to provide knowledge for improving the existing models and development of new models. These will contribute to the progress of scarring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Muran Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Ariyati N, Kusworini K, Nurdiana N, Wirohadidjojo YW. Low Degree Hyaluronic Acid Crosslinking Inducing the Release of TGF-Β1 in Conditioned Medium of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1572-1575. [PMID: 31210802 PMCID: PMC6560298 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Presently, the application of stem cells and their paracrine effect for anti-ageing therapy has commenced. Wharton’s jelly-derived stem cell conditioned medium (WJSCs-CM) is renowned for increasing proliferation, migrate ageing skin fibroblasts and increase consumption of extracellular transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). With more than 85% of frequently used dermal filler procedures are hyaluronic acid fillers (HA), a mixture of both with optimal HA crosslinking degree has not yet been identified. AIM: This study aimed to determine the discrepancies in the results of various HA crosslinking degree in WJSCs-CM concerning various levels of growth factors (GF). METHODS: Conditioned medium was obtained from mesenchymal stem cells Wharton’s jelly of the newborn umbilical cord with caesarean section procedure, fabricated with hypoxia method (HCM). HA was obtained from preparations on the market with crosslinking degrees of 3%, 4%, and 10%. GF levels were measured using sandwich ELISA method based on the protocol provided by anti-TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antibody producers (Cloud-Clone Corp®, Texas, USA). RESULTS: Low degree HA crosslinking (3% and 4%) elevated TGF-β1 release in WJSCs-CM. HA crosslinking did not provoke increased levels of PDGF and bFGF in WJSCs-CM, both at low and higher degrees. CONCLUSION: Low degree HA crosslinking induced the increase of TGF-β1 release in WJSCs-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ariyati
- Doctoral Program, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Nurdiana Nurdiana
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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16
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α-Ionone Protects Against UVB-Induced Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091804. [PMID: 31075987 PMCID: PMC6539661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light-induced wrinkle formation is a major dermatological problem and is associated with alteration in collagen. Here, we investigated the potential of α-ionone, a naturally occurring aromatic compound, in regulation of UVB-induced photoaging in human Hs68 dermal fibroblasts and identified the mechanisms involved. We found that in human dermal fibroblasts, α-ionone inhibited UVB-induced loss of collagen. α-Ionone upregulated the molecules participating in the TGF-β–SMAD pathway (TGF-β1, phospho-SMAD2/3, Col1A1, and Col1A2), but downregulated the molecules involved in the MAPK–AP-1 signaling pathway (phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, phospho-ERK, phospho-c-Fos, phospho-c-Jun, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9), in human dermal fibroblasts. α-Ionone treatment also increased hyaluronic acid contents, and this effect was accompanied by an upregulation of mRNA expression of genes (HAS1 and HAS2) involved in hyaluronic acid synthesis. Thus, α-ionone is effective in the prevention of UVB-induced decrease of collagen and hyaluronic acid in human dermal fibroblasts. We propose that α-ionone may prove beneficial for the prevention of UV-induced wrinkle formation and skin damage.
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Chadaeva I, Ponomarenko P, Rasskazov D, Sharypova E, Kashina E, Kleshchev M, Ponomarenko M, Naumenko V, Savinkova L, Kolchanov N, Osadchuk L, Osadchuk A. Natural Selection Equally Supports the Human Tendencies in Subordination and Domination: A Genome-Wide Study With in silico Confirmation and in vivo Validation in Mice. Front Genet 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30873204 PMCID: PMC6404730 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed the following heuristic decision-making rule: "IF {an excess of a protein relating to the nervous system is an experimentally known physiological marker of low pain sensitivity, fast postinjury recovery, or aggressive, risk/novelty-seeking, anesthetic-like, or similar agonistic-intolerant behavior} AND IF {a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causes overexpression of the gene encoding this protein} THEN {this SNP can be a SNP marker of the tendency in dominance} WHILE {underexpression corresponds to subordination} AND vice versa." Using this decision-making rule, we analyzed 231 human genes of neuropeptidergic, non-neuropeptidergic, and neurotrophinergic systems that encode neurotrophic and growth factors, interleukins, neurotransmitters, receptors, transporters, and enzymes. These proteins are known as key factors of human social behavior. We analyzed all the 5,052 SNPs within the 70 bp promoter region upstream of the position where the protein-coding transcript starts, which were retrieved from databases Ensembl and dbSNP using our previously created public Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator (http://beehive.bionet.nsc.ru/cgi-bin/mgs/tatascan/start.pl). This definition of the promoter region includes all TATA-binding protein (TBP)-binding sites. A total of 556 and 552 candidate SNP markers contributing to the dominance and the subordination, respectively, were uncovered. On this basis, we determined that 231 human genes under study are subject to natural selection against underexpression (significance p < 0.0005), which equally supports the human tendencies in domination and subordination such as the norm of a reaction (plasticity) of the human social hierarchy. These findings explain vertical transmission of domination and subordination traits previously observed in rodent models. Thus, the results of this study equally support both sides of the century-old unsettled scientific debate on whether both aggressiveness and the social hierarchy among humans are inherited (as suggested by Freud and Lorenz) or are due to non-genetic social education, when the children are influenced by older individuals across generations (as proposed by Berkowitz and Fromm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxim Kleshchev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Xu M, Lv J, Wang P, Liao Y, Li Y, Zhao W, Zen J, Dong Z, Guo Z, Bo X, Liu M, Zhang L, Hu G, Chen Y. Vascular endothelial Cdc42 deficiency delays skin wound-healing processes by increasing IL-1β and TNF-α expression. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:257-268. [PMID: 30787984 PMCID: PMC6357328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important step in skin wound repair. Angiogenesis is affected by the functions of many types of cells, especially endothelial cells. Cdc42 plays a vital role in endothelial cell function and vascular development; however, the role of Cdc42 in skin microvascular permeability and skin wound healing is unclear. This study investigated the involvement of Cdc42 in skin wound-healing processes based on its known roles in angiogenesis. Full-thickness skin wounds were created on wild-type and inducible vascular-endothelial-specific Cdc42-/- mice. Cdc42 deletion in endothelium affected wound healing in following ways. Reepithelialization of wounds in Cdc42-/- mice was delayed compared with that of wounds in wild-type mice. The degree of angiogenesis of wound granulation tissue was significantly lower in Cdc42-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and the expression of MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were increased in the wound bed of Cdc42-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. These results confirm that Cdc42 in endothelium is required for angiogenesis and is an essential regulator of key skin wound-healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiawen Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military RegionNanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanxia Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junchao Zen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheyu Dong
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyin Bo
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Liu
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guodong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
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19
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Miao C, Li Y, Zhang X. The functions of FoxO transcription factors in epithelial wound healing. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:105-109. [PMID: 30450624 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Miao
- Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Trinity‐Pawling School Pawling New York USA
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20
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Shin JW, Choi HR, Yang SH, Choi JY, Na JI, Huh CH, Park KC. The increase of interfollicular epidermal stem cells and regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its repressors in the skin through hydroporation with anti-aging cocktail. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:1133-1139. [PMID: 30381873 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Hydroporation is a procedure that involves a subsonic flow of air and microdroplets into the skin. We previously reported that hydroporation treatment with a cocktail solution containing copper-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysyl, oligo hyaluronic acid, rhodiola extract, tranexamic acid, and β-glucan yielded positive effects on skin aging. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroporation with anti-aging cocktail on interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFESCs) and expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/AhR repressor (AhRR) in the skin. METHODS Skin samples from six volunteers who were treated with hydroporation were analyzed via confocal microscopic examination. RESULTS Markers for dermal matrix (procollagen type I and fibrillin-1) and basement membrane (type IV collagen and integrin α6) were increased after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression level of histone deacetylase 1-positive/p63-negative basal cells, which we previously reported as interfollicular epidermal stem cells. The expression level of AhR was significantly decreased, whereas that of AhRR was increased. This indicates an alteration in the interaction between the skin and environment posttreatment. CONCLUSION Anti-aging hydroporation treatment recovered the stem cell potential of basal cells. Moreover, this treatment decreased AhR and increased AhRR in the skin, which may protect the skin from the harmful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Amini-Nik S, Yousuf Y, Jeschke MG. Scar management in burn injuries using drug delivery and molecular signaling: Current treatments and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:135-154. [PMID: 28757325 PMCID: PMC5742037 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been tremendous improvements in burn care that have allowed patients to survive severe burn injuries that were once fatal. However, a major limitation of burn care currently is the development of hypertrophic scars in approximately 70% of patients. This significantly decreases the quality of life for patients due to the physical and psychosocial symptoms associated with scarring. Current approaches to manage scarring include surgical techniques and non-surgical methods such as laser therapy, steroid injections, and compression therapy. These treatments are limited in their effectiveness and regularly fail to manage symptoms. As a result, the development of novel treatments that aim to improve outcomes and quality of life is imperative. Drug delivery that targets the molecular cascades of wound healing to attenuate or prevent hypertrophic scarring is a promising approach that has therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss current treatments for scar management after burn injury, and how drug delivery targeting molecular signaling can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yusef Yousuf
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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22
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Tanno H, Kawakami K, Kanno E, Suzuki A, Takagi N, Yamamoto H, Ishii K, Imai Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M. Invariant NKT cells promote skin wound healing by preventing a prolonged neutrophilic inflammatory response. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:805-815. [PMID: 28940971 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The wound-healing process consists of the inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. In chronic wounds, the inflammation phase is prolonged with persistent neutrophil infiltration. The inflammatory response is critically regulated by cytokines and chemokines that are secreted from various immune cells. Recently, we showed that skin wound healing was delayed and the healing process was impaired under conditions lacking invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, an innate immune lymphocyte with potent immuno-regulatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of iNKT cell deficiency on the neutrophilic inflammatory response during the wound healing process. Neutrophil infiltration was prolonged in wound tissue in mice genetically lacking iNKT cells (Jα18KO mice) than in wild-type (WT) control mice on days 1 and 3 after wounding. MIP-2, KC, and IL-17A were produced at a significantly higher level in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice. In addition, neutrophil apoptosis was significantly reduced in the wound tissue in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice. Treatment with anti-IL-17A mAb, anti-Gr-1 mAb, or neutrophil elastase inhibitor reversed the impaired wound healing in Jα18KO mice. These results suggest that iNKT cells may promote the wound healing process through preventing the prolonged inflammatory response mediated by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sass PA, Dąbrowski M, Charzyńska A, Sachadyn P. Transcriptomic responses to wounding: meta-analysis of gene expression microarray data. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:850. [PMID: 29115927 PMCID: PMC5678747 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vast amount of microarray data on transcriptomic response to injury has been collected so far. We designed the analysis in order to identify the genes displaying significant changes in expression after wounding in different organisms and tissues. This meta-analysis is the first study to compare gene expression profiles in response to wounding in as different tissues as heart, liver, skin, bones, and spinal cord, and species, including rat, mouse and human. RESULTS We collected available microarray transcriptomic profiles obtained from different tissue injury experiments and selected the genes showing a minimum twofold change in expression in response to wounding in prevailing number of experiments for each of five wound healing stages we distinguished: haemostasis & early inflammation, inflammation, early repair, late repair and remodelling. During the initial phases after wounding, haemostasis & early inflammation and inflammation, the transcriptomic responses showed little consistency between different tissues and experiments. For the later phases, wound repair and remodelling, we identified a number of genes displaying similar transcriptional responses in all examined tissues. As revealed by ontological analyses, activation of certain pathways was rather specific for selected phases of wound healing, such as e.g. responses to vitamin D pronounced during inflammation. Conversely, we observed induction of genes encoding inflammatory agents and extracellular matrix proteins in all wound healing phases. Further, we selected several genes differentially upregulated throughout different stages of wound response, including established factors of wound healing in addition to those previously unreported in this context such as PTPRC and AQP4. CONCLUSIONS We found that transcriptomic responses to wounding showed similar traits in a diverse selection of tissues including skin, muscles, internal organs and nervous system. Notably, we distinguished transcriptional induction of inflammatory genes not only in the initial response to wounding, but also later, during wound repair and tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Andrzej Sass
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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24
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MicroRNAs in the skin: role in development, homoeostasis and regeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1923-1940. [PMID: 28705953 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system and possesses a vast number of functions. Due to the distinct layers of the skin and the variety of cells which populate each, a tightly regulated network of molecular signals control development and regeneration, whether due to programmed cell termination or injury. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a relatively recent discovery; they are a class of small non-coding RNAs which possess a multitude of biological functions due to their ability to regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional gene silencing. Of interest, is that a plethora of data demonstrates that a number of miRs are highly expressed within the skin, and are evidently key regulators of numerous vital processes to maintain non-aberrant functioning. Recently, miRs have been targeted as therapeutic interventions due to the ability of synthetic 'antagomiRs' to down-regulate abnormal miR expression, thereby potentiating wound healing and attenuating fibrotic processes which can contribute to disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). This review will provide an introduction to the structure and function of the skin and miR biogenesis, before summarizing the literature pertaining to the role of miRs. Finally, miR therapies will also be discussed, highlighting important future areas of research.
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25
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Pickup MW, Owens P, Moses HL. TGF-β, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, and Activin Signaling and the Tumor Microenvironment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022285. [PMID: 28062564 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and noncellular components surrounding the tumor cells influence many aspects of tumor progression. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and activins have been shown to regulate the phenotype and functions of the microenvironment and are attractive targets to attenuate protumorigenic microenvironmental changes. Given the pleiotropic nature of the cytokines involved, a full understanding of their effects on numerous cell types in many contexts is necessary for proper clinical intervention. In this review, we will explore the various effects of TGF-β, BMP, and activin signaling on stromal phenotypes known to associate with cancer progression. We will summarize these findings in the context of their tumor suppressive or promoting effects, as well as the molecular changes that these cytokines induce to influence stromal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Pickup
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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26
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Noguchi S, Saito A, Mikami Y, Urushiyama H, Horie M, Matsuzaki H, Takeshima H, Makita K, Miyashita N, Mitani A, Jo T, Yamauchi Y, Terasaki Y, Nagase T. TAZ contributes to pulmonary fibrosis by activating profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42595. [PMID: 28195168 PMCID: PMC5307361 DOI: 10.1038/srep42595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) regulates a variety of biological processes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TAZ are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including actin cytoskeleton and mechanical forces. TAZ is involved in lung alveolarization during lung development and Taz-heterozygous mice are resistant to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In this study, we explored the roles of TAZ in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) through histological analyses of human lung tissues and cell culture experiments. TAZ was highly expressed in the fibroblastic foci of lungs from patients with IPF. TAZ controlled myofibroblast marker expression, proliferation, migration, and matrix contraction in cultured lung fibroblasts. Importantly, actin stress fibers and nuclear accumulation of TAZ were more evident when cultured on a stiff matrix, suggesting a feedback mechanism to accelerate fibrotic responses. Gene expression profiling revealed TAZ-mediated regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and type I collagen. Clinical relevance of TAZ-regulated gene signature was further assessed using publicly available transcriptome data. These findings suggest that TAZ is involved in the pathogenesis of IPF through multifaceted effects on lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kosuke Makita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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ILK-PI3K/AKT pathway participates in cutaneous wound contraction by regulating fibroblast migration and differentiation to myofibroblast. J Transl Med 2016; 96:741-51. [PMID: 27111285 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in wound contraction are mainly mediated via integrin signaling. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key mediator in integrin signal transduction. We investigated the role of ILK in cutaneous wound contraction. We found that ILK was involved in cutaneous wound healing in rats, and ILK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors inhibited wound contraction and re-epithelialization, consequently delaying wound healing in vivo. Further, using in vitro studies, we demonstrated that ILK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors suppressed the contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen lattices, inhibited fibroblast migration, and interrupted the effect of TGF-β1 on promoting alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in fibroblasts. When ILK expression was directly blocked by ILK small interfering RNA transfection, the migration and α-SMA expression of normal dermal fibroblasts were significantly suppressed as well. The data suggest that the ILK-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediates cutaneous wound contraction by regulating fibroblast migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts.
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Myofibroblasts contribute to but are not necessary for wound contraction. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1429-38. [PMID: 26367489 PMCID: PMC4861064 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound contraction facilitates tissue repair. The correct balance between too little contraction, which leads to non-healing wounds, and too much contraction, which leads to contractures, is important for optimal healing. Thus, understanding which cells cause wound contraction is necessary to optimize repair. Wound contraction is hypothesized to develop from myofibroblast (cells which express alpha-smooth muscle actin; ACTA2) contractility, while the role of fibroblast contractility is unknown. In this study, we utilized ACTA2 null mice to determine what role fibroblasts play in wound contraction. Human scar contractures were immunostained for ACTA2, beta-cytoplasmic actin (ACTB), and gamma-cytoplasmic actin (ACTG1). Full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created on dorsum of ACTA2(+/+) mice and strain-matching ACTA2(+/-) and ACTA2(-/-) mice. Wound contraction was quantified. Tissue was harvested for histologic, immunohistochemical and protein analysis. Compared with surrounding unwounded skin, human scar tissue showed increased expression of ACTA2, ACTB, and ACTG1. ACTA2 was focally expressed in clusters. ACTB and ACTG1 were widely, highly expressed throughout scar tissue. Wound contraction was significantly retarded in ACTA2(-/-) mice, as compared to ACTA2(+/+) controls. Control mice had increased epithelialization, cell proliferation, and neovascularization. ACTA2(-/-) mice had lower levels of apoptosis, and fewer total numbers of cells. Smaller amount of collagen deposition and immature collagen organization in ACTA2(-/-) mice demonstrate that wounds were more immature. These data demonstrate that myofibroblasts contribute to but are not necessary for wound contraction. Mechanisms by which fibroblasts promote wound contraction may include activation of contractile signaling pathways, which promote interaction between non-muscle myosin II and ACTB and ACTG1.
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Jiang B, Li Y, Liang P, Liu Y, Huang X, Tong Z, Zhang P, Huang X, Liu Y, Liu Z. Nucleolin enhances the proliferation and migration of heat-denatured human dermal fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:807-18. [PMID: 26148015 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Denatured dermis, a part of dermis in burned skin, has the ability to restore its normal morphology and functions after their surrounding microenvironment is improved. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the denatured dermis could improve wound healing are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin during the recovery of heat-denatured human dermal fibroblasts. Nucleolin mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased time-dependently during the recovery of heat-denatured human dermal fibroblasts (52 °C, 30 seconds). Heat-denaturation promoted a time-dependent cell proliferation, migration, chemotaxis, and scratched wound healing during the recovery of human dermal fibroblasts. These effects were prevented by knockdown of nucleolin expression with small interference RNA (siRNA), whereas overexpression of nucleolin enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis of human dermal fibroblasts with heat-denaturation. In addition, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) was significantly increased during the recovery of heat-denatured dermis and human dermal fibroblasts. TGF-β1 expression was up-regulated by nucleolin in human dermal fibroblasts. The results suggest that nucleolin expression is up-regulated, and play an important role in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis of human dermal fibroblasts during the recovery of heat-denatured dermis with a mechanism probably related to TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Esquirol Caussa J, Herrero Vila E. Factor de crecimiento epidérmico, innovación y seguridad. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 145:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun Q, Guo S, Wang CC, Sun X, Wang D, Xu N, Jin SF, Li KZ. Cross-talk between TGF-β/Smad pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in pathological scar formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7631-7639. [PMID: 26261683 PMCID: PMC4526017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a key factor in the process of wound healing, which is regulated by TGF-β/Smad pathway. We previously demonstrated that TGF-β1 contributed to pathological scar formation. And previous studies also suggested Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be involved in wound healing. However, their role and relation in pathological scar formation remains not very clear. For evaluating TGF-β1 and β-catenin, key factors of the two signal pathways, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and RT-PCR were used. Simultaneously, immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate Smad2, Smad3 and Wnt-1, which were also the important factors. We found that they all significantly accumulated in pathological scars compared with normal skins (P<0.05), that implied the two signal pathways both contributed to pathological scar formation. Meanwhile, β-catenin expression showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease under the influence of different concentrations of TGF-β1 (P<0.01). It is possible that there is a complicated interaction between the two signal pathways in pathological scar formation (both synergy and antagonism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Chao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Feng Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Zhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
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32
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Schulz JN, Zeltz C, Sørensen IW, Barczyk M, Carracedo S, Hallinger R, Niehoff A, Eckes B, Gullberg D. Reduced granulation tissue and wound strength in the absence of α11β1 integrin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1435-1444. [PMID: 25634355 PMCID: PMC4407012 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous wound healing studies have failed to define a role for either α1β1 or α2β1 integrin in fibroblast-mediated wound contraction, suggesting the involvement of another collagen receptor in this process. Our previous work demonstrated that the integrin subunit α11 is highly induced during wound healing both at the mRNA and protein level, prompting us to investigate and dissect the role of the integrin α11β1 during this process. Therefore, we used mice with a global ablation of either α2 or α11 or both integrin subunits and investigated the repair of excisional wounds. Analyses of wounds demonstrated that α11β1 deficiency results in reduced granulation tissue formation and impaired wound contraction, independently of the presence of α2β1. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data further demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts lacking α11β1 are unable to efficiently convert to myofibroblasts, resulting in scar tissue with compromised tensile strength. Moreover, we suggest that the reduced stability of the scar is a consequence of poor collagen remodeling in α11−/− wounds associated with defective transforming growth factor-β–dependent JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida W Sørensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malgorzata Barczyk
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sergio Carracedo
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralf Hallinger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Haldar S, Dru C, Choudhury D, Mishra R, Fernandez A, Biondi S, Liu Z, Shimada K, Arditi M, Bhowmick NA. Inflammation and pyroptosis mediate muscle expansion in an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6574-83. [PMID: 25596528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle inflammation is often associated with its expansion. Bladder smooth muscle inflammation-induced cell death is accompanied by hyperplasia and hypertrophy as the primary cause for poor bladder function. In mice, DNA damage initiated by chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide activated caspase 1 through the formation of the NLRP3 complex resulting in detrusor hyperplasia. A cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein, caused global DNA methylation and accumulation of DNA damage in a mouse model of bladder inflammation and in cultured bladder muscle cells. In correlation, global DNA methylation and NLRP3 expression was up-regulated in human chronic bladder inflammatory tissues. The epigenetic silencing of DNA damage repair gene, Ogg1, could be reversed by the use of demethylating agents. In mice, demethylating agents reversed cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation and detrusor expansion. The transgenic knock-out of Ogg1 in as few as 10% of the detrusor cells tripled the proliferation of the remaining wild type counterparts in an in vitro co-culture titration experiment. Antagonizing IL-1β with Anakinra, a rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic, prevented detrusor proliferation in conditioned media experiments as well as in a mouse model of bladder inflammation. Radiation treatment validated the role of DNA damage in the NLRP3-associated caspase 1-mediated IL-1β secretory phenotype. A protein array analysis identified IGF1 to be downstream of IL-1β signaling. IL-1β-induced detrusor proliferation and hypertrophy could be reversed with the use of Anakinra as well as an IGF1 neutralizing antibody. IL-1β antagonists in current clinical practice can exploit the revealed mechanism for DNA damage-mediated muscular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Haldar
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Christopher Dru
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048,
| | - Ana Fernandez
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Shea Biondi
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- From the Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, and
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The topical administration of rhEGF-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (rhEGF-NLC) improves healing in a porcine full-thickness excisional wound model. J Control Release 2015; 197:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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El-Domyati M, El-Ammawi TS, Medhat W, Moawad O, Mahoney MG, Uitto J. Expression of transforming growth factor-β after different non-invasive facial rejuvenation modalities. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:396-404. [PMID: 25514823 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a major regulator of the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in human skin as it stimulates fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Perturbed TGF-β expression may play a key role in the pathogenesis of skin aging. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to objectively evaluate the effects of different modalities of non-invasive facial rejuvenation on TGF-β expression and to correlate its level with that of newly synthesized collagen. METHODS A total of 36 patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were divided into six groups. Each group of six patients was subjected to a different non-invasive modality for the treatment of skin aging, including radiofrequency (RF), Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser and Er:YAG 2940-nm laser mini-peels, intense pulsed light (IPL), mesotherapy injection, and electro-optical synergy (ELOS). Skin biopsies were obtained before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at three months post-treatment. In addition, biopsies were obtained from 30 control subjects. Levels of TGF-β were quantitatively evaluated using computerized image analysis of immunostained sections. RESULTS The expression of TGF-β was statistically significantly increased (P < 0.05) at the end of Nd:YAG 1320-nm and Er:YAG 2940-nm mini-peel treatments compared with baseline levels, and at three months post-treatment with RF and ELOS compared with pretreatment and end-of-treatment levels. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in TGF-β level in response to IPL or mesotherapy treatments in comparison with baseline. The level of TGF-β was positively correlated (P < 0.05) to that of newly synthesized collagen at the end of Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser and Er:YAG 2940-nm laser mini-peels, as well as at three months after RF and ELOS treatments. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency, ELOS, and Nd:YAG 1320-nm laser and Er:YAG 2940-nm laser mini-peels resulted in an increase in TGF-β expression, which may mediate the effects of these modalities in enhancing dermal collagen expression through the activation of fibroblasts and thereby reverse the photoaging of skin.
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36
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Analysis of morphological characteristics and expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in skin wounds to determine wound age in living subjects in forensic medicine. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 246:86-91. [PMID: 25485947 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound age determination in living subjects is important in routine diagnostics in forensic medicine. Macroscopical description of a wound to determine wound age however is inadequate. The aim of this study was to assess whether it would be feasible to determine wound age via analysis of morphological characteristics and extracellular matrix proteins in skin biopsies of living subjects referred to a forensic outpatient clinic. METHODS Skin biopsies (n=101), representing the border area of the wound, were taken from skin injuries of known wound age (range: 4.5h-25 days) in living subjects. All biopsies were analyzed for 3 morphological features (ulceration, parakeratosis and hemorrhage) and 3 extracellular matrix markers (collagen III, collagen IV and α-SMA). For quantification, biopsies were subdivided in 4 different timeframes: 0.2-2 days, 2-4 days, 4-10 days and 10-25 days old wounds. Subsequently, a probability scoring system was developed. RESULTS For hemorrhage, collagen III, collagen IV and α-SMA expression no relation with wound age was found. Ulceration was only found in wounds of 0.2-2, 2-4 and 4-10 days old, implying that the probability that a wound was more than 10 days old in case of ulceration is equal to 0%. Also parakeratosis was almost exclusively found in wounds of 0.2-2, 2-4 and 4-10 days old, except for one case with a wound age of 15 days old. The probability scoring system of all analyzed markers, as depicted above, however can be used to calculate individual wound age probabilities in biopsies of skin wounds of living subjects. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a probability scoring system, analysing morphological characteristics and extracellular matrix proteins in superficial skin biopsies of wounds in living subjects that can be applied in forensic medicine for wound age determination.
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Improvement of biomaterials used in tissue engineering by an ageing treatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:777-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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van de Goot FR, Korkmaz HI, Fronczek J, Witte BI, Visser R, Ulrich MM, Begieneman MP, Rozendaal L, Krijnen PA, Niessen HW. A new method to determine wound age in early vital skin injuries: A probability scoring system using expression levels of Fibronectin, CD62p and Factor VIII in wound hemorrhage. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 244:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu S, Thompson K, Leask A. CCN2 expression by fibroblasts is not required for cutaneous tissue repair. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:119-24. [PMID: 24393160 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The CCN family of matricellular proteins, which includes CCN2 and CCN1, is believed to have a major in vivo role in controlling tissue morphogenesis and repair. In adult skin, the proadhesive matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is specifically up-regulated in fibrosis and wound healing. In mice, CCN2 is required for dermal fibrogenesis, but whether CCN2 is required for cutaneous tissue repair is unknown. To address this question, in this report we subjected adult mice bearing a fibroblast-specific deletion of CCN2 to the dermal punch model of cutaneous tissue repair. Loss of CCN2 did not appreciably affect the kinetics of tissue repair, collagen content, or the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells. CCN1 (cyr61), which has in vitro effect similar to CCN2, is also induced in cutaneous tissue repair. Fibroblast-specific CCN1/CCN2 double knockout mice were also generated; loss of both CCN1 and CCN2 together did not appreciably affect cutaneous tissue repair. However, loss of CCN2 resulted in impaired recruitment of NG2-positive pericyte-like cells to the wound area. Collectively, these results indicate that neither CCN2 nor CCN1 is essential for cutaneous tissue repair; CCN2 appears to be required for recruitment of pericyte-like cells and may represent a specific antifibrotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxi Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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40
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FOXO1, TGF-β regulation and wound healing. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16257-69. [PMID: 25226535 PMCID: PMC4200873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is a complex process that involves migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, in addition to the production of cytokines and growth factors that affect other cells. The induction of transcription factors during these processes is crucial for successful wound healing. The transcription factor forkhead boxO-1 (FOXO1) has recently been found to be an important regulator of wound healing. In particular, FOXO1 has significant effects through regulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression and protecting keratinocytes from oxidative stress. In the absence of FOXO1, there is increased oxidative damage, reduced TGF-β1 expression, reduced migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and increased keratinocytes apoptosis leading to impaired re-epithelialization of wounds.
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Gabriel VA, McClellan EA, Scheuermann RH. Response of human skin to esthetic scarification. Burns 2014; 40:1338-44. [PMID: 24582755 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate changes in RNA expression in previously healthy adult human skin following thermal injury induced by contact with hot metal that was undertaken as part of esthetic scarification, a body modification practice. Subjects were recruited to have pre-injury skin and serial wound biopsies performed. 4 mm punch biopsies were taken prior to branding and 1 h, 1 week, and 1, 2 and 3 months after injury. RNA was extracted and quality assured prior to the use of a whole-genome based bead array platform to describe expression changes in the samples using the pre-injury skin as a comparator. Analysis of the array data was performed using k-means clustering and a hypergeometric probability distribution without replacement and corrections for multiple comparisons were done. Confirmatory q-PCR was performed. Using a k of 10, several clusters of genes were shown to co-cluster together based on Gene Ontology classification with probabilities unlikely to occur by chance alone. OF particular interest were clusters relating to cell cycle, proteinaceous extracellular matrix and keratinization. Given the consistent expression changes at 1 week following injury in the cell cycle cluster, there is an opportunity to intervene early following burn injury to influence scar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Gabriel
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Surgery and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Firefighters' Burn Treatment Centre, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth A McClellan
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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Persichetti P, Segreto F, Carotti S, Marangi GF, Tosi D, Morini S. Oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression in breast implant capsules: experimental findings and clinical correlates. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 67:308-15. [PMID: 24389289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts provide a force to decrease the surface area of breast implant capsules as the collagen matrix matures. 17-β-Oestradiol promotes myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of oestrogen receptors α and β in capsular tissue. The study enrolled 70 women (80 capsules) who underwent expander or implant removal, following breast reconstruction. Specimens were stained with haematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence stainings for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and oestrogen receptor-beta (ER-β). The relationship between anti-oestrogenic therapy and capsular severity was evaluated. A retrospective analysis of 233 cases of breast reconstruction was conducted. Myofibroblasts expressed ER-α, ER-β or both. In the whole sample, α-SMA score positively correlated with ER-α (p = 0.022) and ER-β expression (p < 0.004). ER-β expression negatively correlated with capsular thickness (p < 0.019). In capsules surrounding expanders α-SMA and ER-α, expressions negatively correlated with time from implantation (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016, respectively). The incidence of grade III-IV contracture was higher in patients who did not have anti-oestrogenic therapy (p < 0.036); retrospective analysis of 233 cases confirmed this finding (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates the expression of oestrogen receptors in myofibroblasts of capsular tissue. A lower contracture severity was found in patients who underwent anti-oestrogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Persichetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Segreto
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research (CIR), Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Marangi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research (CIR), Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
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A reciprocal role of prostate cancer on stromal DNA damage. Oncogene 2013; 33:4924-31. [PMID: 24141771 PMCID: PMC4121379 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage found in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) promotes tumor progression. In the absence of somatic mutations in CAF, epigenetic changes dictate how stromal coevolution is mediated in tumors. Seventy percent of prostate cancer patients lose expression of transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGFBR2) in the stromal compartment (n=77, P-value=0.0001), similar to the rate of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) silencing. Xenografting of human prostate cancer epithelia, LNCaP, resulted in the epigenetic Tgfbr2 silencing of host mouse prostatic fibroblasts. Stromal Tgfbr2 promoter hypermethylation, initiated by LNCaP cells, was found to be dependent on interleukin 6 expression, based on neutralizing antibody studies. We further found that pharmacologic and transgenic knockout of TGF-β responsiveness in prostatic fibroblasts induced Gstp1 promoter methylation. It is known that TGF-β promotes DNA stability, however, the mechanism is not well understood. Both prostatic human CAF and mouse transgenic knockout of Tgbr2 had elevated DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) activity and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) to suggest greater promoter methylation. Interestingly, the conditional knockout of Tgfbr2 in mouse prostatic fibroblasts, in modeling epigenetic silencing of Tgfbr2, had greater epigenetic gene silencing of multiple DNA damage repair and oxidative stress response genes, based on promoter methylation array analysis. Homologous gene silencing was validated by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR in mouse and human prostatic CAF. Not surprisingly, DNA damage repair gene silencing in the prostatic stromal cells corresponded with the presence of DNA damage. Restoring the expression of the epigenetically silenced genes in wild-type fibroblasts with radiation-induced DNA damage reduced tumor progression. Tumor progression was inhibited even when epigenetic silencing was reversed in the Tgfbr2-knockout prostatic fibroblasts. Taken together, fibroblastic epigenetic changes causative of DNA damage, initiated by association with cancer epithelia, is a dominant mediator of tumor progression over TGF-β responsiveness.
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Daimon E, Shibukawa Y, Wada Y. Calponin 3 regulates stress fiber formation in dermal fibroblasts during wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:571-84. [PMID: 23545751 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is an intricate process involving various cell types and molecules. In granulation tissue, fibroblasts proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts and generate mechanical tension for wound closure and contraction. Actin stress fibers formed in these cells, especially those containing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), are the central machinery for contractile force generation. In the present study, calponin 3 (CNN3), which has a phosphorylation-dependent actin-binding property, was identified in the molecular mechanism underlying stress fiber formation. CNN3 was expressed by fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in the proliferation phase of wound healing, and was associated with α-SMA in stress fibers formed by cultured dermal fibroblasts. CNN3 expression was post-transcriptionally regulated by tension, as demonstrated by disruption of actin filament organization under floating culture or blebbistatin treatment. CNN3 knockdown in primary fibroblasts impaired stress fiber formation, resulting in a phenotype of decreased cellular dynamics such as cell motility and contractile ability. These findings indicate that CNN3 participates in actin stress fiber remodeling, which is required for cell motility and contraction of dermal fibroblasts in the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Daimon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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Boo S, Dagnino L. Integrins as Modulators of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Dermal Fibroblasts During Skin Regeneration After Injury. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:238-246. [PMID: 24527345 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal wound repair results from disorders in granulation tissue remodeling, and can lead to hypertrophic scarring and fibrosis. Excessive scarring can compromise tissue function and decrease tissue resistance to additional injuries. The development of potential therapies to minimize scarring is, thus, necessary to address an important clinical problem. RECENT ADVANCES It has been clearly established that multiple cytokines and growth factors participate in the regulation of cutaneous wound healing. More recently, it has become apparent that these factors do not necessarily activate isolated signaling pathways. Rather, in some cases, there is cross-modulation of several cellular pathways involved in this process. Two of the key pathways that modulate each other during wound healing are activated by transforming growth factor-β and by extracellular matrix proteins acting through integrins. CRITICAL ISSUES The pathogenesis of excessive scarring upon wound healing is not fully understood, as a result of the complexity of this process. However, the fact that many pathways combine to produce fibrosis provides multiple potential therapeutic targets. Some of them have been identified, such as focal adhesion kinase and integrin-linked kinase. Currently, a major challenge is to develop pharmacological inhibitors of these proteins with therapeutic value to promote efficient wound repair. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The ability to better understand how different pathways crosstalk during wound repair and to identify and pharmacologically modulate key factors that contribute to the regulation of multiple wound-healing pathways could potentially provide effective therapeutic targets to decrease or prevent excessive scar formation and/or development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellar Boo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Finnson KW, Arany PR, Philip A. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Lessons Learned from Animal Studies. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:225-237. [PMID: 24761336 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving a multitude of growth factors, among which transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has the broadest spectrum of effects. Animal studies have provided key information on the mechanisms of TGF-β action in wound healing and have guided the development of therapeutic strategies targeting the TGF-β pathway to improve wound healing and scarring outcome. RECENT ADVANCES Development of tissue-specific expression systems for overexpression or knockout of TGF-β signaling pathway components has led to novel insight into the role of TGF-β signaling in wound healing. This work has also identified molecules that might serve as molecular targets for the treatment of pathological skin conditions such as chronic wounds and excessive scarring (fibrosis). CRITICAL ISSUES Many of the mouse models with genetic alterations in the TGF-β signaling pathway develop an underlying skin abnormality, which may pose some limitations on the interpretation of wound-healing results obtained in these animals. Also, TGF-β's pleiotropic effects on many cell types throughout all phases of wound healing present a challenge in designing specific strategies for targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway to promote wound healing or reduce scarring. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further characterization of TGF-β signaling pathway components using inducible tissue-specific overexpression or knockout technology will be needed to corroborate results obtained in mouse models that display a skin phenotype, and to better understand the role of TGF-β signaling during distinct phases of the wound-healing process. Such studies will also provide a better understanding of how TGF-β mediates its autocrine, paracrine, and double paracrine effects on cellular responses in vivo during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Finnson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Praveen R. Arany
- Cell Regulation and Control Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anie Philip
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Wang T, Feng Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Hao L, Shi C, Wang J, Li R, Ran X, Su Y, Zou Z. miR-21 regulates skin wound healing by targeting multiple aspects of the healing process. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 181:1911-20. [PMID: 23159215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the clarification of the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse physiologic and pathologic processes, the effects of miRNAs in wound healing have attracted more attention recently. However, the global pattern of miRNA expression in wound tissue is still unknown. In the present study, we depicted the miRNA profile and identified at least 54 miRNAs, including miR-21, changed for more than twofold at the stage of granulation formation during wound healing. These miRNAs were closely related to the major events of wound healing, including cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remolding. Furthermore, we found that miR-21 was up-regulated after skin injury, mainly in activated and migrating epithelial cells of epidermis and mesenchymal cells of dermis. Locally antagonizing miR-21 by directly injecting antagomir to wound edge caused significant delay of wound closure with impaired collagen deposition. Unexpectedly, we found wounds treated with miR-21 antagomir had an obvious defect in wound contraction at an early stage of wound healing. The significant role of miR-21 in wound contraction was further confirmed by in vivo gain-of-function and in vitro loss-of-function experiments. In conclusion, the present study has for the first time depicted miRNA profiling of wound healing and demonstrated the involvement of miR-21 in regulating the wound contraction and collagen deposition. These results suggest that miR-21 may be a new medical target in skin wound manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sabutoclax, a Mcl-1 antagonist, inhibits tumorigenesis in transgenic mouse and human xenograft models of prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2013; 14:656-65. [PMID: 22904682 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to available therapeutic agents has been a common problem thwarting progress in treatment of castrate-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Overexpression of the Bcl-2 family members, including Mcl-1, in PCa cells is known to inhibit intracellular mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Here we report the development of a novel transgenic mouse model that spontaneously develops prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma by the inducible, conditional knockout of transforming growth factor β receptor type II in stromal fibroblastic cells (Tgfbr2(ColTKO)). The Tgfbr2(ColTKO) prostate epithelia demonstrated down-regulation of luminal and basal differentiation markers, as well as Pten expression and up-regulation of Mcl-1. However, unlike in men, Tgfbr2(ColTKO) prostates exhibited no regression acutely after castration. The administration of Sabutoclax (BI-97C1), a pan-active Bcl-2 protein family antagonist mediated apoptosis in castrate-resistant PCa cells of Tgfbr2(ColTKO) mice and human subcutaneous, orthotopic, and intratibial xenograft PCa models. Interestingly, Sabutoclax had little apoptotic effect on benign prostate tissue in Tgfbr2(ColTKO) and wild-type mice. Sabutoclax was able to block c-Met activation, a critical axis in PCa metastatic progression. Further, Sabutoclax synergistically sensitized PC-3 cells to the cytotoxic effects of docetaxel (Taxotere). Together, these data suggest that Sabutoclax inhibits castrate-resistant PCa alone at the primary and bone metastatic site as well as support sensitivity to docetaxel treatment.
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Vorstenbosch J, Gallant-Behm C, Trzeciak A, Roy S, Mustoe T, Philip A. Transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis display decreased inflammation and granulation tissue and improved collagen architecture during wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:235-46. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Vorstenbosch
- Department of Surgery; Division of Plastic Surgery; McGill University; Montréal; Quebec; Canada
| | - Corrie Gallant-Behm
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Northwestern University; Chicago; Illinois
| | - Alissa Trzeciak
- Department of Surgery; Division of Plastic Surgery; McGill University; Montréal; Quebec; Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université de Montréal; Montréal; Quebec; Canada
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Northwestern University; Chicago; Illinois
| | - Anie Philip
- Department of Surgery; Division of Plastic Surgery; McGill University; Montréal; Quebec; Canada
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Häkkinen L, Larjava H, Koivisto L. Granulation tissue formation and remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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